Contents

.!<-($ 目录
The English Alphabet $?=-LJ.-<J:-3A$ 英语字母 <4>

Lesson One aR2-5/-.%-0R, 第一课 I Study English %?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-0-;A/,  我学习英语 <5>

Lesson Two aR2-5/-$*A?-0, 第二课 I am a Student %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-; A/, 我是个学生 <8>

Lesson Three aR2-5/-$?3-0,  第三课  A Picture of My Family %:A-HA3-5%-$A-:S-0<-8A$ 我

的全家福 <11>
Review: Lessons 1, 2, and 3 2*<-.R%-, aR2-5/-.%-0R-.%-$*A?-0, $?3-0, 复习第一、二和三课 <15>

Lesson Four aR2-5/-28A-2, 第四课 Nancy’s Family //-?J-5%-$A-HA3-3A,  南希一家 <20>

Lesson Five aR2-5/-s-2,  第五课  What Are in These Pictures? <A-3R-:.A-.$-$A-/%-.-&A-8A$-;R.,

这些图片里有什么？ <28>

Lesson Six aR2-5/-S$-0,  第六课  The Girls 2-3R-5S, 女孩们 <32>   

Lesson Seven aR2-5/-2./-0,  第七课  John Turner )R/-,<-/J<,  约翰·赤纳尔  <36>

Lesson Eight aR2-5/-2o.-0,  第八课  Mary 3-<R?, 玛丽 <43>

Lesson Nine aR2-5/-.$-2,  第九课  Our Classroom %-5S:C-aR2-#%-, 我们的教室 <47>

Lesson Ten aR2-5/-2&-2,  第十课  Mary Cooper 3-<R?-#R-1<, 玛丽·库伯 <52>

Lesson Eleven aR2-5/-2&-$&A$-0,  第十一课  What Are They Doing? #R-5S?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R.,

他们在做什么？ <56>
Lesson Twelve aR2-5/-2&-$*A?-0, 第十二课 In the Classroom aR2-#%-/%-., 在教室里 <62> 

Lesson Thirteen aR2-5/-2&-$?3-0, 第十三课 The Summer Palace ;?-@R-*J.-5=, 颐和园 <69> 

Lesson Fourteen aR2-5/-2&-28A-2,  第十四课 Seasons and Months .?-5B$?-.%-=R-^, 季节

和月份 <77> 
Lesson Fifteen (A) aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课 Mr. Patterson {-82?-1J-,J<-?/, 帕特森先生 <83>

Lesson Fifteen (B) aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课 Clever Artist +-l=-0-|3-0R,  一个聪明的画家 <87> 

Lesson Sixteen aR2-5/-2&-S$-0,  第十六课 A Letter :UA/-;A$-&A$ 一封信 <88>

Lesson Seventeen aR2-5/-2&-2./-0,  第十七课 My Plan for the Summer %:A-.L<-$/%-$A-

:(<$8A, 我的暑假计划 <93> 

Lesson Eighteen aR2-5/-2&R-2o.-0, 第十八课 An Announcement 2h-.R<-8A$, 通知 <97> 

Lesson Nineteen aR2-5/-2&-.$-2,  第十九课 Toshio and Anna ,R-8A:R-.%-A/-/, 透西奥和

安娜 <101> 
Lesson Twenty (A) aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十课 A Flight Attendant 3#:-*R.-Y?-3R, 一位空姐 <105>

Lesson Twenty (B) aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十课 Two Thieves b/-3-$*A?,  两个小偷 <111> 

Lesson Twenty-One aR2-5/-*J<-$&A$-0,第二十一课 A Day in the Country 8A%-PR%-$A-*A/-$&A$

在乡村的一天 <112>
Lesson Twenty-Two aR2-5/-*J<-$*A?-0,  第二十二课 My Family %:A-HA3-5%-, 我的家庭 <117> 

Lesson Twenty-Three aR2-5/-*J<-$?3-0,  第二十三课 A New Flat #R.-#%-$?<-2-8A$

一所新公寓 <122>

Lesson Twenty-Four aR2-5/-*J<-28A-2,  第二十四课 Elvis Presley AJ=-2J-?A·1-<:J-?A-=J,

艾维斯·普瑞斯莱 <128> 
Lesson Twenty-Five aR2-5/-*J<-s-2,  第二十五课 Jack London )J-#J-=/-./, 杰克·伦敦 <133> 

Lesson Twenty-Six aR2-5/-*J<-S$-0,  第二十六课 My Grandfather %:A-%R-2R, 我的爷爷 <138> 

Lesson Twenty-Seven (A) aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0,  第二十七课 Our Neighbor %-5S:C-HA3-35K?, 我

们的邻居 <143>
Lesson Twenty-Seven (B) aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0, 第二十七课 The Temple God Eats Tsamba .$R/-0:A-

z-;A?-l3-0-9R?-0,  寺院里的佛像吃糌粑 <148>

Lesson Twenty-Eight aR2-5/-*J<-2o.-0,  第二十八课 An Exciting Trip 3A-?J3?-3R-2:A-;=-

{R<-,J%?->A$ 一次令人兴奋的旅行 <149>

Lesson Twenty-Nine aR2-5/-*J<-.$-2,  第二十九课 Trevor Portman OJ-2R<·1R<-,A-3/, 特雷

弗·波曼 <154> 
Lesson Thirty aR2-5/-?3-&-2,  第三十课 The Stolen Bicycle 2b?-?R%-2:A-t$?-g, 被偷

掉的自行车 <158> 
Lesson Thirty-One aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0,  第三十一课 Western Europe ;R-<R2-/2-3, 西欧 <162> 

•2•
Lesson Thirty-Two (A) aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课 A Taxi \-LJ.-$/3-P, 一架出租飞机 <167>

Lesson Thirty-Two (B) aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课 Donkey Butter 2R%-2:A-3<,  驴酥油 <171> 

Lesson Thirty-Three aR2-5/-?R-$?3-2,  第三十三课 Tibetan Horse Races 2R.-GA-g-o$?-:P/-

2#<, 藏族赛马会 <172>

Lesson Thirty-Four aR2-5/-?R-28A-2,  第三十四课 Zhaxi Takes a Friend Home 2N->A?-

GA?-#R:A-PR$?-0R-8A$-;=-=-OA.-0, 扎西带一个朋友回家 <176> 

Lesson Thirty-Five aR2-5/-?R-s-2,  第三十五课 Liz Visits a Tibetan Temple =A?-9A?-2R.-

GA-.$R/-0-8A$-=-3)=-2, 利斯参观一座藏传佛教寺院 <181>

Lesson Thirty-Six aR2-5/-?R-S$-2,  第三十六课 King Song-tsen Gampo--Tibetan King

2R.-o=-YR%-24/-|3-0R, 吐蕃国王—松赞干布 <186> 

Lesson Thirty-seven aR2-5/-?R-2./-2,  第三十七课 Wild Yaks :VR%-, 野牦牛 <190>

Lesson Thirty-eight aR2-5/-?R-2o.-2,  第三十八课 Hydatid Disease YA/-0/, 包虫囊病 <194>

Text Translation 2R.-;A$-.%-o-;A$-$A-:I<, 课文翻译 <199>

Appendix 1  9<-2!R.1, .LA/-;A$-$A-2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-%R-3R.-.%-3A%-:PJ=, 附录 1 <226> 

   9<-2!R.2, ,-~.-KR$?-21A$?, 附录 2
Appendix 2 <286>

Phonetics 1-$.%?, 语音 <328>

•3•
 The English Alphabet

$?=-LJ.-<J:-3A$ 英语字母

0<-VA?, =$-VA?, 1-g$?, 0<-VA?, =$-VA?, 1-g$?,

$92 $>< $92 $>< $92 $>< $92 $><
A a [ei] N n [en]
A a N n
B b [bi:] O o [@u]
B b O o
C c [si:] P p [pi:]
C c P p
D d [di:] Q q [kju:]
D d Q q
E e [I:] R r [a:]
E e R r
F f [ef] S s [es]
F f S s
G g [dZi:] T t [ti:]
G g T t
H h [eitS] U u [ju:]
H h U u
I i [ai] V v [vi:]
I I V v
J j [dZei] W w ['dVblju:]
J j W w
K k [kei] X x [eks]
K k X x
L l [el] Y y [wai]
L l Y y
M m [em] Z z [zi:]
M m Z z

•4•
 Lesson One
aR2-5/-.%-0R,  第一课
New Words

lesson /"lesn/ n. aR2-,/,  课程 课

like /laIk/ prep .$:-2, 喜欢  teacher /"ti:tS@/ n. .$J-c/,  老师 

one /wVn/ adj. $&A$ 一 a /eI/ art. &A$ 8A$ >A$ (一)个, (一)位

work /w3:k/ n. =?-! 工作 drill /drIl/ n. .R%-2, 练习 

new /nju:/ adj. $?<-2,  新的 

hard /hA:d/ adj. @<-2lR/, 3OJ$?-0R,  努力  student /"stju:dnt/ n. aR2-3,  学生 

word /w3:d/ n. ;A-$J ,-~., 单词 he /hi:/ pron. #R,  他 

conversation /%kQnv@"seISn/ n. {.-(, #-2h,   

对话 study /"stVdi/ vt. aR2-.R%-,  学习 

I /aI/ pron. %-, 我
she /Si:/ pron. 3R,  她 
good /gUd/ adj. ;$-0R, 29%-,  好
English /"INglIS/ n..LA/-;A$ 英语
am /%eI "em/ vi. ;A/, 是
:$:-8A$
several /"sevr@l/ adj. & n.

(次),(个) 数

Text
I Study English
I am a student. %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  我是个学生。

I study English. %?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-0-;A/,  我学习英语。 

I like English. %-<%-.LA/-;A$-=-.$:,  我喜欢英语。 

I work hard. %?-L-2-:2.-0?-12-0-;A/,  我努力工作。

•5•
 Conversation #-2h,  对话 
A. Good morning, Zhaxi. }-SR<-29%-, 2N->A?,  扎西，早上好。 

B. Good morning, Teacher. }-SR<-29%-, .$J-c/,  老师，早上好。 

Drills .R%-2,  练习

(A)
―I am a student. %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  我是个学生。 

―He is a student. #R-<%-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,  他是个学生。 

―She is a student. 3R-<%-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,  她是个学生。

―Mary is a student. 3-<R?-/A-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,  玛丽是个学生。 

(B)
―I am a teacher. %-<%-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/,  我是个教师。 

―He is a teacher. #R-<%-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,  他是个教师。 

―She is a teacher. 3R-<%-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,  她是个教师。 

―Peter is a teacher. 1J-,J<-/A-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,  皮特是个教师。 

Exercises $><-.%-,  习题

1. Read the new words. 5B$-$?<-i3?-[R$?->A$  阅读新单词。

2. Read the text several times. aR2-5/-:.A-,J%?-:$<-[R$?->A$ 把课文读几遍。

3. Do the drills. {.-(:A-.%-$8A-.J-.R%?->A$ 完成练习。

4. Learn the conversation. #-2h-.J-.R%-2-LJ.-.$R?, 学习对话。

5. Learn the English alphabet. .LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-.R%-2-LR?,  学习英语字母。

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

•6•
6. Spell the words in the table. <J:-3A$-/%-$A-,-~.-.$-.R<-[R$-LJ.-.$R?,  拼读下列表格里的单词。

L-e-s-s-o-n Lesson O-n-e One

n-e-w new w-o-r-d word
t-e-x-t text a-m am
s-t-u-d-e-n-t student s-t-u-d-y study
E-n-g-l-i-s-h English l-i-k-e like
w-o-r-k work h-a-r-d hard
c-o-n-v-e-r-s-a-t-i-o-n conversation g-o-o-d good
m-o-r-n-i-n-g morning t-e-a-c-h-e-r teacher
d-r-i-l-l drill h-e he
s-h-e she

7. Copy the English alphabet. .LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-2>-:VA-LJ.-.$R?,  抄写英语字母。

A. Capital letters. $92-VA?-GA-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J,  大写字母。

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

B. Small letters. $><-VA?-GAA-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J,  小写字母。

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

•7•
 Lesson Two
aR2-5/-$*A?-0,  第二课
New Words
two /tu:/ adj. $*A?,  二 

are /A:/ v. ;A/, <J.,  是  nurse /n3:s/ n. /.-$;R$ 护士

my /maI/ pron. %-;A,  我的 

you /j@; ju:/ pron HJ., HJ.-5S,  你  ,你们  worker /"w3:k@/ n. 29R-2,  工人

your /j@; jO:/ HR.-GA, HR.-5S:C,  你的,你们的 

sister /"sIst@/ n. $&J/-3R-.%-$&%-3R,   

    姐妹  mother /"mVD@/ n. A-3,  妈妈,  母亲

no /n@U/ 3-<J., 3A/,  不,无,不是 

is /iz/ v. <J.,  是
not /nQt/ adj. 3A/, .$$-1,  不,没,不是 
too /tu:/ adj. G%-, :%-, ;%-,  也
engineer /%endZI"nI@/ n. 29R-:$R.-0,  工
程师
afternoon /%A:ft@"nu:n/ n. KA-SR,  下午

soldier /"s@UldZ@/ n. .3$-3A,  军人 

technician /tek"nISn/ n. =$-l=-0,   

  术人员 
brother /"brVD@/ n. %/-^, $&J/-$&%-
comrade /'kOmreid/]R-3,/,  同志
兄弟

doctor /"dQkt@/ n. (/-0,  医生,大夫  farmer /"fA:m@/ n. 8A%-2,  农民

father /"fA:D@/ n. A-1,  爸爸,父亲

•8•
 Text
I am a Student.
I am a student. %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  我是学生。 

My sister is a student, too. %:A-YA%-3R-;%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  我妹妹也是学生。 

My brother is a teacher. %:A-1-2R-/A-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/,  我哥哥是教师。 

My father is a worker. %:A-A-1-/A-29R-2-8A$-;A/,  我爸爸是工人。 

My mother is a farmer. %:A-A-3-/A-8A%-2-8A$-;A/,  我妈妈是农民。

Conversation
A. Good afternoon, Losang. ]R-29%-, KA-SR<-29%-,  洛桑，下午好。

B. Good afternoon, Zhaxi. 2N->A?, KA-SR<-29%-,  扎西，下午好。 

Drills
(A)
―Are you a student? HJ.-<%-aR2-3-8A$-AJ-;A/,  你是学生吗？

―Yes, I am. I am a student. ;A/, %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  是的，我是学生。

―Are you a teacher? HJ.-<%-.$J-c/-8A$-AJ-;A/,  你是教师吗？

―No, I am not. I am not a teacher. I am a student. 3A/, %-.$J-c/-8A$-3A/, %-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,  不，我不

    是教师，我是个学生。

(B)
―Is he a student? #R-aR2-3-8A$-AJ-<J.,  他是学生吗？ 

―No, he isn’t. He’s a soldier. 3-<J., #R-/A-.3$-3AA-8A$-<J.,  不，他不是，他是个军人。

―Is she a doctor? 3R-(/-0-8A$-AJ-<J.,  她是医生吗？

―No, she isn’t. She is a nurse. 3-<J., 3R-/A-/.-$;R$-&A$-<J.,  不，她不是，她是个护士。

―Is your brother a worker? HJ.-GA-1-2R-29R-2-8A$-AJ-;A/,  你哥哥是工人吗？

―No, he isn’t. He is an engineer. 3A/, #R-/A-29R-:$R.-0-8A$-;A/, 不，他不是，他是个工程师。

―Is your sister an engineer, too? HR.-GA-$&J/-3R--;%-29R-:$R.-0-8A$-;A/-/3, 你姐姐也是工程师吗？

―No, she isn’t. She’s a technician. 3A/, 3R-/A-=$-l=-0-8A$-;A/,  不，她不是，她是个技术人员。

•9•
 Exercises
1) Read the new words several times. ,-~.-$?<-2-i3?-,J%?-:$<-[R$?,  把新单词读几遍。

2) Read the text several times. aR2-5/-.J-,J%?-:$<-[R$?,  把课文读几遍。

3) Do the drills. {.-(:A-.%-$8A-.J-=-.R%-2-LR?,  完成练习。

4) Learn the conversation. #-2h-.R%-2,  学习对话。

5) Review the English alphabet. .LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-2*<-.R%-LJ.-0,  复习英语字母。

6) Spell the new words. 3A%-5B$-$?<-2-i3?-.R<-[R$-LJ.-0,  拼读新单词。

7) Learn the ABC song. ABC ;A-\-.L%?-.R%-2,  学习 ABC 歌。

ABC Song

•10•
 Lesson Three
aR2-5/-$?3-0,  第三课 
New Words
three /Tri:/ num. $?3,  三 the /D@; Di; Di:/ art. :.A, (用于名词前指已知

的事物)
middle /"mIdl/ adj. & n. 2<-.GA=,  中间,   
girl /g3:l/ n. 2-3R,  女孩,  姑娘, 
当中,  中央 
女儿  old /@Uld/ adj. c/-0,  年老的
this /DIs/ pron. :.A,  这 
me /mi:/ pron. %-,  我 
younger /"jVNg@/ =R-/-&%-$8R/-0:A,  较年轻的, 

较小的 
man /m&n/ n. 1R, *J?-0,  男人

picture /"pIktS@/ n. <A-3R,  画,照片,   

college /"kQlIdZ/ n. aR2-9-(J/-3R, aR2-\A%-, -   
        图画  学院 

school /sku:l/ n. aR2-9,  学校  woman /"wUm@n/ n. 3R, 2.-3J.,   

of $A-?R$?-:VJ=-1:A-.R/,  属于(某事物) 女人
who /hu:/ pron. ?,  谁 
的,(某物)的

young /jVN/ adj =R-/-$8R/-0:A,  年轻的

school-girl 2-3R-aR2-9-2, (中小学) what /wQt/ pron. &A-8A$ 什么

女生 elder /"eld@/ n. =R-/-&%3,R-2:A, (两人中)年龄

较大的
family HA3-5%-,  家,家庭 evening /"i:vnIN/ noun. .$R%-SR, 35/-3R,   
傍晚,  晚上 

boy /bOI/ n. 2-(%-,  男孩, 儿子

•11•
 Text 
A Picture of My Family

This is a picture of my family. The old man is my father. He is an engineer. The old woman is
my mother. She is a doctor. The young woman is my elder sister. She is a teacher. The girl is my
younger sister. She is a school-girl. The boy is my younger brother. He is a middle school student.
This young man is me. I am a college student.

Conversation 
A. Good evening, students. aR2-PR$?-i3-0, .$R%-SR<-29%-,  同学，们晚上好。

B. Good evening, teacher. .$J-c/-=$?, .$R%-SR<-29%-,  老师，晚上好。

Drills
(A)
Who is the old man? 
―Who is she?
―Who is he?
―Who is the young woman?

(B)
―What is your mother's job?
―Is your father a doctor, too?
―Is your elder sister a nurse?
―What is her job?

•12•
 Exercises
1. Read the new words several times. 3A%-5B$-$?<-2-.J-i3?-,J%?-:$<-[R$?->A$ 把新单词读几遍。

2. Read the text several times. aR2-5/-.J-,J%?-:$<-[R$?->A$ 把课文读几遍。

3. Answer the questions about the text. aR2-5/-{R<-IA-SA-2-:.A-.$-=-=/-,R2?,  回答下列问题。

1) What is this? ______________________________________________________________

2) Is this a picture of your family? _______________________________________________
3) Who is the old man? ______________________________________________________
4) What is he? _____________________________________________________________
5) Is this your mother? ______________________________________________________
6) What is she? _____________________________________________________________
7) Who is the young woman? ___________________________________________________
8) Is she a student? ___________________________________________________________
9) Who is the young man? _____________________________________________________
10) Are you a student? _________________________________________________________
11) Who is the boy?____________________________________________________________
12) Is he a college student? ______________________________________________________
13) Who is the young girl? ______________________________________________________
14) Is she a college student? _____________________________________________________

4. Do the drills. {.-(:A-.%-$8A-.J-=-.R%-2-LR?,  完成练习。

5. Turn the sentences into questions. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-:SA-5B$-+-+<-&A$ 把下列句子变成疑问句。

1) This is a picture. (Is this a picture?)______________________________________________

2) The girl is a nurse.____________________________________________________________
3) The young man is a technician__________________________________________________
4) I am an engineer._____________________________________________________________
5) My elder sister is a doctor._____________________________________________________
6) This is my family.____________________________________________________________
7) This is a middle school.________________________________________________________
8) This is Lesson Three.__________________________________________________________

•13•
6. Write the questions for the answers. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-=-:SA-5B$-UA?,  根据答案写问题。

1) What is it? (It’s a picture)

2) _____________________________________________________________________
(He’s my father.)

3) ____________________________________________________________________
(He’s an engineer.)

4) _____________________________________________________________mother?__
(Yes, it is.)

5) _____________________________________________________________________
(She is a doctor.)

6) _____________________________________________________________________
(She is my elder sister.)

7) _____________________________________________________________________
(No, she isn’t. She is a teacher.)

8) ___________________________________________________________ young man?

(It’s me.)

9) _____________________________________________________________________
(Yes, I am. I am a college student.)

10) ________________________________________________________________________________
(He’s my younger brother.)

11) _____________college__________________________________________________
(No, he isn’t. He is a middle school student.)

12) __________________________________________________________________young___________
(She is my younger sister.)

13) ___________________________________________________________________________________
(No, she isn't. She's a school-girl.)

•14•
 Review: Lessons 1, 2, and 3
2*<-.R%-, aR2-5/-.%-0R-.%-$*A?-0, $?3-0,  复习
New Words

horse /hO:s/ n. g,  马 

blackboard /"bl&kbO:d/ n.
cold /k@Uld/ n. P%-2,  寒冷 
/$-0%-,  黑板 
king /kIN/ n. o=-2R,  大王,  国王 

Tibetan /ti"bet@n / adj. & n. 2R.-0,   

desk /desk/ n. 1R$-4K, 桌子 

2R.-{., 2R.-GA,  藏族人,  藏语,  藏族的 

German /%dZ3:m@n / adj. & n.:)<-3/-0, :)<- clock /klQk/ n. (-5S.-:#R<-=R,

3/-{.,  德国人,德语  (时)钟

wall /wO:l/ n. I%-,  墙 
French /fra:ns, fr&ns/ n. n-</-?A:A-{., n-

</-?A:A-3A,  法语,  法国人 

classroom 
/"klA:sru:m; -rUm/ n. aR2-#%-,  教室 
watch (wristwatch) /wQtS/ n.
other /"VD@/ adj. & pron. $8/-.%R?-0R-?R$?, 
=$-:.R$?-(-5S.-:#R<-=R,  手表 
$8/-0,其他 
correct /k@"rekt/ adj. ;%-.$-0,  正确的

chair /tSe@/ n. b2-!J$?,  椅子 

map /m&p/ n.?-O,  地图 

•15•
 Exercises
1. Write the correct to be verb (is, am, are) in the blanks below. L-5B$(is, am, are) 2!R=-+J-$>3-IA-!R%-

(-i3?-{R%?, 
Singular n%-5B$ 单数 Plural 3%-5B$ 复数

1) I __________ a student. 1) We _______ students.

2) You _______ a student. 2) You ______ students.
3) He ________ a student. 3) They ______ students.
4) She _______ a student 4) They______ students.
5) It _________ a horse. 5) They ______ horses.

2. Write the correct to be verb (is, am, are) in the blanks below. L-5B$(is, am, are) 2!R=-+J-!R%-(-{R%?,

1) I _______a ____________. 2) They ______ t_________.

3) You ________ a ____________. 4) You _______ s__________.

5) Losang ___________ a __________. 6) Beima __________ a ________.

7) Beima and Losang ________ s__________.

3. Read these questions and answer with a partner. PR$?-0R-.%-3*3-.-SA-2-:.A-.$-=-=/-,R2?,

1) Are you a student?

5) Are we students?
_________________________________
2) Is he a student? _________________________________
6) Are you students?
_________________________________
3) Is she a student? _________________________________
7) Are they students?
_________________________________
4) Is that a horse? _________________________________

_________________________________

•16•
4. Do this exercise in pairs. One person asks questions and the other answers. 1/-5/-SA-2-.%-SA?-

=/-:.J2?-0:A-|R-/?-.R%-2-LR?,  与自己的搭档完成下列习题，一个人提问题，另一个人回答。
Are you I am.
he he
Is she she is.
it cold? Yes, it
we you
Are they they are.
you we

5. Answer the questions. SA-2-.$-=-=/-,R2?, 回答下列问题。

1) Is he a king? __________________.
2) Am I a teacher? __________________.

3) Are they students? _______________.

4) Is she a student? __________________.

5) Are you a king? __________________.

6. Write these words. <A-3R<-2v?-/?-$>3-IA-!R%-(-.$-3A%-5B$-$A?-#-{R%-LR?,  看图填空。

s___________. t____________.

h__________. k_____________.

7. Fill in the blanks using pronouns. $>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-=-52-5B$-2!R=-/?-#-{R%-LR?,  用代词填空。

1). _______ am a student. 2) _______ is a student.

3) _______ is a student. 4) _______ is a horse.

5) ________ are teachers. 6) _______ are a teacher.

8. Fill in the blanks using forms of the verbs that are given. $>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-L-5B$-.J-.$-2!R=-/?-

#-{R%-IA?,  用下列动词的真确形式填空。
• speak
1) I ______________ Tibetan. 5) We ____________ Tibetan.
2) You ___________ English. 6) You ____________ English.
3) He ____________ German. 7) They ____________ French.
4) She ____________ Chinese.

• study
1) We _____________ Chinese. 4) She _______________ Tibetan.
2) I _______________ English. 5) They ______________ every day.
3) He ______________ French. 6) You _______________ Tibetan.

• have

1) I ____________ a pen. 4) They _____________ watches.

2) We __________ a good teacher. 5) He _____________ a book.
3) She _________ a horse. 6) It ____________ big eyes.

9. Ask and answer questions with your partner. PR$?-0R-.%-z/-.-$>3-IA-SA-2-SA?-=/-.$-.R%?,  与自己的

搭档问答下列问题。
Do you I
we do.
he he
Does she have…? Yes, she does.
it it
Do I you
they they do.

1) Do you speak Tibetan? Yes, __________________________.

2) Do they have two watches? Yes, _______________________.

3) Do I teach English? _______________________________.

4) Does she have a horse? _______________________________.

5) Does it have big eyes? _______________________________

6) Do you have a pen? _______________________________.

7) Does he study German? _______________________________.

•18•
10. Look at the pictures and learn the sentences below. <A-3R-=-2v?-/?-5B$-:.A-.$-.R%?,  看图学习 

列句子。

chair map blackboard desk clock

book

1) There is a chair in the classroom.

2) There is a map on the wall.
3) There is a blackboard on the wall.
4) There is a map and a blackboard on the wall.
5) There is a desk in the classroom.
6) There is a clock on the desk.
7) There is a book on the desk.

11. Answer the questions. SA-2-.$-=-=/-,R2?, 回答下列问题。

1) Is there a chair in the classroom?__________________________________________.

2) Is there a book on the desk? ____________________________________________.
3) Is there a map on the wall? ____________________________________________.
4) Is there a clock on the desk? ____________________________________________.

•19•
 Lesson Four
aR2-5/-28A-2,  第四课 
New Words
London /'lVnd@n/ n. =/-+/,  伦敦 

only /"@Unli/ adj. +$-+$,  $&A$-0:3-

four /fO:/ num. 28A,  四  #R-/,只, 仅仅, 才

lovely /"lVvli/ adj. ;A.-.-:R%-2,  可爱的， 

有趣的 
child(ren) /tSaIld/, /"tSIldr@n/ n. LA?-

0,(3%-5B$) 孩子(复数)
scientist /"saI@ntIst/ n. 5/-<A$-0, 

          科学家 
hello, hi /h@"l@U/ /haI/ interj GJ, (:2R.-1)
friend /frend/ n. PR$?-0R,  朋
喂, 你好
友 

son /sVn/ n. 2,  儿子  married /"m&rid/ adj. $*J/-21A$?-0, 

from /fr@m; frQm/ vt. /?, =?, :L%-#%?-!R/-             已婚的 

0:A-1  从… 自…

glad /gl&d/ adj..$:-2,  高兴
daughter /"dO:t@/ n. 2-3R,  女孩,

              女儿 
husband /"hVzb@nd/ n. HR-2R,  丈夫 

England /"INgl@nd/ n..LA/-)A,  英国  meet /mi:t/ v. %R-,$-0,  遇见,  相识

year /j3:; jI@/ n. =R, =R-5S.,  年,  年龄      in /In/ prep. /%-,  里 

where /we@/ adj. $%-/?, $%-.,  哪儿

professor /pr@"fes@/ n..$J-c/-(J/-3R,

教授 
•20•
 China /"tSaIn@/ noun N%-$R,  中国 

how /haU/ adv, conj )A-v<, )A-:S,  怎样,如何  apartment /@"pA:tm@nt/ n.

#R.-#%-,  房间 
compare /k@m"pe@/ verb 2#<-2,  比较 
phone (telephone) number  #-0<-A%-P%?,   
rule /ru:l/ noun. 1A$-=3,  规则,  规律 
电话号码 
everyday /"evrideI/ adj. *A/-<J<,  每天 

food /fu:d/ n. 9-3, #-=$,  食物  dog /dQg/ noun. HA,  狗 

bag /b&g/ noun. #$-3,  包,  袋子  storybook /"st O:ribUk/ n. 1%-.0J,  故事书

red/ red/ noun. .3<-0R,  红色  interesting/"Intr@stIN;/ adj. 3R-2-.R.-0,  有趣 

speak /spi:k/ vi. 2>.-0,  说,  讲  的,  令人关注的 

more /mO:/ adv..J-=?-3%-2,  更多,  更  
swim /swIm/ v. (-n=-2,  游泳 
room /ru:m; rUm/ n. #%-2,  房间 
took pictures  :S-0<-]%?-0,  照相 
number /"nVmb@/ vt. P%?-!,  号码 
rice /raIs/ noun. :V?,  米 
mine /maIn/ pron. %:A,  我的 
bowl /b@Ul/ noun. .!<-;R=,  碗 
theirs /De@z/ pron. #R-5S:C,  他们的 
many /"meni/ 3%-0R,  很多 
 
live (live in) /lIv/ vi. #R.-0, (/%-.-#R.-0,) 居

住
usually /"ju:Zu@li; -Z@li/ adj. o/-0<,  通 
jacket /"dZ&kIt/ noun. !R.-H, 
常地,  平常地 
夹克,  短上衣  last /lA:st/ adj. (J?-3,:-3:A,  最终,  最后的 
blue /blu:/ noun. }R/-0R,  蓝色 

very much  >A/-+, @-&%-,  很,  非常,  十分 

together /t@"geD@/ adj. 3*3-.,  一起,  一块儿  apple /"&pl/ noun !->,  苹果 

uncle /"VNkl/ n. A-#,  伯父,  叔父,  舅父,  姑 

丈,  姨丈 

•21•
 Text
Nancy’s Family
This is my friend Nancy. She is from England. Her father is a professor. He is in London. Her
mother is a scientist. She is in London, too.

Nancy is married. Her husband, John, is in China, too. They have two children, a son
and a daughter. Her son is only two years old and her daughter is four. They are lovely children.

Conversation
A. Hello, Tom. !-;J, RR3,  嗨，汤姆。

B. Hi, Betty. !-;J, 0J-,A?,  嗨，贝蒂。

A. This is my sister, Helen. :.A-/A-%:A-YA%-3R-@J-=J/-;A/,  这是我妹妹海伦。

B. Glad to meet you. HJ.-=-%R-,$-0?-@-&%-.$:,  很高兴见到你。

C. Glad to meet you. HJ.-=-%R-,$-0?-@-&%-.$:,  很高兴见到你。 

Drills
(A)
―Is your father in Lhasa?
―No, he isn’t.
―Where is he?
―He’s in Amdo.

a) your sister, Chengdu, Kunming.

b) your husband, Xining, Gannan.
c) Nancy’s father, China, England.
d) Nancy’s children, London, Beijing.
(B)
―Where are you from?
―I’m from Kham.
―Is Zhoma from Kham, too?
―No, she isn’t. She’s from Amdo.

a) Mary, London, husband, Sheffield.

b) your father, Sichuan, mother, Yunnan.
c) Lhamo, Gansu, Beima, Lhasa.
d) Peter, England, Helen, the U.S.A

•22•
 Exercises
1. Read the new words several times. 3A%-5B$-$?<-2-.$-,J%?-:$<-[R$?,  把新单词读几遍。

2. Read the text several times. aR2-5/-.J-,J%?-:$<-[R$?,  把课文读几遍。

3. Answer these question: SA-2-:.A-.$-=-=/-,R2?,  回答问题。 

1) Who is Nancy? _______________________________________________________

2) Where is she from? ____________________________________________________
3) What’s her father? ____________________________________________________
4) Where is he? __________________________________________________________
5) Is her mother a professor? _______________________________________________
6) Where is she? _________________________________________________________
7) Is Nancy married? _________________________________________________
8) Who’s her husband? ___________________________________________________
9) Is John in China? _______________________________________________________________

10) Do they have any children? ______________________________________________________

11) How old are they? ______________________________________________________________
12) Are they lovely?_________________________________________________________________

4. Do the drills. {.-(:A-.%-$8A-.J-=-.R%-2-IA?,  完成练习。

5. Turn the sentences into questions. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-:SA-5B$-+-+<-&A$ 把下列句子变成疑问句。

1) John is Nancy’s husband. Is Nancy's husband John?

2) Nancy is from England.____________________________________________
3) Their daughter is four. _____________________________________________
4) Their children are in China. _________________________________________
5) Nancy’s mother is a scientist. ________________________________________
6) Nancy’s father is a professor. ________________________________________

6. Write questions for the answers. $>3-IA-SA?-=/-.$-=-:SA-5B$-UA?,  根据答案写问题。

1) Who is she? (She is my friend.)

2) ___________________________________? (She’s from England.)
3) ___________________________________? (He’s a professor.)
4) ___________________________________? (He’s in London.)
•23•
 5) ___________________________________? (No, she isn’t. She is a scientist.)
6) ___________________________________? (She's in London, too)
7) ___________________________________? (Yes, she is.)
8) ___________________________________? (John is her husband.)
9) ___________________________________? (Yes, he is.)
10) ___________________________________? (Yes, they do.)
11) ___________________________________? (Their son is two. Their daughter is four.)
12) ___________________________________? (Yes, they are.)

7. Fill in the blanks using pronouns. $>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-=-52-5B$-$A?-#-{R%-IA?,  用代词填空。

he, him, his we, us, our I, me, my they, them, their she, her you,
your

1) _______ speaks Tibetan. I study with ________. This is ______ book.

2) ____ teach Tibetan. You study with ________. ____ name is Tom.

3) _____ is from Qinghai. You know _______. _______ name is Zhoma.

4) _________ live in Xining. You see ______ everyday.You buy ______food.

5) _________ are a student. I study with ______. That is _____ book.

8. Turn the sentences into general questions. 5B$-.J-.$-,A<-2+%-$A-:SA-5B$-+-+<-&A$ 把下列句子变成一

般疑问句。Move is or are to the front of the sentence. If am is in the sentence, begin the question

•24•
 with Are you. is .% are 5B$-$A-3$R<-:)R$-0-.%-$=-+J am 5B$-/%-.-;R.-/-.J:A-:SA-5B$-$A-3$R<Are
you:)R$-.$R?,  把 is 或者 are 移到句前。如果句中有 am，那么问题以 Are you 开始。

1) This is a picture. ________________________________________________________?

2) The girl is a nurse._______________________________________________________?
3) The young man is a technician._____________________________________________?
4) I am an engineer.________________________________________________________?
5) My elder sister is a doctor._________________________________________________?
6) This is a middl school.____________________________________________________?
7) This is my family.________________________________________________________?
8) This is Lesson Three._____________________________________________________?
9) I am from Dege.__________________________________________________________?
10) They are sisters. ________________________________________________________?
11) They are Tibetan. _______________________________________________________?
12) You are a student. _______________________________________________________?

9. Making questions: If the verb ends in s, begin the question with Does. If the verb does not end in s,
begin the question with Do. If the sentence uses has, begin the question with Does and replace has
with have. If the sentence uses have, begin the question with Do and keep have in the question.
Turn the sentences below into questions.  :SA-5B$-+-+<-2, $=-+J-L-5B$-$A-3)$ s ;A?-mR$?-0-;A/-/-:SA-
5B$-$A-3$R< Does ;A/-.$R?, $=-+J-L-5B$-$A-3)$ s ;A?-mR$?-0-3A/-/-:SA-5B$-$A-3$R< Do ;A/-.$R?, $=-+J-5B$-
$A-/%-. has 2!R=-2-;A/-/-:SA-5B$-$A-3$R< Does :)R$--.$R?-0-.% has .Jhave<-2+<-.$R?,$=-+J-5B$-$A-/%-.
have 2!R=-2-;A/-/-:SA-5B$-$A-3$R< Do ;A/-0-.%have .J-v<-28$-(R$ .-/A-$>3-IA-5B$-.J-.$-:SA-5B$-$A-i3-

0<-2+<-&A$, 如果动词的后缀是 s 那么疑问句以 Does 开头。如果动词的后缀不是 s 那么疑

问句以 Do 开头。如果句中有 has 那么疑问句以 Does 开头，把 has 换成 have. 如果疑问句
中有 have 那么疑问句以 Do 开头，而 have 不变。把下列句子变成疑问句。

1) I see your red bag. Do you see my red bag?

2) The girls study English every day. _____________________________________________
3) The boys work hard. ________________________________________________________
4) We come to school at half past seven. __________________________________________

5) I have many books. _________________________________________

6) Peter likes zamba. __________________________________________________________

•25•
 7) They live in Chengdu. _______________________________________________________
8) Losang has two brothers. _____________________________________________________
9) Losang and Dorji speak English. _______________________________________________
10) Beima speaks Tibetan. _______________________________________________________

10. Turn the sentences into questions. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-:SA-5B$-+-+<-&A$ 把下列句子变成疑问句。

1) I see your red bag. Do you____________my___________________________________?

2) The girls study English every day. Do_________________________________________?
3) The boys work hard. ______________________________________________________?
4) We come to school at half past seven. ________________________________________?
5) I have many books. _______________________________________________________?
6) Zhaxi likes zamba. ________________________________________________________?
7) Beima speaks Tibetan. _____________________________________________________?

11. Read the pronouns. 52-5B$-i3?-[R$?->A$ 阅读代词。

Personal Pronouns 3A:A-52-5B$ I you (HR.) he she it we you (HR.-5S) they

Possessive Pronouns    your
2.$-0R:C-52-5B$ my (HR.-GA) his her its our your (HR.-5S:C) their

12. Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns. $>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-;%-.$-0:A-52-5B$-$A?-#-{R%?,  用适

当的代词填空。
1) Where is Nancy? I want to give the clock to __________.
2) I like that book. Please, give it to _________.
3) I can't see Bob. Where is ___.
4) Uncle Dunba is very poor and the King is not good to ________.
5) The food is tasty. I like ____.
6) Mary and Tom like to swim. ______ usually go swimming together.
7) It's Tom's book. Dorji gives _______ to _______.
8) I read those two books. I like ______.
9) Bob took pictures of Mary and [I / me]. We like ________.
10) Mary and I are studying English. ___________like to study English.

•26•
 11) Mary lives in Xining. ___________ likes this city.

12) We asked Tom to give the book to Zhoma but _____ didn't give _____ to _____.

13) I want some more rice. Please bring the bowl to __________.
14) Tom has many books. It's also ________ book.
15) Mary's jacket is the blue one. ______ likes that jacket very much.
16) Tom and I live together and this is ________ apartment.
17) I need to call Dorji and Losang. Could you tell me ________ phone number?
18) Bob and you have a little dog. ______ little dog is very lovely.
19) Mary and I have storybooks, but _______ books are more interesting.
20) We live in the same room and _______ room number is 305

13. Pronouns 52-5B$ 代词。

Person 1st 2nd 3rd M 3rd F 3rd N 1st 2nd 3rd

Subject I you he she it we you they
Object me you him her it us you them
Possessive 1 my your his her its our your their
Possessive 2 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

M = masculine *J?-0,  男性  F = feminine *J?-3, 女性 N = neuter .J-=?-$8/-0:A-.%R?-

0R-,-.$-=-$R,  中性
● After a preposition [to, for, from, with, by] always use the object pronoun. .R<-5B$-&A$[to, for,

from, with, by] $A-eJ?-?-/3-;%-L-2:A-;=-IA-52-5B$-2!R=-2-;A/, 前副词[to, for, from, with, by]后应

用宾语。
● Possessive1: use with a noun. My book, your hat. 2.$-$A-2:A-52-5B$-.%-0R-.J-3A%-5B$-.%-3*3-.-

2!R=-2-;A/,  所有格 1：与名词同用。

● Possessive 2: use alone, to express possession. That book is mine. The last apple is yours. 2.$-
$A-2:A-52-5B$-$*A?-0-.J?-<%-n-2:A-|R-/?-.R/-!R/-/?-0?-$&A$-0-2!R=-(R$ 所有格 2: 单独用。

•27•
 Lesson Five
aR2-5/-s-2,  第五课
New Words

five /faIv/ num. radio /"reIdi@U/ n. 1-#.-:U=-

s,  五 (?,  收音机

these /Di:z/ pron.:.A-.$  这些      thing /TIN/ n..%R?-0R,  东西

we /wi:/ pron. %-5S,  我们

see /si:/ vt. & vi. 3A$-$A?-3,R%-2,  看,  看到, 

book /bUk/ n..0J-(,  书,  书籍, 
看见   
本，册
them /D@m; Dem/ pron. #R-5S,  他们 

very /"veri/ adj. @-&%-,  很,  非常

map /m&p/ n.?-O,  地图
pen /pen/ n. t$?-/$  钢笔   
a lot of 3%-0R,  许多,  很多
well /wel/ n. 29%-0R,  好,  非常,  完全地

and /@nd; @n; &nd/ conj..%-, .-<%-,  和,  与, 

及 
pencil /"pensl/ n. 8-/$
thank /T&Nk/ n.,$?-eJ-(J,  谢谢,  感谢   
铅笔 
fine /faIn/ adj. 29%- 0R,  健康愉快的,  美好的, 
优秀的
 

•28•
 Text
What Are in These Pictures?
Look at these pictures. We see a lot of things in them. This is a pen and this is a pencil. This is a
clock and that is a watch. What do you see in the other four pictures? We see a map, a picture, a
radio and four books in them.

Conversation
A. How are you?    HJ.-2.J-3R,  你好吗？
B. Very well, thank you. And you?  2.J-3R-;A/, ,$?-eJ-(J, HJ.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3,  很好，谢谢，你呢？ 
A. Fine. Thank you.    2.J-3R-;A/, ,$?-eJ-(J,  很好，谢谢。 

Drills
(A)
―Is this a pen?
―Yes, it is.
―Is this a pen, too?
―No, it isn’t. It’s a pencil.

a) a clock, a watch. c) a radio, a book.

b) a picture, a map. d) your book, her book.

(B)
―Is this Mary?
―No, she isn’t.
―Who is she?
―She is Nancy.

a) Peter, he, Tom c) Rose, she, Helen

b) Mr. Lee, he, Mr. Smith d) Miss White, she, Mrs. Green

•29•
 Exercises
1. Read the new words several times.
2. Read the text several times.
3. Answer these questions:
1) What do you see in this picture? I see a pen in it.
2) Is this a pen, too? _________________________________________________
3) What’s this? _____________________________________________________
4) Is that a clock, too? _______________________________________________
5) Is this a picture? __________________________________________________
6) Is that a picture, too? ______________________________________________
7) What do you see in this picture? _____________________________________
8) Is that a radio, too? ________________________________________________
9) Are these books, too? ______________________________________________

10) How many books do you see in this picture? _________________

____________________________________________
11) Do you see a lot of things in these pictures? _____________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these sentences into questions.

1) This is my younger brother. Is this your younger brother?
2) That girl is Mary’s elder sister. ___________________________________________________
3) They are Mr. Green’s children. ___________________________________________________
4) These two boys are college students. _______________________________________________
5) This is my watch. ______________________________________________________________
6) That is Jane’s radio. ____________________________________________________________
7) These are Zhaxi’s books. _______________________________________________________
8) These young men are Tom’s friends._______________________________________________
9) This is my mother. _____________________________________________________________
10) They are from my school. ______________________________________________________
11) These two girls are students. ____________________________________________________

•30•
6. Fill in the blanks with pronouns: ($>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-52-5B$-$A?-#-{R%?,) 用适当的代词填空。

1) __ sister is a nurse. __ husband is a doctor.

2) __brother is an engineer. __ wife is a technician.

3) Are ___ a teacher? Are they ____ students?

4) ___ are my friends. ___ children are my students.

5) These are __ children. __ are school-boys.Is this ___ book? What’s __ name?Are these

books? No, ____ are not __ books but Jane’s books.

7. Talk about the pictures: (<A-3R<-2v?-/?-{.-(->R.,) 看图说英语。

1) Who is this woman? She’s Helen.

2) What is she?_____________________________________________________

3) Is that woman a nurse, too?_________________________________________

4) What’s her name?________________________________________________

5) Who is this young man?____________________________________________

6) What is he?_____________________________________________________

7) Is the other man a worker?__________________________________________

8) What’s his name?_________________________________________________

•31•
 Lesson Six
aR2-5/-S$-0,  第六课 
New Words
seventeen /%sevn"ti:n/ num. 2&-2./,   

十七

six /sIks/ num. S$ 六
people /"pi:pl/ n. 3A(3%-5B$) 人
both /b@UT/ a. $*A?-! 两者,双方, 俩
(复数)
live /lIv/ vi. #R.-0,  居住 eighteen /%eI"ti:n/ num. 2&R-2o.,  十八

twenty /"twenti/ num. *A->,  二十 those /D@Uz/.J-5S, .J-.$ 那些

room /ru:m; rUm/ n. #%-2,  房间 year /j3:; jI@/ n. =R, =R-5S., 年, 年龄

come /kVm/ vi.;R%-, ,R/-0,  来,  到达

all /O:l/ a. & ad. 5%-3,  全部,  总的 Japanese /%dZ&p@'ni:z/ n.

new /nju:/ a. $?<-2,  新的 n :)<-1/--{., :)<-1/-0,  日语,  日本人 

Chinese /%tSai'ni:z/ o-;A$ o-{., o-3A,  汉语  old /@Uld/ a. c/-0,  年老的 

中国人   

Text
The Girls
Four girls live in this room. Two of them study English. The other two study Tibetan. They are
all very young.
Zhoma is a new student. She is seventeen. She studies English. Yangzom is a new student, too, but
she studies Tibetan. She is eighteen this year. Dekey and Lhamo are old students. They are both twenty.
One studies Tibetan and the other studies English.

Conversation
A. Come and meet my friend. This is Mrs. Lake. This is Miss Zhoma.
B. How do you do, Mrs. Lake?
C. How do you do, Miss Zhoma?

A. 5<->R$-.%-%:A-PR$?-0R-=-%R-3R.-LJ., :.A-/A-t3-3R-=J-#A-.%-:.A-/A-2-3R-1R=-3-;A/, 

B. t3-3R-=J-#A-=$?, HJ.-2.J-3R, 

C. 1R=-3-=$?, HJ.-2.J-3R,   
•32•
A. 过来见我的朋友。这位是赖克太太，这位是卓玛小姐。
B. 你好，赖克太太！
C. 你好，卓玛小姐！

Drills
(A)
—Do you speak English?
—Yes, we do.
—Do they speak English?
—No, they don’t. They speak German.

a) The boys, the girls, Tibetan.

b) These people, those people, Japanese.
c) The Smiths, the Michaels, French.
d) The teachers, the school-boys, Chinese.
(B)
—Do you have a pen?
—Yes, I do.
—Does Tom have a pen?
—No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t have a pen.

a) You, radio, Helen

b) They, a daughter, Mr. Brown
c) The girls, a picture-book, boy
d) The Johnsons, a new clock, Nancy

Exercises
1. Read the new words several times.3A%-5B$-$?<-2-.$-,J%?-:$<-[R$?, 

2. Read the text several times. aR2-5/-.J-,J%?-:$<-[R$?,  把课文读几遍。

3. Answer these questions. 
1) Who live in this room? ___________________________________________________.
2) What do they study? _____________________________________________________.
3) What do the other two study? ______________________________________________.
4) Are the girls very young? ________________________________________________.
5) Who is Zhoma? ________________________________________________________.
6) Is she a new student? _____________________________________________________.
7) How old is she? _________________________________________________________.
8) What does she study? _____________________________________________________.
9) Does Yangdzom study English, too? _________________________________________.
10) How old is Yangdzom?________________________ ___________________________.
•33•
 11) Are Dekey and Lhamo new students?________________________________________.
12) How old are they?_________________________________ ______________________.
13) What do they study? _____________________________________________________.

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these sentences into questions.

1) These are Helen’s books. (Whose books are these?)
2) Henry has a new radio.________________________________________________
3) I see an old man in the picture. ________________________________________________
4) Jane has a pen in her hand. ________________________________________________
5) My elder child is six. ________________________________________________
6) My mother is very well. ________________________________________________
7) The boys live in Room 214. ________________________________________________
8) Nancy comes from England. ________________________________________________

6. Fill in the blanks with me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.
1) I’m glad to meet ___.
2) I don’t see ___ in the room. Where is he?
3) We all like ___. It is a good book.
4) Come and see ___ this evening.
5) Three of ___ study German. They don’t study English.
6) Thank ___ . All of ___ work hard.
7) Both of ___ like the picture.
8) My friend Mary is here. Come and meet ___.

7. Learn these sentences.

(A)
• I am a Tibetan.
• You are a Tibetan.
• She (He) is a Tibetan.
• We are Tibetan.
• You are Tibetan.
• They are Tibetan.
(B)
• I study English.
• You study English.
• He (She) studies English.
• We study English.
•34•
 • You study English.
• They study English.

8. Write questions for the answers. 

1) Who live in this room? (Four girls live in this room.)

2) ________________________________________________? (Two of them study English.)

3) ________________________________________________? (They study Tibetan.)

4) ___________________________________________young? (Yes, they are.)

5) ________________________________________________? (She is one of the girls.)

6) ___________________________________new___________________? (Yes, she is.)

7) _____________________________________________________? (She is seventeen.)

8) ___________________________________________________? (She studies English.)

9) _____________________________________? (No, she doesn’t. She studies Tibetan.)

10) ____________________________________________? (She is eighteen this year.)

11) _________________________________________? (No, they aren't. They are old students.)

12) ____________________________________________? (They are both twenty.)

13) ______________________________________________? (One of them studies Tibetan and

the other studies English.)

9. Turn these sentences into questions that begin with a wh- word. The wh- words are where, what,
who, where, when, why, which.

1) John is Nancy’s husband. Who is John?

2) Nancy is from England. ______________________________________________?
3) Their daughter is four. _______________________________________________?
4) Their children are in China. ___________________________________________?
5) Nancy's mother is a scientist. _________________________________________?
6) Nancy's father is a professor. ___________________________________________?
7) The students are Tibetan. ______________________________________________?

•35•
 Lesson Seven
aR2-5/-2./-0,  第七课
New Words
seven /"sevn/ num. 2./,  七  
get along :VJ=-:SA?,  与(某人)保持良好 America /@"merIk@/ noun. A-3J-<A-! 

关系 A-<A,  美国
American /@"merIk@n/ n. A-3J-<A-!-2, A-<A-2, 
Central Nationalities University vJ-$/?-3A-<A$?-
美国人   
help /help/ vt. & vi. <R$?-<3,  帮助 aR2-9-(J/-3R,  中央民族大学
university /%ju:nI"v3:s@ti/ n. aR2-9-(J/-3R,    why /waI/ ad. &A:A-KA<,  为什么

大学   with /wID; wIT/ prep. 3*3-.,  和(一起), 同,

each other 1/-5/,  互相 
跟; (某物)旁边
major (in) /"meIdZ@/ vi. (J.-.R%-, (J.-$*J<-2a2- because /bI"kQz/ conj. o-35/-IA?, nJ/-IA?,  因

L, 专业 为
different /"dIfr@nt/ a. 3A-:S-2,  不同的 
learn /l3:n/ vi. aR2-.R%-,  学习 
or /O:/ conj.;%-/,  或 
art /A:t/ noun. +-l=,  艺术

history /"hIstri/ n. =R-o?,  历史
city /"sIti/ n. PR%-HJ<,  城市 
excuse /Ik"skju:s/ vt. .$R%?-0-3-:5S3,  原
translate /tr&nz"leIt/ vt.;A$-2+<,  翻译
谅
interested /"Intr@stId/ a.3R-$%-.R.-0R,  感兴  alternative /O:l"t3:n@tIv/ adj. $.3-%-2+%-(R$-0:A, 

趣的 可选择的 
name /neIm/ vt. 3A%-,  名字 

subject /"sVbdZIkt/ a. 2a2-L,  学科,  科目 

guitar /gI"tA:/ noun. 1-~/,     
nine /naIn/ num..$,  九 
  0A-7%-,吉他
cousin /"kVzn/ noun. 1-%/, 3-YA%-, (1-3-3A%-YA%-
$A-LA?-0,)堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹
•36•
 sorry (I'm sorry.) /"sQri/ a. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?,

对不起
Australia /O'streili@/ n. AR-?A-O-<A-=A-;, 
welcome /"welk@m/ vt..$:-2?-8,  欢迎
澳大利亚
nice (Nice to meet you.) /naIs/ a. 29%-2, ;$- nephew /"nefju:; "nevju:/ noun. 5-2R,  侄子,外
0R,(HR.-.%-3)=-2-29%-,) 令人愉快的, 令 甥
niece /ni:s/ noun. 5-3R,  侄女,  甥女
人高兴的,(见到你高兴)
aunt /A:nt/ n. A-/J,  姑母,姨母,伯母,婶母,

舅母

John Turner
John Turner is an American. He comes from Boston and studies at our university. He majors in
Chinese history. He is very interested in this subject.
He lives in Room 309 with two other boys. They are all Americans, but they come from different
cities. They get along well. They help each other and learn from each other.

Conversation
A. Excuse me. Is your name Paul Roberts?
B. Yes. it is.
A. Oh good! I’m Sally Jones. How do you do?
B. How do you do?

A. .$R%?-0-3-:5S3, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-1R=-<-0J<-5A-9J<-<3, 

B. 9J<-=$?, 

A. @-&%-29%-$A, %-<%-?-=A?-)R/-?A-;A/, HJ.-2.J-3R, 

B. HJ.-2.J-3R, 

A. 请问，您的名字叫罗伯茨吗？
B. 是的。
A. 哦，您好！我是萨莉。
B. 你好！

Drills
(A)
—Do you have any brothers?
—Yes, I do.
—How many brothers do you have?
—I have two.

a) sisters, two.
b) English books, five
•37•
 c) pictures, six
d) picture-books, nine
(B)
—Does Helen live here?
—No, she doesn’t.
—Where does she live?
—She lives in Room 204.

a) your sister, work, in a middle school.

b) Mary, study, in Tibet University.
c) Professor Zhaxi, work, in Central Nationalities University.
d) Peter, come from England, America.

Exercises
1. Read the new words several times.
2. Read the text several times.
3. Answer these questions:
1) Who is John Turner? (He is an American student.)
2) Where does he come from? _______________________________________________
3) Where does he study? ____________________________________________________
4) What does he major in? __________________________________________________
5) Why does he study it? ____________________________________________________
6) Where does he live? _____________________________________________________
7) How many students live in this room? _______________________________________
8) Are the other two Americans, too? __________________________________________
9) Do they come from Boston? _______________________________________________
10) How do they get along (with each other)?____________________________________
11) Do they help each other?_________________________________________________
12) They learn from each other too, don’t they? __________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Complete the sentences with the words given below. ($>3-$?=-3A%-5B$-.$-2!R=-/?-5B$-b%-(-5%-.-

$+R%-.$R?,) 用括号里的词完成下列句子。

1) What’s this (that)? It’s a__________. (clock, ...)

2) What are these (those)? They’re_______. (clocks, ...)
3) What does he do? He’s a (an)_______. (teacher, ...)
4) What do they do (are they)? They’re________. (workers, ...)

•38•
6. Form alternative questions. $>3-IA-5B$-:.A-.$-$.3-%-&/-.-P2-0:A-:SA-5A$-+-+<-&A$

1) Mr. Brown, be, an engineer, a technician. Is Mr. Brown an engineer or a technician?

2) My child, be, a boy, a girl. ________________________________________________
3) Those young women, be, teachers, students. __________________________________
4) The Greens, be, from England, America._____________________________________
5) Helen, have, son, daughter. _______________________________________________
6) Caireng, come from, Amdo, Kham. _________________________________________
7) I, work in Qinghai University, Beijing University ______________________________
8) The girls, live in, this room, that room. _______________________________________

7. Read aloud.
—Are you from China?
—Yes, I am. Where are you from?
—I’m from France. From Paris. Do you speak French?
—I can only speak a few words, but I like French. I want to learn it.
—Let me help you. You can teach me Tibetan.
—We can help each other.

8. Copy Exercise 7 and translate it into Tibetan.

9. Turn the sentences into alternative questions using or.

Example: Do you play basketball or football? Are they English students or math students?
1) Mr. Brown, be, an engineer, a technician
__________________________________________________________________________?
2) My child, be, a boy, a girl
__________________________________________________________________________?
3) The Greens, be, from England, America
__________________________________________________________________________?
4) Those young women, be, teachers, students
__________________________________________________________________________?
5) Helen, have, son, daughter
__________________________________________________________________________?
6) Caireng, come from, Amdo, Kham
__________________________________________________________________________?
7) Zhaxi, play, piano, guitar
__________________________________________________________________________?
8) Zhoma and Huamo, live, room 5102, 5201
__________________________________________________________________________?
•39•
 9) Professor Losang, teach at Fudan University, Chengdu University
__________________________________________________________________________?
10) I, study, art, history
__________________________________________________________________________?
11) Dorji, have, morning classes, afternoon classes
__________________________________________________________________________?

11. Read the conversation and answer the questions.

Tsultrim: Hey, Chomtso, how many people are in your family?

Chomtso: There are five people in my family.
Tsultrim: How many brothers do you have?
Chomtso: I have one younger brother.
Tsultrim: And how many sisters do you have?
Chomtso: I have one older sister.

A) Answer these questions.

1) How many people are there in Chomtso's family? _________________________________
2) How many brothers does Chomtso have? ________________________________________
3) How many sons does Chomtso's mother have? ____________________________________
4) How many daughters does Chomtso's father have? _________________________________
5) How many sisters does Chomtso have? __________________________________________
6) How many children does Chomtso have? ________________________________________
Zhaxi: Do you know who this is?
Rinchen: No, I don’t know. Who is that?
Zhaxi: This is Norbu. He is my uncle’s son. We are cousins.
Rinchen: I see. How many cousins do you have?
Zhaxi: I have three cousins. Two are boys and one is a girl.
Rinchen: What are their names?
Zhaxi: Their names are Norbu, Metok, and Caireng.
Rinchen: Hey, I think I know Metok. Is she in Grade Three, Class Two?
Zhaxi: Yes, she is.
Rinchen: We are classmates!

B) Answer these questions.

1) Who are cousins? _________________________________________________
2) Who is Norbu? ___________________________________________________
3) Who are cousins? _________________________________________________
4) How many cousins does Zhaxi have? __________________________________
5) Who are Metok and Caireng? ________________________________________
6) Who are classmates? ______________________________________________
•40•
 7) Who is Rinchen's classmate? _________________________________________
8) Who is Metok's classmate? __________________________________________

Yontan: Excuse me, I don’t know you. What are your names?
Peter: My name is Peter and this is Helen. We are students.
Yontan: Are you brother and sister?
Helen: No, we are not. Peter is English, and I am from Australia.
Yontan: Oh, my aunt lives in Australia. Her name is Somu. Do you know her?
Helen: No, I don’t.
Peter: Excuse me, what is your name?
Yontan: Oh, I’m sorry, my name is Yontan.
Peter: It’s nice to meet you.
Yontan: Nice to meet you, too! Welcome to our school!

C) Answer these questions.

1) Who is Peter? ___________________________________________________
2) Who is Helen?___________________________________________________
3) Who is English?__________________________________________________
4) Who is Australian?________________________________________________
5) Where does Somu live?____________________________________________
6) Who is Yontan?__________________________________________________
7) How many aunts do you have?______________________________________
8) How many uncles do you have?_____________________________________
9) How many cousins do you have?____________________________________
10) Who is your mother’s sister? _______________________________________
11) Who is your father's brother?________________________________________
12) Who is your father's son?___________________________________________
13) Who is your mother's daughter?_____________________________________
14) Who is your son's father?___________________________________________
15) Who is your mother's sister's daughter?_______________________________
16) Who is your father's brother's daughter?_______________________________
17) Who is your mother's mother?_______________________________________
18) Who is your father's mother?________________________________________
19) Who is your mother's brother's daughter?______________________________
20) Who is your brother's son?__________________________________________
21) Who is your sister's son?___________________________________________
22) Who is your brother's daughter?_____________________________________
23) Who is your sister's daughter?_______________________________________

•41•
12. Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun. $>3-IA-!R%-(-i3?-=-;%-.$-0:A-2.$-1:A-52-
5B$-{R%?, 用代词的所有格形式填空。

a. This is _____ classmate. (I) b. Welcome to _____ school!(we)

c. What are _______ names? (they) d. Are you _______ cousin? (he)
e. Who is _______ mother? (you) f. Is that ______ pencil? (she)

13. Do the crossword puzzle. $>3-IA-3A%-5B$-$A-3..-o-.J-PR=-2<-.R%-2-LR?, z做拼字游戏。

1 2 3

6 7

9 10

11

12

13

Across: 1. My brother's son is my n_____. 13. She is my father's brother's daughter.

5. She is my father's daughter. She is my
s___.
6. He is my mother's father.
8. She is my father's father.
9. My father's brother is my u___.
12. My mother is my father's w____.
She is my c____.
Down: 2. My father is my mother's h____.
3. I am the son of my m___.
4. He is my father's son. He is my b___.
7. I am the son of my f____.
10. My brother's daughter is my n___.
11. My father's sister is my a___.

•42•
 Lesson Eight
aR2-5/-2o.-0,  第八课
New Words
eight /eIt/ num. 2o.,  八 quarter /"kwO:t@/ n. {<-3-2&R-s,  一刻钟 

may /meI/ v. (R$-0,  可能,也许,可以,准许

class /klA:s/ n. aR2-OA., :6B/-9, 
past /pA:st/ a. & n. :.?-0,  过去的, 超过
(一节)课,班级  
get up 3=-=?-=%?-0,  起床 which /wItS/ pron. $%-8A$ 哪一个

day /deI/ n. *A/, *A-3, 一日, 一天 ,白天

lunch /lVntS/ n. $%-5B$?, SR?-),  午

home /h@Um/ n. & ad.;=, HA 家  餐

every /"evri/ a. <J-<J,  每个 then /Den/ ad. eJ?-?,   .J-/?,  然后

for /f@; fO:/ prep. (J.-., KA<-.,为,为了 over there 1-$A-/,  那边

go /g@U/ vi.:PR,  走

to /t@; tu:; tu; tu:/ prep. =, (=-.R/-IA-1,)

breakfast /"brekf@st/ n. /%?-), 
往,向,到
早餐 time /taIm/ n..?-5S.,  时间 

no /n@U/ 3J., (.$$-1,) 不, 无 school /sku:l/ n. aR2-9,  学校

Text
Mary
Mary gets up at six every day. She has breakfast at a quarter past six and then goes to school.
She has three or four classes. Then she comes home for lunch. She has no classes in the
afternoon. She studies at home.

Conversation
A. Excuse me. Are you Mr. Brown?
B. No. I’m Peter Jackson. May I help you?
A. Which is Mr. Brown’s room?
•43•
B. It’s over there.
A. Thank you.
B. You’re welcome.

A. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, HJ.-<%-{-82?-0A-<R/-;A/-/3, 
B. 3A/, %:A-3A%-=-1J-,J<-)J-#J-?/-9J<, HJ.-=-L-2-&A-8A$-;R., 
A. {-82?-0A-<R/-IA-#%-2-$%-<J.,
B. 1-$A:A-.J-<J., 
A. ,$?-eJ-(J, 
B. .J-:S-LJ.-3A-.$R?, 

A. 请问，你是布郎先生吗？
B. 不，我是彼得 · 杰克森。我能帮你什么吗？
A. 布郎先生的房间是哪一个？
B. 就在那边。
A. 谢谢你。
B. 不客气。

Drills
(A)
—Do you like your work?
—Yes, I do.
—Does Jack like his work?
—No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t like his work.

a) study English, Nancy.

b) have lunch at school, Paul
c) have classes in the afternoon, Sarah
d) get up at six, your younger brother
(B)
—Does Mary get up at six?
—Yes, she does.
—What time do you get up?
—I get up at five.

a) go to school in the morning, at eight o'clock

b) have breakfast at a quarter past six, at seven
c) go to school at seven, at a quarter past seven
d) come home in the morning, in the afternoon at three o'clock

Exercises
1. Read the new words several times.
2. Read the text several times.
•44•
 3. Answer these questions:

1) What time does Mary get up? She gets up at six.

2) Does she have breakfast at home?____________________________________________
3) What time does she have it?_________________________________________________
4) What does she do then? ____________________________________________________
5) How many classes does she have every day?_____________________________________
6) Does she have all the classes in the morning?_____________________________________
7) Does she have classes in the afternoon? _________________________________________
8) Does she have lunch at school or at home?_______________________________________
9) Does she go to school in the afternoon?_________________________________________
10) What does she do in the afternoon?___________________________________________
11) Where does she study in the afternoon?________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these sentences into questions:

1) She majors in French. What does she major in?
2) Joe lives in Room 309._____________________________________________________
3) She is interested in English history.___________________________________________
4) We get along with each other very well._______________________________________
5) Mrs. Lake teaches at Boston University.________________________________________
6) Helen helps me in my English study.___________________________________________
7) Miss White goes to work at eight._____________________________________________
8) This is Dr. Jackson’s room.__________________________________________________

6. Complete the sentences with the words given below

1) Do you have a ___? (pen, radio, clock, a map of China)
2) Does Peter have any ____? (pencils, picture-books, English books, Chinese friends)
3) I don’t have a ____. (good radio, new watch, map of England, son)
4) Nancy has no ___. (pictures, pens, French books, Japanese friends)

7. Read these sentences:

• I know English. • You know English.
• You know English. • They know English.
• She knows English. • Do I know English?
• We know English. • Do you know English?
•45•
• Does he know English?
• Does she know English?
• Do we know English?
• Do you know English?
• Do they know English?
• I don’t know English.
• You don’t know English.
• He doesn’t know English.
• She doesn’t know English.
• We don't know English.
• You don’t know English.
• They don’t know English.

8. Learn this song: Good Morning To You. / Happy Birthday to you).

•46•
 Lesson Nine
aR2-5/-.$-2,  第九课 
New Words
classroom /"klA:sru:m; -rUm/ n. aR2-#%-,                                                   

教室 
blackboard /"bl&kbO:d/ n.
small /smO:l/ a. (%-(%-,  小的
|R-?3, /$-0%-,黑板
but /b@t; bVt/ conj.:R/-G%-,  但是,可是

clean /kli:n/ a. $4%-3,  干净的

wall /wO:l/ n. I%-,  墙
tidy /"taIdi/ a. P=-:PA$-0R, P=-.$,  整洁
please /pli:z/ vi. $/%-.$R?, 8,  请
整整齐齐

desk /desk/ n. &R$-4K,  桌子 right /raIt/ a.;%-.$-0,  正确的

on /Qn/ prep. & ad.!J%-/,  在…上 will /wIl/ aux. (LJ.)o, (PR$?-5B$) 将, 将要,

会, 要,
again /@"gen; @"geIn/ ad.;%-2*<,  再一次,
chair /tSe@/ n. b2-!J$?,  椅子
又,再三地
eleven /I"levn/ num. 2&-$&A$ 十一 ten /ten/ num. 2&,  十

twelve /twelv/ num. 2&-$*A?,  十二 thirty /"T3:ti/ num.?3-&,  三十

twenty /"twenti/ num. *A->,  二十 any /"eni/ a. & pron.:$:-8A$ 任何一个,无

论哪个

Text
Our Classroom

This is our classroom. It is very small, but it is clean and tidy.

This is a desk. There is a clock and a book on it. There are four chairs in the room. And there is a
blackboard on the wall. On these two walls there are some pictures and a map of China.
I like our classroom.

•47•
 Conversation

A. This is Room 619, isn’t it?

B. Yes, it is. Come in, please.
A. May I see Mr. Tenzen?
B. Sorry, he isn’t in.
A. That’s all right. I’ll come again this afternoon.

A. #%-2-:.A-A%619;A/-/3,              A. 这是 619 号房间吗？

B. <J., /%-=-1J2?-0<-8,              . B 是的，请进

A. %?-{-82?-2!/-:6B/-:5S=-2-;A/,      A. 我可以见旦增先生吗？

B. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?, #R-<%-3A-:.$ B. 对不起，他不在。

A. *R/-3J., %-<%-KA-SR<-a<-;%-;R%-(R$ A. 没关系，我今天下午再来。

Drills
(A)
—Is there a clock on the desk?
—Yes, there is. There is a clock on the desk.
—Is there a radio on the desk?
—No, there isn’t. There isn’t a radio on the desk.

a) a book, desk, a pen

b) a blackboard, wall, a clock
c) picture book, chair, a watch
d) a map of China, wall, a map of America

(B)
—Are there any chairs in the room?
—Yes, there are.
—How many chairs are there in the room?
—There are ten chairs in the room.

a) desks, in the room, eleven c) pictures, on the wall, twenty

b) books, on the desk, twelve d) boys, in the class, thirty
•48•
 Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Is this a classroom? Yes, it is.

2) Whose classroom is this? ______________________________________________________
3) Is the room big? _____________________________________________________________
4) Is it clean and tidy? ___________________________________________________________
5) Is there a desk in the room? _____________________________________________________
6) What’s on the desk? ___________________________________________________________
7) Are there any chairs in the room? _________________________________________________
8) How many chairs are there in the room? ____________________________________________
9) Is there a blackboard in the room? _________________________________________________
10) Where is it? __________________________________________________________________
11) What do you see on the blackboard? ______________________________________________
12) Are there any pictures on the wall? _______________________________________________
13) What’s on this wall? ___________________________________________________________
14) Do you like your classroom? ____________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into tag questions. SA-2-3,:-29%-$A-5B$-+-+<-&A$ 把下列句子转换成附加疑问句。

1) This is your book. (This is your book, isn’t it?)

2) That school is very small. ___________________________________________________
3) They are Nancy’s children. __________________________________________________
4) You’re from Boston. ________________________________________________________
5) Miss Thomson lives in Room 104. ______________________________________________
6) You study Japanese. _________________________________________________________
7) There is a clock on the wall. ___________________________________________________
8) There are twenty-one new words in this lesson. _____________________________________

6. Read aloud:
(A)
• one • five • nine
• two • six • ten
• three • seven • eleven
• four • eight • twelve
• thirteen • nineteen • twenty-five
• fourteen • twenty • twenty-six
• fifteen • twenty-one • twenty-seven
• sixteen • twenty-two • twenty-eight
• seventeen • twenty-three • twenty-nine
• eighteen • twenty-four • thirty

(B)
1) 2 and 7 are 9. 3) 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 are 10.
2) 7 and 5 are 12. 4) 2 from 13 is 11.

7. Look and answer. <A-3R<-2v?-/?-=/-,R2?,  看图回答问题。

—What time is it?

—It’s ______________.
9) It’s twenty-five past nine. (It’s nine
1) It’s twelve o’clock. twenty-five).
2) It’s five past twelve. (It’s twelve five). 10) It’s a quarter past eleven. (It’s eleven
3) It’s five to two. (It’s one fifty-five). fifteen).
4) It’s twenty past seven. (It’s seven 11) It’s ten past five. (It’s five ten).
twenty). 12) It’s twenty-five to three. (It’s two
5) It’s a quarter to four. (It’s three thirty-five).
forty-five).
6) It’s half past four. (It’s four thirty).
7) It’s twenty to eleven. (It’s ten forty).
8) It’s ten to seven. (It’s six fifty).

•50•
8. Turn these sentences into tag questions. The first one has been done for you. 把下列句子转换
附加疑问句。  .0J<-2eR.-v<-$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-SA-2-3,:-29%-$A-i3-0<-2+<-.$R?,

1) It's nine o'clock. It's nine o'clock, isn't it?

2) The lights are off. _________________________________________________________?
3) There are three boys in the front row.___________________________________________?
4) The tall boy is from Lhasa. ___________________________________________________?
5) Tenzin sits in the first row._________________________________________________?
6) Mary and Tom speak English._______________________________________________?
7) Losang and Zhoma come from Ganzi._________________________________________?
8) Today isn't Friday._________________________________________________________?
9) Lily walks to work.________________________________________________________?
10) Jake takes the bus home at 5:00. _____________________________________________?
11) Dorji doesn't speak English._________________________________________________?
12) The lights aren't on.________________________________________________________?
13) Dorji and Beima don't study English on Thursdays._______________________________?
14) Caireng can't go to the party. _________________________________________________?
15) We can ask the teacher. _____________________________________________________?
16) The blackboard isn't clean. ___________________________________________________?

9. Learn these phonetic symbols. 1-$.%?-:.A-.$-=-.R%-2-LR?,  学习语音符号。

that glad thank man

/&/ blackboard family map Japanese
married Sarah
pen pencil well text
/e/ lesson friend very seven
eleven twenty
this is six drill
/i/ which history different middle
picture interested
not what watch clock
/O/ comrade doctor college sorry
along Thomson
but son come lunch
/V/ study mother London lovely
subject other

•51•
 Lesson Ten
aR2-5/-2&-2,  第十课
New Words
bed /%bi: "ed/ n. 3=-OA,  床

anyone /"eniwVn/ pron. 3A-8A$ 3A-$%-<%-8A$,   

hospital /"hQspItl/ n. (/-#%-, 
医院
second /"sek@nd/ num. $*A?-0,  第二
任何人,无论谁
half /hA:f/ a. & n. KJ.-! 半, 一半
know /n@U/ n. %R->J?, >J?-0,  知道,认识

often /"Qfn; "Qft@n/ ad. o/-0<,  经常 

building /"bIldIN/ adj.
take a seat 28$?,  请坐,坐下
#%-2lJ$?, ,R$-#%-,  楼房 
a cup of (2+%-L:A-<A$?) )-1R<-$%-,  一杯
number /"nVmb@/ vt. A%-g$?, A%-P%?,号码

another /@"nVD@/ a. & pron. $8/-8A$ 另一个

unite /ju:"naIt/ vi. 3*3-:VJ=,  联合 

tea ),  茶
state /steIt/ n. #=, NA$ 州 邦
about /@"baUt/ ad.,.-GA, :VJ=-;R.,  关于
thanks /T&Nks/ vt.,$?-eJ-(J,  谢谢,感谢

much /mVtS/ a. & ad. @-&%-3%-0R, :2R<-(J/,  许

floor /flO:/ n. 2lJ$?-<A3, 3,A=->A%-,   
多  大量
(楼房)的层 地板
recording /rI"kO:dIN/ noun. 1-=J/, 1-12,  录
smoke /sm@Uk/ vi. & vt..-2, .-

2-:K<-2,  烟,冒烟

Text
Mary Cooper
This is Mary. She’s from England. Her family name is Cooper. She’s nineteen.
Her father’s a doctor. His name is Henry Cooper. He works in a hospital in London. Mrs. Cooper
works there, too. She’s a nurse.
Mary is now in China. She studies at Beijing University. She studies Chinese. She’s now in her
second year. She lives in that building. Her room number is 204. She lives with another girl. Her
name is Betty Brown. She is from the United States. She studies Chinese, too.
The two girls are good friends. They both like China. I know them very well. We often help each
other.

•52•
 Conversation
A. Good evening.
B. Good evening, Mr. Lake. Come in, please. Take a seat and have a cup of tea.
A. Thank you very much.
B. Do you smoke?
A. No, thanks. Your room is nice and tidy.
B. Thank you.

A. 35/-2.J-=$?, Y?-3R-2.J-*A.,

B. 35/-3R<-29%-, {-82?-=J-#, /%-=-1J2?-0<-8, :.A<-28$?-+J-)-,%?, 
A. ,$?-eJ-(J,

B. HJ.-GA?-,-3$-:,J/-/3,

A. ,$?-eJ-(J, %?-3A-:,J/, HJ.-GA-#%-0-$4%-8A%-P=-.$-<J., 

B. ,$?-eJ-(J, 

A. 晚上好！
B. 晚上好，赖克先生！请进。坐下来喝杯茶。
A. 非常感谢！
B. 你抽烟吗？
A. 不，谢谢. 你的房间又漂亮又整洁。
B. 谢谢.

Drills
(A)
—Which class are you in?
—I’m in Class Five.
—What’s your room number?
—It’s 406.

a) Helen, 6, 317
b) David, 2, 223
c) Tom and Jake, 11, 109
d) those two girls, 12, 540
(B)
—What time do you get up?
—I get up at 5:30.
—Does Sally get up at 5:30, too?
—No, she gets up at 5.

a) have breakfast, 7, 7:20

b) go to work, 7:40, 8:15
c) come home, 5:45, 6:10
d) go to bed, 10:30, 10:50

•53•
 Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What is the text about? (It’s about a girl.)
2) What’s her name? _________________________________________________
3) Is Cooper her family name? ____________________________________________
4) How old is she? _____________________________________________________
5) What does her father do? ______________________________________________
6) What’s his name? ___________________________________________________
7) Where does he work? _________________________________________________
8) Does his wife work there, too? __________________________________________
9) What does she do? ___________________________________________________
10) Where is Mary? _____________________________________________________
11) Where does she study? ________________________________________________
12) What does she study? _________________________________________________
13) Is she a new student? _________________________________________________
14) Where does she live? _________________________________________________
15) What’s her room number? _____________________________________________
16) Does anyone live with her? ____________________________________________
17) Is she from England, too? ______________________________________________
18) The two girls are good friends, aren’t they? ________________________________
19) You know them both, don’t you? ________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into questions:

1) The room is on the second floor. (Which floor is the room on?)
2) There are thirty-two rooms in this building. _________________________________
3) She studies at Shenzhen University. ________________________________________
4) They meet every day. ____________________________________________________
5) There is a watch in the small box. ___________________________________________
6) Betty Brown lives with Mary. ______________________________________________

•54•
 7) They go to bed at half past ten. _______________________________________
8) I like the subject very much. _________________________________________

6. Give the plural forms of these nouns. 3A%-5B$-:.A-.$-3%-5B$-$A-i3-0<-UA?,  写出下列名词的复数形式。

a) building k) man
b) book l) child
c) map m) woman
d) wall n) family
e) watch o) party
f) class p) city
g) brush q) desk
h) day __ r) bag
i) radio s) university
j) sister t) recording

7. Write the correct verbs in the blanks.

a) to speak She . g) to watch He .
b) to see He . h) to go She .
c) to eat It ___ . i) to do It ____ .
d) to study She j) to have He .
e) to be He . k) to get She .
f) to live She . l) to ask He .

8. Answer these in negative sentences. $>3-IA-SA-2-.$-=-.$$-5B$-$A?-=/-,R2?, 用否定句回答下列问题。

1) Do you have any sisters? No, I don't.

2) Does she have any children? _____________________________________________

3) Is there any tea in the cup?_______________________________________________

4) Are there any Japanese students in the class?_________________________________

5) Do you see any girls in the room?__________________________________________

6) Do you have any interest in the subject?_____________________________________

•55•
 Lesson Eleven
aR2-5/-2&-$&A$-0,  第十一课
New Words
first /f3:st/ num. .%-0R,  第一 would /w@d/ aux. v. (=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-;A/,)

watch /wQtS/ vt. 2v-2,  看 将,将要,会

join /dZOIn/ vt. 8$?-0, z/-.,  参加,和…做

伴
TV /%ti: "vi:/ n. 2f/-:UA/,  电视 sure /SO:/ a. #R-,$-(R.-0, =R?-(R$,肯定的,有把

third /T3:d/ num. $?3-0,  第三 握的,确信的

listen /"lIsn/ vi. */-0,  听

love /lVv/ vt..%?-2, .$:-2,  喜爱,
fourth /fO:T/ num. 28A-2,  第四
爱 
film /fIlm/ n. \R$-2f/,  电影 

write /raIt/ vt. & vi.:VA-2,  写 town /taUn/ n. PR%-h=, PR%-HJ<-IA-vJ-2,  城镇,

市镇
some /s@m; sVm/ ad. & n.:$:-8A$ 有些, 一
letter /"let@/ n.:UA/-;A$ 信
部分, 若干, 少量
shopping /"SQpIN/ n. *R-12,  购物  recorder /"rekO:d/ n. 1-12-:U=-:#R<,  录音机 

great /greIt/ a. _2?-(J/,  伟大的,卓越的 ping pong :1J/-:1%?--%R-=R,  乒乓球

tomorrow /t@"mQr@U/ n. ?%-*A/,  明天

fifth /fIfT/ num. s-2,  第五 bedroom /"bedru:m; -rUm/ n. *=- #%- , 

play /pleI/ vi. lJ.-0,  玩,打(篮球等) 卧室

basketball /"bA:skItbO:l/S-:1J/-%R-=R,  hamburger /"h&mb3:g@/ n. 5S.-

r%-=A,  篮球  3-$R-<J, @J3-2$,牛肉饼

•56•
 Text
What Are They Doing?

Here are five pictures. In the first picture, an old man is smoking. In the second one a child

is watching TV. In the third one a boy is listening to the radio. In the fourth one

a girl is writing a letter. What do we see in the fifth picture? A young man is
playing basketball.

Conversation
A. Is Mrs. Jones in?
B. No, she’s in town. She’s doing some shopping.

A. We’re going to the Great Wall tomorrow. Would you like to join us?
B. Sure, we’d love to.

A. t3-3R-)R/-?A-;R.-.3,

B. 3R-<%-3J., 3R?-PR%-h=-/-.%R?-0R-*R-28A/-;R.,

A. %-5S-?%-*A/-t$?-<A-<A%-2R<-:PR-lA?-;R., HJ.-5S-3*3-.-:PR-:.R.-.3,

B. =R?-:.R., %-5S-@-&%-:,.-0-;A/,   

A. 琼斯太太在家吗？
B. 不在，她到城里买东西去了。
A. 我们明天要去参观长城，你们想跟我们一起去吗？
B. 当然了，我们很乐意。

•57•
 Drills
(A)
—Are you having breakfast?
—Yes, I am.
—Is Tom having breakfast, too.
—No, he’s listening to the radio.
a) write a letter, Betty, read the text
b) work, the children, play
c) study, Jane, do some shopping
d) watch TV, Sarah, doing the exercises

(B)
—What are you doing?
—I’m listening to the recorder.
—What is Joe doing?

—He’s doing some reading.

a) have an English lesson, the girls, see a film

b) have tea, your father, smoke
c) look at some pictures, Mary, see the doctor

d) do my homework, the girl, play ping pong

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) How many pictures do you see? ________________________________________________
2) Who do you see in the first picture?_____________________________________________
3) What’s the old man doing? ____________________________________________________
4) Do you see a man in the second picture? _________________________________________
5) What’s she doing? ___________________________________________________________
6) Is there a girl in the third picture?________________________________________________
7) What’s he doing? ____________________________________________________________
8) Who’s in the fourth picture?____________________________________________________

9) Is she listening to the radio, too?________________________________________________

•58•
 10) Who do you see in the fifth picture?_____________________________________________
11) What’s he doing? ___________________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Put the verbs in the right form. =?-5B$-i3?-;%-.$-0:A-i3-0<-2&R?-/?-#-{R%?,  用动词的适当形式

填空。
1) She _______ (watch) TV every evening.
2) She _______ (watch) TV now.
3) Mr. Brown _______ (write) a book now.
4) He _______ (write) books for children.
5) He _______ (not listen) to the radio very often.
6) He _______ (listen) to the recording now.
7) Mrs. Green _______ (not smoke) often.
8) Mr. Green _______ (smoke) in his bedroom now.
9) They _______ (have) English classes every day.
10) They _______ (have) an English class in their classroom now.

6. Turn these into questions .0J<-2eR.-v<-$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-2-UA?, 把下列句子转换成疑问句。

1) She's doing some shopping. What is she doing?

2) They are living in a small city. ________________________________________________?
3) Nancy is doing well at school._________________________________________________?
4) Helen is helping me.________________________________________________________?
5) Twelve students are taking these lessons.________________________________________?
6) We are studying Lesson Eleven._______________________________________________?
7) She's going to town._________________________________________________________?
8) There are ten boys playing basketball.___________________________________________?
9) They are going to Lanzhou at seven o'clock.______________________________________?
10) Li Ping is studying Chinese history._____________________________________________?
11) Rinchen is talking to Dorji on the phone._________________________________________?
12) Jack is eating a hamburger.___________________________________________________?

7. Read the words below.

(A)
• Lesson One • Lesson Three • Lesson Five
• Lesson Two • Lesson Four • Lesson Six
•59•
 • Lesson Seven
• Lesson Eight
• Lesson Nine
• Lesson Ten
• Lesson Eleven
• Lesson Twelve
• The First Lesson
• The Second Lesson
• The Third Lesson
• The Fourth Lesson
• The Fifth Lesson
• The Sixth Lesson
• The Seventh Lesson
• The Eighth Lesson
• The Ninth Lesson
• The Tenth Lesson
• The Eleventh Lesson
• The Twelfth Lesson

• the first floor
• the second floor
• the third floor
• the fourth floor
• the fifth floor
(B)
• the sixth floor
• the seventh floor
• the eighth floor
• the ninth floor
• the tenth floor
• the eleventh floor
• the twelfth floor

8. Write two questions about each of these six sentences. The first one has been done for you. .0J<-

2eR.-v<-$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-2-$*A?-<J-UA?,  看例子给下面每个句子写出两个疑问句。
a. Here are five pictures.

1) How many people are there in the five pictures?

2) How many pictures are there?

b. In the first picture, an old man is smoking.

1) ____________________________________________________________________?

2) ____________________________________________________________________?

c. In the second one a child is watching TV.

1) __________________________________________________________________?

2) __________________________________________________________________?

d. In the third one a boy is listening to the radio.

1) _________________________________________________________________?

2) _________________________________________________________________?

e. In the fourth one a girl is writing a letter.

1) _________________________________________________________________?

2) _________________________________________________________________?
•60•
 f. A young man is playing basketball.

1) __________________________________________________________________?

2) __________________________________________________________________?

9. Learn these phonetic symbols:

/eI/ eight day state again radio

take play great may name
/I:/ she three me meet teacher
see clean please seat each
/aI/ I like my child scientist
nice time five fine write
/@U/ no old both go soldier
home smoke know over those
/ju:/ new you student united university

•61•
 Lesson Twelve
aR2-5/-2&-$*A?-0,  第十二课
New Words
o’clock /@"klQk/ n..?-5S., …点, …点钟 talk /tO:k/ vi. & vt. $+3-2>., #-2h,  说话,

beautiful /"bju:tIfl/ a. 36K?-#$, ;$-0R,  美丽的 谈话,谈论

walk /wO:k/ a.:PR-2,  走,步行
so /s@U/ a..J<-2gJ/,  所以
song /sQN/ n. \, 歌，歌曲
friendly /"frendli/ a. 36:-2lJ-w/-0:A-%%-/?,

友好的，友谊的

sing (\-?R$?)=J/-0,  唱 
newspaper /"nju:zpeIp@/ n. 5$?-0<, 
visit /"vIzIt/ vt.:53?-:SA, 3)=-2,  访问，探
报纸 
around /@"raUnd/ perp. 3,:- :#R<,  四周,到处, 望，参观 
such /sVtS/ a..J-:S,  如此的,这类的,这样的
附近 
explain /Ik"spleIn/ vt.:PJ=-2>.,  解释 

something /"sVmTIN/
pron..%R?-0R-8A$ .%R?-0R-$%-<%-,  某事,某物,
piano /pi"&n@U/ n. iR-4J%-,  钢琴
某东西 
pictorial /pIk"tO:ri@l/ n. & a. 2f/-0<,  画报，

chess /tSes/ n. 3A$-3%?, 1-:PA$  国
有图片的,用图片表示的 
park /pA:k/ n. \A%-!,   ,A-\A%-,  公园
际象棋  picnic (have a picnic) /"pIknIk/ n. 3R-$?J%-, 
stay /steI/ vi.:.$-0, 2#.-0,  呆,停留,留宿 
(3R-$?J%-=-:PR-2,  野餐，野炊)
hotel /h@U"tel/ n. 3PR/-#%-,  旅馆,旅社,饭店 
paint (paint a picture) /peInt/ n. <A-3R-:VA-2, 
draw /drO:/ vt. & vi. (<A-3R):VA-2, (画(画),描绘
给…上油漆 画画,描绘
movie /"mu:vi/ noun. \R$-2f/,  电影

dance /dA:ns/ n. VR-:(3-0, 82?-VR,  mend /mend/ v. 8A$-$?R-LJ.-0,  修理,修补

  跳舞 

•62•
review (to review lessons) /rI"vju:/ vt. 2*<- .R% - ,  milk /mIlk/ n.:R-3,  奶,乳

(aR2-5/-2*<-.R%-LJ.-0,) 复习 weekend /%wi:k"end/ noun. $9:-3)$ 周末

shirt /S3:t/ noun. 5B=-=J/,  衬衫

Text
In the Classroom
It’s three o’clock in the afternoon. The students are now in the classroom. Some are listening to
the recording. Some are doing exercises. Others are talking with each other in English. The teacher is

walking around. She is helping the students. Now she is explaining something to a girl
student.

Conversation

A. Where are you staying, Mr. Patterson?

B. I’m staying at the Tibetan Hotel.
A. Is this your first visit to Tibet?
B. Yes, I’m here for the first time.
A. How do you like Lhasa?
B. Oh, very much. It’s such a beautiful city and the people are so friendly.

A. {-82?-1J-,J<-?/, HJ.-<%-$%-/-2#.-;R.,

B. %-<%-2R.-GA-3PR/-#%-.-2#.-;R.,

A. HJ.-<%-,J%?-.%-0R<-2R.-.-;R%-2-;A/-/3,

B. ;A/, %-<%-:.A-<-,J%?-.%-0R<-;R%-2-;A/,

A. HJ.-GA?-2v?-/-z-?-)A-:S-<J.,

B. @-&%-*A.-0R-<J., PR%-HJ<-:.A-v<-36K?-=, 3A-i3?-G%-.J-:S:A-2lJ-?J3?-w/-0-=, 

A. 帕特森先生，你住在哪里？
B. 我住在西藏宾馆。
A.你是第一次到西藏旅游吗？
B. 是的，我是第一次到这儿。
A. 你觉得拉萨怎么样？
B. 哦，非常喜欢。这是一个相当美丽的城市，而且这里的人们非常友好。 

•63•
 Drills

(A)
—What time is it?
—It’s six o’clock.
—What’s Tom doing?
—He’s getting up.

a) 6:20, Joe, do morning exercises

b) 7:10, Mary, have breakfast
c) 8:30, the students, have a lesson
d) 10:45 David, listen to the recording

(B)
—Is Tom getting up?
—Yes, he is.
—Is Joe getting up?
—No, he isn’t. He’s doing morning exercises.

a) Joe, do morning exercises, Mary, have breakfast

b) Mary, have breakfast, these students, have a lesson
c) the students, have a lesson, David, listen to the recording
d) David, listen to the recording, Peter, read newspaper

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

•64•
3. Answer these questions:
1) What time of the day is it? It’s three o’clock in the afternoon.
2) Where are the students? ___________________________________________________
3) What are some of them doing?______________________________________________
4) Are some of them doing exercises? __________________________________________
5) What are the other students doing?___________________________________________
6) Are they talking in English or in Tibetan?______________________________________
7) Is there a teacher in the classroom?___________________________________________
8) What is she doing?________________________________________________________
9) Is she helping the students?_________________________________________________
10) How is she helping them?_________________________________________________
11) Is she talking to a boy student or a girl student?________________________________
12) Is she talking in Tibetan or in English?_______________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Talk about the pictures:

1) How many people do you see in the first picture? I see two boys in the first picture.
2) What are they doing?_____________________________________________________
3) Who are in the second picture?_____________________________________________
4) What are they doing?_____________________________________________________
5) Is there a girl in the third picture?___________________________________________
•65•
 6) What’s she doing?_______________________________________________________
7) Is there a girl in the fourth picture?__________________________________________
8) Is she singing a song?_____________________________________________________
9) What are the people in the fifth picture doing?__________________________________
10) What are the people in the sixth picture doing?_________________________________
11) Is there a boy or a girl in the seventh picture?__________________________________
12) Is she working? _________________________________________________________
13) Who do you see in the eighth picture? _______________________________________
14) Are they reading?________________________________________________________

6. Turn these into interrogative and negative sentences. $>3-IA-5B$-P2-:.A-.$-SA-5B$-.%-.$$-5B$-+-+<-&A$

把下列句子转换成疑问句和否定句。
1) There are some pictures on the wall. Are there any pictures on the wall? There aren’t any pictures
on the wall.
2) There are some colleges in the city.____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3) There is some tea in the cup.__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4) There is something on the desk._______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5) I have some questions.______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6) Mary has some song books.__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7) I see some words on the blackboard.____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8) I see someone in the room.___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

7. Read this text.

It’s evening. Mother and the girls are in. Mary is reviewing her lessons. Jane is listening
to the radio and mother is doing some mending. Father is out. He’s seeing a friend in
town. Peter is with his teacher. She’s talking to him about his studies. She’s helping him.

•66•
8. What are they doing this weekend? Look at the table. Write sentences. For example: Mary is going
to the park on Saturday at ten o'clock.
Saturday May 15 Sunday May 16
Mary Peter Joe Sarah Activity Mary Peter Joe Sarah
10:00 11:00 go to the park
9 a.m. 9 a.m. play basketball 2 p.m. 5 p.m. 5 p.m.
visit friends 10 a.m.
12:00 have a picnic
hike 10:00 10:00
3 p.m. paint a picture 2 p.m.
listen to music 7 p.m.
7 p.m. 7 p.m. 2 p.m. go to a movie
8 p.m. have dinner 7 p.m. 7 p.m.

1) ______________________________________________________________
2) ______________________________________________________________
3) ______________________________________________________________
4) ______________________________________________________________
5) ______________________________________________________________
6) ______________________________________________________________
7) ______________________________________________________________
8) ______________________________________________________________
9) ______________________________________________________________
10) ______________________________________________________________

9. Make a general question and a negative sentence for each sentence given below. .0J<-2eR.-v<-

$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-2-<J-.%-.$$-5B$-$A-i3-0-<J-UA?,  给下列每个句子写出一个一般疑问句和一个
否定句。
1) There are some pictures on the wall. Are there any pictures on the wall?
There aren't any pictures on the wall.
2) There are some colleges in the city._____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3) There is some tea in the cup. _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4) There is something on the desk. _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5) I have some questions. ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
6) Mary has some song books. ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
•67•
 7) I see some words on the blackboard_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8) I see someone in the room.______________________________________________
_ __________________________________________________________________
9) Mother is mending some shirts.___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10) Father would like some milk._____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

10. Write questions that these sentences answer. The first one has been done for you.   
a. It’s three o’clock in the afternoon.
1) What time is it? 2) It's three o'clock in the afternoon, isn't it?
b. The students are now in the classroom.
1) _________________________________________________________________________?
2) _________________________________________________________________________?
c. Some are listening to the recording.
1) _________________________________________________________________________?
2) _________________________________________________________________________?
d. Some are doing exercises.
1) _________________________________________________________________________?
2) _________________________________________________________________________?
e. Others are talking with each other in English.
1) _________________________________________________________________________?
2) _________________________________________________________________________?
f. The teacher is walking around.
1) ________________________________________________________________________?
2) ________________________________________________________________________?
g. She is helping the students.
1) ________________________________________________________________________?
2) ________________________________________________________________________?
h. Now she is explaining something to a girl student.
1) ________________________________________________________________________?
2) ________________________________________________________________________?

•68•
 Lesson Thirteen
aR2-5/-2&-$?3-0,  第十三课
New Words
Thursday /"T3:zdeI; -di/ n. $9:-1<-2,  星

summer /"sVm@/ n..L<-#,  夏
      天
palace /"p&l@s/ n. 1R-V%-,  宫殿
    期四
table /"teIbl/ n. 3./-&R$ &R$-4K,  桌子
Sunday /"sVndeI; -di/ n. $9:-*A-3,  星期

    天
big /bIg/ (J, (J/-0R,  大的
park /pA:k/ n. \A%-$, ,A-\A%-, 公园
window /"wInd@U/ n. |J:-#%-, S-3,窗户
tree /tri:/ n. #R%-2R,  树

hill /hIl/ n. <A-(%-, .J:-:2<,小山,小丘,
bookcase /"bUkkeIs/ n..0J-1R3, .0J-!J$?, 
山岗
书架,书柜
political /p@"lItIkl/ adj. (2-YA.-GA,  政治上
lake /leIk/ n. 35K:,  湖
的,政治有关的,政权的
boat /b@Ut/ v. P($+R%-2,) 乘(划) 小船  good time .?-5S.-29%-2R,  愉快

游玩  
dress (get dressed) /dres/ v. H- 2, H- 2- IR/- 0,
Tuesday /"tju:zdeI; -di/ n. $9:-3A$-.3<, 
(H-2-IR/-:.$-0,) 穿衣服
星期二
Wednesday /"wenzdeI; -di/ n. $9:-z$-0,  cafeteria /%k&f@"tI@ri@/ n. )-#%-,  自助餐

星期三 厅(食堂)
Friday /"fraIdeI; -di/ n. $9:-0-?%?,  星期 office /"QfIs/ n. $8%-=?-#%-,  办公室

五 restaurant /"restrQnt/ n. 9-#%-,  餐厅, 饭

Saturday /"s&t@deI; -di/ n. $9:-%J/-0,  星
馆
期六 housework /"haUsw3:k/ n. HA3-=?,  家务
Monday /"mVndeI; -di/ n. $9:-^-2,  星
wash (wash the clothes) /wQS/ v. & n
期一  . :O.-0, (H-2-:O.-0,)洗(衣服)

flower /"flaU@/ n. 3J-+R$ 花

•69•
 away (put the clothes away) /@"weI/ adj.
$/?- $8/- =, (H- 2- .J- 5S- 1<- 8R$) 离开,

向(在)另一方 TV set (television)   

 
supper /"sVp@/ n..$R%-9?, 晚餐, 晚饭 2f/-:UA/,  电视

Text
The Summer Palace

This is the Summer Palace. It is a park in Beijing. It is a beautiful park.

There are trees and flowers in it. There are many fine buildings in it, too. There is a hill and there
is a lake.
There are a lot of people in the park now. Some are walking around. Some are boating on the lake.
They are having a good time there.

Conversation
A. Do you have English classes every day?
B. No, not every day. We have English classes on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday.
A. What classes do you have on Monday and Thursday?
B. We have Tibetan on Monday and history on Thursday.

A. HR.-5S<-*A/-<J<-.LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-OA.-;R.-.3,

B. *A-3-<J-<J<-3J., %-5S<-$9:-3A$-.3<-.%-, z$-0, 0-?%?, $9:-%J/-0:A-*A/-2&?-=-.LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-OA.-;R.,

A. $9:-^-2-.%-1<-2-=-aR2-OA.-&A-;R., 

B. $9:-^-2-=-2R.-;A$-.%-, $9:-1<-2-=-=R-o?-GA-aR2-OA.-;R., 

A. 你们每天都有英语课吗？
B. 不，不是每天都有。我们星期二、星期三、星期五和星期六有英语课。
A. 星期一和星期四你们有什么课？
B. 我们星期一有藏文课，星期四有历史课。

•70•
 Drills
(A)
—Are there any maps on the wall?
—Yes, there are.
—How many maps are there on the wall?
—There are two.

a) chairs, in the room, five

b) parks, in the city, three
c) flowers, in the picture, twelve
d) boats, on the lake, eleven

(B)
—Is there a table in the room?
—Yes, there is.
—Is there a desk in the room?
—No, there isn’t.

a) radio, on the table, TV-set

b) car, in the picture, bus
c) lake, in the city, palace
d ) school, here, universit

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) This is a picture of a park, isn’t it? __________________________________________.
2) Which park is it? _______________________________________________________.
3) Where is it? ____________________________________________________________.
4) Is it very beautiful? _______________________________________________________.
5) Are there many trees and flowers in it? ________________________________________.
6) Are there many fine buildings in it? ___________________________________________.
7) There is a hill in the park, isn’t there? _________________________________________.
8) There is a lake in the park, isn’t there? _________________________________________.
9) What’s its name? ________________________________________________________.
10) Are there many boats on the lake? ___________________________________________.
11) What are others doing? ____________________________________________________.
12) Do you often go to the parks?4. Do the drills. ___________________________________

•71•
5. Talk about the picture:
1) Is this a classroom or a bedroom? __________________________________________.
2) Is the room big? ________________________________________________________.
3) How many windows does the room have? ____________________________________.
4) Is there a desk in the room? _______________________________________________.
5) What’s there on the desk? ________________________________________________.
6) Are there any chairs in the room? __________________________________________.
7) How many beds are there in the bedroom? ___________________________________.
8) Is there a bookcase in the room? ___________________________________________.
9) Are there many books in the bookcase? ______________________________________.
10) The room is clean and tidy, isn’t it? __________________________________________.

6. Talk about the timetable:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
English

English

Chinese History English

Chinese History English

Lunch time
PT l=-.R%-aR2-,/, Political Study PT League Meeting $8R/-5S$?-GA-5S$?-:.

Political Study

•72•
 1) Do you have any classes on Monday? Yes, I have three classes on Monday.
2) How many classes do you have on Monday? ______________________________________
3) What classes do you have on Thursday? __________________________________________
4) How many English classes do you have every week? ________________________________
5) On what days do you have English classes? ________________________________________
6) Do you have all your classes in the morning? _______________________________________
7) What classes do you have on Wednesday afternoon? _________________________________
8) What do you do on Saturday afternoon? ___________________________________________
9) Do you have any classes in the evening? __________________________________________
10) What do you do on Sundays? __________________________________________________

7. Learn these phonetic symbols:

/A:/ car park father
/O:/ wall small daughter

/3:/ first nurse girl third worker Thursday

/u:/ who two do room school afternoon

8. Reading a schedule
Time Lhatso Zhoma Tom
get up
6:00
6:30 get dressed get up
7:00 get dressed get up, get dressed

say prayers
7:30 eat breakfast at the eat breakfast, listen to the eat breakfast, read the
cafeteria radio newspaper
9:00 go to school, study go to the office, work go to school, teach
12:00 eat lunch at the cafeteria go to a restaurant
12:30 eat lunch
4:00 play basketball
5:00 cook supper
6:00 play with children
7:00 do homework eat supper go to a restaurant
10:00 go to bed watch TV
11:00 go to bed

What time do they do this everyday?

Lhatso: get up, go to school, eat lunch

•73•
 1) Lhatso _______________________ at ______________.
2) She ___________________________ at ____________.
3) Lhatso ___________________ at ________________.

Zhoma: get dressed, play with her children, eat supper

4) Zhoma ________________________ at______________.
5) She ______________________________ at______________.
6) Zhoma _____________________________ at______________.

Tom: get up, go to school, go to bed

7) Tom __________________________________ at_______________.
8) He __________________________________ at_______________.
9) He _____________________________________ at_______________.

Lhatso, Zhoma and Tom: eat breakfast

10) They (eat breakfast) ____________________________________ at__________.

9. Read the passage and answer the questions.

Yongkyi has a big family. She has four brothers and two sisters. On Saturday she
helps her mother with the housework. She helps wash the clothes. She also helps her
mother put the clothes away. She makes the rooms tidy and clean. Sometimes Yongkyi
doesn’t know whose clothes she is washing.
1) Who has a big family? _____________________________________________________
2) Whose family is big? ______________________________________________________
3) How many brothers does Yongkyi have?_______________________________________
4) How many sisters does Yongkyi have? ________________________________________
5) How many children does Yongkyi's mother have?________________________________
6) What does Yongkyi do on Saturday? __________________________________________
7) What does Yongkyi help wash? ______________________________________________
8) What does Yongkyi make neat and tidy? _______________________________________
9) What does Yongkyi sometimes not know? ______________________________________
10) What housework does Yongkyido?____________________________________________
11) Do you like to do housework? Why or why not?_________________________________

•74•
10. Numbers one to ten are answers. Write questions for these answers. The first one has been done
for you. A%-!A-$&A$-/?-2&:A-2<-/A-SA?-=/-;A/-0-.%-, SA?-=/-.J-.$-=-:SA-5B$-UA?, .%-0R-.J-/A-.0J<-2eR.-;A/,      
一到十是答案。仿照例句给下面每个答案写出两个疑问句。

1) This is the Summer Palace.

a. What is this?
b. Is this the Summer Palace?

2) It is a park in Beijing.
a _____________________________________________________________?

b _____________________________________________________________?

3) It is a beautiful park.
a______________________________________________________________?

b______________________________________________________________?
4) There are trees and flowers in it.
a ______________________________________________________________?

b ______________________________________________________________?
5) There are many fine buildings in it, too.
a ____________________________________________________________
b ______________________________________________________________?
6) There is a hill and there is a lake.
a_______________________________________________________________?

b_______________________________________________________________?
7) There are a lot of people in the park now.
a_______________________________________________________________?

b_______________________________________________________________?
8) Some are walking around.
a_______________________________________________________________?

b_______________________________________________________________?
9) Some are boating on the lake.
a_______________________________________________________________?

b_______________________________________________________________?
10) They are having a good time there.
a_______________________________________________________________?

b_______________________________________________________________? 

•75•
11. Write answers to these questions. The first one has been done for you. 
Do you have English classes every day?
Yes, I have.

What classes do you have on Monday and Thursday?

I have English class on Monday and I have Tibetan class on Thursday.

1) Do you have any classes on Monday?

____________________________________________________________
2) How many classes do you have on Monday?
____________________________________________________________
3) What classes do you have on Thursday?
____________________________________________________________
4) How many English classes do you have every week?
____________________________________________________________
5) On what days do you have English classes?
____________________________________________________________
6) Do you have all your classes in the morning?
____________________________________________________________
7) What classes do you have on Wednesday afternoon?
____________________________________________________________
8) What do you do on Saturday afternoon?
____________________________________________________________
9) Do you have any classes in the evening?
____________________________________________________________
10) What do you do on Sundays?
____________________________________________________________

•76•
 Lesson Fourteen
aR2-5/-2&-28A-2,  第十四课
New Words
season /"si:zn/ n. .?-5B$?,  季节 August /"O:g@st/ n. ^-2-2o.-0,  八月

month /mVnT/ n. (=R-^:A)^-2,  月 September /sep"temb@/ n. ^-2-.$-2,  九月

October /Qk"t@Ub@/ n. ^-2-2&-2,  十月

spring /sprIN/ n..JA.-! 春天 November /n@U"vemb@/ n. ^-2-2&-$&A$-0,  十

summer /"sVm@/ n..L<-#,  夏天 一月
December /dI"semb@/ n. ^-2-2&-$*A?-0,  十二

月
autumn /"O:t@m/ n.!R/-#,  秋天 week /wi:k/ n. $9:-:#R<, 星期,周

usually /"ju:Zu@li; -Z@li/ ad..?-o/-., 通常 平

常
winter /"wInt@/ n. & a..$/-#,  冬天
leap year 5K?-z$-;R.-0:A-=R, 闰年
January /"dZ&nju@ri/ n. ^-2-.%-0R,  一月
campus /"k&mp@s/ n. aR2-<,  校园
February /"febru@ri/ n. ^-2-$*A?-0,  二月
closet /"klQzIt/ noun. $R?-1R3, 壁橱
March /mA:tS/ n. ^-2-$?3-0,  三月
anywhere /"eniwe@/ ad. $/?-$%-<%-8A$  不论
April /"eIpr@l/ n. ^-2-28A-2,  四月
何处, 任何地方
May /meI/ n. ^-2-s-2,  五月 term (semester) /t3:m/ n. aR2-{2?,  学期

June /dZu:n/ n. ^-2-S$-0,  六月

July /dZu"laI/ a. ^-2-2./-0, 七月

Text
Seasons and Months
There are four seasons in the year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter.
There are twelve months in a year. They are January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October, November, and December.
How many weeks are there in a year? There are fifty-two weeks. How many days are there in a
year? There are usually three hundred and sixty-five days. In a leap year there are three hundred and
sixty-six days.
•77•
 Conversation
A. What day is today?
B. It’s Sunday.
A. Where are the students?
B. Some of them are in town. They’re doing some shopping. The others are in the Summer Palace.
They are boating on Kunming Lake.

A. .J-<A%-$9:-:#R<-.-<J.,

B. $9:-*A-3-<J.,

A. aR2-3-i3?-$%-.-;R.,

B. =-=-PR%-HJ<-/%-.-;R.-=-#R-5S?-.%R?-0R-*R-28A/-;R., $8/-0-i3?-/A-;?-@R-*J.-5=-.-;R., #R-5S?-#R/-3A/-35K:-;A-

/%-/-P-$+R%-28A/-;R., 

A. 今天是星期几？
B. 今天是星期天。
A. 学生们都在哪儿？
B. 一部分在城里，他们买东西去了。其他的在颐和园里的昆明湖上划船。

Drills
(A)
—Where is Mary?
—She’s in town.
—What’s she doing there?
—She’s seeing a film.

a) John, classroom, do his homework

b) the children, bedroom, watch TV
c) the Smiths, town, visit some friends
d) Nancy, the park, take some pictures

(B)
—Where are you going?
—I’m going to town.
—What are you going to do there?
—I’m going to do some shopping.

a) Building No. 3, see an English film

b) town, get some books
c) the bedroom, get my recorder
d) the hospital, see the doctor

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

•78•
3. Answer these questions:
1) How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
2) What are they? _______________________________________________________
3) Which are the spring months?_____________________________________________
4) Is spring a lovely season?________________________________________________
5) Which are the summer months?_____________________________________________
6) Do you like summer? Why?________________________________________________
7) What months are in autumn?________________________________________________
8) Autumn is a lovely season, too, isn’t it?_______________________________________
9) Which are the winter months?_______________________________________________
10) How many months are there in a year?_______________________________________
11) How many days are there in a month?_______________________________________
12) How many days are there in February?_______________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Answer the question with the given words. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-2!R=-/?-:SA-5B$-=-=/-,R2?,  用给出日   

期回答问题。
What’s the date (today)? (It’s ________.)
1) May 1st 2) July 2nd 3) April 4th
4) January 12th 5) March 8th 6) August 3rd
7) November 21st 8) June 22nd 9) February 23rd
10) September 20th 11) December 31st 12) November 30th

6. Talk about the picture:

•79•
1) How many people do you see in the picture?____________________________________
2) Are they a family? ________________________________________________________
3) This man is the father, isn’t he? ______________________________________________
4) What is he doing? _________________________________________________________
5) Who’s the woman? ________________________________________________________
6)What’s she doing? _________________________________________________________
7) What’s the girl doing? ______________________________________________________
8) What about the boy? _______________________________________________________
9) Is there a clock in the room? _________________________________________________
10) There is a radio in the room, too, isn’t there? ___________________________________
11) Is there a desk in the room? _________________________________________________

7. What’s the date April 2005

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1) …on the first Saturday in April? (It's April second.)

2) …on the fifth Friday in April? ___________________________.
3) …on the second Monday in April? __________________________.
4) …on the third Tuesday in April? __________________________.

5) …on last Saturday in April? ______________________________.

6) …on the fourth Wednesday in April? ________________________.
7) …on the third Friday in April? ____________________________.
8) …on the third Thursday in April? __________________________.

8. Put the verbs in the right form.

1) John ______ (take) a picture of us.
2) John often______ (take) pictures.
3) Usually the girl ______ (not study) at a girl’s school.
4) Helen ______ (study) at a girls’ school now.
•80•
 5) The Thomsons usually ______ (have) lunch at twelve.
6) The Thomsons ______ (have) lunch now.
7) The teacher ______ (take) a walk in the park now.

8) He often ______ (take) a walk after supper. (/2-), .$R%-9?,  晚饭)

9) The boy ______ (get) up now.

10) He ______ (get) up at 5:30 every day.

9. Can you spell the month? HJ.-GA?-:.A-.$-:VA-[R$-LJ.-,2-23,  你能拼出这些月份吗？ 

1) uugstA________________
2) uaebyrrF______________
3) arMch________________
4) rbOtceo_______________
5) erceDbme_____________
6) yJlu__________________
7) nrauJya_______________
8) perbtemeS_____________
9) bNoeevmr_____________
10) irApl_________________
11) enJu__________________
12) yMa__________________

10. Put the verbs in the right form.

Sangizhoma is a student at Kangding Teacher's College. She lives on campus and
______________ (study) Tibetan, Chinese and English. This term, she __________________
(not study) computers. She ________________ (come from) Aba. Sangizhoma
________________ (get up) every day at 6:30. Now it is 7:00, and she __________________
(have) breakfast. She ___________ (have) four classes in the morning. She _______________
(not have) classes in the afternoon. This afternoon she _______________ (go) to Guza with her
friends. Usually she ___________ (speak) English with the teacher in the classroom, but this
morning she ______________ (listen) to the recording, because her teacher is sick.

11. Write questions that these sentences answer. The first one has been done for you. .0J<-2eR.-v<-

$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-2-UA?,  仿照例句给下列答案写出疑问句。

1) There are four seasons in a year.

How many seasons are there in a year?
What are they?
2) There are twelve months in a year.
_____________________________________________________?

_____________________________________________________?

•81•
 3) There are fifty-two weeks in a year.
_____________________________________________________?

_____________________________________________________?
4) There are usually three hundred and sixty-five days in a year.
_____________________________________________________?

_____________________________________________________?
5) In a leap year there are three hundred and sixty-six days
_____________________________________________________?

_____________________________________________________?

12. Read the passage and answer the questions. $>3-IA-.3-353?-.J-2[$?-/?-SA-2-.J-.$-=-=/-,R2?,  阅

读短文回答问题。
One day Yontan can’t find his book. He looks in his bedroom. He looks under the
chair. He looks in his closet. He can’t find his book anywhere. He asks his brother, “Did
you see my book?” His brother says, “No, I didn’t see your book. Maybe you can ask
Yongkyi.” Yontan asks his sister, “Did you see my book?” Yongkyi says, “No, I didn’t see
your book. Did you look in the kitchen?” Yontan looks in the kitchen. His book is on the
kitchen table. Yontan thinks, “Who put my book on the table?”

1) Who can't find his book?______________________________________________________

2) What can Yontan not find?_____________________________________________________

3) Where does he look for his book?_______________________________________________

4) Who does Yontan ask about his book?____________________________________________

5) Does Yontan find his book?____________________________________________________

6) Where is Yontan's book?______________________________________________________

7) What does Yontan think?______________________________________________________

8) Who is Yongkyi?____________________________________________________________

9) What does Yontan's brother tell Yontan?__________________________________________

10) What does Yongkyi tell Yontan?_______________________________________________

11) What is Yontan's sister's name?________________________________________________

•82•
 Lesson Fifteen (A)
aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课
New Words
several /"sevr@l/ a. & n.:$:, .-3,  几次(个)

Canada /"k&n@d@/ n. #-/-+,  加 mine /maIn/ pron. %-;A, %:A-;A/,  我的

拿大 give /gIv/ v. LA/-0, !J<-2,  给, 送给

talk /tO:k/ n. 2>.-0, #-2h,  演说,讲话

think /TINk/ v.?J3?-0, 2?3-]R-$+R%-
would like :,.-0-L%-2, 要, 肯
2,  想, 思考, 认为
hear /hI@/ vt. */-0, ,R?-0,  听到, 听见
want /wQnt/ vt. :.R.-0, <J-2-LJ.-0, 想要, 要,希
望 when /wen/ conj..?-/3-8A$-=, …的时候,
interesting /"Intr@stIN; -trest-/ adj. 3R-$%-w/-0, 
start /stA:t/ vt. & vi.:$R-lR3-0,  开始
有趣的
place /pleIs/ n. ?-(,  地方, 地点 tonight /t@"naIt/ n. .J.$R%-, 今晚

plan /pla:n/n. :(<-$8A,  计划,打算  train /treIn/ n. 3J-:#R<,  火车 

south /saUT/ zR-KR$?,  南方 end /end/ n. 3,:, 3)$ 尽头,终点,最后,最终

fly /flaI/ v. :1<-2, $/3-P<-2#.-0,  乘飞机 else /els/ adj. $8/,  其他

next /nekst/ adj. ($9:)eJ?-3,  其次的,紧接着

的,下一个的

Text
Mr. Patterson
Mr. Patterson is from Canada. He is now visiting China. He is staying at the Tibetan Hotel.
He likes Lhasa. He thinks it is a beautiful city and the people are friendly. He wants to visit all the
interesting places in Lhasa.
He plans to go to the south, too. He’s flying to Shanghai next week. He is going to visit
several big cities in the south and then take a train to Hong Kong.

Conversation
A. A friend of mine is going to give a talk tomorrow. Would you like to come and hear it?
B. Yes, I’d love to. What’s your friend going to talk about?
A. The history of the United States.
B. That’s interesting. When is it going to start?
A. At two-thirty in the afternoon.
•83•
 Drills
(A)
—Are you going to watch TV tonight?
—Yes, I am.
—What about Peter? Is he going to watch TV, too?
—No, he isn’t. He’s going to see a film.

a) do some shopping tomorrow, Nancy, do some reading

b) listen to the recording this afternoon, Tom, write a letter
c) hear the English talk, Jane, draw some pictures
d) go there by bus, the children, go by train

(B)
—Where are they going?
—They’re going to town.
—What are they going to do there?
—They’re going to see a friend of theirs.

a) Betty, the park, take a walk

b) Joe, the classroom, help his students
c) Sarah, the bedroom, do some reading
d) Mr. Brown, Beijing University, give a talk

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What’s the text about? It’s about Mr. Patterson.
2) Where is he from? _______________________________________________________
3) Where is he now? _______________________________________________________
4) Where is he staying? _____________________________________________________
5) Does he like Lhasa? ______________________________________________________
6) What does he think of the city? _____________________________________________
7) What does he want to do? _________________________________________________
8) Where else does he plan to go? _____________________________________________
9) What’s he going to do next week? ___________________________________________
10) Which places is he going to visit? ___________________________________________
11) What’s he going to do after that?

4. Turn these sentences into questions. The first one has been done for you. 
1) We are going to see them on Saturday. What are we going to do on Saturday?

•84•
 2) They're going to take him to the hospital._____________________________________?
3) Mary is going to come by train._____________________________________________?
4) My sister is going to do it for me. ___________________________________________?
5) They're going to take Room 305.____________________________________________?
6) They're going to build twenty houses here.____________________________________?
7) We're going to visit London next year. _______________________________________?

5. Study the groups of sentences. $>3-IA-5B$-5S$?-.$-8A2-+-[R$?, 阅读下列句子。

a) Tom watches TV every evening.

b) Tom is watching TV now.
c) Tom is going to watch TV tonight.

a) I read the newspapers every day.

b) I’m reading newspapers now.
c) I’m going to read the newspapers this afternoon.

a) She usually gets up at five.

b) She is getting up now.
c) She’s going to get up at five tomorrow.

a) He has lunch at home.

b) He’s having lunch now.
c) He’s going to have lunch at school on Thursday.

6. Write questions that these sentences answer. The first one has been done for you. .0J<-2eR.-v<-

$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-2-UA?,  仿照例子给下列句子写问题。
Mr. Patterson is from Canada. Where is Mr. Patterson from? Is Mr. Patterson from Canada?

1) He is now visiting China._____________________________________________?

____________________________________________________________________?

2) He is staying at the Tibetan Hotel_______________________________________?

____________________________________________________________________?

3) He likes Lhasa. _____________________________________________________?

____________________________________________________________________?

4) He thinks it is a beautiful city and the people are friendly. ___________________

___________________________________________________________________?

5) He wants to visit all the interesting places in Lhasa._________________________

____________________________________________________________________?
•85•
 6) He plans to go to the south, too.________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________?

7) He’s flying to Shanghai next week. _____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________?

8) He is going to visit several big cities in the south and then take a train to Hong kong.

___________________________________________________________________?

7. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb.   

1) Tom _________ (watch) TV every evening.

2) Tom is _________ (watch) TV every evening.

3) Tom did _________ (watch) TV every evening.

4) Tom will _________ (watch) TV every evening.

5) Tom is going to _________ (watch) TV every evening.

6) I _____ (read) the newspapers every day.

7) I am _____ (read) the newspapers every day.

8) I did _____ (read) the newspapers every day.

9) I am going to _____ (read) the newspapers every day.

10) She usually ______ (get) up at five.

11) She is ______ (get) up at five.

12) She is going to ______ (get) up at five.

13) She did ______ (get) up at five.

•86•
 Lesson Fifteen (B)
aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课
Text
Clever Artist

king named Tiger Lion has a lot of money, gold, and servants. His right leg is twisted and

A his left eye is blind.

One morning when he is out hunting, he sees an artist painting by a river. The King sees
that the picture he is painting is very nice. He asks the artist to paint a picture of him and the
artist agrees.
The finished painting shows the King without a twisted leg and his left eye is not blind. The King
looks at the painting, becomes very angry and kills the artist. He calls for another artist. This painter
is very famous. He paints the King as he really is with a twisted leg and a blind left eye. When the
King sees this painting, he again becomes angry and killed the painter.
The next day he calls for another artist named Dorji. He is not a famous painter but he is very
clever. In his painting, the King is very handsome, his right leg is up on a rock bracing a gun, and his
left eye is closed as though he is shooting a tiger.
The King is very pleased with this painting and gives the painter a lot of money and gold.

Exercises
1. Answer the following questions.
a) How many artists paint the King?
_____________________________________________________________
b) Why does the King kill the first artist?
______________________________________________________________
c) Why does the King kill the second artist?
_______________________________________________________________
d) Do you think Dorji is clever? Why?
________________________________________________________________
e) If you are the artist, how will you paint the King? Why?
_______________________________________________________________

•87•
 Lesson Sixteen
aR2-5/-2&-S$-0,  第十六课
New words
dear /dI@/ a. & n. ~A%-*J-2, 亲爱的 northeast /"nO:T"i:st/ n. L%-><,  东北、
friendship /"frendSIp/ n. 36:- 2lJ, 友情, 友谊, shop /SQp/ n. 5S%-#%,  商店

朋友关系
 
sight /saIt/ n. v.-3R<-2v-?, uR%?-i3, 情景
envelope /"env@l@Up; "Qn-/
景象
museum /mju"zI@m/ n. .%R?-3%-2>3?-!R/-#%-,  n. ;A$-,3, ;A$-{R$?, ;A$->2?,  信封
博物馆
sure /SO:/ a.#R-,$-;A/-0, =R?-;A/,  肯定,
till /til/ vt. 2<-., 直到, 至

end /end/ noun. 3,:, 3)$ 最后, 最终,终

medicine /"medsn/ n. (/, 药
点
leave (for) …. /li:v/ v. =-2*R.-0,  前往到…;

到…去 yak /j&k/ n. $;$ 牦牛

home /h@Um/ n. & ad. 1-;=,  家, 家乡

miss /mIs/ vt. S/-0,  怀念, 想

U.S.A. (United States of America) A-3J-
try /traI/ vt. 5S.-v-LJ.-0,  试,试图
<-!, 美国
call up #-0<-o$-o,  打电话给 给…打电话
kite /kaIt/ n. >R$-L, 风筝

lift (lift a box) /lift/ n. :.J$?-0, (|3-(%-

telephone /"telIf@Un/ n. #-0<,  电话
8A$-;<-:.J$?-0,) 举起, 提高
extension /Ik"stenSn/ n. #-0<-/%-3,  （电话）
meat /mi:t/ n. >,  肉
分机
trip /trIp/ n. v-{R<, ?-(-8A$-=-:PR-2,  旅行  
zip code (postal code)  4$?-YA.-A%-P%?,
long /lQN/ a. ;/-<A%-0R, <A%-2R,  长期的,长的
邮政编码  
away /@"weI/ ad. V=-2, 3A-$/?-0,  在远处, 离

去, 到远处

•88•
 Text: A Letter

May 20, 1990

Dear Sarah,
This is my third day in Lhasa. I'm staying at the Yak Hotel. My room
number is 4230, in Building 4.
We're seeing the sights of Lhasa. Tomorrow we're going to visit the
Potala Palace and the Norbu Park Museum. We plan to stay till the end of
the month. We may leave for Xi'an on June 1st.
How are things at home? I miss you all. Try to call me next week. My
telephone number is 89-0891, Extension 3577.
Love,
Peter Davis

Conversation
A. I’m going on a trip next week.
B. How long will you be away?
A. About a week
B. Where are you going?
A. To Lhasa.

A. $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3:A-/%-%-<%-v-{R<-.-:PR-o-;A/, 

B. .?-;/-$-43-:$R<-o-<J.,

A. 1=-(J<-$9:-:#R<-$&A$

B. $%-=-:PR-o-;A/,

A. z-?<-:PR-o-;A/, 

A. 我下周要去旅行。
B. 你要去多久？
A. 大约一周。
B. 要去哪儿？
A. 去拉萨。 
•89•
 Drills
(A)
—Where are you going?
—I’m going to the shop.
—Will you get some envelopes for me?
—Sure.

a) the book store, an English-Tibetan Dictionary

b) town, flowers
c) the university, books
d) the hospital, medicine
(B)
—What are you going to do on Sunday?
—I’m going to visit a museum.
—Is Sally going to visit the museum, too?
—No, she isn’t. She’s going to see a friend of hers.

a) tomorrow, write some letters, do some reading

b) tonight, see a film, watch TV
c) tomorrow afternoon, play basketball, take her piano lesson
d) day after tomorrow, see the doctor, see her mother

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Where is Peter Davis? (He’s in Lhasa.)
3) Where is Peter staying?
5) Which building is his room in?
7) Which places is he going to visit the next day?
9) When is he going to leave Lhasa?
11) Does Peter miss his family?
13) What’s his telephone number?
2) Who is he writing to?
4) What’s his room number?
6) What’s Peter doing in Lhasa?
8) How long does he plan to stay?
10) Where is he leaving for?
12) What does he want Sarah to do?

4. Do the drills.

5. Read these:
(A)
Building 5 Room 3201 Page 78 Bus No. 20 Lesson 32 Hospital No. 7

(B)
65—2203 89—0736 44—0736 28—3761 417—8255 209—3976
6. Answer these questions.
1) What are you doing now? I’m studying English.
2) Do you study English every day? _________________________________
3) How long do you study every day? __________________________________
•90•
 4) Which lesson are you studying? _____________________________________
5) What’s the name of the text? _______________________________________
6) Are there many new words in it? ____________________________________
7) Do you like this text? Why? ________________________________________
8) Are you going to do the exercises? ___________________________________
9) Are you going to listen to the recording? _______________________________
10) When are you going to listen to it? ___________________________________
11) What are you going to do on Sunday? _________________________________

7．Learn to address a letter. ;A$->2?-%R?-?-?-$/?-:VA-!%?-.R%-2,  怎样用英语写地址。

Mrs. Sarah Davis
490 East Moltke
Daly City, CA 94014
U.S.A.

8. Find these words in your dictionary and write the Tibetan equivalent. 5B$-36S.-=-2v?-/?-$>3-IA-

3A%-5B$-i3?-GA-2R.-;A$-$A-,-~.-UA?, 在词典里查阅下面这些词，写出它们的藏语意思。
building __________ suite __________
room __________ company __________
number __________ department ___________
apartment ____________ professor __________
street __________ mister __________
road __________ The United Kingdom _______
page __________

9. Read the passage and answer the questions. .3-353?-:.A-2[$?-/?-SA-2-.$-=-=/-,R2?,  阅读短文回

答问题。
One day after school Yontan asks his friends to come to his house to play. Yontan and
his friends like to fly kites, sing songs, and ride bicycles. Some of his friends don’t have
a bicycle so they listen to the radio. Others cook food. Yongkyi likes to help Yontan’s
sister with the housework. After they clean the house they like to sing songs together.

1) Who asks his friends to come to his house to play? _____________________________________

2) What does Yontan ask his friends? _________________________________________________
3) What do Yontan and his friends like to do? ___________________________________________
4) Who don't have a bicycle? ________________________________________________________
5) What does Yongkyi like to do? ____________________________________________________
6) When do they like to sing songs together? ____________________________________________
7) Where does Yontan ask his friends to come? __________________________________________
8) What do Yontan and his friends like to fly? ___________________________________________
•91•
9) What do Yontan and his friends like to ride? __________________________________________
10) Who listen to the radio? _______________________________________________________

10. Practice this conversation with your partner.

a. Can you help her lift this box?
b. Can Rinchen help his sister wash the clothes?
c. Can you take this book to your father?
d. Can you buy your uncle some meat?
e. Can you talk to the children?
f. Can you help me do my homework?
Yes, I can help ________.
Yes, Rinchen can help _______ sister wash the clothes.
Yes, I can take this book to _______.
Yes, I can buy _______ some meat.
Yes, I can talk to ________.
Yes, ___ can help ______ do ______ homework.

11. Read the following descriptions. Write an envelope for each.

A. Send a letter to the American, Peter Brown. He lives at 2309 South Main Street in Mineola,
New York. His zip code is 11005

B. Write an envelope to Helen Green. She lives at Holly Springs Garden, Apartment B-172.
She lives in Dallas, Texas, zip code 68243

C. Address an envelope to Bubble Springs Water Company. Their offices are in the
Fountain Building, Suite 10M, Melbourne. That is in Victoria, Australia, postal code 2SN 6TB

•92•
 Lesson Seventeen
aR2-5/-2&-2./-0,  第十七课
New Words
plan /pla:n/n.:(<-$8A,  计划 a few :$:-8A$,  *%-43,少许, 少数

stop /stQp/ vi. 353?-28$-0,  停止 novel /"nQvl/ n. 1%-<A%-, 小说

a couple of (-8A$ 一对, 一双, 几个 get back KA<-aJ2?-0, 返回, 回来

rest /rest/ vi. & n. %=-$?R, 休息 around /@"raUnd/ perp.}-$8$ 左右, 大约

during /"djU@rIN/ prep. {2?-?,  在…期间marvelo us /"mA:v@l@s/ adj. @-&%-29%-2, 惊奇的, 了不

holiday /"hQl@deI/ n. %=-$?R:A-*A/, .?-(J/,  假 起的

start off :PR-:$R-2l3?-0, 出发
日, 假期
probably /"prQb@bli/ ad. 1=-(J<, ;A/-YA.-0,  或 way /weI/ n. =3, 路

许, 大概 tomb /tu:m/ n..<-?, 2%-?R, 坟墓

swim /swIm/ v. (-n=, 游泳

picnic /"pIknIk/ n. 3R-$?J%-$+R%-2, 野
also /"O:ls@U/ ad..-<%-, 也,同样
餐，(去)野餐
review /rI"vju:/ vt. 2*<-.R%-, 复习 shall /S@l; S&l/ v. (L)o, 将, 应该 

hope /h@Up/ n. <J-(R/, <J-2,  希望 poem /"p@UIm/ n. ~/-%$ 诗

Text
My Plan for the Summer
This summer I’m going home. I’ll take a train to Nanjing. There I will stop for a couple of days.
I have many friends there, you know. Then I will go home by bus.
I will have a good rest during the holidays. I will probably go swimming every day. I will also
review my lessons and do some reading. I hope to read a few novels.
I will stay at home for about a month. I will try to get back to Beijing around August 20th.
 
Conversation 
A. What’s our plan for today?
B. We’re going to visit the Great Wall.
A. That’s marvelous. When shall we start off?
B. At half past eight.
A. Shall we be back for lunch?
B. No, on our way back, we’ll stop at the Ming Tombs. We’ll have a picnic there.
•93•
A. .J-<A%-%-5S:C-:(<-$8A-&A-;A/,

B. %-5S-t$?-<A-<A%-2R<-2v-<-:PR-o-;A/, 

A. .J-@-&%-29%-, %-5S-.?-/3-8A$-=-:PR-o-;A/, 

B. .?-5S.-2o.-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-, 

A. SR?-)-:,%-2<-KA<-;R%-o-AJ-;A/, 

B. 3A/, %-5S-KA<-;R%-{2?-2%-?R-2&-$?3-0-<-2#.-.J, .J-/?-3R-$?J%-$+R%-o-;A/, 

A. 我们今天的计划是什么？
B. 我们要参观长城。
A. 太棒了！我们什么时候起程？
B. 八点半。
A. 那我们要回来吃午饭吗？
B. 不，回来的路上我们要到十三陵。我们将在那里野餐。

Drills
(A)
—Will you join us on the trip?
—Yes, I will.
—Will Jennie join us?
—No, she won’t, she’ll stay at home
a) be back today, Betty, be back tomorrow
b) go to the talk, Tom, go to hospital
c) go and see the film, Ruth, go swimming
d) be here tonight, Joe, go to town

(B)
—Shall we go by train?
—Yes, we shall. We shall go by train.
—Will the girls go by train?
—No, they won’t. They’ll go by boat.
a) have PT classes today, the boys, on Thursday
b) walk to the park, the children, go by bus
c) have lunch at school, the teachers, have lunch at home
d) take a walk in the park, the young people, go boating on the lake

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Are you going home this summer? Yes, I am.

•94•
 2) How are you going home? ___________________________________________________
3) Which city are you going to first? _____________________________________________
4) Do you plan to stop at Nanjing for some time? ___________________________________
5) How long do you plan to stay there? ___________________________________________
6) Why do you want to stay there? _______________________________________________
7) What will you do then after that? ______________________________________________
8) Will you go home by train or by bus from Nanjing? _______________________________
9) What do you plan to do at home? ______________________________________________
10) Are you going to review your lessons during the holidays? _________________________
11) What else do you plan to do? ________________________________________________
12) How long are you going to stay at home? _______________________________________
13) When will you be back from home? ___________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Answer these questions:

1) What time will you get up tomorrow? I’ll get up at 5:30 tomorrow.
2) Will you have breakfast at home? ______________________________________________
3) What will you do after breakfast? ______________________________________________
4) How are you going to school?_________________________________________________
5) When will your first class start? _______________________________________________
6) How long are you going to have classes? ________________________________________
7) Will you come home for lunch? ________________________________________________
8) What time will you come home? ________________________________________________
9) What will you do tomorrow evening? ____________________________________________
10) You’ll have a good rest in the evening, won’t you? ________________________________
11) What time will you go to bed? ________________________________________________

6. Turn these into tag questions:

1) You often have picnics. (You often have picnics, don’t you?)
2) Rose goes swimming every day. _______________________________________________
3) Sarah is playing the piano. ____________________________________________________
4) The boys are boating on the lake. _______________________________________________
6) Nora is going to write a novel next year.__________________________________________
7) You’ll write to them about it.___________________________________________________
8) We shall stop there for a day or two._____________________________________________

•95•
 9) There is some good news in today’s newspaper.____________________________________
10) There are a lot of colleges in the city.____________________________________________

7. Read the passage and answer the questions. .3-353?-:.A-2[$?-/?-SA-2-.$-=-=/-UA?, 阅读短文并

回答问题。
Rinchen is sitting with his friends. They are talking about this weekend. One friend says he
wants to go swimming. Another friend says he likes listening to the radio. Rinchen doesn’t know
what he wants to do. His friend asks Rinchen, “Don’t you have anything interesting to do this
weekend?”
Rinchen answers, “I can’t think of anything to do.”
“How about riding a bicycle, singing a song, drawing a picture, writing a poem, making some
food, talking to friends, climbing a mountain or going to the store?” one friend asks.
Rinchen doesn’t answer. He is still thinking about what he wants to do.

1) Who is sitting with his friends? ___________________________________________

2) Who is Rinchin sitting with? ______________________________________________
3) What are Rinchin and his friends talking about? _______________________________
4) Who are talking about the weekend? _________________________________________
5) Who wants to go swimming? ______________________________________________
6) Who likes listening to the radio? _____________________________________________
7) What does Rinchen want to do? ______________________________________________
8) What does Rinchen not know? _______________________________________________
9) Why does Rinchen not answer his friend's question? ______________________________
10) What did you do this weekend? _______________________________________________
11) What do you like to do? _____________________________________________________

8. Learn the phonetic symbols:

/Ts/ child chair China teacher picture

/dZ/ join German college soldier engineer
/T/ thank think third fifth something
/D/ they this there father mother
/S/ she shall sure shopping technician
/Z/ usually pleasure measure television decision

•96•
 Lesson Eighteen
aR2-5/-2&R-2o.-0,  第十八课
New words

announcement /@"naUnsm@nt/ n. 2h-.R<, 2h-,R, clean /kli:n/ vt. KA?-0, $4%-4-LJ.-0,  使干净

公告, 宣告 copy /"kQpi/ v. 2>-:VA, 复印, 复制, 拷贝

attention /@"tenSn/ n.;A.-:)R$ 注意力
tell /tel/ vt. 2>.-0, 说, 告诉 
movement /"mu:vm@nt/ n. =?-:$=, 运动

hall /hO:l/ n. 5S3?-(J/, 5S$?-#%-,  大厅, 会堂

fruit /fru:t/ n.?A=-+R$ 水果, 果类
can /k@n; k&n/ v,2-0, (R$-0,  能, 可以
start /stA:t/ vt. & vi. 3$R-lR3-0,  开始
raise /reIz/ v. ($/.-.R/-?R$?):SA-2,  提出(问题)
activity /&k"tIv@ti/ n. :$=-*R., 活动, 行动
question /"kwestS@n/ n. SA-2,  问题

need /"ni:d/ n. 3#R-2,  需要

toothbrush /"tu: TbrVS/ n.:O.-
tube /tju:b/ n. 3.R%-3R, &-$ 管子,筒 LJ., ?R-:O., 牙刷

altogether /%O:lt@"geD@/ HR/-2#R3?,  全然,

总共
toothpaste /"tu:TpeIst/ n. ?R-:.$-m?, ?R-
answer /"A:ns@/ vt. SA?-=/-:.J2?-0,  回答
(/, 牙膏
translate /tr&nz"leIt/ vt. =R-4, 翻译
kind /kaInd/ n. <A$?, H, 种类

sentence /"sent@ns/ n. 5B$ 句子

Text
An Announcement
Attention, please. An American friend will come and visit our university on Wednesday
afternoon. He’ll give a talk about the workers’ movement in the United States. Will you please be at
the hall at two o’clock. After the talk we can raise questions. There will be a film about workers’ life
in the States at a quarter to four.

Conversation
A. May I help you?
B. I want some envelopes. And I need a toothbrush and some toothpaste.
A. Which kind would you like to have?
B. I’ll take one of these. Is this kind of toothpaste good?
•97•
A. I think so. Many people are using it.
B. All right. I’ll take a tube. How much is it all together?
A. One yuan and ninety-two fen.
B. Here you are. Thank you.
A. You’re welcome.

A. HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-*R-o-;A/, (%?-HJ.-=-<R$?-LJ.-.$R?-?3,)

B. %-=-;A$->2?-:$:-.$R?, .-<%-?R-:O.-&A$-.%-?R-(/-:$:-.$R?,

A. HJ.-GA?-<A$?-$%-8A$-*R-:.R.-.3,

B. %-=-:.A-.$-=?-$&A$-.$R?, ?R-(/-:.A-29%-%3,

A. %?-2?3-/-29%-~3, 3A-3%-0R?-.J-2!R=-28A/-;R.,

B. 29%-$A %-=-3.R%-3R-$&A$-24S%-<R$?, 2#R3?-0?-|R<-&A-43-<J.,

A. |R<-$&A$-.%-9<-.$-{<-$*A?,

B. :.A-=R%?, ,$?-eJ-(J,

A. .J-:S-LJ.-3A-.$R?, 

A. 你需要什么？
B. 我想要一些信封，还有一把牙刷和一管牙膏。
A. 你想要哪一种？
B. 我想要这个。这种牙膏好用吗？
A. 我觉得好用。很多人都用这种。
B. 那好，我要买一管。这些总共多少钱？
A. 一元九角两分。
B. 给你，谢谢。
A. 不客气。

Drills
(A)
—Can you answer this question?
—No, I can’t. I can’t answer this question.
—Who can answer this question?
—Henry can.

a) translate it into English, Nancy

b) explain this sentence, our teacher.
c) swim, my brother
d) sing this song, Miss Green

(B)
—Shall I (we) clean the windows?
—Yes, please do.
—Shall I (we) clean the desks and chairs?
•98•
 —No, you needn’t.

a) write the new words down, copy the text

b) tell the teacher about it, tell the students about it
c) do Exercise 4, do Exercise 7
d) get some fruit, get some flowers

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the conversation several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who is coming to our university? An American friend is.
2) When is he coming?________________________________________________________
3) What’s he going to do here?__________________________________________________
4) What is he going to talk about?_______________________________________________
5) Where is he going to give the talk?____________________________________________
6) What time will the talk start? _________________________________________________
7) What will he do after the talk?________________________________________________
8) What other activity shall we have after the talk?_______________________________________
9) What’s the film about?______________________________________________________
10) What time is it going to start? _______________________________________________
11) May I (we) go to the talk? __________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into interrogative and negative sentences:

1) Rosemary can play the piano. Can Rosemary play the piano? Rosemary can’t play the piano.
2) I can play Tibetan chess._______________________________________________
3) They will go swimming this afternoon.____________________________________
4) We shall (will) have PT classes tomorrow._________________________________
5) There will be some activities tonight._____________________________________
6) I have something to do this evening.______________________________________

6. Answer these questions:

1）Can you hear me? Yes, I can.

2）Can you translate the text into Tibetan?___________________________________

•99•
 3）Can you read the new words?___________________________________________

4）Can you spell all the new words?________________________________________

5）Can you sing a Tibetan song for us?______________________________________

6）Can you sing any English songs?________________________________________

7）May I use your pen?__________________________________________________

8）May I take this recorder home?__________________________________________

9）May I have a look at your picture-books?__________________________________

10）May I go home now?__________________________________________________

7. Give the plural forms of the following nouns:

bus class factory university

city family day place
radio month man woman
child tooth toothbrush watch

•100•
 Lesson Nineteen
aR2-5/-2&-.$-2,  第十九课
New Words
understand /%Vnd@"st&nd/ vt. @-$R-2,  知道,理

解
4 Japan/dZ@"p&n/ n. :)<- 0/,
a little U/-2-8A$ *%-43-8A$ 一点，少量
日本
of course (R?-3-.$R?-0, 当然 shut /SVt/ vt. $+/-0, 关闭

excellent /"eks@l@nt/ adj. @-&%-29%-2, 极好的,

卓越的  door /dO:/ n. |R, 门

speak /spi:k/ vi. 2>.-0,  去说话, 谈话 must /m@st/ n. %J?-0<-., :R?-0, 必须

foreign /"fQr@n/ a. KA-o=-IA, 外国的 put /pUt/ vt. 28$-0, 放,摆

language /"l&NgwIdZ/ n. {.-(,  语言 clothes /kl@UDz/ n. H-2, 衣服

Spanish/"sp&niS/ adj ＆n ?A-0/-IA-{.-;A$ 西 wardrobe /"wO:dr@Ub/ n. H-2:A-1R3,  衣柜

班牙语
only /"@Unli/ a. n%-2, #R-/,
fair /fe@/ adj. ,A<-2+%-, 一般的 
make /meIk/ vt. 29R?-0, 制造，进行
+$-+$  只,仅仅
sweep /swi:p/ v. K$?-0,  打扫
all right (R$-0, :PA$-0,  摆行,好吧,没关系

dormitory /"dO:m@tri/ n. *=-#%-, 宿舍

Sweden /"swi:dn/ n. ?A-7J-+J/, 瑞典

Text
Toshio and Anna
Toshio is from Japan. Of course, his Japanese is excellent. He speaks several foreign languages.
His English is excellent. He can read and write it well, too. His Spanish is good, but his German is
only fair. He can read, but he can’t speak it.
Anna is from Sweden. She speaks several foreign languages, too. Her English is excellent. Her
Spanish is good, but her Japanese is only fair. She can understand and speak it a little. She can read
and write it, but not very well.

Conversation
A. Come in, Betty. Shut the door, please. Your room isn’t very tidy.
B. What must I do, Mother?
A. Put the clothes in the wardrobe and make the bed. Then sweep the floor.
B. All right, I will.

•101•
A. 0J-,A?, /%-=-1J2?, |R-.J-o$-0<-8, HJ.-GA-#%-2-24S$-0<-vR?-.%-, 

B. A-3, %?-&A-L?-/-29%-, 

A. H-:.A-.$-H-2:A-1R3-.-28$-!J-3=-OA-P=-.$-LR?, .J-5<-eJ?-,%-K$?-.$R?, 

B. ;-=$?, %?-.J-v<-L, 

A. 进来贝蒂，请把门关了，你的房间不是很整齐。
B. 我该做什么,妈妈？
A. 把衣服放到衣柜里，把床整理好，然后把地扫一下。
B. 好的，我会的。

Drills
(A)
—Can’t you sing this song?
—No, I can’t.
—Can anybody sing this song?
—Nobody can.

a) answer this question

b) speak Japanese
c) translate it into German
d) understand this sentence

(B)
—Must we leave today?
—Yes, we must.
—Must the children leave today, too?
—No, they needn’t. They may leave tomorrow.

a) I, go with them, Sally, stay at home

b) we, write to her this week, Billy, write to her later
c) we, call him up today, we call Mary up, later
d) we, have lunch at school, the teachers, have it at home

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who is the text about? The text is about Toshio and Anna.
2) Where (Which country) is Toshio from? _______________________________
3) Is his Japanese good? _______________________________________________
4) Does he know many other languages? __________________________________
5) Does he know English? ______________________________________________
•102•
 6) Can he read and write English? ________________________________________
7) Does he know Spanish? ______________________________________________
8) What other language does he know? ____________________________________
9) Does he know it well? ________________________________________________
10) Can he read and speak it? _____________________________________________
11) Where is Anna from? ________________________________________________
12) Does she speak several languages too? ___________________________________
13) Which language does she know well? _____________________________________
14) Does she know Spanish? _______________________________________________
15) What other language does she know? ______________________________________
16) Can she understand and speak it? _________________________________________
17) Can she read and write it? _______________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into the negative.

(A)
1) Shut the window. (Don’t shut the window.)
2) Write everything down. _________________________________________
3) Put the radio on the desk. ________________________________________
4) Tell him about it. _______________________________________________

(B)
1) You must speak Japanese in class. (You mustn’t speak Japanese in class.)
2) You must write the words here. ____________________________________
3) You must sweep the floor. _________________________________________
4) We must answer all the questions. ____________________________________

(C)
1) Jane may know something about it. (Jane may not know anything about it.)

2) We may go there this summer. ____________________________________

3) She may like the plan. ___________________________________________

4) He may want to join us. __________________________________________

6. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form. $$-g$?-/%-$A-=?-5B$-i3?-;%-.$-0:A-i3-0<-UA?,  用括号

内动词的适当形式填空。
1) She _______ (watch) TV every evening.
2) Mary _______ (go) to bed at 10:30.
3) The little boy _______ (brush) his teeth every morning.
•103•
 4) My sister _______ (study) both English and Japanese.
5) Mary _______ (do) morning exercises every day.
6) Mrs. Robinson _______ (teach) history in a middle school.
7) Mr. Green _______ (fly) to China several times a year.
8) The little girl _______ (miss) her mother.
9) Nancy _______ (copy) every text.
10) Helen _______ (play) the piano very well.

7. Learn the phonetic symbols:

/g/ go good give got girl glad

/h/ he her hope who help hello
/j/ yes you year few united newspaper
/N/ sing song young English language
/r/ read write room raise America different
/z/ his is these those Chinese Japanese

8. Read the passage and answer the questions.

This is the first day of class in the new term. The teacher’s name is Mr. Smith. He
is from America. The students are Tibetan. There are twenty students in Mr. Smith’s
class. There are sixteen girls and four boys. Every day the class begins at two o’clock.
The class ends at four o’clock. Many students come to school by bus. Some students
come to school from their dormitory on foot.

1) What day is it? ____________________________________________________________.

2) Who is the teacher? ________________________________________________________.
3) Who is Mr. Smith? _________________________________________________________.
4) Where is Mr. Smith from? ____________________________________________________.
5) Who is from America? _______________________________________________________.
6) Who are Tibetan? ____________________________________________________________.
7) How many students are there in Mr. Smith's class? ___________________________________.
8) How many students does Mr. Smith have? __________________________________________.
9) How many boys are there in the class? _____________________________________________.
10) How many girls are there in the class? ____________________________________________.
11) What time does the class begin? _________________________________________________.
12) What time does the class end? __________________________________________________.
13) How do many students come to school? __________________________________________.
14) How do you go home? ________________________________________________________.

•104•
 Lesson Twenty (A)
aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十课
New words
flight attendant 3#:-2*R.-Y?-3R,  空中小姐 demonstration /%dem@n"streISn/ n. :O2-!R/, 

important /Im"pO:tnt/ a.:$%?-(J/, $=-(J/,  重 示范,演示

enjoy /In"dZOI/ vt. 3R-2, =R%?-,R.,  享受…的乐
要的,主要的
趣,欣赏
airline /"e@laIn/ n.:1<-*R.-!%-9A, 3#:-=3,  航
French /frentS/ n-</-?A, n-</-?A:A-3A,    法国人
线
travel /"tr&vl/ vi.;=-{R<-LJ.-0,    旅游  旅行 nationality /%n&S@"n&l@ti/ n. o=-#R%?,  国籍

Europe /'ju@r@p/ n.;R-<R2-\A%-,    欧洲 Italian /i"t&lj@n/ n. AA-,-=A:A-3A, ({.,)意大利人

weather /"weD@/ n. $/3-$>A?,    天气 job /dZOb/ n. =?-!  工作

cold /k@Uld/ n. P%-2,    寒冷的 serve /s3:v/ vt. 82?-8,  服务

flight /flaIt/ n.:1<-2,  飞 before /bI"fO:/ prep. (;A) }R/-=,  在前,从前,

have to 3A-12-!-3J., %J?-0<-.,  必须,不得不 在…之前 

hard /hA:d/ a. @<-2lR/, Y-3OJ$?,努力 every other (every other week) $9:-:#R<-$*A?-

dinner /"dIn@/ .$R%-9?, $?R=-!R/,  晚饭,晚餐 <J:A-/%-,J%?-<J<,    每隔  (每隔一周)

passenger /"p&sIndZ@/ n.:P=-28.-0,  旅客, grammar /"gr&m@/ n. 2h-3R., 语法

乘客
safety /"seIfti/ n. 2.J-:)$?,  安全,保险

Text
A Flight Attendant
Barbara is a flight attendant. She works for an important airline. She likes the work. It’s
interesting.
She travels to Europe and South America. She likes South America. The weather is beautiful.
She likes Europe in summer. She doesn’t like winter. It’s very cold.
During a flight Barbara has to work very hard. She serves breakfast, lunch and dinner. She helps
the passengers. She gives safety demonstrations and answers questions. She enjoys her work.

•105•
 Conversation
A. My name is Robert.
B. How do you do? My name is Alice.
A. Are you French?
B. Yes, I am. Are you French, too?
A. No, I am not.
B. What nationality are you?
A. I’m Italian.
B. What’s your job?
A. I’m an engineer. What’s your job?
B. I’m a flight attendant.

A. %:A-3A%-=-<-0J<-,A-9J<,

B. HJ.-2.J-3R, %:A-3A%-=-A-=A-?A:A-9J<,

A. HJ.-<%-1-</-?A:A-AJ-;A/,

B. ;A/, HJ.-G%-1-</-?AA:A-;A/-/3,

A. 3A/, %-3A/,

B. HJ.-<%-o=-#R%?-$%-$A-3A-;A/,

A. %-<%-AA-,-=A:A-;A/,

B. HJ.-GA-=?-!-&A-;A/,

A. %-<%-29R-:$R.-0-8A$-;A/, HJ.-GA-=?-!-&A-;A/,

%-<%-3#:-*R.-82?-8-2-;A/, 
Drills
(A)
—Do you have to be there tonight?
—Yes, I do. I have to be there tonight.
—Does Mary have to be there tonight?
—No, she doesn’t. She may go there tomorrow.

a) fly to Lhasa, your daughter, go there by train

b) get there before seven, Helen, get there at eight
c) work during the holidays, your wife, have a rest
d) go to bed at ten, your older brother, go to bed a little later

(B)
—Do we have to be back today?
—Yes, you do.
—Do the children have to be back today, too?
—No, they don’t. They may come back the day after tomorrow.

•106•
 a) stay there for the night, the girls, come back today
b) have lunch there, the children, come back for lunch
c) travel by train, the Dawsons, go there by boat
d) walk to the palace, our foreign friends, go there by school bus

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What’s the text about? (It’s about a flight attendant.)
2) What’s her name? _________________________________________________________
3) Who does she work for? ____________________________________________________
4) Does she like her work? ____________________________________________________
5) Why does she like it? ______________________________________________________
6) Which places does she travel to? _____________________________________________
7) Does she like South America? _______________________________________________
8) Why does she like South America? ___________________________________________
9) Does she like Europe? Why? ________________________________________________
10) Does Barbara have to work hard during the flight? ______________________________
11) What does she do during the flight? __________________________________________
12) What else does she have to do? ______________________________________________
13) She enjoys her work, doesn’t she?4. Do the drills. _______________________________

5. Turn these into questions:

1) She has to work ten hours a day. (How long does she have to work everyday?)
2) Paul has to get up before six. ________________________________________________
3) Ruth has to be there every other week. _________________________________________
4) He has to teach fifty children. ________________________________________________
5) She has to answer the passengers’ questions. ____________________________________
6) She has to stay in her bedroom all day long. _____________________________________
7) Joe has to do a lot of work. ___________________________________________________
8) She has to clean Mr. Brown’s room. ____________________________________________

6. Turn these sentences (a-n) into questions using the first word given. 
a. Barbara is a flight attendant. 1) Who is a flight attendant? 2) What does she do?
3)What's her job?
b. She works for an important airline.
1) Who _____________________________________________________________________?
•107•
 2) What ____________________________________________________________________?
3) Does _____________________________________________________________________?
c. She likes the work.
1) Does ____________________________________________________________________?
2) How ____________________________________________________________________?
d. She travels to Europe and South America.
1) Where __________________________________________________________________?
2) Does ____________________________________________________________________?
e. She likes South America.
1) What ___________________________________________________________________?
2) Does ____________________________________________________________________?
f. The weather is beautiful.
1) What _____________________________________________________________________?
2) Is _______________________________________________________________________?
g. She likes Europe in summer.
1) Does _____________________________________________________________________?
2) What _____________________________________________________________________?
h. She doesn’t like winter.
1) Does _____________________________________________________________________?
2) What _____________________________________________________________________?
i. It’s very cold.
1) What _____________________________________________________________________?
2) It ________________________________________________________________________?
j. During a flight Barbara has to work very hard.
1) When _____________________________________________________________________?
2) Who ____________________________________________________________________?
k. She serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
1) What ____________________________________________________________________?
2) Does _____________________________________________________________________?
l. She helps the passengers.
1) Who _____________________________________________________________________?

•108•
 2) Who _____________________________________________________________________?

m. She gives safety demonstrations and answers questions.

1) What ____________________________________________________________________?
2) Does _____________________________________________________________________?

n. She enjoys her work.

1) Who ___________________________________________________________________?
2) What _____________________________________________________________________?
3) Does _____________________________________________________________________?

7. Read these words, paying attention to the endings. $>3-IA-,-~.-.$-2[$?-+J-.J-.$-<J-<J:A-3)$-$A-1-

$.%?-[R$-5=-=-;A.-:)R$-LR?,  阅读下列单词，注意它们的后缀。
maps cups thanks clocks
/s/ stops speaks sweeps makes
jobs plans novels holidays
/z/ travels serves enjoys answers
classes brushes nurses sentences
/iz/ misses watches raises announces
texts states seats baskets
/ts/ shuts writes gets visits
words friends beds comrades
/dz/ needs reads ends understands

8. Give the -ing forms of these verbs. $>3-IA-=?-5B$-.$-$A -ing ;A-i3-0-UA?,  给下列单词加 ing

live living get getting help helping

make making stop stopping learn learning
serve serving set setting see seeing
have having swim swimming sing singing
hope hoping plan planning play playing
give giving shut shutting try trying

9. Read the passage and answer the questions.

Today we started class. There are twenty students in my class this term. There are four boys
and sixteen girls in my class. Our teacher’s name is Mr. Smith. He is taller than our teacher last
term. I am the tallest student in the class. This term we are going to study grammar and writing
more than last term. I like to study grammar. Do you like to study grammar? This term will be
harder than the last one. Are you going to come and visit us next summer? I’m going to work hard

•109•
 in school this term. But I am also going to play basketball and fly kites. I am going to see my
Uncle Zhaxi next week. We are going to meet in Xining. Please write to me soon.

1) What did we do today? ______________________________________________________

2) When did the class start? _____________________________________________________
3) How many students are there in the class? _______________________________________
4) Twenty students are in what? __________________________________________________
5) How many boys are there in the class? ___________________________________________
6) How many girls are there in the class? ____________________________________________
7) Who is Mr. Smith? ___________________________________________________________
8) What is the teacher's name? ____________________________________________________
9) Is Mr. Smith taller or shorter than the teacher last term? ______________________________
10) Who is the tallest student in the class? ___________________________________________
11) What is Yontan going to study this term? _________________________________________
12) Who likes to study grammar? __________________________________________________
13) Who is going to work hard? ____________________________________________________
14) Where is Yontan going to work hard?
____________________________________________
15) Who is going to fly kites? ______________________________________________________
16) Who is going to play basketball? ________________________________________________
17) Who will Yontan go to see next week? ____________________________________________
18) Where will Yontan and his Uncle Zhaxi meet? ______________________________________
19) Who will meet in Xining? _______________________________________________________

10. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form.

1) She _______ (listen) to the radio every morning.
2) Huamo _______ (get) up at 6:30.
3) The little boy _______ (brush) his teeth every morning.
4) My sister _______ (study) both Tibetan and Chinese.
5) Dorji _______ (read) his lessons every day.
6) Dorji _______ (do) his homework every evening.
7) Mr. Green _______ (take) a bus to Lhasa several times a year.
8) I _______ (miss) my mother.
9) Nancy _______ (copy) every text.
10) Helen _______ (play) the piano very well.
•110•
 Lesson Twenty (B)
aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十 
_________________________________________________________________________________
Text
Two Thieves
ne evening, two thieves go to rob a house. When they reach the house, they dig a hole in a

O wall. One crawls inside and the other waits outside.

But the thieves do not know something--there are many mice in the house. The woman of
the house sees a mouse crawl into the house. “Look, there’s one now crawling into our
house,” she says to her husband.
This frightens the thief so much that he quickly crawls outside. He tells the other thief, “A
woman sees me crawl inside.”
The other thief does not believe him and says, “I don't believe you. Let’s both crawl into the
house together.”
As the two thieves are crawling into the house, two mice also crawl into the house at the same
time. The woman sees the two mice crawling into the house and shouts to her husband, “Catch
them!” The two thieves are terribly frightened. They think the woman sees them so they run away.

Excercises
1. Answer the following questions.
a. The house has many what?
_________________________________________________________
b. What does the woman see crawl into the house?
_________________________________________________________

c. What do the thieves dig? Why?

_________________________________________________________

d. Who go to rob a house?

_________________________________________________________

e. Why are the two thieves frightened and why do they run away?
_________________________________________________________

•111•
 Lesson Twenty-One
aR2-5/-*J<-$&A$-0,  第二十一课
New words
country /"kVntri/ n. o=-#2, 8A%-PR%-, 国家, pick /pIk/ vt.:,-2, 2+R$-0, 摘

乡村  
drive /draIv/ vi. #-=R-LJ.-0, (:.?-5B$drove)开
large /lA:dZ/ a. (J/-0R, 大的, 巨大的
车,驾驶
food /fu:d/ n. 9-3, #-=$,食物, 饭 plane /pleIn/ n. $/3-P,  飞机

with /wID; wIT/ prep. 3*3-., 和…一起, 以 journey /"dZ3:ni/ n. v-{R<, 旅行

bread /bred/ n. $R-<J, 面包 pleasant /"pleznt/ a. *A.-0R, 令人愉快的

butter /"bVt@/ n. 3<, 黄油, 奶油 feel /fi:l/ v. 5S<-2, 5S<-$%-, 感觉,以为

meat /mi:t/ n. > 肉 tired /"taI@d/ a.,%-(.-0,疲劳的,疲乏的,累的

milk /mIlk/ n.:R-3, 牛奶,乳
sleep /sli:p/ vi. $*A.-0, 睡觉 
cake /keIk/ n. |R-%:A-2$-=J2, 蛋糕
transcription /"tr&nskrIptSn/ n. 2-;A$-+-12-
basket /"bA:skIt/ n. /$-$9J2, aR-3, 篮子
0,2o.-/?-2>-2, 转录,抄本 
under /"Vnd@/ prep.:R$-+, :R$-/?, 在…之下

eat /i:t/ vt. 9-2, (:.?-5B$ ate) 吃

sit /sIt/ v. 4S$-0, ?<-2#.-0,  坐
field /fi:ld/ n. 8A%-#, ?-8A%-,  田野

Text
A Day in the Country
Mr. and Mrs. White live in a large city. One Sunday, they went to the country. They took some
food with them. Mrs. White put bread, butter, meat, milk, fruit and cake in a basket. They sat under a
large tree and ate lunch. They talked about their trip to England and they picked flowers. They drove
home in the evening.

Conversation
A. When did you arrive in Lhasa?
B. Only yesterday.
A. Did you come by plane?
B. Well, we took the train to Chengdu and then flew to Lhasa.
A. How did you like the journey?
B. It was pleasant and I enjoyed it.
A. Do you feel tired after the long journey?
•112•
 B. No, not at all. I had a good sleep on the train.

A. HJ.-5S-z-?<-/3-,R/-0-;A/, 

B. #-?%-,R/-0-;A/, 

A. HJ.-5S-$/3-P<-2#.-/?-;R%-2-AJ-;A/,

B. %-5S-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-OA/-+:-=-?R%-8A%-, .J-/?-$/3-P<-2#.-.J-z-?<-,R/-0-;A/,

A. v-{R<-L?-0:A-MR%-5S<-$-:S-<J.,

B. .J-/A-@-&%-*A.-=-%-<%-@-&%-.$:-;R.,

A. =3-,$-<A%-2R-2o.-0?-HJ.-<%-,%-(.-;R.-.3,

B. 3J., %-<%-,%-(.-3J., %-<%-3J-:#R<-IA-!J%-/?-$*A.-*A.-0R-8A$-=R$-0-;A/, 

A. 你们什么时候到拉萨的？
B. 昨天才到。
A. 你们是坐飞机来的吗？
B. 我们坐火车到成都，然后从那里坐飞机到拉萨的。
A. 你们的旅行怎么样？
B. 非常愉快，我很喜欢。
A. 这么长的旅程，你觉得累吗？
B. 不，一点都不，我在火车上睡得很好。 
 
Drills
(A)
—Did you come by train?
—Yes, I did.
—Did Peter come by train, too?
—No, he didn’t. He came by plane.

a) arrive yesterday, Helen, the day before yesterday

b) go home on Sunday, David, on Saturday
c) visit the city in spring, Nora, in autumn
d) get here on the 20th, Joe, on the 22nd

(B)
—Did you meet before? a) see the film, in February
—Yes, we did. b) visit the place, in April 1979
—When did you meet? c) stay at this hotel, in 1983
—In 1982. d) work there, in 1970

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

•113•
3. Answer these questions:
1) Who is the text about? (It’s about Mr. and Mrs. White.)
2) Where do they live? _________________________________________________________
3) What did they do on Sunday? __________________________________________________
4) Did they take any food with them? ______________________________________________
5) What food did they take with them? _____________________________________________
6) Where did they put the food? ___________________________________________________
7) Where did they eat their lunch? _________________________________________________
8) Did they talk? _______________________________________________________________
9) What did they talk about? ______________________________________________________
10) What did they do in the afternoon? ______________________________________________
11) When did they drive home? ____________________________________________________
12) Did they have a good time?4. Do the drills. ________________________________________

5. Learn the past forms of these verbs: =?-5B$-:.A-.$-$A-.?-:.?-0:A-i3-0-;A.-=-:6B/-.$R?,  学习动词的 

过去式。
meet (met) hear (heard) speak (spoke)
come (came) fly (flew) feel (felt)
get (got) give (gave) be (was, were)
go (went) think (thought) try (tried)
know (knew) leave (left) marry (married)
take (took) swim (swam) copy (copied)
see (saw) have (had) love (loved)
do (did) tell (told) excuse (excused)
write (wrote) put (put) smoke (smoked)
sing (sang) make (made) plan (planned)
draw (drew) sweep (swept) stop (stopped
drive (drove) shut (shut)

6. Answer these questions:

1) What time did you get up yesterday? (I got up at half past five.)
2) What did you do after you got up? _________________________________________
3) Where did you have breakfast? _______________________________________________
4) Did you drive to work? _________________________________________________
5) What time did your work start? _______________________________________________
6) How long did you work in the morning? ________________________________________
7) What time did you have lunch? _______________________________________________
8) Did you come home for lunch? _______________________________________________
9) What time did you come home? ______________________________________________

•114•
 10) What did you do yesterday evening? _________________________________________
11) What time did you go to bed? ______________________________________________
12) Did you have a good sleep? ________________________________________________

7. Learn to read the transcriptions. $>3-IA-2o.-:VA-.$-[R$-:.R/-LR?,  学习读音标。

/lA:dZ/ /fu:d/ /mIlk/ /keIk/

/bred/ /mi:t/ /pleIn/ /dr@Uv/   
/sli:p/            /"taI@d/ /wID/          /pIk/
/"bVt@/ /"bA:skIt/          /"pleznt/ /"dZ3:ni/

8. Answer the questions below.

1) Who live in a large city? Mr. and Mrs. White live in a large city.
2) Where does Mr. White live? ___________________________________________________
3) Where does Mrs. White live? __________________________________________________
4) Where do Mr. and Mrs. White live? _____________________________________________
5) Do Mr. and Mrs. White live in a small city? _______________________________________
6) Where did they go on Sunday? _________________________________________________
7) Who went to the country one Sunday? ___________________________________________
8) Where did Mr. and Mrs. White go one Sunday? ____________________________________
9) What did they take with them? _________________________________________________
10) Where did they take some food? _______________________________________________
11) Who took some food? _______________________________________________________
12) What was in the basket? _____________________________________________________
13) Where did Mrs. White put the meat? ___________________________________________
14) Who put milk in a basket? ____________________________________________________
15) Where did they sit? _________________________________________________________
16) Who sat under a large tree? __________________________________________________
17) Where did they eat lunch? ___________________________________________________
18) Who ate lunch under a large tree? _____________________________________________
19) What did they talk about? ___________________________________________________
20) Who went to England? _____________________________________________________
21) What did they pick? _______________________________________________________
22) Who picked flowers? _______________________________________________________
23) When did they drive home? __________________________________________________
24) Who drove home in the evening? _____________________________________________
25) Where did they drive in the evening? __________________________________________

•115•
9. Answer the questions using pronouns. Give long answers, not short answers.
1) Did your sister arrive on Sunday?
2) Did you take the train?
3) Did Tom see the film in April?
4) Did Joe get here on the 22nd?
5) Did Helen sing a lovely song?
6) Did Bill feel sick?
7) Did the students sweep the classroom?
8) Did Dorji leave this morning?
9) Did he travel alone?
10) Did Lhamo walk to town?
Yes, she arrived on Sunday.
Yes, I ____________________________________
Yes, _____________________________________.
Yes, _____________________________________
Yes, _____________________________________.
No, _____________________________________.
Yes, ____________________________________.
Yes, ____________________________________
No, _____________________________________.
No, _____________________________________

10. Write sentences using the past tense.:.?-5B$-!R/-0:A-5B$-UA?,

1) fly Lhasa last year. I flew to Lhasa last year.

2) hear Helen piano ____ ____________________________
3) walk and pick flowers ____________________________
4) eat lunch large tree _______________________________
5) take bus to work ____________________________
6) talk about trip _______________________________________
7) come home at 5:00 ____________________________
8) meet last year _______________________________
9) feel tired after trip ____________________________
10) write two letters ________________________________

•116•
 Lesson Twenty-Two
aR2-5/-*J<-$*A?-0,  第二十二课
New Words
something /"sVmTIN/ pron..R/-L-8A$ .%R?-0R-8A$ office /"QfIs/ n. $8%-=?-#%-,  办公室 

某事,某物 center /"sent@/ n. vJ-2, 中央, 中心

parents /’pe@r@nts/ n. 1-3-$*A?-! 父母亲
overseas /%@Uv@"si:z/ ad. KA-o=, KA-\A%-, 
already /O:l"redi/ ad. (L?) 9A/-0, 5<-2, 已经         
海外的, 外国
Australian /O'streili@n/ n. AR-?A-NA<-;:A-3A,    examination /Ig%z&mI"neISn/ n. o$?, ;A$-5., 

澳大利亚人 考试 
last /lA:st/ a. (^-2-?R$?,) }R/-3, 最近的   too /tu:/ ad. @-&%-,  太, 非常      
secretary /"sekr@tri/ n. S%-;A$ 秘书 bad /b&d/ a. 24S$-0R, 坏的, 劣质的, 不利的

company /"kVmp@ni/ n.!%-9A, 公司          pass /pA:s/ vt. :.%-2, 2c=-2,  通过     

director /daI"rekt@; dI-/ n. 2.$-$*J<-:$R-$4S, easy /"i:zi/ a. a-3R, 容易的 

主管
ago /@"g@U/ ad. }R/-=, 以前    
technical /"teknIkl/ a. 29R-l=, 工艺的,技术的 factory /"f&ktri; -t@ri/ n. 29R-9,

architect /"A:kItekt/ n. 29R-20/-:(<-:$R.-0,  工厂
rest /rest/ vi. & n. z$-0:A-#$ 其余
建筑师,设计师  
government /"gVv@nm@nt/ n. YA.-$8%-, 政府 

Text
My Family
I want to tell you something about my family. There are six people in my family
altogether--two girls, two boys and my parents. Both of my sisters are already married. My younger
sister got married last month. Her husband is an Australian. She lives in Canberra now and is a
secretary for a company director. My eldest sister got married three years ago. She has got a young
daughter. My brother Peter is a student at a technical college. He wants to be an architect. I started
working six months ago. I work in a government office. I live with my parents in a small house near
the center of town. I hope to go overseas one day for a holiday.

Conversation
A. How was the examination?
B. Not too bad. I think I passed in English.
•117•
A. Were the questions easy?
B. No, not very. I could answer twelve of the questions. They were very easy. But I couldn’t answer
the rest. They were too difficult for me. But I think I could pass.

A. o$?-]%?-0-&A-:S-<J.,

B. .J-:S:A-8/-0-8A$-3-<J., %?-.LA/-;A$-$A-o$?-5.-:.%-;R.-~3,

A. :SA-$8A-i3?-a-3R-AJ-<J.,

B. 3-<J., .J-:S:A-a-3R-3-<J., %?-SA-2-2&-$*A?-=-=/-:.J2?-,2-?R%-, .J-.$-@-&%-a-3R-<J., ;A/-;%-:UR-3-i3?-=-

=/-:.J2?-3-,2, %-=-35S/-/-.J-.$-@-&%-.!:-3R-<J., :R/-G%-%-=-o$?-5.-:.%-;R.-~3,   

A. 考试怎么样？
B. 还可以，我想我的英语通过了。
A. 题目简单吗？
B. 不，不是非常简单。我能答上十二道题。那些很简单。但是剩下的对我来说太难了，因此
没答上，不过我觉得我能通过。

Drills
(A)
—Where were you this morning?
—I was in the classroom.
—Where was Jane?
—She was there too.

a) in the factory, David

b) in the bedroom, Nancy
c) in the hall, your teacher
d) in the hospital, your wife

(B)
—Were you in town yesterday?
—Yes, I was.
—Was Bob in town, too?
—No, he wasn’t. He was at home.

a) in the University on Friday, John, in the country

b) here last year, Mary, in London
c) in Lhasa last summer, Joe, in Amdo
d) in this city in 1985, your daughter, in Kham

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

•118•
3. Answer these questions according to the text:
1) How many people are there in your family? (There’re six people in my family.)
2) Who are they? ___________________________________________________
3) Are your sisters married? ___________________________________________
4) When did your younger sister get married? ______________________________
5) What nationality is her husband? _________________________________________
6) Where does your younger sister live? ____________________________________
7) What’s her job? _____________________________________________________
8) When did your eldest sister get married? ___________________________________
9) Has she got any children? ______________________________________________
10) What does your brother do? ___________________________________________
11) Where does he study? ________________________________________________
12) What does he want to be? ______________________________________________
13) Are you working? ____________________________________________________
14) When did you start working? ___________________________________________
15) Where do you work? _________________________________________________
16) Where do you live? ___________________________________________________
17) What do you hope to do one day? _________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Fill in the blanks with was or were. || were .%-;%-/was 2!R=-/?-#-{R%?, 用 was 和 were 填空。
1) Where ______ you last night?
2) I ______ a school teacher in 1970.
3) How ______ things at home?
4) Father ______ not very well last week.
5) Did you go to the film? ______ it good?
6) Both my sisters ______ in England at that time.
7) Alice ______ then a school-girl.
8) We ______ not here four years ago.
9) Did you stay here last summer? What ______ your room number?
10) ______ you in town at eight o’clock this morning?

•119•
6. Turn these into interrogative and negative sentences. $>3-IA-5B$-P2-.$-:SA-5B$-$3-.$$-5B$-+-+<-&A$
把下列句子转换成疑问句和否定句。
1) I have something to say. Do you have anything to say? I don’t have anything to say.
2) There’s something in the basket.______________________________________________
3) I have got something to read.________________________________________________
4) She told me something about it.______________________________________________
5) Mary knows something about it.______________________________________________
6) We want to get something to eat?_____________________________________________

7. Turn these sentences (a-n) into questions using the first word given. .0J<-2eR.-v<-$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-
SA-2-UA?, 
a. I want to tell you something about my family.
1) What do you want to tell me?
2) Who do you want to tell something about your family?
3) Do you want to tell me something about your family?
b. There are six people in my family altogether-- two girls, two boys and my parents.
1) How _________________________________________________________?
2) How___________________________________________________________?
3) How___________________________________________________________
4) Are____________________________________________________________?
c. Both of my sisters are already married.
1) Are_____________________________________________________________?
2) Who____________________________________________________________?
d. My younger sister got married last month.
1) Who____________________________________________________________?
2) Did______________________________________________________________?
3) When____________________________________________________________?
e. Her husband is an Australian.
1) Where____________________________________________________________?
2) Who______________________________________________________________?
3) Her_______________________________________________________________?
f. She lives in Canberra now and is a secretary for a company director.
1) What______________________________________________________________?
2) Who_______________________________________________________________?
3) Where_____________________________________________________________?
g. My eldest sister got married three years ago.
1) When______________________________________________________________?
•120•
 2) Who_______________________________________________________________?
3) Is _________________________________________________________________?
h. She has got a young daughter.
1) Who_______________________________________________________________?
2) Does_______________________________________________________________?
i. My brother Peter is a student at a technical college.
1) Who________________________________________________________________?
2) Is___________________________________________________________________?
3) Where_______________________________________________________________?
j. He wants to be an architect.
1) What________________________________________________________________?
2) Who_________________________________________________________________?
k. I started working six months ago.
1) When________________________________________________________________?
2) You_________________________________________________________________?
l. I work in a government office.
1) Where_______________________________________________________________?
2) Do__________________________________________________________________?
m. I live with my parents in a small house near the center of town.
1) Where____________________________________________________________?
2) Do_______________________________________________________________?
n. I hope to go overseas one day for a holiday.
1) Where____________________________________________________________?
2) What_____________________________________________________________?

•121•
 Lesson Twenty-Three
aR2-5/-*J<-$?3-0,  第二十三课
New words
flat /fl&t/ n. #R.-#%-, 公寓 rain /reIn/ n. (<-:22-0, 下雨

move /mu:v/ v. %R<-2, :$=-2*R.,搬家, everywhere /"evriwe@/ ad. $-?-$%-, 到处 

road /r@Ud/ n. =3, 路 quiet /"kwaI@t/ a. #-?A3-0, zA%-:)$?,安静的

living room :P=-#%-,  客厅,起居室 garden /"gA:dn/ n. 3J-+R$-<-2, 花园

in front of (;A) }R/-/, 在…前面

bathroom /"bA:Tru:m; -rUm/ n. O?- for sale :5S%-, 待售,出售的

#%-, 浴室, 洗手间 cost /kQst/ n. VA/-0, <A/-$R%-, (|R<-&A-43,)价值

pound /paUnd/ n. 0%-, ( .LA/-)A:A-|R<-3R, )英镑

kitchen /"kItSIn/ n. $;R?-#%-, 厨房 decide /dI"saId/ vt. ,$-$&R.-0, 决定

before /bI"fO:/ prep. (;A)}R/, 以前，从前，在… street /stri:t/ n. Y%-=3, 街道

之前 dirty /"d3:ti/ a. 3A-$4%-2, 24S$-0R, 肮脏的 

neighborhood /"neIb@hUd/ n. *J-:#R<, 附近,邻

居
poor /pO:/ a. @-&%-8/-0, .2=-2R, 可怜的,贫穷 happy /"h&pi/ adj. *A.-0R, 快乐的,幸

的  福的
when /wen/ conj. /3, 5K, 在…的时候 dance /dA:ns/ n. 82?-VR, VR-:O2-0, 跳舞,舞蹈

Text
A New Flat
Last month the Smiths moved into a new flat in Muir Road. The flat has three bedrooms, a large
living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen.
Before they moved to Muir Road, they lived in a very poor neighborhood. The street was dirty.
When it rained there was water everywhere.
The Smiths are very happy in their new flat. The house is big and clean. It is nice and quiet.
There is a garden in front of the building. Their children can play there.

•122•
 Conversation
A. Good afternoon. Is this house for sale?
B. That’s right.
A. May I have a look at it?
B. Yes, of course. Come in.
A. How much does the house cost?
B. 6,500 yuan.
A. I like this house, but I can’t decide. My wife must see it first.
B. Women always have the last word.

A. KA-SR<-29%, #%-2-:.A-:5S%-o-;A/-/3, 

B. 24S%-o-;A/,

A. %?-/%-=-2v?-/-AJ-(R$

B. =R?-(R$ /%-=-1J2?,

A. #%-2-:.A-=-|R<-&A-43-.$R?,

B. |R<-!R%-S$-.%-s-2o, 

A.%-#%-2-:.A-=-.$:-3R., %?-,$-$&R.-LJ.-3A-,2,%:A-(%-3?-:.A-=-2v-.$R?,

B.2.-3J.-/A-/3-;%-(J?-3,:-3:A-,$-$&R.-0-<J.,

A. %?-#%-2-:.A-]R-=-:22-0-;A/- 3R., :R/-G%-%?-,$-$&R.-LJ.-3A-,2, ,R$-3<-%?-(%-3?-.J-=-2v-.$R?,
B. o/-.-,$-$&R.-LJ.-3#/-2.-3J.-5S-<J., 

A. 下午好！这房子是出售的吗？
B. 是的。
A. 我可以看看里面吗？
B. 是的，当然可以。请进。
A. 这房子多少钱？
B. 6500 元.
A. 我喜欢这房子，但我不能决定，我先让我妻子看一下。
B. 女人总是拥有决定权嘛。

Drills
(A)
—May I have a look at the book?
—Yes, of course.
—May I take it home?
—Sorry, you can’t. You mustn’t take it home.

a) have a rest here, smoke here

b) use this recorder, the flowers, take it out of the room
c) have a look at the flowers, pick them
d) go to the dance, take the children there
•123•
 (B)
—Were there any hospitals in the city in those days?
—Yes, there were.
—How many hospitals were there in the city?
—There were three.

a) colleges, in this town, four

b) shops, in that street, eleven
c) fine buildings, in this city, twelve
d) garden, in the neighborhood, two

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What did the Smiths do last month? (They moved into a new flat.)
2) Where is the house? ____________________________________________________
3) Is it a big flat? _________________________________________________________
4) How many rooms does it have? ___________________________________________
5) How many bedrooms are there in it? ________________________________________
6) Does it have a bathroom? ____ _____________________________________________
7) What other rooms are there in it? ____________________________________________
8) Where did the Smiths live before they moved to Muir Road? ______________________
9) What was the street like? __________________________________________________
10) What happened when it rained? _____________________________________________
11) Are the Smiths happy in their new flat? Why? _____, ______________________________
12) Is there a garden near the building? ___________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Read the figures

67 sixty-seven
89 eighty-nine
125 one hundred and twenty-five
437 four hundred and thirty-seven
1,020 one thousand and twenty
5,900 five thousand nine hundred
3,685 three thousand, six hundred and eighty-five
12,040 twelve thousand forty
500,000 five hundred thousand
674,000 six hundred and seventy-four thousand

•124•
6. Turn these sentences into questions.
1) It’s raining. Is it raining?
2) It often rains here in summer. _________________________________________________
3) It didn’t cost much.________________________________________________________
4) The kitchen wasn’t very big.____________________________________________________
5) The houses were not for sale.____________________________________________________
6) We can’t decide now.________________________________________________________
7) She mustn’t work like that.____________________________________________________
8) They won’t have time to do it.___________________________________________________

7. Read the transcriptions.

/r@Ud/ /pO:/ /fl&t/ /reIn/

/paUnd/ /kQst/ /"kwaI@t/ /"d3:ti/
/"kItSIn/ /"bA:Tru:m/ /"gA:dn/ /"neIb@hUd/
/wen/ /dI"saId/ /"evriwe@/ /bI"fO:/

8. Put these words in the blanks below: in, the, of, on a, to.

There are twenty students _____ our classroom. Mr. Smith’s desk is _____ _____

front _____ _____ room. _____ world map is _____ _____ right side _____

_____ room. Six big windows are _____ _____ left side _____ _____ room.

There is one blackboard _____ _____ front wall and another blackboard _____

_____ back wall. There are some extra stools _____ _____ back right corner

_____ _____ room. We keep our books _____ _____ bookcase _____

_____ right side _____ _____ room. _____ top _____ _____ bookcase

is _____ flowerpot. Next _____ _____ bookcase is _____ small closet where

we put _____ broom and dustbin. We always keep our classroom clean and tidy.

•125•
10. Turn these sentences (a-j) into questions using the first word given. 
a. Last month the Smiths moved into a new flat in Muir Road.
1) When did the Smiths move into a new flat in Muir Road?
2) Where did the Smiths move into a new flat?
3) Did the Smiths move into a new flat in Muir Road?
b. The flat has three bedrooms, a large living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen.

1) How_______________________________________________________________?

2) The flat_____________________________________________________________?

c. Before they moved to Muir Road, they lived in a very poor neighborhood.

1) Where_____________________________________________________________?

2) What______________________________________________________________?

d. The street was dirty.

1) What______________________________________________________________?

2) Was_______________________________________________________________?

e. When it rained there was water everywhere.

1) Where_____________________________________________________________?

2) When______________________________________________________________?

f. The Smiths are very happy in their new flat.

1) Who_______________________________________________________________?

2) Why_______________________________________________________________?

g. The building is big and clean.

1) What________________________________________________________________?

2) Is__________________________________________________________________?

h. It is nice and quiet.

1) What_________________________________________________________________?

•126•
 2) Is___________________________________________________________________?

i. There is a garden in front of the building.

1) Where_________________________________________________________________?

2) What__________________________________________________________________?

j. Their children can play there.

1) Who___________________________________________________________________?

2) Where__________________________________________________________________?

•127•
 Lesson Twenty-Four
aR2-5/-*J<-28A-2,  第二十四课
New Words
be born *J?, :O%?-0, 出生 bring, brought (?-(-$-$J-3R<) HJ<-2,  带来,拿

at the age of =R….;A-!J%-,  在…岁 来

together /t@"geD@/ ad. 3*3-.,  一起
record /"rekO:d/ vt. 1-12-0, 录音
musical /"mju:zIkl/ a. 1-.L%?-GA,  音乐的
happen /"h&p@n/ vi. L%-2,  发生
sound /sQN/ n. 1,  声音
quickly /"kwIkli/ ad. 3IR$?-0R:A-%%-,  快地,迅
black /bl&k/ a. 3/-/$ /$-0R,  黑色的
速地
sell, sold 24S%-2, 卖,销售 period /"pI@ri@d/ n..?-{2?,  一段时间

million /"mIlj@n/ n.?-;,  百万  music /"mju:zIk/ n. <R=-.L%?,  音乐

record /"rekO:d/ n. 1-12-:#R<-=R, 1-,$ 唱片 die /daI/ >A-2,  死,死亡

serve /s3:v/ vt. 82?-:.J$?,  服务,供应 meeting /"mi:tIN/ n. 5S$?- :.- :5S$?- 0, 5S$?- :., 

army /"A:mi/ n. .3$ {3-.3$ 军队,陆军 开会

successful /s@k"sesfl/ a. =J$?-:P2-L%-2,  成
appear /@"pI@/ vi. KA<-3%R/-0,  出现
功的,圆满的

Text
Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935. At the age of 13, Elvis and
his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. There, Elvis recorded his first
song in 1954. After that, things happened quickly. He sold millions of
records, served in the U. S. Army, went to Hollywood and appeared in 33
films.
Elvis brought together the musical sounds of blacks and country people.
His songs started a new period of American music. He died on August 16,
1977 in his home in Memphis.

Conversation
A. Hello, Professor Heilman!
B. Hello, Tenzin. How are you?
A. Fine, thank you. And you?
B. I’m very well. Thank you.
•128•
A. You were in Lhasa last week, weren’t you?
B. Yes, I was. I was there for a meeting.
A. When did you get back?
B. Only last night.

A.   
!-;J, .$J-c/-(J/-3R-@J-=R-3/-=$?,
B. :R, 2!/-:6B/, HJ.-2.J-3R,

A. 2.J-3R-;A/, ,$?-eJ-(J, HJ.-2.J-3R,

B. %-;%-2.J-3R-;A/, ,$?-eJ-(J, 

A. $9:-:#R<-}R/-3<-HJ.-<%-z-?-/-;R.-0-AJ-2.J/, 

  
B. 2.J/-=$?, %-<%-5S$?-:.-8A$-=-?R%-2-;A/,

A. HJ.-<%-/3-KA<-aJ2?-0-;A/,

B. 3.%-.$R%-aJ2?-3-,$-;A/,

A. 嗨，黑奥曼教授！
B. 你好，旦曾！你怎么样？
A. 我很好，谢谢！你呢？
B. 我也很好。谢谢！
A. 你上周在拉萨，对吗？
B. 是的，我在那儿参加一个会议。
A. 什么时候回来的？
B. 昨晚才回来的。

Drill
(A)
—When were you born?
—I was born on April 4, 1968.
—Where were you born?
—I was born in Amdo.

a) your sister, July 21, 1967, Kham

b) Peter, February 3, 1973, Boston
c) Shakespeare, 1564, Stratford-on-Avon
d) Columbus, 1451, Genoa, Italy
(B)
—Where were you yesterday?
—I was in town.
—When did you get back?
—This morning.

a) last Sunday, in the country, Monday morning

b) last winter, Lhasa, on March 21
•129•
 c) last year, England, at the end of the year
d) last month, Chicago, two weeks ago

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who is the text about? It’s about Elvis Presley.

2) What was his nationality? _________________________________________________
3) When was he born? ______________________________________________________
4) Where was he born? ______________________________________________________
5) What happened when he was 13? ____________________________________________
6) Where is Memphis? _______________________________________________________
7) When did he record his first song? ____________________________________________
8) How old was he then? _____________________________________________________
9) Was he successful? ________________________________________________________
10) Did he serve in the army? __________________________________________________
11) Where did he go and work later? _____________________________________________
12) How many films did he appear in? ___________________________________________
13) Whose music did he learn from? _____________________________________________
14) How successful were his songs? _____________________________________________
15) When did he die? _________________________________________________________
16) Where did he die? ________________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into tag questions:

1) She was then a college student. She was then a college student, wasn’t she?
2) You were children when you first met. _____________________________________________
3) Your friend arrived the day before yesterday. ________________________________________
4) You like Tibetan music._________________________________________________________
5) Nancy’s mother knows Spanish. __________________________________________________
6) Your brother is serving in the army. _______________________________________________
7) You’re going to record the song. __________________________________________________
8) They will play the music. ________________________________________________________
9) We shall need the recorder. ______________________________________________________
•130•
 10) You can sing this German song. __________________________________________________
11) We must do it quickly ________________________________________________________

6. Answer these questions:

1) When were you born? I was born in 1967.
2) Where were you born? ___________________________________________________
3) When did you come here to this school? _____________________________________
4) Did you come by train or by bus? ___________________________________________
5) When did you start to study at this college? ___________________________________
6) Did you learn English before you came here? __________________________________
7) You’re now studying here, aren’t you? ________________________________________
8) How many English classes do you have every week? _____________________________
9) When do you have them? ___________________________________________________
10) Who is your English teacher? _______________________________________________
11) Is she an old teacher or a young teacher? ______________________________________
12) Does she speak good English? _______________________________________________
13) What kinds of exercises do you do in class? ____________________________________
14) Do you often see English films? ______________________________________________
15) Do you understand them? ___________________________________________________
16) Do you do much reading? ___________________________________________________
17) How do you like English? ___________________________________________________
18) What do you plan to do? _____________________________________________________

7. Read the transcriptions:

/"mi:tIN/ /"pI@ri@d/ /"mIlj@n/

/@"pI@/ /bI"fO:/ /@"baUt/
/t@"geD@/ /s@k"sesfl/ /rI"memb@/
/@"naunsm@nt/ /&k"tIv@ti/ /@"tenSn/
/"rekO:d/ /"ri"kO:d/ /"dZ&nju@ri/
/%n&S@"n&l@ti/ /Im"pO:tnt/ /"O:g@st/

8. Turn these sentences (a-g) into questions using the first word given. .0J<-2eR.-v<-$>3-IA-5B$-i3?-=-SA-

2-UA?,  仿照例子，用给出的词把下列句子转换成疑问句。
1) Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935.
a. Who was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935.
•131•
 b. When was Elvis Presley born?
c. Where was Elvis Presley born?
2) At the age of 13, Elvis and his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee.
a. How old__________________________________________________________?

b . Who_____________________________________________________________?
c. Where___________________________________________________________?
3) There, Elvis recorded his first song in 1954.
a. Who_____________________________________________________________?
b. When____________________________________________________________?
4) He sold millions of records, served in the U. S. Army, went to Hollywood and appeared in 33
films.
a. Who__________________________________________________?
b. How__________________________________________________?
c. How__________________________________________________?
5) Elvis brought together the musical sounds of blacks and country people.
a. Who__________________________________________________?
6) His songs started a new period of American music.
a. Who_________________________________________________?
b. What__________________________________________________?
7) He died on August 16, 1977 in his home in Memphis.
a. When__________________________________________________?
b. Where_________________________________________________?

•132•
 Lesson Twenty-Five
aR2-5/-*J<-s-2,  第二十五课
New Words
famous /"feIm@s/ adj. 3A%-.-P$?-0,  著名的 become, became :I<-2, I<-2, 变成，成为

writer /"raIt@/ n. lR3-0-0R,  作者

poor /pO:/ a..2=-2R, :5S-2-%/-%R/,  贫穷的 rich /rItS/ a. K$-0R, 富裕, 有钱的

money /"mVni/ n. |R<-3R,  钱 health /helT/ n. 2.J-,%-, 健康,卫生

different /"dIfr@nt/ a. 3A-:S-2,  不同的 own /@Un/ n. <%-*A.-GA,  自己的

later /leit@/ adj. eJ?-?,  之后, 以后 life /laIf/ a. 5K-YR$,  生命

return /rI"t3:n/ vi. KA<(=R$-0,) 返回,回来 hold /h@Uld/ vt. 29%-2,  拿着,握住

find, found :5S=-2, fJ.-0,  寻找 line /laIn/ vi. {.-0, (\R$) {., 线,电话线

instead /In"sted/ adv. 52-+,  代替,更换 OK /%@U"keI/ a. & ad. (R$-0, 29%-2,  好,对,行

idea /aI"dI@/ n..$R%?-0, v-5=,  主意,想法,念 be out HA3-/-3J.-0, KA-/-;R.-0, 不在(家)

头
story /"stO:ri/ n. $+3-o.,  故事,小说 
ring, rang SA=-2h-$+R%(2+%)2, #-0<-$+R%-2,
he takes his life #R?-<%-YR$-2&.-0, 自杀
打(电话)

Text
Jack London

Jack London is a famous American writer. He was born on January 12, 1876 in San Francisco,
California. His family was very poor, and Jack had to leave school to make money. He worked hard
at many different jobs.
Later, Jack returned to school, but he didn’t stay. In 1897, he went to Alaska to find gold.
Instead, he found ideas there for his books and stories. He returned home and started to write. His
writings were successful, and he became rich and famous in his twenties.
Jack London was not a happy man. In poor health, he took his life in 1916. He was only 40 years
old.
•133•
 Conversations
A. Hello, John here. Can I speak to Mary?
B. Hold the line please.
A. OK.
B. Sorry, but she’s out.
A. Would you tell her I rang?
B. I’d be glad to.

A. HJ.-2.J-3R, %-/A-)R/-;A/, 3-<R?-;R.-.3,

B. ;.-43-=-|$-<R$?,

A. =$?-?R,

B. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, #R-3R-KA-<R=-/-;R.,

A. HJ.-GA?-#R-3R<-%?-#-0<-2o2-;R%-2-2>.-(R$-$3,

B. =R?-(R$

A. 喂！我是约韩。我可以和玛丽通话吗？
B. 请稍等。
A. 好的。
B. 对不起，她出去了。
A. 你可以告诉她我打过电话吗？
B. 当然可以。

Drills
(A)
—Do we have to go there today?
—Yes, we do. We have to go there today.
—Does Paul have to go, too?
—No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t have to go.

a) go to the talk, Jane

b) write to the director, David
c) read all those books, little Emily
d) walk home, the children

(B)
—We have to return these books, don’t we?
—Yes, we do.
—When do we have to return them?
—We have to return them before Saturday.

a) go to the hospital, day after tomorrow

b) meet this week, Thursday afternoon
c) ring her up, sometime tomorrow
d) memorize the story, right now
•134•
 Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who was Jack London? He was an American writer.
2) Was he very famous?_____________________________________________________
3) When was he born?______________________________________________________
4) Where was he born?______________________________________________________
5) In which state is the city of San Francisco?____________________________________
6) Was his family rich?______________________________________________________
7) Did Jack go to school?_____________________________________________________
8) What did he do after he left school?__________________________________________
9) How did he work?________________________________________________________
10) Did he return to school later?_______________________________________________
11) What did he do in 1897?___________________________________________________
12) What for?_______________________________________________________________
13) Did he find gold there?____________________________________________________
14) Was the trip successful?___________________________________________________
15) What did he do after he returned home?_______________________________________
16) How did people like his writings?____________________________________________
17) What happened because of it?_______________________________________________
18) How old was he then?_____________________________________________________
19) Was Jack London a happy man after he became rich?____________________________
20) Why wasn’t he happy?____________________________________________________
21) What happened in 1916?___________________________________________________
22) How old was he when he died?______________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Make sentences after the models with the given words:

1) Can I speak to Mary?
a) go with you
b) use your pen
c) take the CDs home
•135•
 d) have a look at it

2) Would you tell her I rang?

a) tell me your name
b) sit down
c) write down your phone number
d) find something for us to eat

3) I’d be glad to.

a) help you
b) do it for you
c) have a try
d) be quiet

6. Learn these verb forms.  =?-5B$-$A-i3-0-:.A-.$-=-.R%-2-LR?,  学习下列动词。

meet met become became tell told write wrote
leave left take took feel felt go went
make made speak spoke ring rang do did
find found hold held read read

7. Fill in the blanks with pronouns. 52-5B$-2!R=-+J-$>3-GA-!R%-(-i3?-{R%?,用适当的代词填空

1) Tell ______ how to do it.

2) She wants to ring ______ up tonight.
3) Make ______ some tea, please.
4) Sing ______ a song, will you?
5) They asked ______ to go with ______.
6) The house cost ______ a lot of money .
7) Read the text after ______.
8) We’ll put _______in room 203.

•136•
8. Do the crossword puzzle.

Across 1. 29%-2,  拿着,握住 3. eJ?-?,    之后, 以后 4. :5S=-2, fJ.-0,  寻找  6. :I<-2, I<-2,         

  变成，成为 9. 52-L?-2,  代替,更换  10. (R$-0,    29%-2,  好,对,行 11. .$R%?-0, S/-5=,  主意,

想法, 念头 12. 3A-:S-2,  不同的 14. .2=-2R, :5S-2-%/-%R/,  贫穷的 16. lR3-0-0R,  作家  19. $+3-o.,

  故事    20. SA=-2h-$+R%-(2+%)2, #-0<-2o2,  打(电话) 21. 2.J-,%-, 健康,卫生

Down: 2. {.-0, (\R$-){.,  线,电话线 3. 5K-YR$ 生命 4. :5S=-2, fJ.-0,  寻找    5. I<-2,  成为 7.

He is not at home. He is o__.     8. 3A%-.-P$?-0,  著名的 10. <%-*A.-GA,  自己的 13. KA<-=R$-0, 返回,回

来 15. |R<-3R,  钱 17. K$-0R,  富裕, 有钱的 18. SA=-2h-$+R%-2,  打(电话)

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9 10

11

12 13

14

15 16 17 18

19

20

21

•137•
 Lesson Twenty-Six
aR2-5/-*J<-S$-0,  第二十六课
New Words

grandfather /"gr&ndf A:D@/ n. %R-2,  afraid /@"freId/ a. 0$-0, 害怕的,

祖父,外祖父 心的
early /"3:li/ a. 8R$?-0-}-3R, 早的

always /"O:lweIz/ /3-;%-, 总是
coffee /"kQfi/ n. #-nJ, 咖啡
same /seIm/ a. $&A$-:S, 同一的,相同的

since ... /sIns/ conj. & prep. (.?-5S.)/?-29%-,

grandmother /"gr&ndf A:D@/ n. kR-3R,
自…以来
祖母,外祖母
use to L?-MR%-, 以前曾是
buy /baI/ vt. *R-2, 购物,买

chemist /"kemIst/ n. m?-:I<-3#?-0, 
cold /k@Uld/ n. (3-0, 感冒
  化学家   
funny /"fVni/ a. .$R.-VR-2, 滑稽的,好笑的 (/-.R<-3#/-0R,    药剂师 
nearly /"nI@li/ ad. 1=-(J<, *J-2, 附近的 harder &%-.!:-2, 更难的,更艰苦的

still /stIl/ ad. .-<%-, .-v:A-2<-., 还要,还,依然 lead /li:d/ n. (:5S-2,)<R=-2, 过（生活）

simple /"sImpl/ a. !2?-2.J, ,A<-2+%-2, 简单
than /D@n; D&n/ conj. 2v?-/, (2#<-2:A-5B$)
的,朴素的
比较,比
message /"mesIdZ/ n.:UA/, {.-:)R$-0,  消息,
if /If/ conj. $=-+J, 如果,假如
信息

Text
My Grandfather
My grandfather has lived with us since my grandmother died six years ago. He used to be a
chemist. He is nearly eighty but he is still in good health.
Grandfather leads a simple life. He likes to have an early breakfast and he always has the same
thing for breakfast: rice, fruit and coffee.
After breakfast he takes a walk to buy the morning paper. He has done this every morning for years
and everybody in the street knows him.
Grandfather has not been very well this month. He has had a bad cold for the last few weeks, and
has been in bed for a few days.
•138•
 I like to hear him talk about life when he was a boy. He tells us many funny stories. He always
says, “Life was much harder then than it is today.”

Conversation
A. Hello. David Black speaking. May I have a word with Jane?
B. I’ll see if she is in.
A. OK.
B. I’m afraid she’s not here.
A. Could you take a message?
B Yes, of course.

A. 7J, %-<%-+J-7A.-0A-=-#A-;A/, HJ.-GA?-)/-:2R.-0<-8, (%?-)/-=-#-2h-L?-(R$-$3,)

B. %?-#R-3R-;R.-3J.-=-2v,

A. =$?-?R,

B. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, 3R-<%-3A-:.$

A. HJ.-GA?-#R-3R<-{.-&A$-2>.-,2-23,

B. =R?-,2, 

A. 喂！我是戴维德·布拉克，我可以和简通话吗？
B. 让我先看看她在不在。
A. 好的。
B. 很抱歉，她不在这里。
A. 你可以替我捎个信吗？
B 是的，当然可以。

Drills
(A)
—Have you done your homework?
—Yes, I have.
—Has Tom done his homework?
—No, he hasn’t.
a) write down the new words, Helen
b) memorize the text, Bill
c) listened to the recording, Betty
d) clean your room, boys

(B)
—Where’s Kitty?
—She’s gone to the Palace Museum.
—Have you ever been there?
—Yes, I’ve been there once.
a) Tom, the Summer palace, a few times
b) Sally, the History Museum, a couple of times.
c) the Greens, Lhasa, many times
•139•
 d) children, Amdo, lots of times.

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What’s the text about? (It’s about the writer’s grandfather.)
2) How old is he? _________________________________________________________
3) Who is he living with? ___________________________________________________
4) How long has he lived with them? __________________________________________
5) Is he in good health? _____________________________________________________
6) What kind of life does he lead? _____________________________________________
7) What does he usually have for breakfast? _____________________________________
8) What does he do after breakfast? ____________________________________________
9) Has he always done this? __________________________________________________
10) Do many people in the street know him? _____________________________________
11) What was his job? _______________________________________________________
12) How has he been recently? ________________________________________________
13) He has had a cold, hasn’t he? _______________________________________________
14) Has he been (stayed) in bed for a few days? ___________________________________
15) Does he often tell about his life when he was a boy? _____________________________
16) He tells the children many funny stories, doesn’t he? _____________________________
17) What does he often say? ____________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Learn these verb forms:

do did done meet met met write wrote written
go went gone leave left left see saw seen
lead led led make made made sing sang sung
have had had find found found hear heard heard
buy bought bought become became become think thought thought
take took taken come came come draw drew drawn
know knew known speak spoke spoken fly flew flown
hear heard heard hold held held sweep swept swept
tell told told feel felt felt get got got
say said said ring rang rung drive drove driven

•140•
 give gave given shut shut shut
put put put swim swam swum

6. Turn these into questions:

1) I have been here for five years. How long have you been here?
2) We have had 26 lessons. ____________________________________________________.
3) Jane has put the clothes in the wardrobe. ________________________________________.
4) Anna has been to that place eight times. _________________________________________.
5) She has been a flight attendant since 1984. _______________________________________.
6) Alice has bought a pound of fruit. ______________________________________________.
7) I have taken Room 405. ______________________________________________________.
8) They have been to Qinghua University. __________________________________________.

7. Turn these sentences (a-l) into questions using the first word given.   
a. My grandfather has lived with us since my grandmother died six years ago.
1) Who has lived with us since my grandmother died six years ago.
2) Who died six years ago?
3) When did the grandmother die?

b. He used to be a chemist.
1) What_____________________________________________________________?
c. He is nearly eighty but he is still in good health.
1) How_____________________________________________________________?
2) Is________________________________________________________________?
d. Grandfather leads a simple life.
1) Who______________________________________________________________?
e. He likes to have an early breakfast and he always has the same thing for breakfast: rice, fruit,
and coffee.
1) What___________________________________________________________?
2) Who ___________________________________________________________?
f. After, breakfast he takes a walk to buy the morning paper.
1) What____________________________________________________________?
2) What____________________________________________________________?
g. He has done this every morning for years and everybody in the street knows him.
1) How____________________________________________________________?
•141•
 2) Who____________________________________________________________?
3) What____________________________________________________________?
h. Grandfather has not been very well this month.
1) Who____________________________________________________________?
i. He has had a bad cold for the last few weeks, and has been in bed for a few days.

1) What___________________________________________________________?
2) Where__________________________________________________________
j. I like to hear him talk about life when he was a boy.
1) What___________________________________________________________?
k.. He tells us many funny stories.
1) What___________________________________________________________?
l. He always says, “Life was much harder then than it is today.”
1) What____________________________________________________________?

8. Read the transcriptions:

/@'freId/ /baI/ /'3:li/ /kQfi/ /k@Uld/

5H /'kemIst/
/If/ /li:d/ /'fVni/ /ju:zd/ /'mesIdZ/ /'O:lweIz/
/stIl/ /sIns/ /seIm/ /sImpl/

•142•
 Lesson Twenty-Seven (A)
aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0,  第二十七课
New Words
neighbor /"neIb@/ n. HA3-35K?, 邻居 ever /"ev@/ ad. }R/-(., 曾经,在任何时候

awful /"O:fl/ a.,2?-h$?,  可怕的,糟糕的

pilot /"paIl@t/ n. $/3-P:A-#-=R-2, all the time 3$R-/?-3)$-2<, (.?-5S.,) 一直,始终

飞行员
moment /"m@Um@nt/ n.;/-43, 瞬间
world /w3:ld/ n. :63-\A%-, ?:A-$R-=,

世界,地球
Spain /'sp&n/ n. ?A-1J/, 西班牙 supper /"sVp@/ n..$R%-), /2-5=,  晚餐

just /dZVst/ a. .-v-<%-, .J-3-,$ 仅仅,只是 aunt /A:nt/ n. Y-3R, A-/J,  姑妈,伯母,舅妈,母

like /laIk/ prep :S-2, 相似的,同样的

lucky /"lVki/ a. =?-&/, 幸运的,好运的 bath /bA:T/ n. =?-:O-2, 洗澡

cinema /"sIn@m@/ n. \R$-2f/-#%-, 电影院 television (TV set) /"telIvIZn/ n. 2f/-:UA/, 

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) /%bi: 电视

bi: "si:/ n. .LA/-)A:A-o%-21$?-=?-#%?,  program /"pr@Ugr&m/ n. =J-5/, v.-3R,  节目

    &A-&A-?A,  英国广播公司  dictionary /"dIkS@nri/ n. 5B$-36S., 词典 

uncle /"VNkl/ n. A-#, A-8%-, 叔叔,舅舅,姑父 vowel sounds .L%?-;A$ 元音

never /"nev@/ ad. $+/-/?, 决不,永不

Text
Our Neighbor
Mr. Hill is our new next door neighbor. He is a pilot.
He will fly to New York next month. The month after next he will fly to Tokyo.
At the moment he’s in Madrid. He flew to Spain a week ago. He will return to London the week
after next.
He is only forty-one years old and he has already been to every country in the world.
Mr. Hill is a very lucky man. But his wife isn’t very lucky. She usually stays at home!

•143•
 Conversation
A. Hello, Ken.
B. Hello, George.
A. Have you just been to the cinema?
B. Yes, I have.
A. What’s on?
B. “Paris in the Spring.”
A. Oh, I’ve already seen it. I saw it on a BBC television program last year. It’s an old film, but it’s
very good.
B. Paris is a very beautiful city.
A. I have never been there. Have you ever been there, Ken?
B. Yes, I have. I was there in April.
A. Paris in the Spring, eh?
B. It was spring, but the weather was awful. It rained all the time.
A. Just like dear old London!

A. !-;J, #J/,!-;J, 

B. !-;J, :)R<-)A,

A. HJ.-<%-.-?R-3-\R$-2f/-#%-=-?R%-2-;A/-/3,

B. ;A/,

A. \R$-2f/-&A-<J.,

B. “1J-<A-?A:A-.L<-#,”

A. :R, %?-.J-=-2v?-9A/, %?-.J-=-/-/A%-$A BBC 2f/-:UA/-=J-5/-=?-2v?-0-;A/, .J-/A-\R$-2f/-fA%-2-8A$-;A/-3R., 

@-&%-;$-0R-<J.,
B. 1J-<A-?A-/A-36K?-#$-;A.-.-:R%-2:A-PR%-HJ<-8A$-<J.,

A. %-<%-.J-=-?R%-3-MR%-, #J/, HJ.-<%-.J-=-?R%-MR%-%3, 

B. %-<%-?R%-MR%-, %-<%-^-28A-2:A-/%-.J-/-;R.,

A. .J-/A-1J-<A-?A:A-.L<-#:A-.?-AJ-;A/,

B. .L<-#-<J., :R/-G%-$/3-$>A?-@-&%-3A-29%-!J, o/-.-(<-:22-0-<J., 

A. :R-/, %-5S:C-$/:-3#<-=/-+/-.%-$&A$-:S-<J.,

A. 嗨！肯。
B. 嗨！乔治。
A. 你刚才去了电影院吗？
B. 是的。
A. 在放什么电影？
B. 《春天的巴黎》
A. 哦，我看过，这部影片去年群我在 BBC 的一个电视节目上看过。那是一部老电影，不过
很好看。
•144•
B. 巴黎是个非常美丽的城市。
A. 我从未去过那里。你去过吗，肯？
B. 是的，四月份我在那里。
A. 正是春天的巴黎，对吧？
B. 那时侯正是春天，不过天气很糟糕，老是下雨。
A. 就像老伦敦一样啊！

Drills
(A)
—Have you had supper?
—Yes, I have.
—Where did you have it?
—I had it at my aunt’s.

a) find your pen, in my desk

b) buy any books, in the book store
c) have a bath, at my uncle’s
d) see my dictionary, on your bed

(B)
—How long have you been in this college?
—I’ve been here for two years.
—Has Sarah been here long?
—No, she’s just been here for one year.

a) in Lhasa twenty yeas, Helen, half a year

b) a teacher, five years, Joe, a few months
c) in China, more than a year, your wife, a couple of weeks
d) away, four months, Tony, half a week

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who’s Mr. Hill? He’s our neighbor.
2) What’s his job? __________________________________________________
3) What’s he going to do next month?___________________________________
4) Will he fly to New York the month after next?__________________________
5) Where will he fly to?______________________________________________
6) Where’s he now?_________________________________________________
7) Where’s Madrid?_________________________________________________
8) When did he fly to Spain?__________________________________________
9) When will he return to London?_____________________________________

•145•
 10) How old is Mr. Hill?_____________________________________________
11) Has he been to many countries?____________________________________
12) Do you think Mr. Hill is lucky?____________________________________
13) Do you think his wife is lucky?____________________________________
14) Why do you think so?____________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Answer these questions.

1) Where has George been to? He’s been to the cinema.
2) What’s on at the cinema? ________________________________________
3) Has Ken seen the film?___________________________________________
4) When did he see it?______________________________________________
5) Did he see it in the cinema?________________________________________
6) Is Paris a beautiful city?___________________________________________
7) Has George ever been in Paris?_____________________________________
8) What about Ken? Has he ever been there?_____________________________
9) When was he there?_______________________________________________
10) That was spring, wasn’t it?________________________________________
11) Did he enjoy his stay there?_______________________________________
12) Why?_________________________________________________________
13) What is the weather like in London?_________________________________

6. Learn the verb forms:

marry married married marrying stop stopped stopped
marries stopping stops
study studied studied studying chat chatted chatted
studies chatting chats
copy copied copied copying live lived lived
copies living lives
try tried tried smoke smoked smoked smoking
trying tries smokes
plan planned planned pass passed passed
planning plans passing passes

7. Compare the vowel sounds. .L%?-;A$-$A-1-$.%?-2#<-2,  对比元音字母。

/E/ /EI/ /&/ /E/ /AI/ /&/

met meit b&g beg laik l&k
let Leit l&g leg baik b&k
wet weit s&t set fait f&t
•146•
hed Heit f&t fed sait s&t

•147•
 Lesson Twenty-Seven (B)
aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0,  第二十七课
Text
The Temple God Eats Tsamba
Many years ago, a poor man named Dongzhi had a rich neighbor. This neighbor had a lot of
tsamba. He was also very greedy and never shared his tsamba with anyone.
One day Dongzhi ran out of tsamba and thought, “If I go to my neighbor’s house to ask for some
tsamba, he will refuse. I need to trick him into giving me some.”
That evening Dongzhi took firewood to his garden and set it on fire. His rich neighbor noticed this
and was puzzled. He went to Dongzhi’s house and inquired, “Why are you burning wood this evening,
Dongzhi?”
Dongzhi said, “Yesterday I heard people saying tsamba in Lhasa is very expensive. So I will make
some tsamba and go to Lhasa to sell it.”
The rich neighbor thought this was an excellent idea and said to Dongzhi, “My dear neighbor, can
I go to Lhasa and sell tsamba with you?”
Dongzhi replied, “Of course.”
The next morning the rich man loaded a yak with two bags of tsamba. Dongzhi put two bags filled
with grass and leaves on a donkey.
That evening on the road to Tibet the sky became dark. The two men sought refuge in a temple. The
rich man was very tired and quickly fell asleep.
Dongzhi pretended to sleep. At midnight he got up and fed the grass and leaves in his bags to the
donkey and the yak. Then he took the rich neighbor’s tsamba and poured it into his bags. Next, he put
his neighbor’s empty bags in the temple deity’s hands and put some tsamba in the deity’s mouth.
The next morning the rich man discovered he had no tsamba. He saw his empty bags in the deity’s
hands. He was frightened.
Dongzhi said, “Maybe the temple god was hungry and ate your tsamba. Just look at his mouth.”
The rich man sadly said, “Now I can’t go to Lhasa. I will return home. Please go to Lhasa by
yourself.”
“I think I will also return home, I don’t want to go to Lhasa by myself,” Dongzhi said.

Excercises
1. Answer the following questions.
a) Did the rich neighbor share his tsamba ________________________________________
b) Dongzhi's neighbor gave him tsamba? Why?____________________________________
c) Why was Dongzhi burning wood?_____________________________________________
d) What did the rich man load his yak with? _______________________________________
e) What did Dongzhi load his yak with?___________________________________________
f) Where did the two men seek refuge?____________________________________________
g) At midnight what did Dongzhi do?_____________________________________________
h) What did the rich man discover? ______________________________________________
i) Did Dongzhi and his rich neighbor go to Tibet? Why or why not?_____________________
j) Who was clever? Why?_______________________________________________________

•148•
 Lesson Twenty-Eight
aR2-5/-*J<-2o.-0,  第二十八课
New Words
exciting /Ik"saItIN/ a. 3R-*A.-w/-0, 令人兴奋
的，使人激动的
passport /"pA:spO:t/ n.
receive /rI"si:v/ vt. :LR<-2,  受到,接受,收到
KA-:PR:A-=$-HJ<, =3-;A$ 护照,通行证
certainly /"s3:tnli/ ad. (R?-3-.$R?-0, ((R$-0,) 当
firm /f3:m/ n.!%-9A,  公司
然,无疑
whole /h@Ul/ n. ZA=-2R,  全体,全部,所有的
spring /sprIN/ n. (-3A$ .JA.-!,泉
fill (in) /fIl/ vt. #-{R%-2, :VA-2,  填写
soon /su:n/ ad. 3A-:I%?-0, 3IR$?-0R,  不久,即
可 form /fO:m/ vt. <J:-3A$ 表格
valid /"v&lId/ a. /?-0-w/-0,  有法律效力的, abroad /@"brO:d/ ad. KA-o=-=,  到国外,在海外
有效的 so /s@U/ a..J:A-nJ/-IA?, .J<-2gJ/,所以,因而
finish /"fInIS/ vt. ;R%?-:P2, 5<-2,  完成,结束
find /faInd/ vt. fJ.-0, 5S<-$%-L%-2,  找到,发现
wash /wQS/ v. & n. 2N-2,  洗
minute /"mInIt/ n. (.?-5S.,){<-3 分,分钟 
permission /p@"mISn/ n. (R$-3(/,  许可,同意
later /leit@/ adj. eJ?-?,  更后的,后面的 

another /@"nVD@/ a. & pron. $8/-8A$ 另外的,

Italy /i't@li/ n. AA-,-=A?,  意大利 又一
noodles (a bowl of noodles) /"nu:dls/ n. ,$-0, 
    (,$-0-.!<-;R=-$%-,) 面条（一碗面条）

Text
An Exciting Trip
I’ve just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six
months.
Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of
different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a
small town in the center of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will drive to Perth.
My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

Conversation
A. Can I help you?
B. Yes, we’d like permission to stay in Italy for another month.
A. May I see your passport please?
B. Certainly.

•149•
A. You’ve been here for nearly three months.
B. That’s right.
A. What are you doing in Italy?
B. We’ve come to Italy to see as much as we can.
A. Have you been in Rome the whole time?
B. No, we have been to several Italian cities.
A. How do you like our country?
B. We love it. All these beautiful cities.
A. Fill in this form please and your visa will be valid for another month.

A. HJ.-=-.R/-.$-&A-;R., (%?-HR.-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,)

B. %-<%-AA-,-=A?-/?-.-.%-^-$&A$-=-:.$-:.R.-0?-(R$-3(/-$/%-2<-8,

A. %?-HJ.-GA-KA-:PR:A-=$-HJ<-=-2v-(R$-$3,

B. =R?-(R$

A. HJ.-<%-:.A-/?-1=-(J<-^-$?3-:$R<-?R%-,

B. ;A/-=$?,

A. HJ.-GA?-AA-,-=A?-/?-&A-LJ.-0-;A/,

B. %-5S-AA-,-=A?-=-;R%-/?-v.-3R<-2v-2-;A/,

A. .?-5S.-:.A:A-<A%-HJ.-<%-<R-3<-2#.-0-;A/-/3,

B. 3A/, %-5S-AA-,-=A?-GA-PR%-HJ<-:$:-=-?R%-2-;A/,

A. HJ.-5S?-2v?-/-%-5S:A-o=-#2-)A-:S-<J.,

B. %-5S-o=-#2-:.A<-.$:, PR%-HJ<-:.A-5%-3-@-&%-;$-0R-<J.,

A. <J:-3A$-:.A-{R%-2<-8, HJ.-GA-KA-:PR:A-=$-HJ<-IA-,R.-;/-^-$&A$-2YA%?-0-;A/, 

A. 有什么事需要帮忙吗？
B. 是的，我们想要在意大利多留意个月的许可。
A. 我可以看一下你的护照吗？
B. 当然可以。
A. 你们到这里快三个多月了。
B. 是的。
A. 你们在意大利做什么？
B. 我们到意大利尽量到处看看。
A. 这段时间你们一直是在罗马吗？
B. 不，我们去过意大利的好几个城市。
A. 你觉得我们的国家怎么样？
B. 我们特别喜欢所有这些美丽的城市。
A. 请填写这张表，你的签证有效期将会延长一个月。

•150•

—Have you got my letter?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you get it?
—The day before yesterday.
Drills
(A)
a) finish your work, an hour ago
b) have your examinations, last week
c) wash your clothes, this morning
d) make your plan for the work, a couple of day ago

(B)
—Has Julia been here? a) Sally, go back home, last Saturday, in February
—Yes, she has. b) Mr. Johnson, answer your letter, a few days ago
—When was she here? c) Miss Black, arrive, twenty minutes ago
—A moment ago. d) Philip, call you up, a moment ago

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) What has just happened? (The writer of the text has just received a letter.)
2) Who wrote him the letter? ______________________________________________
3) Where is Tim now? ___________________________________________________
4) How long has he been there? ____________________________________________
5) What does Tim do? ___________________________________________________
6) Who’s he working for? _________________________________________________
7) Has he visited many places in Australia? ___________________________________
8) How is he traveling? ___________________________________________________
9) Has he just bought the car? ______________________________________________
10) Where has he gone now? ______________________________________________
11) Is it a big city? ______________________________________________________
12) Where is it? _________________________________________________________
13) Which city is he going to visit soon? ______________________________________
14) Where’s he going from there? ___________________________________________
15) Is this his first time abroad? _____________________________________________
16) How is he finding the trip? ______________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

•151•
5. Answer the questions after the example:
Example A: Why don’t you go and see the film? (I’ve already seen it.)
1) Why don’t you read the paper? ___________________________________________
2) Why don’t you write (a letter) to your aunt? _________________________________
3) Why don’t you wash your clothes? ___________________________________________
4) Why don’t you buy a nice radio? _____________________________________________
5) Why don’t you have a cup of tea? _____________________________________________
6) Why don’t you tell them some stories? _________________________________________

Example B: Has he read the paper? (No, not yet. He’s going to read it later.)
1) Has Alice done her homework? ______________________________________________
2) Has father answered your uncle’s letter? ________________________________________
3) Has mother put the clothes in the wardrobe? _____________________________________
4) Have the girls cleaned their bedroom? __________________________________________
5) Have the Coopers moved into their new house? ___________________________________
6) Have you filled in the forms? __________________________________________________

6. Answer these questions:

1) How long have you been in this city? I’ve been here for two years.
2) Have you done much sightseeing? ____________________________________________
3) What places have you been to? ____________________________________________
4) Have you visited many cities in the country? ____________________________________
5) Which cities, for example, have you visited? ____________________________________
6) Haven’t you visited Xining? __________________________________________________
7) When were you there? _______________________________________________________
8) Did you visit Kumbum? _____________________________________________________
9) How did you like the city? ____________________________________________________
10) Have you ever been abroad? __________________________________________________
11) Would you like to visit some foreign countries? __________________________________
12) Which countries, for example, would you like to visit? _____________________________
13) Which cities do you want to visit? _____________________________________________
14) You’d like to make a trip round the world, wouldn’t you? __________________________

•152•
 7. Do the crossword puzzle.
1 2 3

4 5 6

8 9 10 11 12

13

14

15

16

17

Across
1. I want to study English a _____.
4. I need a p______ to visit another country.
6. Please f____ my cup with milk tea.
7. I lost my money. Please help me f_____ it.
8. My brother works for a f____ .
10. How much money did you r____ from your
family yesterday?
13. My teacher told me I was a good student s__ I
was happy.
14. I will call you l_____.
15. Did you eat the w____ chicken by yourself?
16. S____ is after winter.
17. People speak Italian in I_____.
Down
2. I’m still hungry. Can I have a_____ bowl of
noodles?
3. I have a v____ passport.
4. My teacher gave me p_______ to come to
class late.
5. I want to go home s_______.
7. My brother works for a f______.
8. After we f_____ class I will eat lunch.
9. There are sixty m____ in one hour.
11. I c____ am Tibetan and I c_____ speak
Tibetan.
12. It is e________ to ride a horse.
15. Every morning I w___ my face.

8. Compare the vowel sounds.

/@u/ /O:/ /O/ /@:/ /@/ /V/

n@u
6H nO: SO:t SOt b@:d bVd
s@u
7H sO: dO: dOg h@:t hVt
S@u
8H SO:t kO:l kOk k@:s kVp
k@ut
9H kO:t bO:l bOks n@:s nVt
•153•
 Lesson Twenty-Nine
aR2-5/-*J<-.$-2,  第二十九课
New Words
degree /dI"gri:/ n. >J?-;R/-IA-,R2-,%-,  学位 pay /peI/ vt. (|R<-3R) 3R.-0,  支付,付清

engineering /%endZI"nI@rIN/ n. 29R-0/-<A$-0,  tax /t&ks/ n. O=-.%=,  税款

工程学 factory /"f&ktri; -t@ri/ n. 29R-9,  工厂
payment /"peIm@nt/ n. <A/-0, \-.%=,  付款,
department /dI"pA:tm@nt/ n. #J-#$ 系,部,
报酬
科, 局
difference /"dIfr@ns/ n. 3A-:S-?,  差异,不同

has got ;R.-0,  有,持有

electricity /I%lek"trIs@ti/ n.
be called … 9J<-2-;A/,  叫作…
\R$ 电
modern /"mQdn/ a..J%-<2?-GA,  现代的
gas /g&s/ n.?R=-_%?,  煤气
worry /"wVri/ v.?J3?-#<,  担心
left /left/ a. z$-3, 剩余的
problem /"prQbl@m/ n. $/.-.R/,  问题
present /"preznt/ a. .-v,  现在的
shower /"SaU@/ n. (<-:O.,  淋浴 
perhaps /p@"h&ps; pr&ps/ ad. 1=-(J<,   
或许， £ pounds (£) /paUnd/ n. 0%-|R<, .LA/-|R<,   
single /"sINgl/ a. 3A-n%-,  单人的 英镑
each /i:tS/ a. <J-<J,  每一,各自的

Text
Trevor Portman
Trevor Portman is only two years older than Ted. He is 24. He’s got a degree in Engineering,
and he works in the same factory as Ted (same factory, same hours of work, but in a different
department).
Now here’s the difference: Trevor is married. He’s got a wife and small child — a girl called
Sarah. He’s also got his own house — a small, modern house with two bedrooms, and a small
garden.
Worries or problems? No. Like Ted, he’s very happy. But he hasn’t got very much money.
Each month, when he has paid his taxes, his payments for the house, electricity, gas, water, food and
clothes for all three, there isn’t much left. So — no car. He hasn’t got a car at present. But next year
— perhaps.

Conversation
A. How much are the rooms, please?
B. One single room’s four pounds. Would you like a television in the room?
A. Yes, please. We’d like a telephone, too.

•154•
B. Every room’s got a telephone.
A. Have the rooms got a bathroom?
B. Yes, every room’s got a bathroom.
A. Have the bathrooms got showers?
B Yes, every bathroom’s got a shower
A. Good.

A. #%-\-&A-43-;A/,

B. 3A-$&A$-&/-IA-#%-2<-.LA/-|R<-28A-;A/, #%-2:A-/%-=-2f/-:UA/-AJ-.$R?,

A. .$R?-=$?, %-5S<-#-0<-8A$-G%-.$R?,

B. #%-0-<J-<J:A-/%-.-#-0<-;R.,

A. #%-2:A-/%-.-O?-#%-AJ-;R.,

B. ;R.-=$?, #%-2-<J-<J:A-/%-.-O?-#%-;R.,

A. O?-#%-/%-.-(<-:O.-;R.-.3,

B. O?-#%-<J-<J:A-/%-.-(<-:O.-;R.,

A. 29%-$A 

A. 请问这些房间房价多少？ 
B. 一个单人间是四英镑。你们需要电视吗？
A. 是的，我们还需要一部电话。
B. 每一间房子都有电话。
A. 这些房间里有浴室吗？
B. 是的，每一间里都有。
A. 浴室里有淋浴器吗？
B.是的，每一间浴室都有。
A. 好的。
Drills
(A)
—Have you got any brothers or sisters?
—Yes, I have.
—How many brothers or sisters have you got?
—I’ve got one brother and two sisters.

a) foreign friends, more than ten

b) yaks, about twenty
c) CDs, nearly thirty
d) foreign students, more than fifty

•155•
 (B)
—Have you got a song book?
—No, I haven’t.
—Who’s got one.
—Joseph has

a) a red pencil, Lily

b) a small radio, David
c) a car, my uncle
d) a Tibetan-English dictionary, our teacher.

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who’s older, Trevor or Ted? Trevor is older.
2) How much older is he? ______________________________________________________
3) How old is Trevor?_________________________________________________________
4) Has he got a degree?________________________________________________________
5) Where does he work? _______________________________________________________
6) Does he work in the same factory as Ted? _______________________________________
7) Do they work in the same department?__________________________________________
8) Is Ted married?____________________________________________________________
9) What about Trevor?_________________________________________________________
10) Has he got any children?____________________________________________________
11) Is it a boy or a girl?________________________________________________________
12) What’s she called? ________________________________________________________
13) Has he got his own house?___________________________________________________
14) What kind of house has he got?_______________________________________________
15) How many bedrooms has it got?______________________________________________
16) Has it got a garden?________________________________________________________
17) Has he got worries or problems?______________________________________________
18) He’s very happy, isn’t he?___________________________________________________
19) Is he very rich?____________________________________________________________
20) What does he have to pay each month?_________________________________________

•156•
 21) He has to pay for food and clothes, too, doesn’t he?_______________________________
22) Does he have much money left after he has paid all this?___________________________
23) Has he got a car?__________________________________________________________
24) Will he get a car next year?__________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into interrogative and negative sentences:

1) There is some milk in the glass. (Is there any milk in the glass? There isn’t any milk in the glass.)
2) There is some bread in the basket.___________________________________________
3) Rose has got some butter. _________________________________________________
4) We bought some fruit. ______________________________________________________
5) She had some meat left. _____________________________________________________
6) I need some paper. _________________________________________________________
7) We’ll give them something to read. ____________________________________________
8) I have got something to say. __________________________________________________

6. Fill in the blanks with either much or many. (much .% many 2!R=-/?-!R%-(-.$-#-{R%?,)用 much
和 many 填空。
1) There isn’t _______ water in the cup.
2) There aren’t _______ trees in the garden.
3) I haven’t got _______ money left.
4) We didn’t buy _______ milk.
5) She didn’t ask me _______ questions.
6) Did they give you _______ help?
7) Is there _______ coffee left?
8) Are there _______ flowers on the tree?
9) Did they take _______ pictures?
10) I haven’t got _______ hope of passing the exam.

7. Compare the vowel sounds:

/i:/ /i/ /e/ /&/ /aI/ /ei/

bi:t bit bet b&k baik beik
si:t sit set s&k said seik
hi:t hit hed h&t haid heit
li:d lid led l&d laid leit

•157•
 Lesson Thirty
aR2-5/-?3-&-2,  第三十课
New Words

steal, stole, stolen /sti:l/ vt. 2b-0, 2b?-0,  偷 bicycle /"baIsIkl/ n. t$?-g,  自行车

盗 worried /"wVrid/ a.?J3?-#<-L?-0,  焦虑的,闷
away ... /@"weI/ ad. .%-<A%-.-IJ?-0,  在远处,离
闷不乐的
去 local /"l@Ukl/ adj. ?-$/?-GA,  地方的,乡土的
send, sent, sent /send/ /sent/ n. 2*=-2, {<-2, 
most /m@Ust/ a. 1=-(J-2,3%->R?,  多数的,大部
2{<-2, 送,寄 分的
policeman /p@"li:sm@n/ n.   *J/-gR$-0, 公安人 surprised /s@"praIzd/ a.;-35<-2, 惊讶的,意外
员，警察 的
amused /@"mju:zd/ a. *A.-0R<-?J3?-0, 3R- call (at) /kO:l/ vt. :2R.-0, #-0<-$+R%-2, 访问

$%-:1J=-2,愉快的,高兴的 wonder /"wVnd@/ vt. }R/-lA?, ...?J3?-0,  惊奇,

expect /Ik"spekt/ vt. 5S.-.0$ >J?-:.R.-0,  期 想知道

station /"steISn/ n. ?-5B$?, ?-$/?, 车站,位置
望,要求
apartment /@"pA:tm@nt/ n. #R.-#%-,  公寓住宅, not any more 353?-:)R$-0, 3-3,.-.J-3A-LJ.-0,
房间 再不;不比…多
complete /k@m"pli:t/ a. ;R%?-:P2,  完成 smile /smaIl/ vi. :63-0, :63-3.%?,微笑，
build /bIld/ vt. :6$?-20/, $?<-28J%?,  建造, village /"vIlIdZ/ n. #J-2, PR%-5S, 村庄
创立
mile /maIl/ n. .LA/-=J,  英里

Text
The Stolen Bicycle
Ted Robinson had been worried all last week. Last Tuesday, he received a letter from the local
police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the
police. He went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more.
At the station he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago,
the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now
being sent to his home by train.
Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected
the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago, when Ted was a boy of fifteen!

Conversation
A. What are those new buildings over there?
B. They are all apartment houses. They’ve just been completed.
A. Do you plan to build more houses like those?
•158•
B. Sure. More than two hundred houses like these are to be put up next year.

A. ,R$-#%-$?<-2-.J-.$-&A-<J.,

B. .J-5%-3-#R.-#%-;A/, .J-.$-$?<-.-28J%?-3-,$-;A/,

A. HJ.-5S?-.J-.$-.%-:S-2:A-,R$-#%-$?<-2-3%-0R-28J%?-lA?-;A/-/3,

B. ;A/, =R-eJ?-3:A-/%-:.A-:S:A-#%-2-*A?-2o-z$-28J%?-o-;A/, 

A. 那边那些新楼房是什么？
B. 那些都是公寓，完工每多久。
A. 你打算还建造那样的楼房吗？
B. 是的，明年要建造两百多套像这样的公寓。

Drills
(A)
—What language is spoken in Germany? a) France, French, Italy, Italian
—German is spoken there. b) Australia, English, Mexico, Spanish
—Is German spoken in Spain? c) Spain, Spanish, Belgium, French
—No, Spanish is spoken in Spain. d) England, English, Holland, Dutch

(B)
—Was the house completed last year? a) the child, born, in 1980, in 1978
—No, it wasn’t. b) the book, written, in 1948, in 1945
—When was it completed? c) the meeting, held, on Monday, last Saturday
—It was completed the year before last. d) the radio, stolen, last month, the month
before last

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Who is the text about? It’s about Ted Robinson.
2) What happened last week? ____________________________________________.
3) What was he asked to do? _____________________________________________.
4) How did he feel after it? ______________________________________________.
5) Why was he worried? _____________________________________________.
6) What did he do yesterday? __________________________________________.
7) What was he told there? _____________________________________________.
8) When was the bicycle found? _________________________________________.
9) Where was it found? ________________________________________________.

•159•
 10) What are the police doing with the bicycle? _____________________________.
11) How did Ted feel when he heard this? __________________________________.
12) Why did he feel like that? _____________________________________________.
13) What happened to the bicycle many years ago? ____________________________.
14) How old was Ted then? ______________________________________________.
15) How old is he now? __________________________________________________.
16) How many years have passed since then? _________________________________.
17) Is he worried still? ___________________________________________________.

4. Do the drills.

5. Turn these into questions:

1) The novel was written by Dongdebjeb (.R/-:P2-o=,). Who was the novel written by?

2) Over ten thousand copies have been sold. _________________________________________.

3) The TV-set was made in Japan. _________________________________________________.
4) English is taught at this school. __________________________________________________.
5) The books are being sent there by plane. __________________________________________.
6) The story will be translated into English and French. ________________________________.
7) The house over there is going to be completed next month. __________________________.
8) The work must be done well. _____________________________________________________.

6. Put the following into the passive. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-+-+<-&A$

把下列句子转换成被动句。

1) They asked her a lot of questions. She was asked a lot of questions.

2) We sang the song in Italian. ___________________________________________.

3) Everybody reads the book. _____________________________________________.
4) They clean the room every day. __________________________________________.
5) Have you washed the car? ______________________________________________.
6) They have put up ten apartment houses this year. _____________________________.
7) They’re building a new road. ____________________________________________.
8) They’re examining the students. __________________________________________.
9) We’ll send more people there. ____________________________________________.
10) We shall need them in our work. __________________________________________.

•160•
7. Put steal, stole, stolen, stealing, steals in the blanks below:
1) Today, I ________ some money.
2) Today, she ________some money. 6) I was ________ some money today.
3) Yesterday, I ________some money. 7) You were ________ some money
4) I will ________ some money tomorrow. yesterday.
5) Are you going to ________ some money 8) Some of my money was ________
tomorrow? yesterday

8. Put sends, send, sending, sent in the blanks below.

1) Today, _____ some money to my mother.
2) Today, she ________some money to me.
3) Yesterday, ___some money to my father.
4) I will ____some money tomorrow to you.
5) Are you going to ____some money
tomorrow?
6) I was ________ some money today.
7) You were ______some money yesterday.
8) Some of my money was ____ yesterday.
9) How many letters have you _____ to
your friends this week __

9. Fill in the blanks below:

1) I don't live in an _________ in the city, I live in a __________.
2) I was very _________ and laughed and laughed.
3) I have an old ___ that I ride everywhere in my village. Do you know how to __ a new house?
4) I will ______ you tonight on the telephone.
5) ________ of our students are Tibetan.
6) I used to drink beer but ________ ________ _________.
7) My father is a ___________ and my mother is a policewoman.
8) When I ________ I feel happy.
9) I was very _______ when you said you were 60 years old because you look very young.
10) My mother is very ________about my younger brother because he doesn't like to study.

10. Compare the vowel sounds:

/@u/ /O:/ /au/ /a:/ /V/ /u:/ /u/

s@u sO: sau@ s@: sVm su:p sut
k@ut kO:t Kau k@:s kVp ku:l kuk
S@u SO:t Saut S@:t SVt Su: Sud
b@ut bO:l Bau b@:d bVt bu:t but
 Lesson Thirty-One
aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0,  第三十一课
New Words
western /"west@n/ a. /2-KR$?-GA, 西方的 crowded /"kraUdId/ a. :5%-#-(J-2,  拥挤的,

Europe /'ju@r@p/ n. ;R-<R2-\A%-, 欧洲 塞满的

high /haI/ a. 3,R/-0R,  高的
Belgium0J-&3, 0A-=A-ZA,比利时
cover /"kVv@/ vt. 2!2-0,  覆盖
olive /"QlIv/ n. A-<-<,  橄榄树
snow /sn@U/ n. & v. #-2,  雪
grow /gr@U/ vt. *J?-0, :.J2?-:6$?, 生长,
mainly /"meInli/ adv. $4S-2R<,  主要地,大体上
种植
north /nO:T/ n. L%-KR$?,  北,北部 German /%dZ3:m@n / a. & n. :)<-3/-{.,  德

rainy /"reIni/ a. (<-8R.-(J-2,  下雨的,多雨的 语

Latin /'l&tin / n. =-,A/-{.,  拉丁语
seldom /"seld@m/ ad. @-&%-*%-2,  很少,不常
dry /draI/ a. {3-0R,  干的,干燥的 
hot /hQt/ a. 5-2,  热的,
consonant /"kQns@n@nt/ n. $?=-LJ.,  辅音,辅
Mediterranean /%medIt@"reInI@n/ adj. ?-.GA=-
音字母
o-35S, 地中海 living language  2!R=-28A/-0:A-{.-<A$?,  应用
orange /"QrIndZ/ n. 5-=-3, 桔子,橙子 语言, 现用的语言
lemon /"lem@n/ n. =J-3/, (o-{.-.-*A/-3/-9J<, barley /"bA:li/ n. /?, 大麦,青稞

柠檬
Netherlands /"neD@l@ndz/ n. /J-n<-=/,  荷兰

Text
Western Europe
Western Europe is the home of about 330 million people. Germany has the most people, but
Belgium and the Netherlands are the most crowded because they are smaller.
In the North it is rainy all the year round, and the weather is seldom very hot or very cold. Spain
and Italy are Mediterranean countries because they are on the Mediterranean Sea. Here, the weather is
very hot and dry in summer and rainy in winter. Oranges, lemons and olives are grown on the hot, dry
hills.
The highest mountain in Europe is Mount Blanc in the Alps and the Pyrenees are covered with
snow.
The languages of the countries in the north come mainly from old German. The languages of the
other countries come from Latin, which was spoken in Italy 2,000 years ago.

Conversation
A. I’d like to buy a recorder.
B. Is this one all right?
•162•
A. It’s a little too big. Have you got smaller ones?
B. Sorry. That’s the smallest we’ve got.
A. Then I’ll take this one. How much is it?
B. Seventy-three yuan. Please pay at the desk over there.
A. Thank you.

A. %?-1-12-:#R<-=R-8A$-*R-o-;A/,

B. :.A-&A-:S-<J.,

A. :.A-/A-&%-43-(J-:.$,   :.A-=?-(%-2-8A$-;R.-.3,
B. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, :.A-/A-%-5S<-;R.-0-=?-(J?-(%-2-.J-;A/,

A. :R-/-%?-:.A-*R-o-;A/, |R<-&A-43-;A/,

B. |R<-3R-.R/-$?3-;A/, |R<-3R-1-$:A-.%=-3R.-!J$?-2:A-?<-3R.-0<-8,

A. ,$?-eJ-(J, 

A. 我想买一个录音机。
B. 这一个可以吗？
A. 那个有点大了，有没有小一点的？
B. 很抱歉！这是我们这里最小的。
A. 那我就买这个。多少钱？
B. 73 元，请到那边去付钱。
A. 谢谢。

Drills
(A)
—Who’s younger, you or Lhamo?
—Lhamo is younger than me.
—Is she the youngest in the class?
—No, Jane’s the youngest (in the class).

a) Who, older, you or Peter, in the class, Joe

b) Who, taller, Rose or Mary, among the girls, Nancy
c) Which, bigger, your room or their room, in this building, Room 101
d) Which, more beautiful, this park or Beihai Park, in Beijing, the Summer Palace.

(B)
—Do you speak Tibetan as well as Helen?
—No, I don’t speak Tibetan as well as she does.
—So she speaks better than you?
—Right. She speaks Tibetan better than I do.

a) sing, well, Sarah

b) work, hard, David
c) swim, fast, Tim
d) play the piano, well, Betty
•163•
 Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) How many people live in western Europe? About 330 million people live there.
2) Which country has the most people? _____________________________________________
3) Which countries are the most crowded? __________________________________________
4) Why are they so crowded? ____________________________________________________
5) What’s the weather like in the north? ____________________________________________
6) Does it rain very often there? __________________________________________________
7) Where are Spain and Italy? ____________________________________________________
8) So they are called Mediterranean countries, aren’t they? _____________________________
9) What’s the weather like in these two countries? ___________________________________
10) What fruits are grown there? __________________________________________________
11) Which is the highest mountain in Europe? ________________________________________
12) Where is it? ________________________________________________________________
13) Which mountains are covered with snow? ________________________________________
14) What languages are spoken in the countries in the north? ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15) What about the languages of the other countries in this part of Europe? _________________
____________________________________________________________________________

16) Is Latin a living language? ____________________________________________________

4. Do the drills.

5. Memorize these words.

(A)
good better best many (much) more most
bad worse worst little less least

(B)
big bigger biggest large larger largest happy happier happiest
hot hotter hottest nice nicer nicest tidy tidier tidiest

(C)
Interesting/more interesting/most interesting beautiful /more beautiful /most beautiful
important /more important/ most important exciting /more exciting /most exciting

•164•
6. Answer these questions:
(A)
1) Who is younger, you or your sister? My sister is younger.
2) How much older are you?_____________________________________________________
3) Who sings better, you or your sister?_____________________________________________
4) Who works harder, you or your sister?____________________________________________
5) Who has studied English longer, you or your sister?_________________________________
6) Who has learned more English words?____________________________________________
7) Who speaks English better, you or your sister? ___________________________________
8) Who can read faster, you or your sister?___________________________________________

(B)
1) Which city is bigger, Nanjing or Hangzhou?_________________________________________
2) Is Nanjing as beautiful as Hangzhou?_______________________________________________
3) Which city is more crowded than Beijing?___________________________________________
4) Which city is more important, Beijing or Nanjing? Why do you think so?__________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5) Which is the biggest city in China?_________________________________________________
6) Which is the most beautiful lake in China?___________________________________________
7) Which part of the country is hottest?______________________________________________
8) Where do we find the best weather?________________________________________________

7. Look at the new words for Lesson 31. Write a new word in the blanks to make correct sentences.
1) The Tibet Autonomous Region is in the __________ part of China.
2) F_________ and B___________ are countries in w_____________ E_______________
3) An o_____ is a small green fruit that grows in Italy.
4) Does your family ____________ barley?
5) South is the opposite of ______________.
6) The opposite of sunny is ___________.
7) I ___________ write a letter to my parents. I usually telephone them.
8) The opposite of cold is ___________.
9) Spain is near the _______________ Sea.
10) I don't like apples, I like _______________.
11) The __________ is a yellow fruit.
12) Holland is another name for the ________________________.
 13) The bus was so ________________ that there was no place for me to sit.
14) The opposite of low is __________.
15) I usually ___________ my head with a hat.
16) It is white and cold. It is _____________.
17) At home, I ___________ speak Tibetan.
18) In Germany, people speak ___________.
19) _________ is an old language that people used to speak in Italy.
20) The opposite of wet is _________.

7. Review these consonants. $?=-LJ.-;A-$J-2*<-.%-LJ.-0,  学习辅音字母。

/T/ /D/ /S/ /tS/

TiN&k D3@ SO:t tS3@
TiNk Di:z Si: tS&t
TO:t D@uz S@u 'tSain@
mVmT 'mVD@ brVS wOtS
/dZ/ /tr/ /dr/
dZein trein drai
dZVst trai dr@uv
dZ&m tri: dri:m
eidZ 'kVntri drOp

•166•
 Lesson Thirty-Two (A)
aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课
New Words
businessman /"bIzn@sm&n; "bIzn@sm@n/ n.
5S%-2,  商人
taxi /"t&ksi/ n. \-LJ.-_%?-:#R<, 
($/3-P) 计程车,出租车
captain /"k&ptIn/ n P-.0R/, .J.-.0R/,  船长, island /'ail@nd/ n. \A%-U/,  岛,岛屿

机长 ocean /"@USn/ n. o-35S,  大海,海洋

unusual /Vn"ju:Zu@l; -Z@l/ ad. o/-w/-3A/-0,  异 dangerous /"deIndZ@r@s/ a. *J/-#-(J-2,  危险的
常的,不平常的
forget /f@"get/ vt. 2eJ.-0,  忘记 
begin /bI"gIn/ vt. :$R-lR3-0,  开始
lady /"leIdi/ n. t3-3R,  女士
service /"s@:vis/ v. 82?-:.J$?,  服务
behind /bI"haInd/ prep. v$-o2,  再…之后
carry /"k&ri/ vt. *J=-2, HJ<-2,  携带,运送
counter /"kaUnt@/ n. 1R3-!J$?,  柜台
wonderful /"wVnd@fl/ a. H.-:1$?, ;-35/, 
gentleman /"dZentlm@n/ n. {-82?,  先生
奇妙的,极好的
land /l&nd/ vi. ?<-:22-0,  降落,着陆 relative pronouns :VJ=-2:A-52-5B$ 关系代词

anywhere /"eniwe@/ ad. ?-(-$%-<%-,  任何地 relative adverbs :VJ=-2:A-2i/-5B$ 关系副词

方 Welsh /welS/ adj. 2J=-ZA:A-{.-.3-3A,  威尔士人

refuse /rI"fju:z/ vt. #?-3-]%?-0,  拒绝
Wales /weilz/ n. 2J=-ZA-o=-#2,  威尔士 
strange /streIndZ/ a. o?-3J.-0, ;-35<-2,  陌
生的,奇怪的
request /rI"kwest/ vt. <J- 2, ]%- L- :.R/- 0,  要求, photograph /"f@Ut@grA:f/ n.:S-0<,   
请求   照片,相片

Text
A Taxi
Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The “Taxi” is a
small plane which can carry seven passengers. This wonderful plane can land anywhere.
Captain Fawcett’s first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a small village in the
Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.
Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman who wanted to fly to a
small island in the Atlantic Ocean. Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too
dangerous.

•167•
 Conversation
A. I bought two dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.
B. Who served you, sir?
A. The lady who is standing behind the counter.
B. Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Miss Roberts? He says he is the man who bought
two books. Is this the man that you served?
C. Yes, sir. This is the man I served. Here are the books you left here.

A. %?-.?-5S.-KJ.-!:A-}R/-=-:.A-/?-5B$-36S.-$*A?-*R?-3R.-,

B. {-82?-=$?, HJ.-=-82?-:.J$?-8-3#/-.J-?-<J.,
  :R/-+J-HJ<-o-2eJ.-?R%-,

A. 1R3-!J$?-GA-v$-o2-/-=%?-;R.-0:A-2.-3J.--.J-<J.,

B. Y?-3R-<-0A<-5B, HJ.-GA?-.?-5S.-$&A$-.%-KJ.-!:A-}R/-=-{-82?-:.A<-82?-:.J$?-8?-0-;A/-/3, #R?-2>.-/-#R-

/A-.0J-(-:.A-.$-*R-3#/-;A/-9J<, HJ.-GA?-82?-:.J$?-8?-0:A-3A-.J-#R-<%-AJ-<J.,
C. <J.-=$?, #R-<%-%?-82?-:.J$?-8?-0:A-3A-.J-<J., :.A-/A-HJ.-GA?-2*<-2:A-.0J-(-;A/, 

A. 我半小时前在这里买了两本字典，但我忘了把它们带走。
B. 是谁为您服务的，先生？
A. 站在柜台后面的那位女士。
B. 他说他是买那两本书的人，你服务过的就是这个人吗？
C. 是的，先生，就是他。这是你留下的两本书。

Drills
(A)
—Is this the radio you bought?
—Yes, it is.
—It’s very good, isn’t it?
—The one Sally bought is even better.

a) the room, you took, big, the room Ms. Green took
b) the paper flowers, you made, pretty, the ones my sister made.
c) the pictures, you took in the park, nice, the ones Nancy took
d) the book, you are going to translate, difficult, the one Mary’s going to translate

(B)
—Do you know the American who spoke here yesterday?
—Yes, I do. He’s a friend of Peter’s.
—Who’s Peter?
—The man who taught here last year.

a) the girl, is standing at the door, Nora’s cousin, lives in Room 304
b) the young man, is speaking to the Director, Nancy’s brother, studies Tibetan History here
c) old man, is sitting behind David, Sarah’s uncle, worked with us last year.
d) woman, rang you up just now, Tom’s aunt, came to help us yesterday.

•168•
 Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer the questions.

1) What has Captain Fawcett done? 7) Who was his first passenger?
(He has bought a taxi.) 8) Where did he go?
2) Is it a car? 9) Has Captain Fawcett had many passengers
3) Is it a big plane or a small one? since then?
4) How many passengers can it carry? 10) Has he received a strange request?
5) What’s wonderful about the plane? 11) What was he asked to do?
6) What has Captain Fawcett done with the 12) Did he do that?
plane? 13) Why did he refuse?

4. Do the drills. $>3-IA-5B$-.$-4J=-.$R?,  做习题

5. Join the sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs where necessary.
1) The man wrote the song. The man is a worker. (The man who wrote the song is a worker.)
2) A girl came to see me this morning. The girl lives on the next street.
3) We bought a new TV set last week. Here it is.
4) You want to see a gentleman. Is that the gentleman?
5) Jane told a story. What did you think of it?
6) He took a photograph. It was excellent.
7) l know a man. His father works in the army.
8) The doctor saved the boy’s life. This is the boy.
9) She stayed in a hotel last summer. This is the hotel.
10) Let’s sit over there. We can hear the speaker better there.
11) We first met on that day. I always remember that day.
12) We are talking about the old days. We were in college together.

6. Answer these questions:

1) What’s the first English word you learnt? (The first English word I learnt was “I.”)
2) What’s the first English song you learnt?
3) Do you still remember the first English teacher who taught you?
4) How did you like the lesson we had last week?
5) What did you think of the film we saw last night?
6) Is the story we are reading very interesting?
7) Is there a shop around where we can buy fruit?
8) Is this the place where you heard your first English talk?
9) Do you still remember the days when you were a little boy (girl)?
10) What kind of teacher do you like?
11) What kind of people do you like?
12) What kind of books do you like to read?

•169•
7. Fill in the blanks below:
1) You can go ______ if you have an airplane.
2) When did you ____________ to study English?
3) The opposite of "in front of" is ____________.
4) My uncle is a ____________ and makes a lot of money.
5) My older brother is an airplane ____________ and flies an airplane.
6) This is heavy. Please help me ____________it.
7) The woman behind the ____________ helped me buy a new pair of shoes.
8) Riding a horse can be ____________.
9) I'm getting older and now I ________ a lot of students' names.
10) The ________ on the bus offered his seat to a woman holding a baby.
11) Hainan Province is an ____________.
12) The ____________ offered her seat on the bus to the old gentleman.
13) How much ____________ does your family have for its yaks?
14) The Atlantic and Pacific are ____________.
15) When he asked her to marry her, she said no. She did ____________.
16 ) He made a strange _________--that she mix noodles with his zamba.
17) The taxi ____________ in Xining is very good.
18) What a ________ person you are to wear a large heavy coat when it is hot in summer.
19) I took a ____________ to the museum because we were in a hurry.
20) The opposite of usual is ____________.
21) It is a ____________ idea to help poor people.

8. Read these words in transcription.

(A)
/b&k/ /fa:st/ /T@:d/ /hOt/
/SO:t/ /sVN/ /dZi:p/ /TiNk/
/f3@/ /D@m/ /tSu:z/ /tau@/
/kwait/ /sO:t/ /trei/ /dr@uv/

(B)
/'zi@r@u/ /'teknik@l/ /'laibr@ri/ /'p&kidZ/
/'@raund/ /bi'haind/ /di'said/ /k@m'bain/
/in'definit/ /in'tenS@n@/ /'rev@'lu:S@n/ /@'biliti/
/tek'ncl@dZi/ /I'meZ@rbl/ /'bu@Zwa:'zi:/ /mi'ra:Z/

•170•
 Lesson Thirty-Two (B)
aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课
Text
Donkey Butter
king has charged local people a butter tax. If they have not paid the butter tax, he severely

A punishes them. For this reason the local people do not like the King.
Uncle Dunba is very poor. He does not have much property. One day Uncle Dunba goes
near the King’s home and begins beating his son. When the King sees this he asks Uncle
Dunba, “Why are you beating your son?”
Uncle Dunba sadly replies, “My son has killed my donkey. Now I can’t pay you your butter
tax.”
The King is speechless for a moment and then replies, “You pay your tax with donkey
butter?”
“That’s right,” says Uncle Dunba.
The King takes Uncle Dunba to his storeroom and asks, “Do you know which butter is the
donkey butter?”
“Yes,” replies Uncle Dunba.
The King says, “I do not eat donkey butter. Please take your donkey butter out of my
storeroom.”
Uncle Dunba chooses the best butter and happily returns to his home.
The king has now stopped charging local people a butter tax.

Excercises
1. Answer the following questions.
a. Who didn’t own much property?
b. Who were severely punished?
c. Why was the King not liked?
d. Why did Uncle Dinba beat his son?
e. How did Uncle Dinba trick the King?
f. What lesson does this story teach?

•171•
 Lesson Thirty-Three
aR2-5/-?R-$?3-2,  第三十三课 
 

New Words
horse race g-o$?-:P/-2#<,  赛马  yogurt /"jQg@t/ n. 8R,  酸奶

picnic /"pIknIk/ n. \A%-$-$+R%-2,  野餐 invite /In"vaIt/ v. $./-:SJ/-8-2,  邀请

to hold (a festival)(.?-(J/-IA)36.-|R-%J=-2,  举 decorated /"dek@reItId/ a. 3?-0, 2o/-0,  装饰

行   了的,装修过的
by all means ,2?-2o-)?-!R%-$A-|R-/?,  尽一切办法 founded /faUndId/ adj. fJ.-0, >J?-0,  发现,感
rifle /"raIfl/ n. 3J-3.:, <A%-3.:,  步枪  到
woven /"w@uv@n/ a. :,$-0, 编织的 nomadic /n@u"m&dik/ n. :VR$-0:A,  游牧的

area /"e@ri@/ n. ?-(,  地区,区域

skill /skIl/ n. l=,  技能,本领 
located $/?-0, ($?-0,  位于,坐落于,
memorize /"mem@raIz/ v.]R<-:6B/-0,  记住,记
忆 lecture /"lektS@/ n. $?%-2>., $+3-2eR.,  演讲
to perform :O2-!R/-LJ.-0,  表演,演出  attended 8$?-0,  参加,出席
passive voice U.-$8/-.2%-&/,  被动式 sheepskin =$-x$?,  羊皮
ridden at full gallop (J?-M<-2:A-$R3-!2?,  最大步幅 
mutton /"mVtn/ n. =$->,  羊肉  
good chance to experience *3?-MR%-=J/-0:A-

$R-{2?-29%-0R,  得(获)经验的好机会 
target /"tA:gIt/ n. :2J/-/3-.3A$?-;=,  目标 
tent /tent/ n. 4-$<,  
<?-$<,  帐篷 
traditional /tr@di"S@nl/ adj.YR=-o/-IA,  传统的

performed VR-?R$?-:O2-0,  表演,演出 sheep /Si:p/ n. =$ 羊

Text
Tibetan Horse Races
Have you ever heard of the horse races in Kham? The largest ones are held in Yushu and Litang,
although many smaller ones are held in other areas. Tibetan men ride their horses wearing traditional
clothes. The horses are ridden at full gallop across the grassland. The riders use things such as rifles
and khatag to test their riding skills. Rifles are shot at small paper targets, while in another event
several khatag are put on the ground in a row and picked up by the riders.
Of course, Tibetans sing and dance a lot at the horse race festivals. Songs are sung in both
Tibetan and Chinese. Dances are performed by men and women together.
These festivals are also a good chance to experience Tibetan food. Families and friends have
picnics and eat lots of meat, yogurt, bread and noodles. Although this food is often eaten at other

•172•
times as well, Tibetans may invite you to sit down and eat with them. If you are invited to do so, by
all means join them…it’s part of the fun!

Conversation
A: What’s this called? I’ve never seen one before.
B: It’s called a “khatag.”
A: What are they made of?
B: They are usually made of white silk but there are also blue and yellow ones.
A: What are they used for?
B: They are used for greeting people. When we meet special people, khatag are put around their
necks.
A: Oh… so they’re for special people. Now I know why I’ve never seen one before!

A: :.A-=-&A-8A$-9J<, %?-}R/-(.-:.A-:S-8A$-$+/-/?-3,R%-3-MR%-,

B: :.A- =-#-2+$?-9J<,

A: .J-&A-8A$-$A?-P2-0-<J.,

B: ,A<-.J-5S-.<-.!<-IA?-29R?-0-;A/-3R., }R/-0R-.%-?J<-0R:%-;R.,,

A: .J-5S-.$R?-3#R-$%-$A-(J.-.-29R?-0-;A/,

B: .J-5S-/A-3A-=-.$:-2?-8-(J.-.-29R?-0-;A/-=, %-5S-3A-H.-0<-&/-.%-,$-{2?-#-2+$?-i3?-#R%-5S:C-3$=-=-2{R/-

0-;A/,
A: AR, .J?-/-.J-5S-3A-H.-0<-&/-=-:2=-2-;A/-0-=, .-%?-.J-5S-.J-}R/-3-3,R%-2:A-o-35/->J?-L%-, 

A: 这个叫什么？我以前从来没见过。
B: 这叫“哈达。”
A: 是用什么做的？
B: 它们通常是用白色的丝做的，不过也有蓝色的和黄色的哈达。
A: 它们是用来做什么的？
B: 它们是用来向人致意的。当我们见到一些特殊的人时，就把哈达挂在他们的脖子上。
A: 哦...原来它们是给特殊的人的。现在我明白了为什么我以前从来没见过哈达！

Drills
(A)
___ Have you ever been to a Tibetan festival?
___Yes, I have. It was held near Lhasa.
___Were the songs sung well?
___Yes, of course.

a) a Tibetan dance, performed, people, dressed

b) the Potala Palace, built, rooms, decorated
c) a Tibetan monastery, founded, walls, painted
d) a nomadic area, located, tents, woven

•173•
 (B)
___ Was the homework done on time?
___ No, it wasn’t.
___ When was it done?
___ It was done yesterday.

a) lecture, given, at half past eight

b) meeting, held, last night
c) class, started, at a quarter past nine
d) shop, shut, at eleven o’clock

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text and memorize it.

3. Circle the passive voice forms in the text.

4. Answer these questions.

1) What is the text about? It's about a Tibetan horse race.
2) Have you ever seen a horse race festival? ________________________________________
3) Where are the largest ones held in Kham?________________________________________
4) Tibetan men ride their sheep, don’t they?_________________________________________
5) What do they wear?__________________________________________________________
6) Are the horses ridden at full gallop?______________________________________________
7) What things do the riders use to test their skills?____________________________________
8) Rifles are used to shoot at targets, aren’t they?_____________________________________
9) Where are khatag spread?______________________________________________________
10) Who picks up the khatag? ____________________________________________________
11) Do Tibetans sing and dance a little or a lot?_______________________________________
12) How are the songs sung?_____________________________________________________
13) Whom are the dances performed by?____________________________________________
14) What else can one experience at these festivals?___________________________________
15) What kind of Tibetan food is eaten?_____________________________________________
16) Do Tibetans often invite others to eat with them?__________________________________
17) If you are invited to join them, what should you do?________________________________

5. Do the drills.

•174•
6. Turn these into special (“wh~”) questions.
1) The festivals are held around Kham. Where are the festivals held?
2) The festivals are held in early summer.__________________________________________
3) They are attended by thousands of people._______________________________________
4) Horses are ridden by Tibetans.________________________________________________
5) Both rifles and khatag are used during the festival.________________________________
6) They are used for testing the rider’s skills._______________________________________
7) Tibetan dancers are dressed beautifully._________________________________________
8) Tibetan clothes are made of yak hair and sheepskin._______________________________

7. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

1) He does his homework in the evening. (His homework is done in the evening.)
2) She milks the yaks near the tent._____________________________________________________
3) Tibetans often eat mutton.__________________________________________________________
4) Nomads make tents with yak hair.___________________________________________________
5) A wolf killed the sheep.____________________________________________________________
6) He gave us some meat._____________________________________________________________
7) Farmers will plant barley in the spring._______________________________________________
8) Students should study Tibetan hard.__________________________________________________
9) They are eating zamba now.________________________________________________________

•175•
 Lesson Thirty-Four
aR2-5/-?R-28A-2,  第三十四课 

New Words
herdsman /"ha:dzman/ n. :VR$-0,  牧人 graze /greIz/ vi. vt. (K$?):5S-2,  放牧

livestock /"laIvstQk/ n. |R-K$?,  家畜,牲畜  mutton /"mVtn/ n. =$-> 羊肉

yak /y&k/ n. $;$ 牦牛 particularly /p@"tIkj@l@li/ adv. z$-0<-., H.-0<-.,

goat /g@Ut/ n. <-3,  山羊 独特地,显著地

long-sleeved 1-,%-<A%-2R,  长袖的
sheep /Si:p/ n. =$ 羊
Tibetan robe 2R.-H->3-<A%-&/,  藏式长袍
cheese /tSi:z/ n. K<-2,  奶酪,干酪,乳酪
take the animals out |R-K$?-i3?-|R-KA<-1.-0,
cream /kri:m/ n.:R-3A,  乳脂
在外放牧
yogurt /"jQg@t/ n. 8R,  酸奶 held a festival gJ/-:VJ=-IA-36.-|R-%J=-2,  举行节日

gracefully /"greIsfli/ adv. |J$-*3?-w/-0:A-%%-/?,  stamp the ground ?-=-b%-h2-LJ.-0,  跺(脚),

优美地 leather boots !R-2-=?-29R?-0:A-:)<-g,  皮靴

butter tea .N$?-), 3<-),  酥油茶
festival /"festIvl/ n. .?-(J/,  节日
worship /"w@:Sip/ adj. K$-:5=-2, 3(R.-:2=,   
拜神,敬神
local /"l@Ukl/ adj. ?-$/?,  地方的,乡土的
foot of a mountain <A-2R:C-:.2?-?:3-<A-:.2?-8A$ 山脚
female (female yaks) /"fi:meIl/ adj. 3R, (:VA,)
雌的，（雌牦牛）
roasted barley mixed with butter, cheese, tea and
a little sugar (zamba) l3-0,(2dR?-9A/-0:A-/?-KJ-

mountain god $8A-2.$ 土地神,山神 3<-.%-(<-2-)-.%-!-<-*%-%-8A$-.%-2YJ?-/?-29R?-

horse race g-o$?,  赛马  0-;A/,) 糌粑

archery contest 3.:-l=-:P/-2#<,  箭术赛  sleepy /"sli:pi/ adj. $*A.-:R%-2, $*A.-3-?.,想睡的,

wrestling match :)-<J?-:P/-2#<,  摔跤比赛 嗜眠的

grassland /"gra:sl&nd/ n. C-,%-,  草原

•176•
 Text
Zhaxi Takes a Friend Home'
Last summer, Zhaxi, an English student at Beijing University, took John, his American friend, to
his home in north Tibet.
Zhaxi’s parents are herdsmen and they live in a tent. They move two times each year. In winter,
they live at the foot of a mountain and in summer, they live in the mountains.
They have a large number of livestock: 37 yaks and cows, 55 goats, 77 sheep and 20 horses.
They milk the female yaks, cows and goats. Zhaxi’s mother makes butter, cheese, cream, and yogurt
from the milk. Everyday, Zhaxi’s father takes the animals out to the grassland to graze.
John enjoyed Tibetan food. He ate roasted barley mixed with butter, cheese, tea and a little sugar
and drank butter tea. He also liked the boiled mutton and yak meat.
During John’s visit, local Tibetans held a festival. Many Tibetans met near a mountain to
worship the local Mountain God. There were horse races, archery contests, wrestling matches, and
much dancing. John found the dancing particularly interesting. Several hundred Tibetan men and
women danced wearing their long-sleeved Tibetan robes. The men stamped the ground with their
leather boots while the women gracefully waved their long white sleeves.
John enjoyed himself and hopes to visit Zhaxi’s family again.

Conversation
Zhaxi: John, would you like to visit my home in north Tibet this summer?
John: Yes, very much. What are your parents' jobs?
Zhaxi: They are herdsmen. They live in tents.
John: Where do they live during the year?
Zhaxi: They move two times each year. In winter, they live at the foot of a mountain. In summer,
they move to the mountains.
John: Does your family have much livestock?
Zhaxi: Yes, we do. We have yaks, cows, goats, sheep, and horses. Altogether, we have more than
100 animals.
John: What kind of food does your family eat?
Zhaxi: In summer, we eat butter, cheese, cream and yogurt. And in every season we eat meat.
John: It sounds very interesting! When do we leave?
Zhaxi: As soon as you are ready!

A. )R/, HJ.-<%-.-=R:C-.L<-#<-%:A-1-;=-+J-2R.-GA-L%-KR$?-=-:PR-:.R.-.3,

B. %-<%-@-&%-:PR-:.R., HJ.-GA-1-3-$*A?-!:A-L-2-&A-;A/,

A. #R%-$*A?-!-:VR$-0-;A/, #R-5S-4-$<-/%-.-2#.-;R.,

B. =R-:.A:A-/%-#R-5S-$%-.-2#.-;R.,

A. #R-5S?-=R-<J<-:5K<-?-,J%?-$*A?-<J<-%R<-2-;A/, .$/-#<-#R-5S-<A-:.2?->A$-+-:.$-=, .L<-#<-<A-3$R<-%R<-

2-;A/,
B. HJ.-5%-=-K$?-9R$-3%-0R-;R.-.3, 

A. ;R., %J.-5%-=-$;$-.%-28R/-3, <-3, =$ g-2&?-;R., 2#R3?-0?-%J.-5%-=-K$?-9R$-2o-z$-;R., 
•177•
B. HJ.-5%-$A?-29:-2+%-)A-:S-$?R=-2-;A/, 

A. .L<-#<-%-5S?-3<-K<-.%-, l3-0-9-8A%-8R-:,%-=, .?-5B$?-28A-2R:C-/%-.->-3A-(.,

B. .J-/A-@-&%-*A.-0R-8A$-;A/-o-<J., %-5S-/3-:PR-o,

A. HJ.-GA?-P-1A$-L?-3-,$-+-:PR, 

扎西： 约翰，今年暑假你想去西藏北部我的家参观吗？
约翰： 是的，我很想去，你父母是干什么的？
扎西： 他们是牧民，他们住在帐篷。
约翰： 他们整年呆在哪里啊？
扎西： 他们每年要搬迁两次。冬天他们住在山脚下，夏天搬到山里去。
约翰： 你家有很多家禽吗？
扎西： 是的。我们有牦牛、奶牛、山羊、绵羊，还有马，总共有一百多。
约翰： 你们家平时吃什么样的食物？
扎西： 夏天，我们吃酥油、奶酪、奶油和酸奶，而且一年四季都吃肉。
约翰： 听起来非常有趣，我们时候走啊？
扎西： 等你准备好了马上启程。

Drills
(A)
—Did Zhaxi take an American friend to his home last summer?
—Yes, he did.
—Where does Zhaxi study?
—At Beijing University.

a) Caireng, …British, …Qinghai Teachers’ University

b) Dorji, …Swedish, …Northwest Nationalities University
c) Norwu, …French, …Southwest Nationalities University
(B)
—Where do Zhaxi’s parents live in winter?
—In winter, they live at the foot of a mountain.

a) summer, …in the mountains

b) spring, …on the grassland
c) autumn, …in a tent near a lake

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Write questions about the sentences.

1) Zhaxi studies at Beijing University. Where does Zhaxi study?
2) Zhaxi studies English. ______________________________________________________
3) Zhaxi’s parents are herdsmen and they live in a tent. ________________________________

•178•
 4) Zhaxi’s family lives at the foot of a mountain in winter. ______________________________
5) Zhaxi’s family lives in the mountain in summer. ___________________________________
6) Zhaxi’s family has 37 yaks and cows, 55 goats, 77 sheep and 20 horses.
___________________________________________________________________
7) John ate roasted barley mixed with butter, cheese, tea and a little sugar, boiled mutton and yak
meat. _______________________________________________________________
8) John drank butter tea. ___________________________________________________
9) Local Tibetans held a mountain god festival during John’s visit to Zhaxi’s home.
________________________________________________________________
10) John enjoyed his visit and hopes to visit Zhaxi’s family again.
_______________________________________________________________

4. Answer the questions below:

1) Who is John?______________________________________________________________
2) Where is John from? ________________________________________________________
3) Who is Zhaxi? _____________________________________________________________
4) Where does Zhaxi study? _____________________________________________________
5) Where is Zhaxi's home? ______________________________________________________
6) What is Zhaxi's parents' job? __________________________________________________
7) Where does Zhaxi's family live? _______________________________________________
8) Who live in a tent? __________________________________________________________
9) How many times a year do they move? __________________________________________
10) Where do they live in summer? _______________________________________________
11) Where do they live in winter? _________________________________________________
12) When do they live in the mountains? ___________________________________________
13) What livestock do they have? _________________________________________________
14) What does Zhaxi's mother make? ______________________________________________
15) What did John enjoy? _______________________________________________________
16) What is zamba? ____________________________________________________________
17) What did John eat? _________________________________________________________
18) What did John drink? _______________________________________________________
19) Who held a local festival? ____________________________________________________

•179•
 20) Where did many Tibetans meet? _______________________________________________
21) What did John find particularly interesting? ______________________________________
22) Who stamped the ground? ____________________________________________________
23) What did the women wave? ___________________________________________________
24) What does John hope? _______________________________________________________

5. Fill in the blanks below with new words from this lesson.
1) I won the ________________during Losar in my village.
2) I like to drink _____________ when I eat bread for breakfast.
3) I put dried ____________ in my zamba.
4) I like to eat the ____________ on top of milk.
5) Losar is an important Tibetan ____________.
6) It looks like a sheep. It is a ____________.
7) She dances very ____________.
8) How many yaks and sheep can you see on the ____________?
9) The sheep and yaks do ____________ on the grassland.
10) My family members are all ____________. We have many yaks and sheep.
11) My little brother won the ____________ on our family's fast horse.
12) Sheep, cows, yaks, and horses are all ____________.
13) I'm not from this place so I don't know any of the ____________ people.
14) My Tibetan robe is _________________________.
15) People in my home place worship the local ____________ ____________.
16) Cooked sheep meat is ____________.
17) I like meat, ____________ mutton.
18) Mutton is cooked ____________ meat.
19) My family has a big black yak hair ____________ that we use in summer.
20) I always wear a ____________ ____________ when I am herding.
21) People in my home place ____________ the local mountain god.
22) Boys and young men like to join the __________ _________ during the summer festival.
23) It is an important animal for Tibetans because it gives us milk, hair, and meat. It carries things.
It is very big. It is the ____________.
24) It is made from milk. You may feel sleepy if you eat it. It is white. It is ____________
•180•
 Lesson Thirty-Five
aR2-5/-?R-s-2,  第三十五课

New Words
temple /"templ/ n. z-#%-,   寺,神殿 significance /sIg"nIfIk@ns/ n. .R/-~A%-,  意义,

New Year’s Holiday =R-$?<-.?-(J/,  新年假 含义 

期
Kumbum {-:23,   塔尔寺 Buddha image ?%?-o?-GA-{-:S,

Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism 2R.-2o.-/%- 佛像

2!/-.$J-=$?-0:A-P2-3,:,  格鲁派,黄教
deity /"deI@ti/ n. z,  神 
Tsongkhapa 4S%-#-2,    宗喀巴
butter sculpture 3<-29R?-{-:S,(3J-+R$-3(R.-o/,) 
founder /"faUnd@/ n. YR=-:LJ.-3#/,  创始人
酥油花
reform movement =J$?-2&R?,   改革 atmosphere /"&tm@sfI@/ n. #R<-;$ 3#:-.2$?, 

气氛 remain /rI"meIn/ vi. >=-28$ >=-gJ/,

遗留
spinning prayer wheel 3-EA-:#R<-
publishing house .0<-#%-,  出版社
=R, 转经筒
scripture /"skrIptS@/ vt. & vi. .3-0:A-$?%-<2, 
burning conifer needles >$-=R-YJ$-0, 焚烧柏
(R?-.0J, 经典,佛经
枝(刺柏)
chanting /tSA:ntIN/ v. 3$<-3-?R$?-:.R/-0,  诵 wood-block 0%-=J2, .0<->A%-,  木板的

经 coated /"k@Utid/ adj. L$?-0, 2{?-0,  涂上一

impression /Im"preSn/ n. 2$-($?, :(<-$%-,
层的
印象 religion /rI"lIdZ@n/ n. (R?-=$?,  宗教
Lama /"la:m@/ n. 9-2,  喇嘛
over the New Year Holiday =R-$?<-.?-!R/-IA-
pilgrim /"pIlgrIm/ n. $/?-3)=-2,  朝圣者
<A%-=, 新年假期
do prostrations $?-K$-:5=-2,  叩长头
famous /"feIm@s/ adj. {.-P$?-(J-2:A, 著名的
eager /"i:g@/ adj. {R3-0-(-:.R.-v<-IA, 渴望的

•181•
explain /Ik"spleIn/ vt. :PJ=-2>.-LJ.-0:3-8A2-2eR., decide /dI"saId/ vt. ,$-$&R.-0, 决定,决心

解释,阐明  invitation /%InvI"teISn/ n. 3PR/-:2R.-.3-$./-8, 

various /"ve@ri@s/ adj. :S-3A/-$-5S$?-GA:3-&A-
邀请
<A$?,  各种各样的 National Day holiday o=-!R/-.?-(J/,  国庆节

especially /I"speS@li/ adv. H.-0<-.:3-z$-0<-., 假期

Labor Day holiday %=-lR=-.?-(J/,  劳动节假
特别,尤其
carved by hand =$-0?-2bR?-0,  手工雕刻 期
not soon forget M<-.-2eJ.-3A-,2-0<,  不会很快忘
coated with ink $$-5-L$?-0,  涂墨水
记
valuable collection l-(J-2:A->=-28$-$3-l-(J:A-
...if you like $=-+J-HJ.-GA?-:.R.-/,  如果你想(要)
2#-<2,  珍贵收藏
love to LJ.-:.R.-0:3-3R?-0-L%-2,  喜爱,热爱

Text
Liz Visits a Tibetan Temple
Lhamo, an English student at a college in Qinghai, took Liz, her English friend, to her home over
the New Year holiday. Lhamo lives near Kumbum, a famous temple of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan
Buddhism. Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Yellow Sect, was born here in 1357 and began a reform
movement in Buddhism.
Liz was eager to see the temple which they visited together. Lhamo explained the significance of
the various Buddha images and other deity images. Liz was impressed with the beauty of the images
and found the butter sculptures especially interesting. She also found the atmosphere of the temple
very special. The spinning prayer wheels, smell of burning conifer needles, sound of chanting, and
ringing bells made an impression she will not soon forget.
They also saw many Lamas and pilgrims at the temple. Pilgrims had come from Tibetan areas in
Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai, and from Tibet. Many pilgrims were doing prostrations before the
temple building where some remains of Tsongkhapa are kept.
Liz and Lhamo also visited the publishing house of the temple. Here, scriptures are printed by
hand from wood-blocks. Blocks of wood are carved by hand, coated with ink and then the scriptures
are printed. The temple has a very valuable collection of many scriptures. Liz left the temple feeling
that she had seen a very interesting example of Tibetan culture. She decided to learn more about
Tibetan history and religion so that the next time she visited the temple, she would understand more.

Conversation
Lhamo: Liz, would you like to visit my home this New Year holiday? I live near Kumbum. We could
visit it together if you like. Have you ever visited a Tibetan temple before?
Liz: Oh, Lhamo! I would love to visit your home. I’ve always wanted to visit a Tibetan temple
but I’ve never had the chance.
Lhamo: Do you know why Kumbum is important?

•182•
Liz: I really don’t know much about Tibetan religion and culture, Lhamo. Why is Kumbum
important?
Lhamo: Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, was born in 1357 at the
present temple site. Kumbum is one of the largest Tibetan temples in China. Pilgrims
from many Tibetan areas come there to worship.
Liz: It sounds very interesting. Thank you so much for the invitation.

z-3R,    =A?-9A, HJ.-<%-=R-$?<-{2?-?-%J.-5%-=-:PR-:.R.-.3, %-<%-{-:23-IA-,$-*J-/-2#.-;R., $=-
+J-HJ.-<%-:PR-:.R.-/-%-5S-3*3-.-?R%-(R$ HJ.-<%-}R/-(.-2R.-GA-.$R/-0<-3)=-MR%-%3,
=A?-9A, z-3R, %-<%-HJ.-5%-=-:PR-:.R.-(J, .-v:A-2<-.-2R.-GA-.$R/-0<-3)=-:.R.-G%-%-=-$R-{2?-3-L%-,   
z-3R,    HJ.-GA?-{-:23-.$R/-0-.J-:S:A-:$%?-(J/-;A/-0:A-o-35/->J?-?3,
=A?- 9A, %- =- 2R.- GA-(R?-=$?-.%-<A$-$/?-=-.%R?-$/?-(-o?-&A-;%-3J., z-3R, {-:23- .$R/-0-:$%?-(J/-;A/-0:A- o-
35/-&A-<J.,
z-3R,    E-?J<-2!/-0:A-YR=-:LJ.-3#/-4S%-#-2-/A-,A-=R1357=R<-.$R/-0-($?-?-.J-<-{-:O%?-0-.%-, {-:23-.$R/-
0- /A- N%- $R:C- 2R.- GA- .$R/- 0:A- /%- /?- (J- P?- >A$- ;A/- 0?, 2R.- GA- ?- KR$?- 3%- 0R:C- ..-3R?- 3#/- i3?- .J- <-
3)=-.-;R%-2-<J.,
=A?-9A, .J-/A-@-&%-*A.-0R-8A$-;A/-o-<J., HJ.-GA?-%-<%-$./-:SJ/-8?-0<-,$?-eJ-(J,   

拉毛： 利斯，你今年春节想去我家玩吗？我家在塔尔寺附近，如果你愿意，我们还可以一起
去塔尔寺。你以前拜访过藏传佛教寺院吗？
利斯： 哦，拉毛！我非常乐意去你家玩。我一直都很想拜访一个藏传佛教寺院，但总是没机
会。
拉毛： 你知道为什么塔尔寺如此重要吗？
利斯： 拉毛，我对藏族的宗教和文化真的不太了解。为什么塔尔寺那么重要啊？
拉毛： 藏传佛教格鲁派的创始人宗喀巴 1357 年就诞生于现在塔尔寺所在的地方。它是中国最
大的藏传佛教寺院之一。很多藏区的朝圣者都去那里磕头。
利斯： 听起来很有趣，谢谢你的邀请。

Drills
(A)
—Who did Lhamo take home over the New Year holiday?
—She took Liz, her English friend, to her home.

a) National Day holiday, …Beth, …American friend

b) Labor Day holiday, …Louise, …French friend

•183•
 (B)
—What about the temple did she find interesting?
—She found the spinning prayer wheels and smell of burning conifer needles interesting.

a) sound of the chanting and ringing bells

b) butter sculptures and many pilgrims

(C)
—What did Liz decide to learn more about?
—She decided to learn more about Tibetan history.

a) Tibetan religion and culture

b) Tibetan life

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer these questions:

1) Where does Lhamo live? (In Qinghai, near Kumbum.)
2) Who did Lhamo take to her home? _________________________________________
3) What is Kumbum? ______________________________________________________

4) What was Liz eager to see? _______________________________________________

5) What did Liz and Lhamo visit together? _____________________________________
6) What impressed Liz? ____________________________________________________
7) What did she find particularly interesting? ___________________________________
8) What made an impression she will not soon forget? ____________________________
9) Where had pilgrims come from? ___________________________________________
10) What were many pilgrims doing? __________________________________________
11) Where were the pilgrims doing prostrations? _________________________________
12) What are printed by hand from wood-blocks? ________________________________
13) How are the scriptures printed? ____________________________________________
14) What did Liz decide to do? Why? __________________________________________
15) Where does Lhamo study? ________________________________________________
16) What does Lhamo study? _________________________________________________
17) Who is Lhamo? _________________________________________________________
18) Who is Liz? ____________________________________________________________
19) Where is Liz from? ______________________________________________________
•184•
20) Who went to Lhamo's home? ______________________________________________
21) When did Liz go to Lhamo's home? _________________________________________
22) Where does Lhamo live? _____________________________________________
23) What is near Lhamo's home? __________________________________________
24) What is a famous temple of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism?
___________________________________________________________________

25) Who is the founder of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism? ___________________
26) Who was born in 1357? _________________________________________________
27) Why is Tsongkhapa important? ___________________________________________
28) What did Tsongkhapa begin? _____________________________________________
29) Who began a reform movement in Buddhism? _______________________________
30) What was Liz eager to see? ______________________________________________
31) Who visited the temple together? __________________________________________
32) What did Liz explain? ___________________________________________________
33) What was Liz impressed with? ____________________________________________
34) What did Liz find especially interesting? ____________________________________
35) What did Liz find very special? ___________________________________________
36) What made an impression Liz will not soon forget? ___________________________
37) What are pilgrims? ____________________________________________________
38) Who did they see at the temple? __________________________________________
39) Where had the pilgrims come from? _______________________________________
40) What were many pilgrims doing before one temple building? ___________________
41) What is done in the temple publishing room? ____________________________________
42) How are wood-block used? ____________________________________________________
43) How are scriptures printed? ____________________________________________________
44) What are carved by hand? ______________________________________________________
45) What are coated with ink? _____________________________________________________
46) The temple has a very valuable collection of what? _______________________________
47) How did Liz feel when she left the temple? _______________________________________
48) What did Liz decide to do? ____________________________________________________
49) Why did Liz want to learn more about Tibetan history and culture?
_____________________________________________
•185•
 Lesson Thirty-Six
aR2-5/-?R-S$-2,  第三十六课 

New Words
ministers /"mInIst@(r)s/ n. ]R/-0R,  大臣

king /kIN/ n. o=-2R,  国王,君主 India /'Indi@/ o-$<,  印度

Songtsen Gampo YR%-24/-|3-0R,  松赞干布 Tang Dynasty ,%-o=-<2?,  唐朝

Palace of Unchanging Compassion 1R-V%-3A-

:I<-L3?-0-\A%-,  永久慈悲宫 Nepal /nI "pQ:l/ n. 2=-2R, 尼泊尔

AD (Anno Domini) /%eI "di:/ n. ,A-=R,  公元 great accomplishment P2-:V?-(J/-0R,  伟大的

reign /reIn/ n. .2%-+<,  统治 成就

accomplished /@"kVmplISd/ vt. choose (chose) /tSu:z/ v. $.3-0:3-$?J?-0,  选择

3%R/-I<, ;R%?-:P2,  完成,实现
magnificent /m&g"nIfIsnt/ adj. 2eA.-*3?-
alphabet /"&lf@bet/ n. $?=-LJ.-;A-$J,  字母
(J-=-36K?-#$-w/-0:A,  宏伟的,华丽的
seclusion /sI"klu:Zn/ n. 353?-=-2#.-0,   
architecture /"A:kItektS@/ n. :6$?-0/-/3-
.2J/-$/?,  隐居,僻静
A<-=?-<A$-0,  建筑(学)
religious and political commentaries (R?-YA.-
encourage /In"kVrIdZ/ v. {=-:.J.-LJ.-0:3-
$*A?-GA-2!/-2&R?,(关于)政教的解说词(书)
{=-t$  鼓励
cause of peace 8A-2.J:A-(J.-.,  为和平而…
throughout /Tru:"aUt/ adv, prep $%-?-$%-
administrative districts ;=-IA-.2%-<A?, 地方
.:3-KR$?-;R%?-?,  到处,始终
行政区(松赞干布时期)
translation /tr&nz"leISn/ n. =R-4, 2+<-(R?,    official /@"fISl/ n. $8%-$A-=?-LJ.-0, $8%-

翻译 KR$?-GA:3-.0R/-<A$?-GA,  官员,公务员
Buddhistic works ?%?-o?-(R?-=$?-GA-$?%
historical material =R-o?-GA-.%R?-m?-?3-

<2,  佛学经典 >=-gJ/,  历史资料，历史材料 

folktale/"f@Ukteil/ n. $/:-$+3,  民间故事
Thonmi Sambhota ,R/-3A-?3-SR-B,  同弥散布扎

•186•
 Text
King Song-tsen Gampo--Tibetan King
Song-tsen Gampo was born in the palace of Unchanging Compassion in 617 AD. His father was
Anomyi Song-tsen and his mother was Tsebong Sadematolgar.
When he was thirteen he became king. During his reign, he accomplished several important
things. At that time, Tibetans did not have a written language. King Song-tsen Gampo sent Thonmi
Sambhota, one of his ministers, to India. There, he studied different languages. He chose a very good
alphabet for the Tibetan language and returned to Tibet.
The king also went into seclusion, lasting more than three years. He wrote many religious and
political commentaries during this time. Later, in the cause of peace, King Song-tsen Gampo divided
Tibet into administrative districts and made many laws.
King Song-tsen Gampo also built the Potala Palace, a magnificent example of Tibetan
architecture, and encouraged the translation of many Buddhist works into Tibetan.
He had two wives. One was the daughter of the Tang Dynasty emperor, Tangtai Zong. The other
was the daughter of the King of Nepal.
For his great accomplishments, King Song-tsen Gampo is still remembered throughout Tibetan
areas today.

Conversation
John: Zhaxi, I’ve heard a lot about Song-tsen Gampo. Can you please tell me why he is so
important to Tibetans?
Zhaxi: He is one of the most famous Tibetan kings. He lived a long time ago.
John: When and where was he born?
Zhaxi: He was born in today’s Tibet in the Palace of Unchanging Compassion in 617 AD. He
became king when he was thirteen years old.
John: What is he especially remembered for?
Zhaxi: When he became king, Tibetans did not have a written language. He sent one of his officials
to India. After some years of study he returned to Tibet, and made an alphabet that was later
used to write Tibetan. He also passed many laws and divided Tibet into administrative
districts. He also built the Potala Palace in today’s Lhasa.
John: Did he marry?
Zhaxi: Yes, he had two wives. One was the daughter of a Tang emperor and the other one was the
daughter of the king of Nepal. Song-tsen Gampo is still remembered by Tibetans today.
There are many folktales and songs about him in Tibetan areas as well as much historical
material.

)R/,   2N- >A?, %?- YR%- 24/- |3- 0R:C- {R<- IA- $/?- 5=- 3% - 0R- 8A$- ,R?-MR% - , HJ.- GA?- %- =- #R%- *A.- 2R.- 0:A- /%- .-:.A-
v<-$4S-2R-8A$-;A/-0?-o-35/-$?%-2<-8,
2N->A?, #R%-/A-2R.-GA-o=-2R-3A%-P$?->A$-;A/-=, .?-;/-<A%-0R-8A$-$A-}R/-.-L%-2-<J.,
)R/, #R-<%-.?-/3-8A$-=-?-(-$%-/?-:O%?-0-<J., 
2N- >A?, #R- <%- .- v:A- z- ?:A- ><- KR$?- GA- 1R- V%- 3A- :I<- L3?- 0- \A%- 8J?- 0- .J- <- ,AA- =R 617=R<- :O%?- >A%-, .$%-=R- 2&-
$?3-IA-!J%-.-OA-=-2!R.-0-<J.,   

•187•
)R/,    3A-5%-3?-#R%-:.A-v<-?J3?-=-:6B/-0:A-o-35/-&A-<J.,
2N- >A?, #R- <%- o=- 2R<- 28$?- {2?, 2R.- =- ;A- $J- 3J.- 0?- #R?- ,R/- 3A- ?3- SR- B- *A.- o- $<- .- 3%$?- 0- <J., =R- :$:A-
eJ?- ?- ,R/- 3A?- aR2- .R%- L?- /?- KA<- 2R.- .- =R$- !J, ;A- $J- $?<- 29R- L?- /?- eJ?- ?- 2R.- ;=- .- 2!R=- 2- <J., 
      #R?- .- .%- OA3?- =$?- 3%- 0R- $+/- :2J2?- L?- >A%- 2R.- ;=- .2%- <A?- .- 3<- 2&.- =, .J%- .?- GA- z- ?:A- 1R-
V%-0R- +-=:%-28J%?-:$R-5$?-0-<J., 
)R/,    #R-<%-$*J/-1A$-L?-?3,
2N->A?, #R?-24/-3R-$*A?-28J?-0-<J., $&A$-/A-o-/$-o=-2R-,%-,J-4%-$A-Y?-3R-.%-, $&A$-/A-2=-2R-o=-2R:C-Y?-
3R-;A/, YR%-24/-|3-0R-/A-2R.-0-i3?-GA?-.-v:%-eJ?-?-S/-28A/-;R., 2R.-GA-;=-P-3%-0R<-o=-2R-#R%-$A-{R<-
IA-%$-o/-.%-\-3%-0R-8A$-;R.-=, .J-.$-/A-=R-o?-GA-.J.-$8A:A-;A$-(-$4S-2R-8A$-<J.,   

约翰： 扎西，我听过很多关于松赞干布的故事。你能告诉我他为什么对藏人来说如此重要吗？
扎西： 他是最著名的吐蕃国王之一。
约翰： 他什么时候在哪儿生的？
扎西： 他于公元 617 年出生于如今西藏的永久慈悲宫。他十三岁的时候就成了吐蕃国王。
约翰： 为什么人们这样纪念他？
扎西： 他当上国王的时候，藏族还没有文字。于是他派遣一位大臣去印度学习。学了几年以
后，那位大臣回到西藏创造了一个字母表。后来利用那些字母书写藏文。他还制定了
很多法律法规，并把吐蕃划分为不同的地方行政区。他还建造了现在拉萨的布达拉宫。
约翰： 他结过婚吗？
扎西： 是的，他有两个妃子，一个是唐朝皇帝的女儿，一个尼泊尔国王的女儿。藏族人民至
今为都记着松赞干布。藏族地区有很多关于他的故事、歌曲和历史资料。

Drill
—What did Song-tsen Gampo accomplish during his reign?
—King Song-tsen Gampo introduced a written language into Tibet.

a) wrote many religious and political commentaries

b) divided Tibet into administrative districts
c) made many laws
d) encouraged the translation of many Buddhist works into Tibetan

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Answer the following questions about the text.

1) Who was Song-tsen Gampo? (He was a very famous Tibetan king.)
__________________________________________________________________________

2) Was he born in 617 AD?

__________________________________________________________________________
•188•
3) Who were his parents?
__________________________________________________________________________
4) How old was he when he became king?
__________________________________________________________________________
5) Why did King Song-tsen Gampo send Thonmi Sambhota to India?
_________________________________________________________________________
6) How long was King Song-tsen Gampo in seclusion?
_________________________________________________________________________
7) What did he do while he was in seclusion?
_________________________________________________________________________
8) What did King Song-tsen Gampo do in the cause of peace?
_________________________________________________________________________
9) What did he build?
_________________________________________________________________________
10) What translations did King Song-tsen Gampo encourage?
_________________________________________________________________________
11) Is King Song-tsen Gampo still remembered today?
_________________________________________________________________________

•189•
 Lesson Thirty-Seven
aR2-5/-?R-2./-2,  第三十七课

New Words
altitude /"&ltitju:d/ n. o-35S:A-%R?-GA-3,R-5.,    makes the trail b%-eJ?-29R-2:3,  留踪迹，

(海拔) 高度 足迹，脚印 
Tibetan Plateau 35S-2R.-3,R-|%-,  青藏高原 single file P=-!<-$&A$-$3-#J<-3, 一列纵队，

Ladakh =-?$?,  拉达克 单行

poor diet  29:-2+%-8/-0, 29:-2+%-#$-0R,乏
Extinct /Ik"stINkt/ adj. l-3J.-$+R%-2:3-
味的食物，简旦的食物
<A$?-o.-3J.-0<-29R-2,  绝灭的,熄灭的 coarse grass o-lA%-2:A-C,  粗草

harsh highlands P%-%<-(J-2:A-3,R-|%-,  艰苦 withered leaves and twigs fA.-9A/-0:A-=R-3-

寒冷的高地 .%-;=-$ 枯萎的叶子和枝条

blood cells O$-$A-U-1%-,  血细胞
surefooted b%-2-2g/-0, 脚踏实地的，稳当的
cope with #-$+.-.-=%?-0,  应付
herds /h3:dz/ nuon. K$?-H,  兽群
violent /"vaI@l@nt/ adj S$->$?-GA?,   
in search of :5S=-28A/-0:A-OR., ---:5S=-2:3-8A2-:)$-
猛烈的,强暴的
Celsius /"selsi@s/ adj. SR.-5.-ZJ-ZA,  摄氏度  LJ.-0,  寻找
–40 (minus forty) degrees Celsius  $R<-,A$-3/- herbs /h3:bs/ n. (/-C,  药草

IA-ZA-Z-+:-28A-2&,  零下 40 摄氏度 lichen /"laik@n/ n. %%-lA,  青苔，苔藓

sweat glands 5-2:A-kJ/-2, 汗腺  gregarious animals H-<-P2-0:A-YR$-($?, H-:5S-LJ.-

efficient adaptations 1/-0:A-(-nJ/, :UR.-0:A-(- 0:A-YR$-($?,  群居的动物

nJ/-.%-/?-0, 有效适应能力 shun contact :VJ=-:SA?-.!R/-0, 避免接触

conserving heat 5-2-o/-:6B/-LJ.-0:3-SR.- gestation period 3%=-IA-.?-;/,  妊娠期

5.-:6B/-,2-0,  保存热能 probable /"prQb@bl/ adj. ;A/->R?-(J-2:3-;A/-

bathe /beID/ v. O?-LJ.-0,  洗浴 YA.-0:A,  很可能的，大概的

lead yak $-OA.-3#/-IA-$;$ 领头的牦牛 calving pattern 2J:-24:-!%?, 产(犊)式

•190•
domesticated yaks  |R-$;$(:.=-$?R-L?- uncontrolled /"Vnk@n"tr@uld/ adj. 5S.-:6B/-

9A/-0:A-$;$) 驯养的牦牛 3J.-0,  未受控制的，自由的

alternate years  =R-<J?-3R?-?,  隔年，每隔一年 poaching /p@utSiN/ n. qR$-$?R., (<A-?$?-?R$?

life span 5K-5., 3A-5K-$%-2R, 寿命，生命期限 -qR$-/?-dR/-0,)偷猎

rapid decline )J-*%-.-:PR-3IR$?-0, 迅速下降，

迅速减少

Text
Wild Yak

The wild yak is a very large animal. It was probably domesticated in Tibet over 2,000 years ago. It
is estimated that there are now around 10,000 wild yaks. There are more than 12 million domestic yaks
grazing on the Tibetan Plateau.
The domestic yak is smaller than the wild yak.
The largest wild yak may weigh 1,000 kilograms. They live at high altitudes of between 3,200 and
5,400 meters on the Tibetan Plateau. Some have been seen as far east as Gansu Province and to the
south in Ladakh. They are thought to be extinct in Nepal.
These large animals are well suited to the harsh highlands. They have more blood cells than
lowland cattle. This means they obtain more oxygen and this allows them to live comfortably at high
altitudes.
They are able to cope with the long, cold winter months of violent winds and snowstorms. The
temperature can be as low as –40 degrees Celsius.
The wild yaks have thick, long coats and few sweat glands. These are efficient adaptations for
conserving heat. They can bathe in lakes and streams in extreme cold. They can travel in deep snow. A
lead yak makes the trail and the others follow in single file, carefully stepping in the leader’s footsteps.
In winter they survive on a poor diet of dry, coarse grass and withered leaves and twigs.
In spring these surefooted animals often travel in large herds of 100-200. They go up to the higher
grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau in search of new grass, herbs and lichens. They are gregarious
animals but shun contact with humans

•191•
 The young are born in the spring months of April, May and June after a gestation period of nine
months. It is probable that the wild yak follow the calving pattern of domesticated yaks of giving birth
to a single calf in alternate years. A calf is fully grown in 6-8 years. The life span of the yak is about 25
years.
Over the last 50-60 years there has been a rapid decline in the numbers of wild yaks. Uncontrolled
hunting during the second half of the twentieth century and now poaching are important reasons why
there are fewer and fewer wild yaks.
Others reasons are bigger herds of domestic yaks that have moved into the places where wild yaks
live and diseases that wild yaks have caught from domestic yaks.

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times

3. Answer the following questions.

1) Have you seen a wild yak? If you did, describe it. Where was the wild yak when you saw it? What
was it doing? What did you think when you looked at it?
2) If you have never seen a wild yak, would you like to? Why or why not?
3) Have you heard people in your village talk about wild yaks? Who were these people and what did
they say?
4) Were there wild yaks in your home area in the past? How do you know this?
5) There are not many wild yaks left in the world today. If you were a wild yak, what would you like
to say to human beings?

4. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

1) How much does a fully-grown wild yak weigh?________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2) At what age is a wild yak fully-grown? ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3) Give two reasons for the decline in the numbers of wild yak._____________________
______________________________________________________________________
4) What do wild yaks eat?___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5) When was the wild yak first domesticated in Tibet?_____________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6) Give two examples of how the wild yak is adapted to the harsh conditions of life on the
Tibetan Plateau._________________________________________________________
7) What does “natural habitat” mean?__________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8) What is a “gregarious animal”?_____________________________________________
•192•
 _______________________________________________________________________
9) Are there more wild yaks than domestic yaks on the Tibetan Plateau?______________
______________________________________________________________________
10) What is meant by “in single file”?__________________________________________

5. Are these statements true or false? If a sentence is false, explain why.

1) There are more wild yaks today than there were fifty years ago. True False

2) High grasslands are favorite grazing areas for wild yaks in summer. True False

3) Yaks never bathe in severe cold. True False

4) The maximum age for a yak is about fifty years. True False

5) Young yaks mature in about seven years. True False

6) Wild yaks are sure-footed animals. True False

•193•
 Lesson Thirty-Eight
aR2-5/-?R-2o.-2,  第三十八课
_________________________________________________________________________
New Words
Hydatid /"haid@tid/ n. YA/-0/,  包虫,水泡

liverworm 3(A/-YA/,  肝虫
egg /eg/ n. |R-%-, 蛋，卵

larva /"l A:v@/ n. YA/-:2, 幼虫

nasty /"nA:sti/ adj ,2?-h$?-0R, || not pleasant, bad 令人讨厌的，险恶的

immature /%Im@"tjU@/ adj. 3-(A/-0:A, =R-/-3-?R/-0:A, || a living thing which is not fully-grown.

未成熟的，发育未全的
tapeworm /"teipw@:m/ n. o-YA/-/<-3R, || A parasite which attaches itself to the intestines and

can travel to other organs of the body. 绦虫

parasite /"p&r@saIt/ n. $8/-2gJ/-YA/-:2, || A living thing, which lives off another living thing. 寄生虫

infection /In"fekSn/ n. :$R?-/.-.3-<A3?-/., || Something that causes a disease in a body, so the

body becomes infected. 传染病，感染

intestines /In"testIns/ n. o-3, || The part of the body into which the remains of food passes

after the stomach. 肠

liver /"lIv@/ n. 3(A/-0, || A large organ of the body, which is a cleaning organ for the body.肝脏

cyst /sIst/ n. i$-0/, || A sac of fluid, which forms in the body and is usually damaging to health.囊肿

allergy /"&l@dZi/ n. (/-=R$ || A bad body response to a substance. 敏感症

allergic /@"l3:dZIk/ adj  (/-=R$-L%-2:A, || People can be allergic to many substances such as some
foods, dust, pollen, fur or poisonous fluids from cysts. 过敏的，患过敏症的
symptom /"sImpt@m/ n. /.-g$?, || A sign that you are ill. 症状

slaughter house or abattoir 2>R?-<, || A building where animals are killed for food. 屠宰场

precaution /prI"kO:Sn/ n. }R/-:$R$ || Taking action to prevent something dangerous or

unpleasant happening. 预防
motto /"mQt@U/ n. =J$?-2>.-.3-$.3?-%$ || A sentence or some words encouraging people

to do something good and helpful. 座右铭，格言

•194•
 Text
Hydatid Disease
Hydatid is a nasty disease. People become ill when they are infected with the immature form of
the tapeworm called echinococcus granulosus or liverworm. The worm lives in dogs and foxes. From
these carriers the tapeworms are passed to yaks, lowland cattle, sheep, goats and humans. These
tapeworms are found in many parts of the world. They are a serious health risk to people who come
into contact with infected animals.
You can be infected after touching an infected animal. After that you touch your face and mouth
with dirty hands. The eggs enter your body. The eggs develop into larvae that move into the
intestines. From the intestines the larvae travel to the liver through blood vessels. Cysts form around
the larvae within the liver. The cysts grow and grow over a long period. This may be from five to
twenty years. The cysts contain infected fluid. When they have grown big, they can block blood
vessels and the infected fluid can leak into the lungs, heart, brain and bones.
These are the common symptoms of hydatid disease.

• The liver hurts and the skin and eyes become yellow or jaundiced.
• Lung cysts cause coughing and chest pains.
• The heart can become painful and the heart beats irregularly.
• Bone cysts cause bones to break easily.
• Some people develop an allergic reaction that causes skin rashes, itching and fever.

If anyone has been in contact with infected animals and develops any of these symptoms, they should
visit a doctor immediately.

• X-rays and scans can take pictures of the body and show cysts.
• A surgeon can remove cysts.
• A drug called albenzadole is available, but it is only 30% successful in treating hydatid
disease.

Precautions against the spread of this disease are to

• Wash your hands after touching animals.

• Keep slaughterhouses clean.
• Do not let dogs near slaughterhouses.
• Treat infected dogs and other animals as quickly as possible. This may mean killing them
and burning their bodies.

YA/-0/-IA-o/-3,R%-/.-g$?-i3?-$>3-$?=,
  !    3(A/-0-/-8A%->-.%-3A$-$A-3.R$-?J<-2R:3-3OA?-3.R$-+-:I<,
#    \R-0/-IA?-\R-=.-.%-V%-#<-/-9$-aR%-,
  $    ~A%-@-&%-/-2<-:I<-8A%-:1<-wA%-LJ.-5.-o/-w/-3A/,
  %    <?-0/-IA?-<?-0-i3?-($-a-2R<-LJ., 
&    3A-#->?-=-(/-=R$-L%-/?->-*A-,R$-.3<-,A$-:22-&A%-9-:U$-=%?-+J-5-2-o?,   
•195•
$=-+J-3A-?-8A$-$A?-:$R?-/.-GA?-9A/-0:A-YR$-($?->A$-=-<J$-0<-I<-/?-/.-g$?-:.A-.$-=?-$%-<%-8A$-L%-
2<-I<-5K, #R-5S?-M<-.-(/-0-8A$-=-2!/-/-:PA$
    !    X :R.-.%-\R$-h=-2h-!R/-:U=-(?-GA?-=?-0R-:S-0<-<-2o2-&A%-i$-0/-!R/-0<-LJ.,   
    #    $>$-2&R?-L?-/?-i$-0/-3J.-0<-LJ.-(R$ 
    $    AR-0/-9/-h:-=A-9J<-2:A-(/-m?->A$-2!R=-,R.-LJ.-(R$-3R., :R/-G%-.J?-YA/-0/-(/-2&R?-LJ.-0<-
=J$?-:P2-;R%-5.-/A 30% 43-;A/,

<A3?-/.-:.A-H2-2h=-.-:PR-2<-}R/-:$R$-LJ.-0-=, 
    ! YR$-($?-=-<J$-eJ?-=$-0-2N-2, 
  # 2>?-<:A-$4%-4-o/-:HR%?-LR?, 
  $ HA-i3?-2>?-<:A-*J-:P3-=-2&<-.-3-:)R$
% :$R?-/.-;R.-0:A-HA-.%-YR$-($?-$8/-i3?-/?-5S.-GA?-M<-.-(/-2&R?-LJ.-.$R?, ,-/-.J-.$-$?R.-0:3-
3J<-2YJ$?-0:%-L-.$R?, 
这些是包虫疾病的通常症状

• 肝脏疼痛，皮肤和眼睛变成黄色或患黄疸病。
• 肺包囊引起咳嗽和胸部疼痛。
• 心脏疼痛，心跳无规律。
• 骨包囊导致骨头容易断裂。
• 有些人身上会出现一种过敏反应，导致皮肤出现皮疹，瘙痒和发烧。
• 如果任何一个人和受感染的动物接触后产生以上症状,那么此人就应该立即去看医
生。
• X 光和扫描能找出人体内的包囊。
• 一位外科医生能除去包囊。
• 有药物可治包虫疾病，但成功率只有 30%。
• 预防这种疾病的措施有：

• 与动物接触后洗手。
• 使屠宰场保持干净。
• 不要让狗接近屠宰场。
• 尽快治疗受感染的狗和其它动物。这有可能意味着把它们杀了，然后焚烧尸体。

MOTTO TAKE CARE THINK CLEAN

$.3?-%$            2.$-*R%-LJ.-0,         ;%-.$-0<-2?3-]R-$+R%-2,

•196•
 Conversation
Dorji: Do you know anyone who has had Hydatid disease?
Zhoma: One of my classmates died of that disease two years ago.
Dorji: That’s terrible!
Zhoma: Yes, we were all really sad. He was sick for a long time and then he died.
Dorji: What should someone do if they think they might have Hydatid disease?
Zhoma: They should go to a good doctor at once. He should send them to a hospital for X-rays
and scans.
Dorji: What is the treatment?
Zhoma: Surgery to cut away the cysts is one treatment. Another is to take the medicine called
albenzadole. This medicine is not always effective.
Dorji: What can we do to prevent getting Hydatid disease?
Zhoma: We must always be very careful when touching dogs, which may have the disease. We
must wash our hands after touching these dogs. That way, we can avoid getting the eggs
of the liverworm into our mouths.

#-2h, 
hR-eJ, HR.-GA?-3A-?-8A$-=-YA/-0/-L%-MR%-2->J?-?3, 
1R=-3, %:A-aR2-PR$?->A$-=R-$*A?-GA-}R/-.-<A3?-/.-.J?-:.?-9A/,
hR-eJ, .J-*R-2-=,
1R=-3, <J.-;, %-5S-5%-3-.%R?-/?-*R-?R%-, #R-.?-;/-<A%-0R-8A$-=-/-eJ?-?-:.?-0-<J., 
hR-eJ, $=-+J-3A-8A$-$A?-#R<-YA/-0/-L%-;R.-0<-~3-5K-&A-8A$-L?-/-:PA$
1R=-3, #R-5S?-(/-0-29%-2R- 8A$- =-!R/- .-?R%-/-29%-8A%-.J?-#R-5S-(/-#%-8A$-+X :R.-.%-\R$-h=-2h-!R/-:U=-(?-
=-2gJ/-/?-8A2-v-LJ.-0<-3%$?-/-:PA$
hR-eJ, (/-2&R?-LJ.-,2?-&A-8A$-;R.,
1R=- 3, $>$- 2&R?-L?- /?- i$- 0/-$&R.- 0- /A- (/- 2&R?- LJ.- ,2?- &A$- ;A/- =, $8/- 8A$- /A-AR- 0/- 9/- h:- =A-9J<- 2:A-
(/-.J-:,%-2-;A/-G%-(/-:.A?-.?-o/-.-LJ.-/?-=J$?-0R-,R/-IA-3J., 
hR-eJ, %-5S?-YA/-0/-:$R$-0<-&A-8A$-LJ.-.$R?,
1R=-3, %-5S?-%J?-0<-.-<A3?-/.-:.A-;R.-YA.-0:A-HA-i3?-=-<J$-.?-/3-;%-$92-$92-LJ.-.$R?->A%-, HA-:.A-.$-=-
<J$-eJ?-%J?-0<-.-=$-0-2N-.$R?, .J-v<-L?-5K, %-5S-3(A/-0:A-YA/-:2:A-|R-%-i3?-%-5S:C-#-/%-.-;R%-2-=?-
LR=-,2, 

•197•
 多杰：你认识患有包虫疾病的人吗？
卓玛：我的一个同学两年前因为这种疾病而去世了。
多杰：那太不幸了！
卓玛：是的，我们都很伤心。他是患病很长一段时间后去世的。
多杰：如果某些人发现自己患有包虫疾病时应该做些什么？
卓玛：他们应该马上去看一位有经验的医生。医生应该让他们照 X 光和做扫描。
多杰：应该怎样治疗呢？
卓玛：做手术能够除去包囊，还可以服药治疗，但药物不是很有效。
多杰：我们应该怎样预防包虫疾病呢？
卓玛：当我们和可能患有这种病的狗接触的时候应该非常小心。我们和这样的狗接触之后一
定要洗手。这样就可以避免肝虫的卵进入我们的嘴里。

Exercises
1. Learn the new words.

2. Read the text several times.

3. Try to be aware of these kinds of diseases in our life.

4. Discuss these questions in a small group.

1) What causes Hydatid disease?
2) What should someone do if they think they have Hydatid disease?
3) What can a doctor do to know if a person has Hydatid disease?
4) Had you heard of Hydatid disease before reading this text? If so when did you hear about it,
who told you and where were you?
5) Is there a Tibetan name for Hydatid disease in your home area? If there is, what is it?
6) What can people do to not get this disease?
7) Tell me about any people you know who have or have had this disease.
8) What are the symptoms of this disease?

5. Are these statements true or false? Explain why the false statements are untrue.
1) All animals are infected with Echinococcus.
2) Hydatid disease occurs in many parts of the world.
3) Hydatid disease is common in the Tibetan grasslands.
4) There is no treatment for Hydatid disease.
5) Surgery is one treatment for Hydatid disease.
6) It is a good idea to wash your hands after touching an infected animal or if you suspect an
animal to be infected.
7) Hydatid disease is easy to treat.

•198•
 Text Translation.
aR2-5/-$?3-0,  第三课 
%:A-HA3-5%-$A-:S-0<, 
:.A-/A-%:A-HA3-5%-$A-:S-0<-;A/, c/-0-:.A-/A-%:A-A-1-;A/-=, #R-<%-29R-:$R.-0-8A$-;A/, c/-3R-:.A-/A-%:A-A-
3-;A/, 3R-<%-(/-0-;A/, $8R/-/-3-:.A-/A-%:A-$&J/-3R-;A/, 3R-/A-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/, 2-3R-:.A-/A-%:A-YA%-3R-;A/, 3R-/A-aR2-
(%-$A-aR2-3-8A$-;A/, 2-(%-:.A-/A-%:A-/-2R-;A/-=, #R-<%-aR2-:VA%-$A-aR2-3-;A/, $8R/-/-:.A-/A-%-;A/, %-<%-aR2-9-(J/-
3R-2-8A$-;A/, 
我的全家福
这是我的一张全家福。这位年长的男人是我的爸爸，他是个工程师。这位年长的妇女是
我的妈妈，她是个医生。这位年轻的妇女是我的姐姐，她是个教师。这位姑娘是我的妹妹，她
是个小学生。这个男孩是我的弟弟，他是个中学生。这位年轻男子是我，我是个大学生。
 

aR2-5/-28A-2,  第四课 
//-?J-5%-$A-HA3-3A, 
:.A-/A-%:A-PR$?-0R-//-?J-;A/-=, 3R-<%-.LA/-)A-/?-;R%-2-;A/, 3R:C-A-1-/A-.$J-c/-(J/-3R-2-8A$-;A/-=-.-v-=/-
+/-.-;R., 3R:C-A-3-/A-5/-<A$-0-8A$-;A/, #R-3R:%-=/-+/-.-;R., 
//-?J-$*J/-21A$?-L?-9A/, 3R:C-HR-2R-)R/-/A-N%-$R-<-;R., #R-$*A?-=-LA?-0-$*A?-+J-2-$&A$-.%-2-3R-8A$-;R., 
3R:C-2-(%-/A-.-v-=R-$*A?-+$-+$-;A/-8A%-2-3R-/A-=R-28A-;A/, #R-5S-/A-$&J?-0<-:R?-0:A-LA?-0-$*A?-;A/,

南希一家
这是我的朋友南希。她来自英国。她的父亲是个教授，住在伦敦。她的母亲是个科学家，
也住在伦敦。
南希结婚了。她的丈夫约翰也在中国。他们有两个孩子：一个儿子，一个女儿。她的儿
子只有两岁，女儿四岁了。他们都很可爱。

aR2-5/-s-2,  第五课
<A-3R-:.A-.$-$A-/%-.-&A-8A$-;R.,
<A-3R-:.A-.$-=-vR?-.%-, %-5S?-.J-.$-=?-.%R?-0R-3%-0R-8A$-3,R%-,2, :.A-/A-t$?-/$-&A$-.%-, :.A-/A-8-/$-
&A$-;A/-=, :.A-/A-(-5S.-:#R<-=R-8A$-.%-.J-/A-=$-:.R$?-(-5S.-:#R<-=R-8A$-;A/, <A-3R-:UR-3-28A-=?-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-
3,R%-%3, %-5S?-.J-.$-=?-?-O-8A$-.%-, <A-3R-8A$ 1-#.-:#R<-=R-8A$ .0J-(-28A-2&?-3,R%-,2-0-;A/,
•199•
 这些图片里有什么？
看这些图片，我们可以看到很多东西。这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。这是一个时钟，
那是一只手表。另外四幅图片中你看到了什么？我们看见里面有一张地图，一幅画，一个收音
机和四本书。 
 

aR2-5/-S$-0,  第六课
2-3R-5S, 
#%-2-:.A-<-2-3R-28A-2#.-;R.-=, .J-=?-$*A?-GA?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-0-.%-$8/-$*A?-GA?-2R.-;A$-aR2-0-;A/, #R-
5S-5%-3-$8R/-/-3-+$-+$-;A/,   
1R=-3-/A-aR2-3-$?<-2-8A$-;A/-=, 3R-<%-=R-2&-2./-;A/-8B%-, 3R?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-0-;A/, $;%-:6S3?-G%-
aR2-3-$?<-2-8A$-;A/-3R., 3R?-2R.-;A$-aR2-0-;A/, #R-3R-=R-2&R-2o.-;A/, 2.J-*A.-.%-z-3R-$*A?-/A-aR2-3-fA%-2-;A/-=, 
3R-$*A?-!-=R-*A-><-?R/-;R.-&A%-, $&A$-$A?-2R.-;A$-aR2-0-.%-&A$->R?-GA?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-0-;A/,   

女孩们
这个房间里住着四个女孩。其中两个学英语，另外两个学藏文。她们都很年轻。
卓玛是个新生，她十七岁了。她学英语。央宗也是个新生，但是她学的是藏文。她今年
十八岁。德吉和拉毛是老生，她俩都二十岁了，一个学习藏文，另一个学习英语。
 

aR2-5/-2./-0,  第七课
)R/-,<-/J<, 
)R/-,<-/J<-/A-A-3J-<A-!-2-8A$-;A/, #R-<%-0-?A-OA/-/?-;R%-2-;A/-8A%-%-5S:C-aR2-9-(J/-3R-<-aR2-.R%-28A/-;R., 
#R?-N%-$R:A-=R-o?-(J.-.-$*J<-2-.%-2a2-L-:.A-=-.$:-$%-.R.-0R-;R., 

 
#R-<%-$8R/-/-$8/-$*A?-.%-3*3-.-#%-2:A-|R-g$?309&/-IA-/%-.-2#.-;R.-=, #R-5R-5%-3-A-3J-<-!-
2-;A/, :R/-G%-#R-5S-5%-3-PR%-HJ<-3A-:S-2-/?-;R%-2-<J., #R-5S:A-:VJ=-2-@-&%-29%-!J, #R-5S?-1/-5/-=-<R$?-
<3-.%-1/-5/-=-aR2-.R%-LJ.-0-;A/,   

约翰·赤纳尔
约翰·赤纳尔是个美国人。他来自波士顿，在我们的大学学习。他的专业是中国历史。
他对这个专业很感兴趣。
他和另外两个男孩住在 309 房间。他们都是美国人，但是来自不同的城市。他们相处得
很好，经常互相帮助互相学习。
 

•200•
 aR2-5/-2o.-0,  第八课
3-<R?, 
3-<R?-*A/-o/-.-.?-5S.-S$-$A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-+J, .?-5S.-S$-.%-{<-3-2&R-s:A-!J%-/%?-)-:,%-2-.%-.J-
/?-aR2-9<-:PR-2-;A/, 
3R-<%-aR2-OA.-$?3-33-28A-=-8$?-eJ?-;=-=-SR?-)-:,%-2<-;R%-2-;A/, KA-SR:A-.?-?-3R-=-aR2-OA.-3J.-
0?-;=-/?-<%-.R%-LJ.-0-;A/,   

玛丽
玛丽每天六点钟起床。她六点十五分吃完早饭后就去上学。
上午她有三节或四节课。上完以后回家吃午饭。她下午没课，就在家里学习。
 

aR2-5/-.$-2,  第九课 
%-5S:C-aR2-#%-, 
:.A-/A-%-5S:C-aR2-#%-;A/, :.A-@-&%-(%-/-;%-$4%-8A%-P=-:PA$-0R-8A$-;A/,
:.A-/A-&R$-4K-8A$-;A/-=-.J:A-!J%-.-.?-5S.-:#R<-=R-8A$-.%-.0J-(-8A$-;R., #%-2:A-/%-.-b2-!J$?-28A-;R.-=, 
I%-%R?-?-|R-?3-8A$-G%-;R., I%-%R?-$*A?-?-:S-0<-:$:-.%-N%-$R:C-?-O-8A$-;R., 
%-<%-%-5S:C-aR2-#%-=-.$:, 

我们的教室
这是我们的教室。它很小，但是非常干净、整齐。
这是一张课桌，上面有一个时钟和一本书。教室里有四把椅子。墙上有块黑板。这两面
墙上有几幅图片和一张中国地图。
我喜欢我们的教室。

aR2-5/-2&-2,  第十课
3-<R?-#R-1<, 
:.A- /A- 3- <R?- <J., 3R- <%- .LA/- )A- /?- ;R%- 8A%- , 3R:C- <?- /A- #R- 1<- ;A/- =, .- =R- =R- 2&- .$- ;A/, 3R:C- A- 1- /A- (/- 0-
8A$- ;A/- =, #R:C- 3A%- =- @/- <R?- #R- 1<- 9J<, #R?-=/- +/- IA- (/- #%- 8A$- +- =?- !- LJ.- 0- ;A/, t3- 3R- #R- 1<- IA?- G%- .J- <-
=?-!-LJ.-0-;A/-=-3R-/A-/.-$;R$-&A$-;A/,
•201•
 3-<R?-/A-.-v-N%-$R<-;R.-=, 3R?-0J-&A/-aR2-9-(J/-3R-/-o-;A$-aR2-0-;A/, .-v-3R-<%-aR2-<A3-$*A?-0-;A/, 3R-
<%-1-$A:A-,R$-#%-/-2#.-;R.-=, 3R:C-#%-2:A-|R-g$?-/A204;A/, 3R-<%-2-3R-$8/-8A$-.%-3*3-.-2#.-;R.-=, 2-
3R-.J:A-3A%-=-0J-,?-0A-<R/-9J<-8A%, 3R-A-3J-<A-!-/?-;R%-2-<J., 3R?-G%-o-;A$-.R%-2-;A/, 
    2-3R-:.A-$*A?-/A-PR$?-3RR-29%-2R-;A/-=, 3R-$*A?-!-N%-$R<-.$:, %-<%-#R-5S<-:SA?-(J-2-;A/-+J, %-5S?-o/-
0<-1/-5/-=-<R$?-<3-LJ.-0-;A/, 

玛丽·库伯
这是玛丽，来自英国。她姓库伯，今年十九岁。
她的父亲是个医生，名叫亨利·库伯，在伦敦的一家医院工作。库伯太太也在那里工作，
她是位护士。
玛丽现在在中国。她在北京大学学习中文，现在已经大二了。她住在那栋楼上，房间号
码是 204。她和另外一个女孩一起住。那女孩名叫贝蒂·布朗，来自美国，也是学中文的。
这两个女孩是好朋友。她俩都喜欢中国。我非常了解她们，我们经常互相帮助。

aR2-5/-2&-$&A$-0,  第十一课
#R-5S?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R.,
:.A-<-:S-0<-s-;R.-.J, :S-0<-.%-0R-<-3A-c/-0-8A$-$A?-,-3$-:,J/-28A/-;R., $*A?-0-<-LA?-0-8A$-$A?-
2f/-:UA/-=-2v-28A/-;R., $?3-0-<-2-(%-8A$-$A?-1-#.-:U=-(?-=-*/-28A/-;R.-&A%-, 28A-2-<-2-3R-8A$-
$A?-:UA/-;A$-&A$-:VA-28A/-;R., :S-0<-s-2-=?-%-5S?-&A-8A$-3,R%-%3-8J-/, 1R-$?<-8A$-$A?-r%-=A-lJ?-28A/-;R.,

他们在做什么？
这里有五张照片。第一张照片里有个老人在抽烟。第二张照片里有个小孩在看电视。第
三张照片里有个男孩在听收音机。第四张照片里有个女孩在写信。第五张照片里我们可以看到
什么？一个年轻男子在打篮球。
 
aR2-5/-2&-$*A?-0,  第十二课
aR2-#%-/%-., 
.-v-KA-SR:-A(-5S.-$?3-;A/-=, aR2-3-i3?-aR2-#%-.-;R., aR2-3-=-=?-1-12-:#R<-=R-=-*/-28A/-;R.-&A%-, 
=-=?-2*<-.R%-LJ.-28A/-;R., $8/-i3?-GA?-1/-5/-=-.LA/-{.-2>.-<J?-J.-28A/-;R., .$J-c/-/A-3,:-:#R<-.-:PR-
28A/-;R.-&A%-, 3R?-aR2-3<-<R$?-<3-LJ.-28A/-;R., .-v-3R?-aR2-3-2.-3J.-&A$-=-.!:-$/.-&A$-:PJ=-2>.-LJ.-
28A/-;R., 
•202•
 在教室里
现在是下午三点，学生们都在教室里。有的在听录音，有的在做练习。其他人在用英语
对话。老师在教室里走来走去，帮助学生解决难题。现在她正在给一位女学生讲解某事。

aR2-5/-2&-$?3-0,  第十三课
;?-@R-*J.-5=,
:.A-/A-;?-@R-*J.-5=-+J-0J-&A/-IA-\A%-$-8A$-;A/, :.A-/A-@-&%-36K?-0:A-\A%-$-8A$-;A/, 
.J-<-uR/->A%-.%-3J-+R$-;R.-=, #%-2-;$-0R:%-;R.-&A%-, <A-2R-8A$-.%-35K:-8A$-G%-;R.,
.-v-\A%-$-:.A-<-3A-3%-0R-;R.-=, =-=?-3,:-:#R<-.-:(3-:(3-LJ.-0-.%-, =-=?-35K:-.J:A-/%-.-P-$+R%-
28A/-;R., #R-5S-5%-3?-@-&%-3R-*A.-GA-%%-:.A-/-lJ.-3R-=-<R=-28A/-;R., 

颐和园
这是颐和园。它是北京的一个非常美丽的公园。
里面有树木花草，以及很多出色的建筑物。这边有座小山，那边有个湖泊。
现在公园里有很多人，有些在附近散步，有些在湖里划船。他们都玩的很开心。

aR2-5/-2&-28A-2,  第十四课
.?-5B$?-.%-=R-^,
=R-<J<-.?-5B$?-28A-;R.-=, .J-.$-/A-.L<-.$/-!R/-.JA.-;A/, =R-<J<-^-2-2&-$*A?-;R.-=, .J-.$-/A-^-2-.%-
0R-.%-, $*A?-0, $?3-0, 28A-2, s-2, S$-0, 2./-0, 2o.-0, .$-2, 2&-2, 2&-$&A$-0, 2&-$*A?-0-2&?-;A/,
=R-<J<-$9:-:#R<-&A-43-;R.-&J?-/, $9:-:#R<-%-$*A?-;R., =R-<J<-*A/-&A-43-;R.-&J-/, o/-0<-*A/-?3-2o-<J-
s-;R., 5K?-z$-;R.-0:A-=R-=-*A/-?3-2o-<J-S$-;R., 

季节和月份
一年有四个季节，各是春天、夏天、秋天和冬天。
一年有十二个月，它们是一月、二月、三月、四月、五月、六月、七月、八月、九月、
十月、十一月和十二月。
一年中有多少个星期？有五十二个星期。一年有多少天？一年通常有三百六十五天，一个
闰年有三百六十六天。

•203•
 aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课  (A)
{-82?-1J-,J<-?/,
    {-82?-1J-,J<-?/-/A-#-/-+-/?-;R%-8A%-, .-v-#R?-N%-$R-<-v-{R<-LJ.-28A/-;R., #R-<%-2R.-GA-3PR/-#%-8A$-+-
2#.-;R., #R-<%-z-?-=-.$:-8A%-, z-?-/A-36K?-#$-;A.-.-:R%-2:A-PR%-HJ<-8A$-;A/-=, 3A-i3?-2lJ-?J3?-GA?-K$-
0<-?J3?-;R., #R?-36K?-#$-$A?-#J%?-0:A-z-?:A-;=-uR%?-5%-3<-2v-:.R.-LJ.-GA-;R., 
#R?-zR-KR$?-?-:PR-o:A-:(<-$8A-G%-29R?-;R., $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3:A-/%-#R-<%-$/3-P<-2#.-.J-Z%-@J<-:PR-
o-;A/-=, zR-KR$?-GA-PR%-HJ<-(J/-0R-:$:-=-v-{R<-LJ.-lA?-G%-;R., .J:A-eJ?-?-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-.J->%-!%-=-:PR-o-<J.,

帕特森先生
帕特森先生来自加拿大。他目前在中国参观。他住在西藏宾馆。他喜欢拉萨。他认为拉
萨是个美丽的城市，而且这里的人们特别友好。他想去参观拉萨所有好玩的地方。
他还打算去南方。下周他要坐飞机去上海。他将参观南方的几个大城市，然后坐火车去香
港。

aR2-5/-2&R-s-2,  第十五课  (B)

+-l=-0-|3-0R, 
!$-?J%-.-:2R.-0:A-o=-2R-8A$-=-|R<-3R-.%-$?J<-.%=-IA?-3/R$-=-:#R<-$;R$-G%-3%-0R-;R., #R:C-b%-0-$;?-
3-:HR$-;R.-=-3A$-$;R/-0-8<-;R.,
/%?-3R-8A$-=-#R?-KA-/?-<A-?$?-dR/-{2?-<A-3R-2-8A$-$A?-(-:P3-/-<A-3R-:VA-28A/-0-3,R%-, o=-2R?-#R?-:VA-
28A/-0:A-<A-3R-.J->A/-+-=J$?-0<-:.R., #R?-<A-3R-2-=-o=-2R-#R-<%-$A-$%-2f/-8A$-:VA-o:A-2&R=-$.3?-L?-0<-<A-3R-
2?-#?-]%?, 
VA?-5<-2:A-<A-3R:A-!J%-/-o=-2R-/A-b%-2-:HR$-3J.-=-3A$-G%-8<-3J.-0<-$%-, o=-2R?-<A-3R<-2v?-0-/-<2-+-
OR?-/?-<A-3R-2-2?.-.J-<A-3R-2-$8/-0-8A$-2R?, <A-3R-2-:.A-=-~/-P$?-(J/-0R-;R., #R?-o=-2R-#R-&A-$%-2-28A/-.-
b%-:HR$-8<-3-8A$-+-8A2-:VA-L?, o=-2R?-<A-3R-.J-3,R%-2-/-;%-,$?-OR?-/?-<A-3R-2-YR$-,R$-+-2+%-,
KA-*A/, o=-2R?-hR-eJ-8J?-:2R.-0:A-<A-3R-2-$8/-0-8A$-2R?, #R-/A-{.-P$?-&/-8A$-3A/-3R.-:R/-G%-]R-<A$-2N, 
#R:C-<A-3R:C-!J%-/, o=-2R-/A-;$-1R-cR.-w/-=-b%-2-$;?-3-V$-hR-8A$-$A-!J%-/-3J-3.:A-!J$?-2-L?-;R.-&A%-, #R?-

•204•
 3A$-$;R/-3:%-o=-2R?-3A$-243?-/?-!$-&A$-=-3.:-:1J/-28A/-0:A-5=-=-2!R=, o=-2R-<A-3R-.J<-.IJ?-/?-<A-3R-
2<-$?J<-.%=-3%-2R-LA/, 

一个聪明的画家
从前有一个叫虎狮的国王有很多钱、金子和仆人。他的右腿是瘸的，左眼是瞎的。
一天早晨，他外出打猎时发现一个画家在河边画画。国王见他画得非常漂亮，于是让画家给他
画幅肖像。画家同意了。
画完后，画里的国王没有瘸腿，他的左眼也不是瞎的。国王看了那幅画非常生气，于是
杀掉了那个画家。然后又找了一个画家给他画像。这位画家特别有名，他把国王画得非常真实：
右腿是瘸的，左眼是瞎的。国王见了画后又勃然大怒，杀掉了那个画家。
第二天，国王找了另外一个叫多杰的画家给他画像。多杰不出名，但他非常聪明。在他的
画里，国王非常英俊，手里握着一支枪，右腿踩在一块岩石上，左眼闭着，好像正在瞄准一只
老虎。
国王见到此画后非常高兴，给了画家多杰很多钱和金子。

aR2-5/-2&-S$-0,  第十六课
:UA/-;A$-&A$
~A%-*J-2:A-?:J-<-=$?,   
.J- <A%- /A- %- <%- z- ?- =-:LR<- 2:A- *A/- $?3- 0- ;A/- =, %- <% - $;$- 3PR/- #%- .- 2#.- ;R., %:A- #%- 2:A- |R-
g$?-/A4230;A/-=, #%-2lJ$?-A%-28A-2-<-;R.,   
%- 5S?- z- ?:A- ;=- uR%?- =- v- 28A/- ;R.- =, ?%- *A/- %- 5S?- lJ- 0R- +- =- .%- /R<- 2- \A%- $- =- v.- 3R- 2v- lA?- ;R.,       
%-5S?-^-3)$-2<-.-:.$-o:A-:(<-$8A-2!R.-;R.-=, ^65K?1*A/-8A-A/-.-:PR-=?-(J, 
;=- IA- $/?- 5=- &A- :S- <J., %?- HJ.- 5S- S/- 28A/- ;R., $9:- :#R<- eJ?- 3<- %- =- #- 0<- 8A$- $+R%- <R$?- $/%- ,   
%:A-#-0<-A%-P%?-/A86—0891.%-, #-0<-/%-3:A-A%-g$?-/A3577;A/,
                                  2.J-2<-(R/,
                                                        1J-,J<-+-2A-?A-/?,
                                                        ,A-=R1990=R:C-^52:A-5K?20*A/-=,

一封信
亲爱的萨拉：
这是我在拉萨的第三天。我住在牦牛宾馆四号楼 4230 房间。
我们正在观赏拉萨的景色。明天我们就要去参观布达拉宫和罗布林卡博物馆。我们
打算在这里呆到月底。六月一日我们可能会去西安。
家里一切都好吧？我想念你们。下周给我打电话。我的电话号码是：89-0891 转 3577。
爱你的，
彼得·戴维斯
1990 年 5 月 20 日
•205•
 aR2-5/-2&-2./-0,  第十七课
%:A-.L<-$/%-$A-:(<-$8A,
.-=R:A-.L<-#<-%-<%-;=-=-:PR-lA?-;R., %-<%-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-//-&A/-.-?R%-/?-*A/-<J-$*A?-=-:.$-
o-;A/, .J-<-%:A-PR$?-0R-3%-0R-8A$-;R.-0-HJ.-GA?->J?-$?=-<J., .J-/?-%-<%-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-;=-=-:PR-
o-;A/,
.L<-$/%-{2?-?-%?-%=-$?R-29%-0R-8A$-LJ.-o-;A/-+J, 1=-(J<-*A/-<J<-(-n=-.-:PR-YA., %?-.-<%-2a2-
L-.$-=-2*<-.%?-.%-.0J-[R$-L-o-;A/-=, 1%-$+3-:$<-;%-2v-lA?-;R., 
%-<%-;=-/?-1=-(J<-^-$&A$-=-:.$-o-;A/, ^-2o.-0:A-5K?-*A->:A-;?-3?-?-KA<-0J-&A/-.-=R$-P2?-LJ.-
o-;A/, 

我的暑假计划
今年夏天我要回家。首先我要坐火车去南京，在那里呆几天。你也知道我有很多朋友在
那里。然后我要坐汽车回家。
假期里我要好好休息一下。有可能我会天天去游泳。我还要复习功课和读书。我希望能
读几本小说。
我要在家里呆一个多月。8 月 20 号左右我要回北京。

aR2-5/-2&R-2o.-0,  第十八课
2h-.R<,
]R- 3,/- i3- 0?- ;A.- :)R$- L- o<, A- 3J- <A- !:A-PR$?-0R-8A$-$9:-z$-0:A-*A/-IA-KA-SR<-%-5S:C-aR2-9-(J/- 3R-<-2v-
{R<- .- ;R%- o- ;A/- =, A- 3J- <A- !:A- 29R- 2:A- =?- :$=- ,.- GA-$+3- 2>.- &A$- $/%- o- <J., .J:A- nJ/- IA?- .?-5S.- $*A?- GA-!J%-
5S$?- #%- .- ,R/- 0<- L-.$R?, $+3- 2>.- 3)$- 21A=- eJ?- %- 5S?- SA- 2- SA?- (R$ .?- 5S.- $?3- .%-{<-3-8J- s:A-;?-3?- ?-
A-3J-<A-!:A-29R-2:A-:5S-2-,.-GA-\R$-2f/-8A$-!R/-o-<J.,

通知
大家请注意：星期三下午有一位美国朋友要来参观我们大学。他要给我们讲一下美国的
工人运动。请大家两点正到会议大厅。演讲完毕之后我们可以提问题。三点四十五分将会放映
一部关于美国工人生活的电影。
 

•206•
 aR2-5/-2&-.$-2,  第十九课
,R-8A:R-.%-A/-/, 
,R- 8A:R- /A- :)<- 1/- 0- 8A$- ;A/- =, #R- <%- :)<- 1/- IA- {.- ;A$- =- @- &%- 3#?- 0- (R?-3- .$R?-=, #R?-KA- o=- IA-{.-
<A$?- :$:-;%- 2>.- >J?, #R- <%- .LA/- ;A$- =- @- &%- 3#?- +J, #R?- =J$?- 0<- [R$-,2- &A%- :VA- ;%- >J?, #R- <%- ?A- 0/- IA-
{.-;A$-=:%-3#?, :R/-G%-#R-<%-:)<-3/-IA-{.-;A$-=-:VA%-43-;A/, [R$-,2-0-=?-2>.-3A->J?,
A/- /- /A- ?A- 7J- +J/- IA- 3A- ;A/, 3R?- G%- KA- o=- IA- {.- <A$?- :$:- 8A$- 2>.- >J?, 3R- <%- .LA/- ;A$- =- @- &%- 3#?-
>A%-?A-0/-IA-{.-;A$-=-;%-3#?, :R/-G%-3R-<%-:)<-1/-IA-{.-;A$-=-:VA%-43-;A/, 3R?-$R-2-=J/-,2-=-*%-43-2>.-
G%->J?, 3R?-:VA-[R$-,2-/-;%-L%-(2-0-8A$-3-<J., 

透西奥和安娜
透西奥来自日本。当然了，他的日语相当好。他会说好几种外语。他的英语很棒，而且
读写都很流利。他的西班牙语也不错，但是他的德语很一般。他能阅读德文，但是不会说。
安娜来自瑞典。她也会说好几种外语。她的英语非常好，她的西班牙语也不错。但她的
日语却不太理想。她能听懂一点点，也只会说一点点。她能读和写日语，但不是很好。

aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十课  (A)

3#:-2*R.-Y?-3R, 
S<- S- /A- 3#:- 2*R.- Y?- 3R- 8A$- ;A/, 3R?- :1<- *R.- !%- 9A- (J- >R?- >A$- +- =?- !- LJ.-28A/- ;R., 3R- <%-
=?-!-.J<-.$:-=-.J-3R-$%-;R.-0:A-L-2-8A$-;A/,
3R?- ;R- <R2-\A%- .%- 3J- \A%- zR- 3<- ;=- {R<- LJ.- GA- ;R.- 0- .%- , 3J- \A%- zR- 3<-3R- <%- .$:- 2R- ;R., .J-$:A- /3- ^- @- &%-
29%-, 
3R-<%-.L<-#:A-;R-<R2-\A%-=-.$:-2R-;R.-/:%-.J-$:A-.$/-#<-3A-.$:-!J, .J-/A-@-&%-:H$?-0?-?R,   
:1<-2*R.-LJ.-{2?-S<-S-<-;A?-@<-2lR/-IA?-=?-!-LJ.-0-;A/, 3R?-/%?-)-.%-$%-5B$?, .$R%-)-:SJ/-0-
.%-, :P=- 28.- 0- =- <R$?- <3- LJ.- 0- ;A/, 2.J- :)$?-{R<- IA-362- !R/- LJ.- 0- .%- SA- 2<- =/-:.J2?- 0- ;A/, 3R- <%- 3R:C-
=?-!<-@-&%-.$:-0R-;R.,   

一位空姐
芭芭拉是位空姐。她在一条重要的航线上工作。她喜欢这份工作，觉得她的工作很有趣。
她经常去欧洲和南美。她喜欢南美。那里的天气特别好。
夏天她喜欢欧洲。她不喜欢冬天。因为冬天太冷了。
航行途中芭芭拉必须努力工作。她为乘客提供早餐、午餐和晚餐。她经常帮助乘客，为
乘客做安全演示和回答他们的问题。她喜欢她的工作。

•207•
 aR2-5/-*A->-2,  第二十课  (B)
b/-3-$*A?,
YR.- .?- >A$- =, b/- 3- $*A?- #%- HA3- 8A$- =- 2b- LJ.- 0<- ?R%- , #R- 5S- #%- 2- .J<- ,R/- 3- ,$- I%- %R?- =- #%- 2- 8A$-
2bR?, $&A$-#%-2-=?-/%-.-:6=-8A%-$8/-0-.J?-KA-/?-2|$?,
b/-3-$*A?-GA?-3->J?-0-8A$-=, #%-2-.J:A-/%-.-4B-$-3%-0R-;R., HA3-2.$-3?-4B-$-8A$-#%-2<-:6=-2-3,R%-
/? “vR?-.%-, %-5S:A-#%-2:A-/%-=-4B-$-8A$-:6=-28A/-:.$”8J?-#R-3R:C-HR-$<-2>., 
:.A?-b/- 3- .J<- :)A$?-$%- (J/- 0R- 2{=- 2- !J- #R-M<- 2- M<- IA?- KA- =- :6=, #R?-b/- 3- $8/- 0- .J<“2.- 3J.- &A$-
$A?-%-/%-.-:6=-2-3,R%-?R%”8J?-2>.,
b/-3-$8/-0-.J?-#R-=-;A.-3-(J?-2<“:PR %J.-$*A?-#%-2:A-/%-.-3*3-.-:6=“8J?-=2, 
b/- 3- $*A?- /%- =- :6=-2:A- |%- =, 4B-$-$*A?- G%-#%- 2- .J:A- /%- .-:6=, 2.-3J.-.J?-4B-$-$*A?-:6=-28A/-0-
3,R%- /?- #R- 3R:C- HR- $<“#R- 5S- 29%- <R$?”&J?- :<- 2o2- 0?- b/- 3- $*A?- =-:)A$?-0$-(J/- 0R- *J?, #R-$*A?- GA?- 2.-
3J.-.J?-}-3R-/?-<A$-?R%-:.R.-/?-VR?-?R%-, 

两个小偷
一天晚上两个小偷去偷东西。他们找到了一户人家，在墙上挖了个大洞，然后一个小偷
钻进去了，另一个在外面等。
他们俩不知道屋里有很多老鼠。那家的女主人正好看见一只老鼠爬进了屋里，就向她丈
夫大喊：“看！有一个爬进来了！”
听到喊叫那个小偷被吓坏了，赶紧爬了出去。他告诉另一个小偷：“我爬进去时被一个
女人发现了！”
另一个小偷不相信他的话，说：“我不信。我们两个一起进去看看。”
正当他们两个爬进房子的时候，两只老鼠也爬了进去。那女人见了那两只老鼠，又向她
丈夫喊叫：“抓住它们！”两个小偷听了吓得要死。他们以为那个女人发现了他俩，所以迅速
逃离了。

aR2-5/-*J<-$&A$-0,  第二十一课
8A%-PR%-$A-*A/-$&A$
{-82?-7-AJ-,A-.%-t3-3R-7-AJ-,A-/A-PR%-HJ<-(J/-0R-8A$-+-2#.-;R., $9:-*A-3-8A$-=-#R-5S-8A%-PR%-.-?R%-8A%-, #R-
5S?- 9- 3:%- HJ<- +J- ?R%- , t3- 3R- 7- AJ-,A- ;A?- $R- <J- .%- 3<, > :R- 3, ?A=- +R$ |R- %:A- 2$- =J2- ?R$?- aR- 3- 8A$- $A- /%- .- 28$ 
#R-5S-#R%-(J/-8A$-$A-l<-2#.-.J-$%-5B$?-$?R=-2-<J., #R-5S?-.LA/-)A<-v-{R<-.-?R%-5=-.%-#R-5S:A-#%-2-$?<-2-.J:A-{R<-
IA-#-2h-L?, KA-SR<-#R-5S-8A%-#<-:(3-:(3-.-?R%-!J-3J-+R$-2+?-=, .$R%-SR:A-.?-?-_%?-:#R<-2{R<-+J-;=-.-=R$

•208•
 在乡村的一天
瓦特先生和瓦特太太住在一个大城市里。有个星期天他们到乡村去了。他们带了些食物。
瓦特太太把面包、酥油、肉、牛奶、水果和蛋糕装在了一个篮子里。他们坐在一棵大树下吃午
饭。他们谈论了去英国的旅行，而且采了很多花。晚上他俩开车回家了。
 

aR2-5/-*J<-$*A?-0,  第二十二课
%:A-HA3-5%-,
%?-HJ.-5S<-%J.-5%-$A-$/?-5=-:$:-2>.-o-;A/, %J.-5%-=-29:-3A-S$-;R.-.J, 2-3R-$*A?-.%-, 2-$*A?, %:A-
1- 3- 2&?- ;A/, %:A- A- &J- .%- YA%-3R-$*A?- !- $*J/- 21A$?- 9A/, %:A-YA%- 3R-/A-^-}R/- 3:A-/%-$*J/- 21A$?-0-;A/- =, 3R:C-HR-
$-/A-AR-?A-NA<-;:A-3A-8A$-;A/, .-v-3R-<%-#/-0J<-<-<-$8A?-#R.-L?-;R.-=-!%-9A-8A$-$A-:$R-$4S:A-S%-;A$-;A/, %:A-$&J/-
3R-/A-=R-$?3-IA-}R/-=-$*J/-21A$?-0-;A/- =, 3R-=-2-3R- 8A$-;R., %:A- /-2R-1J-,J<-/A- 29R-l=-aR2-9-(J/-3R:C-aR2-3-;A/-=, 
#R-<%-29R-20/-:(<-:$R.-0-8A$-LJ.-:.R.-;R., %-<%-^-S$-$A-}R/-/?-=?-!<-8$?-0-;A/, %?-YA.-$8%-$A-$8%-=?-
#%-8A$-+-=?-!-LJ.-0-;A/, %-<%-%:A-1-3-.%-3*3-.-PR%-HJ<-vJ-2-.%-,$-*J-2:A-#%-2-(%-(%-8A$-+-2#.-;R., %?-*A/-
8A$-=-%-<%-KA-o=-.-3R-$?J%-=-:PR-,2-0<-<J-(R/-LJ.-28A/-;R., 

我的家庭
我想告诉你关于我家的一些情况。我家总共有六个人：两个女孩，两个男孩和我的父母。
我的两个姐妹都已经结婚了。我妹妹是上个月结的。她丈夫是个澳大利亚人。她现在住在堪培
拉，是一家公司总裁的秘书。我姐姐三年前就结婚了，已经生了个小女儿。我弟弟彼得是一所
技术学院的学生。他想当一名建筑师。我六个月前开始在一个政府部门工作。我和父母一起住
在离市中心不远的一所小房子里。我希望有一天能去海外度假。

aR2-5/-*J<-$?3-0,  第二十三课
#R.-#%-8A$
^-}R/-3:A-/%-?A-3J-nA-5%-3-;R<-Y%-=3-IA-#R.-#%-$?<-2-8A$-+-$/?-%<-2-<J., #R.-#%-$?<-2-.J-=-3=-#%-
$?3-.%-, :P=-#%-(J/-0R-8A$ O?-#%-8A$-.%-$;R?-#%-8A$-2&?-;R.,
#R-5%-3-;R<-Y%-=3-.-%R?-0:A-}R/-=-(-nJ/-@-&%-8/-0:A-?-#=-8A$-!J, Y%-=3-3A-$4%-8A%-(<-2-22?-5K-$-?-
$%-.:%-(?-2!%-2-8A$-+-2#.-0-<J.,

•209•
 ?A- 3J- nA- 5%- /A- #R.- #%-$?<- 2- .J<- ;A.- 5B3-;R., #%- 2- :.A- /A- (J- 8A%- $4%- =, #R<- ;$- 29%- 8A%- #- ?A3- 0, #%-
2lJ$?-GA-3./-.-3J-+R$-<-2-8A$-;R.-=, #R-5%-$A-LA?-0-i3?-.J-<-lJ.-(R$-0-;A/,

一套新公寓
上个月史密斯一家搬进了位于穆尔路的一套新公寓里。这套公寓里有三个卧室，一个大
客厅，一个浴室和一个厨房。
他们搬到穆尔路之前住在一个很贫穷的街区。那里的街道很脏。一下雨，到处都是水。
史密斯一家在他们的新公寓里非常开心。这套房子又大又干净，而且还很漂亮很安静。
公寓楼前面有个花园，他们的孩子可以在那里玩耍。
 

aR2-5/-*J<-28A-2,  第二十四课
AJ=-2J-?A·1-<:J-?A-=J, 
AJ=- 2J- ?A· 1- <:J- ?A- =J- /A 1935=R:C- ^ 15K? 8=- 3A?- ?A- 9A?- 1A?- #=- IA- KA- 1J- =R- PR%- HJ<- .- *J?- 0- <J., AJ=- 2J- ?A- =R-
2&- $?3- IA- !J%- ., #R- .%- #R:C- 29:- 3A- i3?- ,J/- /J- 9A?- #=- IA- 3J3- nA- ?A- PR%- HJ<- =- $/?- %<-2- <J., ,J=- ,- ?A- ;A?- #R:C-
\- ,R$- 3- .J 1954=R<- ?- (- .J- /?- 1<- 12?- 0- ;A/- =, .J:A- eJ?- ?- $/?- 5=- =- :1J=- o?- 3IR$?-0R-L%- !J, #R?-1-,$-?-;-
z$-24S%?-=, A-3J-<A-!:A-.3$-=-8$?->A%-, @R-=J-2R=-=-?R%-/?-\R$-2f/-?R-$?3-IA-/%-/?-#R-3,R%-,2-0-L%-, 
AJ=- 2J- ?A- ;A?- 3A- /$- .%- 8A%- PR%- 3A- .3%?- GA- .L%?- g- 3*3- .R<- L?- ;R., #R:C- \- .L%?- GA?- A- 3J- <A- !:A-
<R=-.L%?-=-.?-{2?-$?<-2-8A$-$A-:$R-5$?-0-<J., #R-<%1977=R:C-^85K?16*A/-3J3-nA-?A-;A-HA3-/?-{-$>J$?,

艾维斯·普瑞斯莱
艾维斯·普瑞斯莱于 1935 年 1 月 8 日出生于密西西比州的图珀洛市。艾维斯 13 岁的时
候和他的家人搬到了田纳西州的孟菲斯市。1954 年，艾维斯在那里录制了他的第一首歌。之
后发生了很多事情：他的唱片销量高达上百万，在美国军队里服役，去了好莱坞，并且出演过
33 部电影。
艾维斯把黑人音乐和乡村音乐融和在了一起。他的歌开创了美国音乐的一个新的时期。
1977 年 8 月 16 日，他在孟菲斯的家里去世。

•210•
 aR2-5/-*J<-s-2,  第二十五课
)J-#J-=/-./,
)J-#J-=/-./-/A-A-3J-<A-!:A-3A%-P$?-&/-IA-lR3-0-0R-8A$-;A/, #R-<%1876=R:C-^-.%-0R:C-5K?-2&-$*A?-*A/-#-=A-
nR- /A?- #=- IA- ?/- nA- </- ?A- #R- /?- *J?- 0- <J., #R:C- HA3- 5%- @- &%- .2=- 2?- )J- #J- aR2-9- /?- 2.- .J- |R<- 3R- :5S=- .- 3A- :PR- !-
3J.-L%-, #R?-@<-2lR/-IA?-=?-!-3A-:S-2-3%-0R-8A$-=?-0-<J., 
.J:A-eJ?-?, )J-#J-KA<-aR2-9<-?R%-3R.-:R/-G%-3,:-3-:HR=, 1897=R<-#R-<%-AA-=-?A-#-<-$?J<-2bR-<-?R%-, #R?-
$?J<- 3- fJ.- G%- .0J- (- .%- $+3- o.- :VA- 2:A- 2eR.- L- 3%- 0R- fJ.- L%- 2?, KA<- ;=- .- =R$- !J- lR3- :VA:$R- 2l3?, #R:C-
lR3-;A$-VA?-0-@-&%-=J$?-:P2-L%-2?, #R-<%-=R-5S.-*A->:A-/%-/?-K$-0R-.%-3A%-P$?-&/-.-I<-2-<J.,
)J- #J- =/- ./- /A- 2.J- *A.- GA- :5S- 2<- <R=- 3#/- 8A$- 3- <J., #R:C- =?- 1%- $A- 2.J- ,%- @- &%- 8/- 0? 1916=R<- <%- YR$-
<%-$A?-2&.-0-<J., {2?-.J<-#R-/A-=R-28A-2&-+$-+$-<J.,

杰克·伦敦
杰克·伦敦是个著名的美国作家。1876 年 1 月 12 日他出生于加利福尼亚州的旧金山市。
由于家庭非常贫穷，杰克不得不离开学校去赚钱。他在很多不同的行业努力工作过。
后来，杰克又回到了学校，但是他没有呆下去。1897 年他去阿拉斯加淘金。在那里他
找到了写他的书和故事的灵感，于是他回到家乡开始写作。他的写作很成功，因此他二十几岁
时就变得非常富有，而且很出名。
杰克·伦敦不是一个幸运的人。1916 年，他在健康极差的情况下自杀身亡了。享年仅
40 岁。
 
aR2-5/-*J<-S$-0,  第二十六课
%:A-%R-2R,
%:A- %R- 2R- /A- =R- S$- $A- ;<- }R/- .- kR- 3R- =$?- :.?- 0- /?- 29%- %- 5S- .%- 3*3- .- 2#.-;R.- 0- ;A/, #R- <%- }R/- (.-
(/-.R<-3#/-0R-8A$-;A/, .-v-=R-2o.-&<-*J-/-;%-#R:C-=?-1%-}<-28A/-2.J-,%-;A/,
%R- 2R:C- :5S- 2- 22- ($?- ;A/- +J, #R- <%- /%?- )- }- :,%- LJ.- 0<- .$:- 8A%- , /%?- ):A- 29:- 2+%- /A- /3- ;%- $-
$&A$-;A/, .J-/A-:V?-.%-?A=-+R$ #-nJ-2&?-;A/, 
/%?-)-:,%-eJ?-#R-<%-:(3-:(3-.-?R%-/?-8R$?-0:A-5$?-0<-*R-2-;A/, #R?-=R-.-3:A-8R$?-0-<J-<J<-:.A-v<-
2*=-2?, Y%-=3-:.A:A-/%-$A-3A-5%-3?-#R-<%-%R->J?, 
^-:.A:A-/%-.-%R-2R:C-=?-#3?-.J-:S:A-2.J-,%-8A$-3A/, *J-2:A-$9:-:#R<-:$:A-/%-#R-=-(3-0-tA-3R-8A$-L%-;R.-
=, *A/-:$<-3=-?<-z%-2-<J., 
•211•
 #R?- <%- $A- LA?- .?- GA- :5S- 2:A- {R<- \J%- 2<- %- <%- */- :.R.- (J, #R?- %- 5S<- .$R.-VR- 2:A- $+3-o.- 3%- 0R- 2>.- MR%- , 
#R?-o/-.-{2?-.J:A-:5S-2-/A-.-v-=?-#$-&J?-2eR.-0-;A/, 

我的爷爷
自从六年前我奶奶去世后，我爷爷就和我们住在一起。他以前是个化学家。现在他都快
八十岁了，但依然很健康。
爷爷的生活很平淡。他喜欢一大早就吃早饭，而且总是吃同样的东西：米饭、水果和咖
啡。
吃完早饭后他就散步去买晨报。他每天早晨这样，已经很多年了，因此街上的人们都认
识他。
这个月爷爷的身体不是很好。最近几个星期他得了重感冒，在床上躺了好几天。
我喜欢听他讲述他童年的生活。他给我们讲很多有趣的故事。他总是说：“那时候生活
比现在困难多了。”

aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0,  第二十七课  (A)

%-5S:C-HA3-35K?, 
{-82?-@J-AR-/A-%-5S:A-*J-:P3-IA-HA3-35K?-$?<-2-8A$-;A/, #R-<%-$/3-P:A-#-=R-2-8A$-<J.,
#R-<%-^-eJ?-3:A-/%-/A:-;R:R-=-2*R.-.$R?->A%-, .J:A-eJ?-3:A-/%-,R-#-;R-=-:1<-o-<J.,
.-v-#R- <%- 3- BA-/-;R., #R- <%- $9:- :#R<- $&A$-$A-}R/- =- ?A- 1J/- =- 2*R.-9A/- =, $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3:A-eJ?-3:A-/%-
KA<-=/-+/-.-=R$-o-<J.,
#R-<%-.$%-=R-8J-$&A$-+$-+$-;A/-3R., :63-\A%-!J%-$A-o=-#2-3,:-.$-=-?R%-MR%-,
{-82?-@J-AR-/A-3A-=?-&/-8A$-<J., :R/-G%-#R:C-29:-^-/A-=?-%/-8A$-<J., #R-3R-o/-.-;=-/-2#.-;R.,

我们的邻居
赫奥先生是我们的新隔壁邻居。他是个飞行员。
下个月他要去纽约。之后的一个月他要去东京。
他目前在马德里。他是一周前去西班牙的。两个星期以后他将回到伦敦。
他只有四十一岁，但他已经去过世界上的每一个国家。
赫奥先生是个很幸运的男人。然而他的妻子就不怎么幸运了，因为她经常呆在家里。

•212•
 aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0,  第二十七课  (B)
.$R/-0:A-z-;A?-l3-0-9R?-0, 
=R-.-3:A-}R/, .R/-P2-9J<-2:A-*J?-0-3J.-0R-8A$-=-HA3-35K?-K$-0R-8A$-;R., HA3-35K?-.J-=-l3-0-3%-0R-;R., #R-
/A-2i2-?J3?-(J-2?-3A-$8/-.%-l3-0-3*3-9-3A-LJ., 
*A/-8A$ .R/-P2-GA-l3-0-5<-?R%-2?-#R?“$=-+J-HA3-35K?-5%-=-l3-0-aR%-2<-?R%-/-#R?-!J<-o-3-<J., #R?-%-
=-l3-0-!J<-2<-%?-3$R-{R<-$+R%-.$R?-o-<J.”2?3?, 
.$R%-3R-.J<, .R/-P2-GA?-#R:C-<-{R<-/%-.-2.->A%-HJ<-/?-3J-|R%-2o2, #R:C-HA3-35K?-K$-0R-;A?-.J-3,R%-/?-;-
35<-*J?, #R-.R/-P2-5%-.-?R%-/?“.R/-P2, HR.-GA?-.J-.$R%-2.->A%--3J-|R%-/?-&A-LJ.”&J?-SA?, 
“#-?%-3A-i3?-GA?-z-?-/?-l3-0-$R%-3,R-9J<-2-%?-$R .J:A-nJ/-IA?-l3-0-:,$-/?-z-?<-5S%-LJ.-.-:PR-2?3-

0-;A/”8J?-.R/-P2-GA?-.J-{.-2>., 
HA3- 35K?- K$- 0R- .J?- :.A- /A- ]R- 2!R.- H.- .- :1$?- 0- 8A$- <J.- :.R.- /?“%:A- ~A%- *J- 2:A- HA3- 35K?- =$?, %-
HR.-.%-3*3-.%-z-?<-?R%-/?-l3-0-:5S%-/-(R$-$3”8J?-.R/-P2-=-SA?,  
=R?-(R$-&K?-.R/-:P2-GA?-2>.,   
KA- *A/- }- SR<- K$- 0R- .J?- l3- 0- #=- $*A?- $;$- o2- +- 2!=- 8A%- .R/- :P2- GA?- C- #=- $*A?- 2R%- 2- 8A$- =- 2!=-
/?-KA/-0-<J., 
*A/-3R-.J<-z-?<-:PR-2:A-=3-#<-3/-<2-?R%-2?-#R-$*A?-.$R/-0-8A$-$A-/%-.-2#.-0-<J., K$-0R-.J-,%-(.-S$-
0?-M<-.-$*A.-=R$-?R%-, 
.R/- :P2- G%- $*A.- #=- L?, 35/- KJ.- .- .R/- :P2- ;<- =%?- /?- C- ,3?- &.- $;$- .$- 2R%- 2- =- LA/- 8A%- K$-
0R:C-l3-;R.-5.-<%-*A.-GA-#$-3:A-/%-.-]$?, .J-/?-#R?-l3-#$-!R%-2-.$-.$R/-0:A-/%-$A-z-{:A-K$-+-28$-&A%-l3-
0-*%-%-8A$-z-{:A-8=-=-2{?, 
*A/- $*A?- 0<- K$- 0R?- <%- *A.- GA- l3- 0- 3J.- 0- 3,R%- 2- .%- #$- 3- .$- .- .%- z- {:A- K$- +- ;R.- 0- 3,R%- 2?- #R-
 
=-:)A$?- $%- (J/- 0R-*J?, .R/- :P2-GA?- 2>.-o<-1=-(J<-.$R/-0:A-/%-$A-z-{-vR$?-/?-HR.-GA-l3-0-9R?-?R%-, HR.-
GA?-#R%-$A-8=-=-2v?-/->J?-$?=-<J.,   

•213•
 K$-0R-.J-;A.-*R-2:A-|R-/?-2>.-o<-%-.-v-z-?<-:PR-3A-,2-0?-KA<-HA3-+-=R$-o-;A/, HJ.-<%-z-?<-?R%-9J<,   
.R/-:P2-GA?-G%-%-$&A$-0-z-?<-:PR-3A-:.R.-0?-%-;%-HA3-+-=R$-.$R?-9J<, 

寺院里的佛像吃糌粑
很久以前，一个叫东智的穷人有个富有的邻居。那个邻居家有很多糌粑，但是他很贪婪，
从来不给别人吃他的糌粑。
有一天东智的糌粑吃完了，他想：“如果我去向我的邻居要点糌粑，他肯定不会给的。
看来我得骗一点过来。”
那天晚上东智拿一些木柴到花园里生起火来。他那富有的邻居见了以后觉得很奇怪。他
到东智家去问：“东智，你今晚为什么烧火啊？”
东智说：“昨天我听别人说拉萨的糌粑很贵，所以我想做点糌粑到拉萨去卖。”
那富有的邻居觉得这个主意太好了。他对东智说：“我亲爱的邻居，我可以和你一起去
拉萨卖糌粑吗？”
东智说：“当然可以。”
第二天早晨那个富人把两袋糌粑驮在一头牦牛背上，东智却把装有草料和树叶的两个袋
子绑在了一头驴背上。
然后他俩就往西藏出发了。到了晚上天黑下来时，他俩呆在一座寺院里过夜。那富人非
常疲倦，所以很快就睡着了。
东智假装睡觉。到了半夜，他起来把他的袋子里的草料和树叶喂给了牦牛和驴，然后把
邻居的糌粑倒进了自己的袋子里，并且把邻居的空袋子放在寺院里的佛像手上，还在佛像的嘴
里放了一些糌粑。
第二天早晨富人发现他的糌粑没了，袋子空空的放在佛像的手上。他简直惊呆了。
东智说：“可能是寺院里的佛太饿了，就把你的糌粑给吃掉了。看看他的嘴就知道了。”
富人伤心地说：“现在我不能去拉萨了。我要回家，你一个人去拉萨吧。”
东智说：“我想我也要回家。我不想一个人去拉萨。”

aR2-5/-*J<-2o.-0,  第二十八课
3A-?J3?-3R-2:A-;=-{R<-,J%?->A$
+$- +$- :.A:A- }R/-.- %- =- /- 2R- ,A- AJ3- IA- :UA/- ;A$- &A$- :LR<- L%- , #R- <%- AR- ?A- NA<- ;- <- ;R.- =, .J- $- /?- ^-
S$-:$R<-?R%-2-<J.,   
,A-AJ3-/A-29R-0/-)?-:$R.-0-8A$-;A/-=, #R?-!%-9A-(J/-0R-8A$-+-=?-!-LJ.-GA-;R.-&A%-AR-?A-NA<-;-;A-?-(-3%-0R-
8A$-=-?R%-MR%-, #R?-AR-?A-NA<-;-;A-_%?-:#R<-8A$-*R?-3-,$-;A/-=, .-v-#R-<%-AJ-=A-?A-8J?-0:A-AR-?A-NA<-;:A-vJ-2<-;R.-
0:A- PR%- h=- (%- 2- .J<- ?R%- ;R., #R- <%- 3A- :I%?- 0<- PR%- HJ<- D<- 7J/- =- :PR- o- ;A/- 8A%- , .J- /?- _%?- :#R<-2{R<-+J-1<-nA-
=-:PR-o-<J.,
}R/-(.-%:A-/-2R-KA-o=-=-?R%-3-MR%-2?, #R?-;=-{R<-:.A-/A-@-&%-3R-$%-.R.-0R-8A$-<J.-~3-;R.,
•214•
 一次令人兴奋的旅行
我刚刚收到我哥哥蒂姆的一封信。他在澳大利亚。他在那里已经六个月了。
蒂姆是个工程师，在一家大公司工作。他已经参观了澳大利亚的很多不同的地方。他刚
买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，就去了位于澳大利亚中部的一个小镇——艾利斯·斯普林斯。很快
他要去达尔文，然后从那里开车去伯斯。
我哥哥以前从来没去国外，所以他觉得这次旅行非常兴奋。

aR2-5/-*J<-.$-2,  第二十九课
OJ-2R<·1R<-,A-3/,
OJ- 2R<·1R<- ,A- 3/- /A- OJ- NA- ,J- +A- =?- =R- $*A?- +$- +$- $A?- (J- =, #R- <%- =R 24;A/, #R- =- 29R- 0/- <A$-
0:A-,R2-,%-,R2-;R.-=, ,J-+A-.%-#R-$*A?-GA?-29R-9-$&A$-+-=?-!-LJ.-0-;A/, (29R-9-$&A$-=-=?-!:A-.?-5S.-3,/-G%-, 
#J-#$-3A-:S-2-<-;R.,)
#R- $*A?- GA- 3A-:S- ?- /A- :.A- v- !J, OJ- 2R<- /A- 29:- 1A$- L?- 9A/, #R- =- <%- $A- (%- 3- .%- 3A%- =- ?J- <- 9J<- 2:A- 2- 3R- (%-
(%-8A$-;R.-&A%-, .-.%-(%-8A%-.J%-<2?-GA-3=-#%-$*A?-=?-P2-0:A-#%-0-8A$-.%-, w3-<-(%-(%-8A$-G%-;R., 
?J3?-:#<-LJ.-?:3-$/.-.R/-;R.-.3-8J-/-3J.-.J, ,J-+A-.%-:S-2<-#R-<%-@-&%-*A.-0R-<J., ;A/-;%-#R-=-|R<-3R-
3%- 0R- 3J., ^- <J- <J:A- /%- .- #R?- O=- .%=- .%- , #%- \, \R$- .%- ?R=- _%?, (, 9- 3, 29:- 3A- $?3- $:A- H- <A/- 2&?- 1.-
eJ?- z$- 3- /- |R<- 3R- 3%- 0R- 3J., .J:A- KA<- #R- =- _%?- :#R<- ;R.- 0- 3- <J., .- v:%- #R- =- _%?- :#R<- 3J., ;A/- ;%- =R- eJ?- 3:A-
/%-.-;R.-G%-YA., 

特雷弗·波特曼
特雷弗·波特曼二十四岁，比泰德只大两岁。他已经拿到了工程学学位，和泰德在同一
家工厂里工作（同一家工厂，同样的工作时间，但在不同的部门。）
不同的是，特雷弗已经结婚了。他有妻子和小孩——一个叫萨拉的女儿。他还有自己的
房子——有点小，但是非常现代，带有两个卧室和一个小花园。
有什么担忧和困难吗？没有。比如泰德，他很开心，尽管他没有很多钱。每个月他交完
税款、房费、电费、煤气费和水费，还要买吃的和穿的，这样剩下的钱就不多了。所以不考虑
买车。目前他还没有小汽车，或许明年就有了。

•215•
 aR2-5/-?3-&-2,  第三十课
2b?-?R%-2:A-t$?-g,
,J- +A- <- 0A/- ?A/- IA?- $9:- :#R<- }R/- 3:A- /%- ?J3?- #<- +$- +$- L?- /?- 2#.- 0- <J., $9:- :#R<- }R/- 3:A- $9:-
3A$- .3<- *A/, #R- =- .J- $:A- 2.J- Y%- #=- /?- :UA/- ;A$- &A$- :LR<- 8A%- , :UA/- ;A$- .J:A- /%- #R- <%- #=- .J<- ;R%- o:A- <J- 2-
8?- ;R.- 0?, ,J- +A?- 2.J- Y%- 2?- #R- <%- :2R.- .R/- IA- ,.- =- 2?3- ]R- 2+%- 2- <J., #- ?%- #R- <%- #=- .J<- ?R%- 2?- $8A-
/?-?J3?-#<-3J.-0<-I<-;R., 
#=-.J-<-:63-IA?-#J%?-0:A-2.J-Y%-2-8A$-$A?-#R-=-#R:C-t$?-g-fJ.-L%-9J<, *J/-gR$-0-.J?-#R<-2>.-o<, *A/-
s:A- }R/- =- t$?- g- .J- 2<- ,$- .LA/- =J- 28A- 2o- ;R.- 0:A- PR%- 5S- (%- (%- 8A$- /?- fJ.- =, .- v- 3J- :#R<- /%- /?- HJ.- GA- ;=- =-
*J=-;R%-2:A-|%-;A/-9J<, 
$/?- 5=- :.A- ,R?- 3- ,$- +- ,J- +A- >A/- +- ;- 35<- 8A%- , #R?- .J- /A- 2?3- ;=- =?- :.?- 0- 8A$- G%- <J.- ~3- +J, #R?-
t$?- g- .J- KA<- fJ.- ,2- 0- /A- ?J3?- =:%-:(<- 3- MR%? , t$?- g- .J- /A- =R- *A- >:A- }R/- +J- ,J- +A- /A- =R- 5S.- 2&R- s<- ?R/- 0:A- LA?- 0-
8A$-;A/-{2?-2R<-?R%-2-<J.,   
被偷掉的自行车
泰德·洛宾逊上个星期一直很担心。上星期二他收到了当地警察局的一封信，信中要求
他去一趟警察局。泰德捉摸着为什么警察要找他。他昨天去了警察局后就不再担心了。
在警察局里，一个满面笑容的警察告诉他他的自行车找到了。警察说五天前在一个四百
英里之外的小村庄里找到了那辆自行车，现在正在火车上送往他家。
泰德听到这个消息非常吃惊。当然也很高兴，因为他从来没有期望能找到这辆车。这辆
自行车是二十年前被偷的，当时泰德只有十五岁。

aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0,  第三十一课
;R-<R2-/2-3, 
;R- <R2- \A%- $A- ?- #=- :.A- <- 1=- (J<- 3A- .%- K<- $?3- .%- LJ- 2- $?3-z$- $/?- ;R., :)<- 3/- IA- 3A- P%?- (J?- 3%-
8A%-, 3A-:2R<-:.?-5.-(J?-3,R-2:A-o=-#2-/A-0J-&3-.%-/J-n<-=/-;A/-=, .J-/A-o=-#2-GA-o-HR/-(%-2:A-nJ/-IA?-;A/,
L%- KR$?- GA- ?- #=- =- =R- ZA=- 2R<- (<- :22- &A%- , /3- ^- @- &%- :H$?- >A%- 5- 2- (J- .?- >A/-+-*%-, ?A-1J/-.%-AA-,-
=A?-/A-?-.GA=--o=-#2-;A/- =, .J-.$-?-.GA=- o- 35S:C-*J- :P3-.- ;R.-0?-;A/, :.A-<-.L<-#<-5-2-(J-8A%-.$/-#<-(<-
2-3R.-=, {3-8A%-5-2-(J-2:A-<A-3$R-<-5-=-3-.%-=J-3/, A-<-<-*J?-;R., 
•216•
 ;R- <R2- \A%- $A- (J?- 3,R- 2:A- <A- |%- /A-AJ- =R- 1- ?A:A- 0A- =/- #A- <A- |%- ;A/- =, 1?- <J- /J?- ?A- <A- 2R- /A- /3- ;%- #- 2?-
$;R$?-;R.,
L%- KR$?- ?- #=- o=- #2- GA- {.- (- /A- $4S- 2R<- $/:- 2R:C- :)<- 3/- {.- =?- :1J=- :I<- L%- 2- ;A/- =, o=- #2-
$8/-.$-$A-{.-(-/A-=-,A/-{.-.J-=R-!R%-U$-$*A?-GA-}R/-=-AA-,-=A?-2!R=-,R.-L?-0:A-{.-(-=?-:1J=-:I<-L%-2-;A/,

西欧
西欧是大约 3.3 亿人的家园。其中德国的人口最多，但比利时和荷兰是人口最密集的国
家，因为它们的面积比较小。
北部常年下雨，很少有太热或者太冷的天气。西班牙和意大利是地中海国家，因为它们
在地中海上。那里夏天气候炎热干燥，冬天雨水很多。炎热干燥的山上种植着桔子、柠檬和橄
榄。
欧洲最高的山峰是阿尔卑斯山脉的勃朗山，而庇利纽斯山脉常年白雪覆盖。
北部国家的语言主要来源于古德语，其它国家的语言源自 2000 年前的意大利人说的拉丁语。 

aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课  (A)

\-LJ.-$/3-P,
$/3- P:A- .J.- .0R/- 0J/- nR- ?J- ,A- ;A?- !/- .%- 3A- 3,/- 0:A- \- LJ.- $/3- P- 8A$- *R?- +J- 82?- :.J$?- GA- L- 2- $?<- 2-
8A$-$A-:$R-2l3?-0-<J., “\-LJ.-$/3-P” :.A-/A-:P=-28.-0-2./->R%-0:A-$/3-P-8A$-;A/, ;-35<-2:A-$/3-P-:.A-
/A-$-?-$%-.:%-:22-,2,
.J.-.0R/-nR-?A-,A-;A-:P=-28.-0-.%-0R-/A-(/-0-8A$-;A/-=, #R-<%-0A<-3A/-@/-/?-7J-=R-8A-<A-#=-IA-PR%-5S-(%-(%-
8A$-+-:1<-2-<J., .J:A-eJ?-/?-.J.-.0R/-nR-?A-,A-;A?-3PR/-0R-.$-(-o?-3J.-0:A-?-(-3%-0R<-2*=-2-<J., 
.J.- .0R/- nR- ?A- ,A- ;A?- 5S%- 2- 8A$- $A- ;- 35<- 2:A- <J- 2- !J, /2- GA- o- 35S- (J/- 0R:C- /%- $A- \A%- U/- (%- (%- 8A$- +- :1<-
o-.J- #?- 3- ]%?- 0- <J., .J.- .0R/- nR- ?A- ,A- ;A?- #R- <%- .J<- 3- 2*=- 2:A- o- 35/- /A- .J- =- :1<- 2*R.- L?- /- @- &%- *J/- #- (J-
2?-;A/, 

一辆出租飞机
本·弗斯特飞行员买了一辆非同寻常的出租飞机，开始了一个新的服务业。那架出租飞
机是个能乘七个人的小型飞机，在哪儿都能着落。
弗斯特飞行员的第一位乘客是从伯明罕到维尔斯山中的一个小村庄去的医生，从那时
起，弗斯特飞行员带乘客到了很多不寻常的地方。
弗斯特飞行员刚刚拒绝了一个想到大西洋的一个小岛上去的一个商人古怪请求。弗斯特
飞行员没有答应他因为那个旅途太危险了。
•217•
 aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0,  第三十二课  (B)
2R%-2:A-3<,
o=-2R-8A$-=-:LR<-K$-w/, =R-P%?-=-o=-2R-.J?-;=-3A-i3?-=-3<-O=-2!=, $=-+J-#R-5S?-3<-O=-3-:)=-
/, #R?-#R-5S<-(.-0-(J/-0R-$&R., .J:A-.2%-$A?-;=-3A-i3?-o=-2R-.J<-3A-.$:,   
*A/-8A$ A-#-2!/-0-#R:C-2-.%-3*3-.-o=-2R-5%-$A-*J-?<-?R%-/?-#R:A-2-=-h%-3$R-2l3?, o=-2R?-3,R%-/?-
A-#-2!/-0<“HR.-GA?-2-=-h%-/?-&A-L”8J?-SA?, 
A-#-2!/-0?-*R-2:A-%%-/?“%:A-2?-2R%-2-2?.-?R%-, .-%?-HR.-=-3<-O=-:)=-3A-,2”&J?-wR/-5B$-LA/, 
o=-2R-.J-<J-8A$-=-&A-2>.-$+R=-3J.-+- I<-/?“HR.-GA?-2R%-2:A-3<-IA?-HR.-GA-O=-:)=-2-;A/-/3”8J?-
SA?,
A-#-2!/-0?“.J-2.J/-0-;A/”8J?-2>.,
o=-0R?-A-#-2!/-0-#R:A-36S.-#%-.-OA.-/?, “HR.-GA?-2R%-2:A-3<-$%-;A/-0->J?-?3”8J?-SA?,
A-#-2!/-0?-“>J?”8J?-=/-2+2,
o=-0R?“%?-2R%-2:A-3<-3A-29:, %:A-36S.-#%-/?-HR.-GA-2R%-2:A-3<-HJ<-8A$“&J?-2>.,
A-#-2!/-0?-3<-(J?-29%-2R-2.3?-/?-.$:-2?-MR?-28A/-KA<-;=-.-=R$

驴酥油
一个国王要求当地人交纳酥油税。如果他们不交纳，国王就会严厉地惩罚他们。正因为
这个原因，当地人都不喜欢这个国王。
东巴大叔非常贫穷，他没有多少财产。有一天，东巴大叔到国王家附近开始打自己的儿
子。国王看见了就问东巴大叔：“你为什么打你的儿子啊?”
东巴大叔伤心地回答：“我儿子杀掉了我的驴，现在我交纳不了你的酥油税了。”
国王一时无语，过了一会儿才说：“你是用驴酥油给我纳税的？”
东巴大叔说：“对啊。”
国王把东巴大叔带到自己的库房里，问：“你知道哪块酥油是你的驴酥油吗？”
东巴大叔说：“是的，我知道。”
国王说：“我不吃驴酥油。请把你的驴酥油从我的库房里拿走。”
东巴大叔挑了一块最好的酥油，然后高高兴兴地回家去了。
从此国王再也不敢向当地人征酥油税了。

•218•
 aR2-5/-?R-$?3-2,  第三十三课
2R.-GA-g-o$?-:P/-2#<,
      HJ.-GA?-.-}-#3?-KR$?-GA-g-o$?-:P/-2#<-.J-$R-,R?-L%-AJ-MR%-, g-o$?-:P/-2#<-(%-(%-?-(-$8/-3%-
0R-8A$- +-%J=-GA/- ;R.-<%- , ;=->=- .%- =A- ,%- $A-.J-/A- (J?-o- (J-2:A-g- o$?-:P/-2#<- $*A?- <J., 2R.-GA-*J?-0-i3?-GA?-
YR=- o/-IA- o/- $R?-IR/- 8A% - g-1R- i3?- GA?- C- ,%- 2%- $A?- :UJ.- .- $&R.- &A%- , *- 3A- i3?- GA?- 3J- 3.:-.%- #- 2+$?- 2!R=-
/?-<%-<%-$A-g-l=-3%R/-IA-;R.-=, 3J-3.:-i3?->R$-$:A-:2J/-!J%-.-:1J/-8A%-.J-.%-(2?-&A$-g-2-$8/-i3?-GA?-!<-
+-21A$?-0:A-,%-$A-#-2+$?-;<-=J/-0<-LJ.-0-;A/, 
      g- o$?- :P/-2#<- IA- 36.- |R:A- !J%- .- 2R.- 3A- i3?- GA?- \-=J/- $<- lJ.-$- 5S$?- LJ.- 0- /A- (R?- &A-.$R?, =J/- 0:A-
\-.$-/A-2R.-\-.%-o-\-$*A?-!-;R.-=-82?-VR-/A-1R-3R-$*A?-!-3*3-$&A$-+-:O2-0-;A/, 
      :.A- :S:A- .?- (J/- .$- /A- 2R.- GA- 9?- <A$?- $- 5S$?- =:%- o?- =R/- LJ.- 0:A- $R- {2?- 29%- 0R- 8A$- G%-;AA/- +J, HA3-
5%- .$- .%- PR$?- 0R- i3?- \A%-$- $+R%-2<- :PR- 2- .%- , >- .%-8R, $R- <J, ,$- 0- ?R$?- =R%?- ?- ,R.- 0- ;A/, .J- :S:A- 9?- =-
{2?- $8/- .:% - =R%?- ?- ,R.- 0- ;A/-=- 2R.- 0- 5S?- HJ.- <%- #R- 5S- .% - 3*3- +-#- $&A$- /?- $./- =- 28$?- /?- 9?-9- 2<-
$./-:SJ/-8-;%-YA., .J-v<-/-/?-5S.-GA?-#R%-5S-.%-3*3-.-<R=-2<-IA?-.%-.J-/A-3R-*A.-GA-$4S-2R-8A$-;A/,   

藏族赛马会
你曾经听说过康巴地区的赛马会吗？虽然很多地方都举行赛马会，但是最隆重的在玉树
和理塘。藏族男子们身着藏装，骑着骏马在草原上奔驰。骑手们常用步枪和哈达等物来展示自
己的骑术。他们骑着马用步枪射击纸制的小靶子，还从马背上捡起排列在地面上的数条哈达
当然了，赛马会上还有很多藏族歌舞表演。歌手们用藏语和汉语两种语言演唱。舞蹈是
男人和女人们一起表演的。
这些节日还是品尝藏餐的好机会。家人和朋友们在外野餐，吃大量的肉、酸奶、馍馍和
面条。尽管人们平时也吃这些食物，但藏族人们可能会邀请你过去坐下来和他们一起吃。假如
你要是受到别人的邀请，一定要加入他们……这是很有趣的事！
 
aR2-5/-?R-28A-2,  第三十四课
2N->A?-GA?-#R:A-PR$?-0R-8A$-;=-=-OA.-0,
/- /A%- .L<- #<, 0J- &A/- aR2- 9- (J/- 3R-<- .LA/- ;A$- aR2- .R%- LJ.-28A/- 0:A- aR2- 3- 2N- >A?- GA?- A- 3J- <A- !:A- PR$?-
0R-)R/-*A.-2R.-GA-L%-KR$?-?-$/?-0:A-#R:C-1-;=-.-OA.-0-<J., 

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 2N- >A?- GA- 1- 3- $*A?- /A- :VR$- 0- ;A/- =, #R- 5S- 4-$<- /%- .- 2#.- ;R., #R- 5S?- =R- <J- =- <- ,J%?- $*A?- <J<- %R<-
8A%-, .$/-#<-<A-:.2?->A$-+-:.$-0-.%-.L<-#<-<A-3$R<-$/?-%R-2--;A/,   
#R-5%-=-$;$-.%-28R/-337.%-, <-355, =$77, g202&?-K$?-9R$-3%-0R-8A$-;R., #R-5%-$A?-:VA-.%-36S-
3R, <- 3- 2&?-GA- - :R- 3- 28R- 8A%- , 2N- >A?- GA- A- 3?- 3<- .%- K<- 2- =?- 0- .%- , :R- 3A- =J/- 0, 8R- o$- 0- ?R$?- GA- =?- !- LJ.-
0-;A/, 2N->A?-GA-A-1?-K$?-9R$-.$-*A/-<J<-28A/-.-C-?<-.J.-/?-:5S-*R%-LJ.-0-;A/, 
)R/- /A- 2R.- GA- 9- 3<- .$:- 8A%- , #R?- /?- 2dR?- 3- 2+$?- 0- .%- , 3<, K<- 2, !- <- *%- *%- 8A$- 2&?- ;R.- 0:A-
/%- .-)- ]$?- +J- 3*3- .- 2mA?- 0:A- l3- 0- 9- 2- .%- , :R- ):A- /%- .- 3<- :1%?- 0:A- .N$?- )- :,%-2-;A/, #R-<%-.- .%-=$-
>-.%-{3->-24S?-3-=-;%-.$:-2-;A/,
)R/- .J- $- /- ;R.- {2?, ?- $/?- .J:A- 2R.- 0- i3?- GA?- .?- !R/- 8A$-:5R$?, .J- ;%- 2R.- 0- 3%- 0R- <A- 2R- 8A$- $A-
*J-?<-:5S$?-+J-$8A-2.$-=-3(R.-:2=-L?-0-.%-, g-o$?, 3.:-:1J/, :)-<J?-GA-:P/-2#<-G%-L?-=, 82?-VR:%-
3%- .- :O2- 0- <J., )R/- /A- .J- .$- =?- G%- 82?- VR- =- 3R- $%- ;- 35/- *J?- >A%- , 2R.- 0- 2o- U$- 3%- 0R?- 1- ,%- <A%- 2R- &/- IA-
2R.-H- IRR/- ;R.- =, *J?- 0- i3?- GA?-:)<- g- IR/-0:A-b%-2?-:.J$?-:)R$-+<-{2?, 2.-3J.-i3?-GA?-|J$-0:A-*3?-.%-
2&?-#R-5S:C-.!<-8A%-<A%-2:A-1-,%-$;$?-0-<J., 
)R/-=-3R-2-:1J=-8A%-#R?-2N->A?-5%-=-;%-2*<-;R%-,2-0:A-<J-2-2&%?-;R.-0-<J.,

扎西带一个朋友回家
去年夏天，在北京大学学习英语的扎西带他的美国朋友约翰去了位于西藏北部的家。
扎西的父母都是牧民，他们住在帐篷里。每年他们要搬迁两次。冬天他们住在山脚下，
夏天搬到山上去住。
他们有很多家畜：三十七头牦牛和奶牛，五十五只山羊，七十七只绵羊和二十匹马。他
们从母牦牛、奶牛和山羊身上挤奶。扎西的母亲还用奶子制做酥油、干酪、乳酪和酸奶。扎西
的父亲每天赶着家畜到草地上放牧。
约翰喜欢藏族食物。他吃了在炒熟的青稞里拌进酥油、干酪、茶水和糖后做成的糌粑，
还喝了酥油茶。他也喜欢吃煮羊肉和牦牛肉。
约翰在那里的时候，当地的藏族人们过了一个节日。很多藏族聚集在一座大山附近祭拜
山神。他们还举行了赛马活动、射箭比赛，和摔跤比赛，还有很多舞蹈表演。约翰特别感兴趣
的是那些舞蹈。几百个藏族男女穿着长袖藏袍翩翩起舞。当女人们优雅地挥动着长长的白色袖
子时，男子们用他们的靴子有力地踩着地面。
约翰玩得很开心，他希望能再次拜访扎西的家。
 

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 aR2-5/-?R-s-2,  第三十五课

=A?-9A?-2R.-GA-.$R/-0-8A$-=-3)=-2, 
35S-}R/-IA-aR2-9-(J/-3R-8A$-+-.LA/-;A$-aR2-.R%-LJ.-GA/-;R.-0:A-aR2-3-z-3R-;A?-3R:C-.LA/-!A-=/-IA-PR$?-3R-=A?-
9A-*A.-.$/-$/%-$A-{2?-?- <%-;=-.-OA.-0-<J., z-3R:C-1-;=-/A-{-:23-!J-2R.-GA-/%-2!/-P2-3,:A-;-I=-.$J-=$?-
0:A-.$R/-0-P$?-&/-.J:A-*J-:.2?-?-$/?-=, P2-3,:-:.A-*A.-GA-YR=-:LJ.-3#/-4S%-#-2-/A-,A-=R1357=R<-.J-?-$-/?-
{-:O%?->A%-, #R%-$A?-/%-2!/-=-=J$?-2&R?-36.-:$RR-2l3?, 
=A?- 9A?- z- 3R- .%- 3*3- .- .$R/- 0- :.A- =-2v- 2:A- <J- 2?- 2g?- >A%- , z- 3R?-/%-2:A- z- {-3A- :S- 2- .$-.%- z- {-
$8/- i3?- GA- 35S/- .R/- :PJ=- 2>.- L?- 0- <J., %R- 35<- 2:A- :S- {- .J- .$- $A?-=A?- 9A:A- ;A.- ?J3?-S%?->A%-, 3<-{-.$-=-
3R- $%- z$- +- :1J=- 2- <J., 3R?- .- .%- .$R/- 0:A- #R<- ;$- /A- H.- 0<- &/- 8A$- ;A/- 0- gR$?- L%- , .J- ;%- , 3- /A-:#R<- =R- .%- , 
>$- =R- 2YJ$?- 0:A-SA- 2?%- , .3- 0:A- $?%- <2- [R$- 0:A- (R?- 1, &R%- 1- 2&?- GA?- 3R- =- 2$- ($?- 92- 3R- 8A$- 28$- !J-
2eJ.-.!:-2<-I<,
#R- 5S?- .- .%- .$R/- 0- .J- <- .$J- aR%- .%- 3)=- 2- 3%- 2R- 3,R%- 8A%- , 3)=- 2- i3?- /A- !/- ?:- .%- ?A- OR/, ;/- //, 
35S- }R/- IA- 2R.- 0:A- ?- (- .%- , .2?- $4%- KR$?- /?- ;R%- 2- ;A/- =, 3)=- 2- 3%- 0R?- eJ- 4S%- #- 2:A- >=- 28$- gJ/- LA/- _2?-
&/-i3?-28$?-0:A-z-#%-$A-3./-/-K$-:5=-28A/-;R.-0-<J., 
=A?- 9A- .%- z- 3R- $*A?- .$R/- 0:A- /%- $A- .0<- #%- =:%- 3)=- 2- <J., .J- <- .3- 0:A- $?%- <2- 3%- 0R-=$- 0<- 2gJ/-
/?-.0<->A%-$A?-.0<-;R.-=, .0<->A%-%R?-?-=$-VA?-;A-$J:A-<A-3R-2bR?-;R.-0-.%-, .J:A-!J%-.-$$-5-L$?--/?-.3-0:A-
$?%- <2- .J- .$- .0<- 2- <J., .$R/- 0- .J- <- <A/- ,%- @- &%- (J- 2:A- .3- 0:A- $?%- <2- 3%- 0R- *<- 5$?- L?- ;R., =A?- 9A- .$R/-
0- .%- :V=- {2?, 3R- =- 2R.- GA- .0J- 35S/- <A$- $/?- 35<- 2R- 8A$- 3,R%- L%- 2:A- 2?3- 5=- *J?->A%- , 3R?- 2R.- GA- =R- o?- .%-
(R?-=$?-{R<-=-aR2-.R%-LJ.-o:A-?J3?-,$-2&.-.J, .J-v-/-3R-<%-$A?-.$R/-0-:.A-=-;%-2*<-3)=-{2?-$/?-5=-3%-
0R-8A$-gR$?-,2-%J?-;A/,   

利斯参观一座藏传佛教寺院
拉毛是青海一所大学里英语专业的学生。春节放假时她带了她的英国朋友利斯回家。拉
毛家住在塔尔寺附近。塔尔寺是藏传佛教格鲁派（黄教）的一座著名寺院。1357 年，格鲁派
的创始人宗喀巴就诞生于此地，后来他进行了一场佛教改革。

•221•
 利斯充满热情地观赏着她俩一起参观的这座寺院。拉毛给她讲解了各种不同的佛像以及
其它神像的意义。美丽的佛像给利斯留下了深刻的印象。她对酥油花特别感兴趣。她还觉得寺
院的氛围非常特别。转动的经轮，燃烧柏叶的香味，朗朗的诵经声和洪亮的钟声都给她留下了
难以忘怀的印象。
她们还在寺院里看见了很多喇嘛和朝圣者。朝圣者们来自西藏和甘肃、四川、云南、青
海等省的藏区。很多朝圣者在供奉着宗喀巴大师遗物的佛殿前面磕长头。
利斯和拉毛还参观了寺院的印经院。在这里，用木版手工印刷经文。木版是人工雕刻的，涂上
墨水后就可以印出经文。寺院收藏了很多非常有价值的经文。离开寺院时利斯觉得她看到了典
型的藏族文化。她决定学习更多的关于藏族历史和宗教的知识，以便她下次参观这座寺院时能
懂得多一点。  

aR2-5/-?R-S$-2,  第三十六课 

2R.-o=-YR%-24/-|3-0R,
YR%-24/-|3-0R-/A-;2-o=-2R-$/3-<A-YR%-24/-.%-;3-5K-%R%-29:-:VA-3-,R.-.!<-$*A?-GA-Y?-?-,A-=R617=R<-
1R-V%-3A-:I<-L3?-0-\A%-.-{-:O%?-0-;A/,
#R%- *A.- .$%- =R- 2&- $?3- IA- !J%- .- o=- 2R<- .2%- 2{<- =, #R?- o=- ?- *R%- {2?- $=- (J- 2:A- .R/- L-:$:- 8A$-
=J$?- :P2- L%- 2- <J., .J- ;%- {2?- .J<- 2R.- =- ;A- $J- 3J.- 0?, o=- 2R- YR%- 24/- |3- 0R?- ]R/- 0R- ,R/- 3A- ?3- SR- B- *A.- o-
$<- .-3%$?- >A%- , #R?- .J- /?- ;A$- <A$?- .- 3<- L%- (2- 0<- .%?- 0- .%- 2R.- GA- {.-.%- 3,/- 0:A- .L%?- $?=- =J$?- 0<-
2.3?->A%-29R?-+J-KA<-2R.-;=-.-=R$
o=- 2R- #R%- *A.-G%- =R- $?3- z$- $A- <A%- 353?- =- 28$?- >A%- , .J:A- <A%- =- #R%- $A?- (R?- YA.- $*A?- GA- 2!/- 2&R?-
3%- 0R- 36.- 0- <J., eJ?- ?- o=- #3?- 2.J- 2:A- (J.- ., o=- 2R- YR%- 24/- |3- 0R?- 2R.- ;=- :.A- *A.- ;=- IA- .2%- <A?- .- 3<-
2&.-=, OA3?-=$?-3%-0R-29R?-0-<J., 
o=-2R- YR%- 24/- |3- 0R:C- {- <A%-=, .- .%- 2eA.-&A%- 36K?- #$- w/- 0:A- 1R- V%- 0R- +- =- !J, 2R.-GA-29R-0/-,.-GA-.0J-
35S/-.J-*A.-28J%?-:$R-5$?->A%-, .3-0:A-$?%-<2-3%-0R-2R.-;A$-=-=R-B-LJ.-0<-3,/-nJ/-3%-0R-212?-0-<J.,
#R?-24/-3R-$*A?-28J?->A%-, $&A$-/A-o-eJ-,%-,J-4%-$A-Y?-3R-.%-, $8/-$&A$-/A-2=-2R:C-o=-2R:A-Y?-3R-;A/,
o=- 2R- YR%- 24/- |3- 0R- =- _2?- (J/- IA- 36.- eJ?- 3%-0R- ;R.- !2?, .- v:%- 2R.- GA- ;=- P- !/- +- eJ?- S/- LJ.-
28A/-;R.,

•222•
 吐蕃国王——松赞干布
松赞干布于公元 617 年出生于永久慈悲宫。他的父亲是诺日·松赞，他的母亲是则邦·萨
智玛托伽。
他十三岁时即位。他在统治期间完成了几项很重要的事业。当时藏族还没有文字，于是
松赞干布派他的大臣吞弥·桑布扎去印度学习。在那里他学习了不同的语言。后来他引进和创
制了最适合藏语的文字回到了吐蕃。
松赞干布还隐居过三年多，在此期间他写了很多有关宗教和政治方面的文集。后来为了
和平，松赞干布把吐蕃划分为不同的行政管理区域，并且制定了很多法律。
松赞干布在位时还修建了布达拉宫，那是藏族建筑业的一大奇观。他大力支持藏族译师
把很多佛教经典翻译成了藏文。
他有两个妃子，一个是唐朝皇帝唐太宗的女儿，另一个是尼泊尔国王的女儿。
由于他伟大的业绩，藏族人民至今都还记着他。

aR2-5/-?R-2./-2,  第三十七课

:VR%-, 
:VR%- /A- YR$- ($?- @- &%- (J/- 0R- 8A$- !J , .J- /A- 1=- (J<- =R- %R- *A?- !R%- ;<- }R/- /?- 2R.-;= - .-:.=- $?R- L?- +J - |R-
K$?-?- I<- ;R., 5S.- .0$- L?- 0- v<- /- .- v- :VR%-OA- 5S- $&A$- ;?- 3?- $/?- :.A<- :5S- 28A/- ;R., 35S- 2R.- 3,R- |% - .- |R-
$;$-:VA-.%-36S-3R- .%-K<-2&-$*A?-=?-3%-2-8A$-:5S-28A/-;R.,
|R-$;$-/A-:VR%-=?-(%-2-;A/,
(J?- (J- 2:A- :VR%-$A-uA.- 5.-=- 1=- (J<- ,A- o 1000 43- ;R.- 0- .%-, .J- .$- /A- o- 35S:C- %R?- GA- 3,R- 5.- (A 3200 
/?5400 2<-IA- 35S- 2R.- 3,R- |%- .- :5S- $/?- LJ.- GA/- ;R.,  ?- ,$- <A%- 2:A- ;=-KR$?- ><- IA- !/- ?:- 8A%- (J/- .%- /2- GA-
=-?$?-2&?-?:%-.J-5S-<J-:$:-3,R%-,2-0-;A/, .J-5S-2=-;=-/?-<A$?-o.-(.-0<-~3-GA/-;R.-0-<J., 
YR$- ($?- (J/- 0R-.J- .$- /A- P%- %<- (J- 2:A- 3,R- |%- =- =J$?- 0<- $R3?- ;R.- .J , #R- 5S<-;R.- 0:A- O$- $A- U-
1%-/A-.3:-?<-$/?-0:A-|R-K$?-=?-3%-2?, .J?- #R- 5S?- 3#:- .2$?- =?- .L%- .2$?- 3%- .-:LA/-d2- ,2- 0- .%- 3,R-
|%-/?-2.J-,%-%%-:5S-2-<R=-,2-0<-LJ.-0-<J., 
#R-5S-/A-P%-8A% - <A%- 2:A- .$/- ^:A- $.$-l2-GA-P%-_%-.%-# - 2- 2- ;$- =-#-$+.-,2-0-;A/-+J, /3-^:A-:H$-5.-
$R<-,A$-3/-IA-ZJ-ZA-+:-28A-2&-=-z%-/:%-#R-5S-:5S-,2-0-;A/,    
:VR%-=-!$-&A%-<A%-2:A-lA.-0-.%-5-2:A-kJ/-2-#->?-;R.-0-.J-.$-/A-5-2-o/-:6B/-LJ.-0<-1/-0:A-( - nJ/- <J., #R-
5S?-@-&%-P%-2:A-/3-^:A-/%-=:% -35K:-.%-(-U/-/%-/?-O?-LJ.-,2-=-#-2-3,$-0R:C-OR.-.-:P=-2*R.-LJ.-,2, $-

•223•
S%?-3#/-IA-:VR%-&A$-$A?-=3-OA.-&A%-$8/-0-i3?-2!<-UJ%-$&A$-+-21A$?->A%-.=-2<-%% - $- OA.- 3#/- IA- kA$- eJ?- ?-
%R-8A%-:PR-2-;A/,
.$/-#:A-.?-?-#R-5S?-$9/-l-%/-%R/-;A/-+J-{3-8A%-lA%-2:A-C-%/-.%-, fA.-0:A-=R-3:3-;=-$-?R$?-;A/, 
.JA.-!:A-.?-?-:PR-l=-29%-2:A-:VR %-:.A-.$-1=-(J<100 /? 200 H-5S$?-?-L?-+J-:PR-=-.J-5S-35S-2R.-3,R-
|%-$A-?-3,R:C-C-,%-.-?R%-!J-$?<-.-:2?-0:A-C-u%-.%-, (/-l, %%-lA-?R$?-:5S=-2<-LJ., .J-5S-/A-H-5S$?-?-P2-0:A-
YR$-($?-;A/-;%-3A-.%-:VJ=-:SA?-@-&%-.!R/, 
:VR%- U$- i3?- /A- ^- .$:A- 3%=- 43- 0:A- .?-{2?- ;R=- /?- .JA.- ^- 28A- 0- .%- , s- 0, S$- 0:A- /%- .-
*J?->A%- , :VR%- ;%- HA3- 9R$-$A-U- $- 24?- !%?- .%- :S-- 2<-=R- <J<- 2J:- $&A$- <J- 24:- 2- ;A/->R?- (J, :VR%- U$-
&A$-;R%?-?-:5<-=R%?-L%-2<-=R 6 /? 8 2<-.$R?-=-5K-,$-$A-;/-5.-/A-=R 25 43-;A/,
*J-2:A-=R 50 /?  60 /%-.-:VR%-$A-#-P%?-*%-/?-*%-.-KA/-8A%-.J-;%-.?-<2?-*A->-0:A-.GA=-+-5S.-:6B/-LJ.-
3-,2-0:A-dR/-$?R.-.%-, .-v:A-qR$-$?R.-2&?-/A-:VR%-$A-#-P%?-*%-.-:PR-2:A-o-nJ/-$4S-2R-<J.,
.J:A- o- nJ/- $8/- 8A$- /A- |R- $;$- $A- H- 5S$?- i3?- :VR%- :5S- 2:A- $/?- ?- ?R%-2?- #R- 5S<- ;R.- 0:A-
/.-;3?-i3?-:VR%-=-:$R?-?R%-2?-?R,

野牦牛
野牦牛是一种体形巨大的动物。大约在两千多年前它就开始在西藏被驯养。人们估计现
在大概有一万头野牦牛。青藏高原上放牧着大约一千二百多万头驯养的牦牛。
驯养的牦牛比野牦牛小。
最大的野牦牛可能重达一千公斤。它们生活在青藏高原上三千二百米到五千四百米之间
的高海拔地带。在甘肃东边和拉达克南部一带也发现了野牦牛。在尼泊尔野牦牛已经绝种了。
这些体形巨大的动物很适合在气候恶劣的高地生存。它们的血细胞比低海拔带的牛的要
多，这意味着它们能够获取更多的氧气，因此它们可以在高海拔地带过得非常舒服。
它们能够应付寒冷而漫长的冬季，以及狂风暴雪。就算气温降到零下四十摄氏度也没问
题。
野牦牛有很厚的皮和很长的毛，而汗腺极少。这些特点有效地帮助它们保存体温。它们
能在寒冷刺骨的湖水和河水中沐浴，也能在很厚的积雪上行走。一个领头牦牛在前面带路，其
余的排成一行跟随在后面，小心地沿着领头牦牛的足迹前进。
冬天，它们只能以干草、枯叶和嫩枝维持生命。
春天，这些脚步稳健的动物通常会一、两百头成群结队地行走。它们到青藏高原上更高
的草地上去寻找绿草、药草和青苔。它们是群居性动物，避免和人类接触。
春季四月、五月和六月是野牦牛的繁殖期，它们的妊娠期为九个月。野牦牛跟驯养的牦
牛一样，一年只生一头小牛犊。一只小牛犊需要六至八年才能完全长大。野牦牛的寿命大约为
二十五年。

•224•
 在过去的五、六十年里，野牦牛的数量迅速减少。二十世纪后半期不受控制的狩猎和现
在的偷猎是野牦牛变得越来越少的主要因素。
其它因素一个是逐渐壮大的驯养牦牛群，它们霸占了野牦牛的活动区域；另一个是由驯
养的牦牛传染给野牦牛的疾病。

aR2-5/-?R-2o.-2,  第三十八课 
————————————————————————————————
YA/-0/,
YA/- 0/- /A- <A3?- /.- ,2?- h$- &A$- ;A/, 3A- i3?- =- /<- 3- ?R/- 0:A- o- 3:A- YA/- :2- !J, <<:?- #- ;J- /- #:R- #A- ?A, cA-
</- /- =A- ?A- 9A>>:3- 3(A/- YA/- .- :2R.- 0- .J- :$R?- 0- /- /- 2<- :I<, /.- :2- .J- /A- o/- 0<- HA- .% - 7- ;A- !J%- /- ;R.- &A%-, .J-5S-
=?- o-3:A-YA/- :2-i3?-$;$-.%-.3:-?:A-|R-K$?, =$-.%-<-3, 3A-i3?-=-:$R-2<-LJ., o-3:A-YA/-:2-:.A-.$-:63-
\A%- $A- ?- (- 3%- >R?-/- ;R.- &A%- , .J- 5S- /A- :$R?- /.-;R.- 0:A- YR$- ($?- .%-:VJ=- :SA?- LJ.-.$R?- 0:A- 3A- i3?- GA-
2.J-,%-$A-:)A$?-*J/-(J/-0R-8A$-;A/, 
:$R?- /.-;R.- 0:A- YR$- ($?- >A$- .%- <J$- eJ?-HR.- =:%- :$R-YA.-.J, HR.- GA?- =$- 0- 3A- $4%- 2- .J?- $.R%- .%- #- =-
<J$- 0:A- 5K, |R- %- i3?- HR.- GA- =?- !J%- 8$?-:PR- =- |R- %- .J- i3?- YA/-:2- <- :1J=- /?-o- 3:A- /%- .-?R%- 8A%- , .J- /?- O$-
l-o.-.J- 3(A/- 0:A-/%- =- :PR- 2- ;A/, .J- /?- 3(A/-0:A-/%-$A-:2-YA/-IAA-3,:-{R<-.-i$-0/-*J?->A%-.J-i3?-.?-;/-<A%-0R-
8A$- $A- /% - (J- /?- (J-<- *J?-0- ;A/- =- .J:A- .?- ;/- /A- 1=- (J<- =R- s- /?- *A- >:A- 2<- ;A/, 0/- hR$- .J- 5S- (J<- *J?- 0- /- .J- 5S?- O$-
=3-2&.-&A%-:$R?-/.-;R.-0:A-$>J<-#-i3?-\R-2-.%-~A%-, [.-0-.%-<?-0:A-/%-.-:6$-0<-LJ.,

包虫囊病
包虫囊是一种非常有害的疾病。当人们被发育未成熟的绦虫（也叫包虫粒或肝虫）感染
时，人们就会生病。这种虫子寄生在狗和狐狸的体内。这些动物把绦虫传给牦牛、黄牛、绵羊、
山羊和人类。世界上很多地方都发现了这种绦虫。与被感染的动物接触是一项非常危险的举动。
如果你触摸了一只被感染的动物，那么你也会被传染。当你用不干净的手触摸自己的脸
和嘴时，那些卵就会趁机进入你的体内。那些卵长成幼虫后进入肠道，然后从肠道通过血管进
入肝脏。在肝脏里，幼虫的周围会形成包囊。包囊在一个很长的时期内一点一点地生长。这可
能要五到二十年的时间。包囊里有被感染的液体。当那些包囊变大时，就会阻塞血管，而且那
些被感染的液体会渗入肺、心脏、脑部和骨头里。

•225•
 9<-2!R.1, .LA/-;A$-$A-2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-%R-3R.-.%-3A%-:PJ=, 
.LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ., 
.LA/- ;A$- =- $?=- LJ.- ;A- $J 26 ;R.- =, ;A$- $9$?- =- $92- VA?- .%- $><- VA?- $*A?- ?- .LJ- ;R., <J:-3A$-/%-$A-
$8%- P=- .%- 0R-/A- 0<- VA?- GA- $92- VA?- .%-, $8%- P=-$*A?- 0- /A- 0<- VA?- GA- $><- VA?- ;A/- 8A%- , .0J- (- 0<-0/- LJ.-
{2?- ;A$- $9$?- :.A- *A.- 2!R=- 2- ;A/, $8%- P=- $?3- 0- .%- 28A- 2- /A- =$- VA?- ;A$- $9$?- GA-$92-VA?- .%- $><- VA?-
+J- ;A$- $9$?- :.A- *A.- .- v- 2!R=- H2- (J- 2- 3- 9., :VA- ,2?- $?=- 8A%- $R- <A3- ;%- w/- 0- ;A/, $R%- $A- ;A$- $9$?- $*A?-
=?- .- .%- :VA- ,2?- $8/- ;%- ;R.- =, .J- .$- G%- %J?- $+/- IA- ;A$- $9$?- 3- KA- .%- 2!/-.$R?, .LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-
$J- aR2- {2?- $>3-IA- 5.- $8A-$?3-=-,R/- 0- LJ.- .$R?, .%-0R-/A-%R?- :6B/- ,2-0, $*A?-0-/A-$?=-2R<- [R$-,2- 0, $?3-
0- /A- 5.- .%- 3,/- 0<- :VA- ,2- 0:R, , .J- ;%- %R?- 9A/- 5K- [R$- :.R/- LJ.- ,2- =, $?=- 2R<- [R$- ,2- 5K- $?=- LJ.- ;A- $J- .R<-
[R$-.%-.<-:VA-LJ.-0<-PR$?-LJ.-,2-2R, 5.-$8A-.%-3,/-0<-:VA-,2-0-/A-lR3-;A$-:VA-2:A-k%-$8A-;A/,   
$?=- LJ.- ;A- $J- =?- $?=- LJ.- ;A- $J- .%- 0R a .%- , s- 2 e .$- 2 i 2&R- s- 2 o *J<- $&A$- 0 u 2&?-
=- .L%?- ;A$(vowel)9J<- 8A%- , :UR- 3- i3?- =- 3A%- $8A:A- ;A- $J(consonant)9J<, 3A%- $8A:A- ;A- $Jy/A-
{2?-:$<-.L%?-;A$-+-%R?-29%-/?-2!R=-,R.-LJ.-0:%-;R., 
.L%?- ;A$- /A- ,-~.- GA- P2- LJ.- $4S- 2R- ;A/, :2R.- 1- .%- 2lJ- ?J3?- !R/- 0:A- 5B$- *%->?- >A$- =?- .LA/- ;A$-
$A-,-~.-$8/-i3?-?-*%-3,<-;%-.L%?-;A$-$&A$-:.-2-;A/, 

aR2-5/-.%-0R, 
;A$-$?<, 
(J.-2!R=-3A%-5B$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-.J-$92-VA?-;A/-.$R?, .J-;%-(J.-2!R=-3A%-5B$-/A-$4S-2R<-?-3A%-.%-
3A:A-3A%-, =?-#%?, l-:6$?-?R$?-GA-3A%-;A/, .0J<-/-,-~.-=? English /A-(J.-2!R=-3A%-5B$-;A/-=, .J:A-$?=-
LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3 E /A-/3-;%-$92-VA?-L?-;R., z$-0<-.I/A-%-8J?-0:A-.R/-=-.R<-{2?-(J.-2!R=-3A%-5B$-;A/-
0?, .J-;%-$92-VA?-LJ.-.$R?, 
aR2-5/,
1. aR2-5/-?R$?-GA-#-;A$-.%-:$R-2eR.-o/-0<-$92-VA?-;A/-.$R?, .0J<-/, Text, Conversation v-2,   

•226•
 2. {.-(-5B$-<J:A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-.J-$92-VA?-;A/-.$R?-=, 5B$-<J:A-3)$-+-mR$?-g$?(period)

“.”:)R$-.$R?, .LA/-;A$-$A-mR$?-g$?-/A-5K$-,A$-2<-!R%-3J.-0-8A$-;A/-0?-o-;A$-$A-mR$?-g$?-.%-3A-

3,/, .LA/-;A$-$A-5B$-353?-$&R.-LJ.-GA-g$?-/A-1=-(J<-o-;A$-$A-353?-$&R.-g$?-.%-:S-2-;A/, 
3..LA/-;A$-$A-=?-5B$-/A-o/-0<-2eR.-L-$%-9$(52-5B$-) $A-:I<-.%-2!/-/?-:I<-2-;A/, .J-;%-;A/-.%-<J.-&J?-
0:A-.R/-!R/-0:A-=?-5B$-:$:-!J, aR2-5/-:.A-<-L%-2:A am.are.is ?R$?-=-=?-5B$ be 9J<, =?-5B$
be ;A-:I<-!%?-/A-$>3-v<, 

I am a student. (%-<%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,)

You are a student. (HJ.-<%-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,)

He is a student. (#R-<%-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,)

$R%-v<-2eR.-L:A-$%-9$ I, You, He ?R-?R:C-eJ?-?-<A3-28A/-.-=?-5B$ am.are.is 2!R=-.$R?-0-;A.-=-%J?-0<-

L-.$R?, 
{.-(,   
KA-o=-IA-=$?-?-}-.$R%-.?-5S.-?R-?R:C-3A%-5?-+J-:53?-:SA-LJ.-YR=-;R.-0-v<, }-SR:A-3A%-5?-!J-:53?-:SA-LJ.-=$?-
/A Good morning. Zhaxi. (}-SR<-29%-, 2N->A?,) v<-;A/, 

aR2-5/-$*A?-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. :.A:A-/%-$Afather, mother?R$?-=?, th 35S/-LJ.-GA-o=-,AA:A-1-g$?-/A/D/;A/, 1-:.A-*A.-:LA/-!%?-/A, tJ-lJ-?R-2<-.-

2YA%?-+J-tJ-KA<-=-2{3-{2?-$42-2h<-L%-2-=?-1-.J-,R/-,2, 
2. too /A-#.-0:A-1-G%-;%-:%-$?3-.%-3,/-0<-5B$-$A-$R%-:R$-#.-0:A-.R/-=-:)$-0-;A/, {2?-:$< too /A-3A-9.-0:A-

5B$-@-&%-.%->A/-+-8J?-0:A-.R/-+J, too.%-large /A->A/-+-(J-2:A-.R/-;A/, 
3. doctor /A-(/-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, .R/-$8/->J?-;R/-&/-IA-,R2-,%-8A$-!J-<2-:L3?-0-=-9J<-+J-2#?-/ Dr. 8J?-VA?-(R$ 

•227•
aR2-5/,
1. .LA/-;A$-/%-., 1-$.%?-/A-.L%?-;A$-$&A$-.%-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$-$3-.-3-3*3-.-:.?-0-=?-L%-2-;A/, .0J<-

/, it, two v-2, {2?-:$<-.L%?-;A$-(A$-n%-8A$-$A?-G%-1-$.%?->A$-P2-,2-0-.0J<-/ a v-2, 

2. .LA/-;A$-$A-,-~.-=-1-$.%?-&A-43-:.?-0:A-#-P%?-$8A<-29%-/?-1-$.%?-$&A$-&/-.%-$*A?-&/, 1-$.%?-

3%-0R-&/-2&?-<A$?-$?3-.-.$<-(R$ .J-.$-?R-?R<-.0J-<J-2!R.-/, my, farmer, engineer v-2:R,

3. 1-$.%?-$*A?-&/-.%-1-$.%?-3%-0R-&/-IA-,-~.-/%-., 1-$.%?-$&A$-/A-tA-8A%-$?=-2R<-[R$-.$R?, 1-

$.%?-.J-=-$?=-[R$-1-$.%?-9J<, 8/-0<-[R$-0:A-1-$.%?-$8/-i3?-=-8/-[R$-1-$.%?-9J<, .0J<-/, 
  worker, mother /%-$A-1-$.%?-.%-0R-$?=-8A%-S$-0R<-[R$-.$R?, technician ;A-1-$.%?-$*A?-0-.%-, 
  engineer ;A-1-$.%?-$?3-0-$?=-2R<-[R$-.$R?, 
{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
1. .LA/-;A$-/%-. yes .%-;%-/ no 2!R=-/?-=/-:.J2?-.$R?-0:A-$/.-.R/-3%-(J-2-=-,A<-2+%-$A-:SA-5B$-9J<-

8A%-, .0J<-/, Are you a student? (HR.-<%-aR2-3-;A/-/3,) Is your brother a worker? (HR.-GA-$&J/-0R 

($&%-2R)29R-2-;A/-/3,)v-2, ,A<-2+%-$A-:SA-5B$-[R$-{2?-1-8/-0-/?-S$-0<-[R$-.$R?, :SA-5B$-3-;A/-0:A-

5B$-$8/-i3?-1-S$-0-/?-8/-0<-[R$-.$R?, 
2.:SA-5B$-$A-/%-.-=?-5B$ be +J are, is, am ?R$?-$%-9$-!R/-LJ.-GA-,-~.-.J:A-}R/-.-;R.-=, $8/-i3?-?-.J-=?-

wR$-0:R,,

aR2-5/-$?3-0, 
;A$-$?<,   
1. of /A-3A%-}-KA-.%-5B$-}-KA-353?-.R<-LJ.-.J, :VJ=-1:A-U.-$A-IA-GA-:A-;A-s-2R-.%-.R/-:S, .0J<-/, the father of the

boy. ;A-.R/-/A-2-U$-:.A:A-A-1-8J?-0-;A/-=, .LA/-;A$-+ of 2!R=-{2?-:VJ=-(R?-}R/-.-2!R=-8A%-:VJ=-$8A-

eJ?-?-:)R$-0-;A/,
2. old /A-fA%-2-=:%-:)$-!J, .0J<-/, old hat /A-E-fA%-2:A-.R/, 

3. middle =-:VA%-$A-.R/-G%-;R., .0J<-/, middle school /A-aR2-:VA%-$A-.R/-;A/, 

•228•
aR2-5/, 
1. a .% an ;A-.R/-/A-#-P%?-$&A$-#R-/-;R.-0-.J-!R/-LJ.-GA-U.-n%-&A$-8A$->A$-.%-:S-2-;A/, .J-.$-$A-2!R=-!%?-

/A, .J:A-eJ?-?-:V%-2:A-;A-$J:A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-/A-.L%?-;A$-!J, a.e.i.o.u =?-$%-<%-;A/-{2? an 2!R=-.$R?-

=, .J<-:UR?-$8/-3%->R?-= a 2!R=-.$R?, 
2. the ;A?-3A:3-.%R?-0R-8A$-%R?-29%-LJ.-0-;A/, .0J<-/, the old man (3A-c/-0-:.A,), the girl (2-3R-:.A,)v-2, 

this .% that ;A-2!R=-!%?-/A-:.A-.%-.J-;A-2!R=-!%?-.%-(-:S-2-;A/, .J-;%-.?-5S.-.3-2<-,$-&%-*J-2:A-

3A:3-.%R?-0R-(A$-P%?->A$-!R/-0-= this 2!R=-8A%-, .J-=?-wR$-0-= that 2!R=-2-;A/,   

{.-(-,   
  3A%-5B$-3%-(J-2:A-eJ?-? s .<-/-#-P%?-$*A?-?3-$*A?-GA-;/-;R.-0-!R/-LJ.-GA-3%-5B$-+-:I<-+J, .0J<-/,     
  boys, students, comrades v-2, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,
1. “who is …” /A-3A-?-8A$-;A/-0-:SA-LJ.-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, who is he? (#R-?-<J.,) v-2, “what is …” 2!R=-/?-

3A-8A$-$A-=?-!-?R$?-:SA-2-!J-&A-8A$-<J.(;A/) &J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, .0J<-/, what is his name? (#R:C-3A%-=-&A-9J<,) 

v-2:R,, who .% what ?R$?-:SA-2:A-5B$-$A?-3$R-S%?-0:A-:SA-5B$-=-.3A$?-2?=-IA-:SA-5B$-9J<-8A%-, .J-.$-[R$-
{2?-1-$.%?-S$-0R-/?-8/-0<-:I<-.$R?, 
2. is.are.am 2&?-2!R=-/?-SA-5B$-29R-{2?-.J-.$-5B$-$A-}R/-=-.R<-2-;A/, .0J<-/, Is she a doctor? (3R-<%-(/-0-

<J.-.3,) Are you a Tibetan? (HJ.-<%-2R.-0-;A/-/3,) Am I a student? (%-<%-aR2-3-<J.-.3,) v-2, 

=/-:.J2?-0:3-:SA-5B$-3A/-0:A-5B$-$8/-.-.J-.$-2eR.-L-.J:A-$8$-+-2!R.-0-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, She is a doctor.
(3R-<%-(/-0-<J.,) You are Tibetan. (HJ.-/A-2R.-0-<J.,) I am a student. (%-<%-aR2-3-;A/,)v-2, 

3. .LA/-;A$-+-5B$-#.-GA-:VA-YR=-:$:-;R.-.J, I’m = I am. He’s = He is. She’s = She is. Isn’t = is not. :.A-.$-

=?-2#?-g$?“ ‘ ”=apostrophe 9J<-8A%-, 2#?-5B$ I’m .J-5K$-2h<-LJ.-{2? I-apostrophe-m 8J?-

[R$-.$R?,

•229•
 aR2-5/-28A-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. from /A-:L%-#%?-GA-.R/-!R/-LJ.-/?-=?-$*A?-.%-:S-!J, .0J<-/, I am from Lhasa. /A-%-<%-z-?-/?-;R%-8J?-

0:A-.R/-/R,,
2. in /A-$/?-$8A-!R/-LJ.-.J, He is in Kham. /A-#R-<%-#3?-/-;R.-&J?-0:A-.R/,

3. child /A-$&A$-5B$-.% children /A-3%-5B$-;A/-+J, a child, two children v-2:R,,

aR2-5/, 
Nancy’s family 8J?-0:A“s”1-.<-/-.J-.%-:VJ=-2:A-(R?-!R/-LJ.-GA-:VJ=-1-<-:I<-+J, .0J<-/, Mary’s husband,

(3-<J-;A-*J?-0,) My sister’s children (%:A-YA%-3R:C-U-$)v-2:R,, .J-;%-#-P%?-$*A?-?3-$*A?-;/-(.-!R/-0:A-3A%-

5B$-$A-3,:-< s ;R.-/, 2#?-g$?(apostrophe) “,” #R-/-.<-2?-(R$-!J, My sisters’ children. (%:A-YA%-3R-5S:C-U-

$) v-2:R,,

{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
1. Where /A-2R.-;A$-/%-$A-$/?-:SA-2:A-$%-1-.%-1=-(J<-35%?-+J, .0J<-/, Where is her home? (3R:C-;=-$%-

/-;R.,) Where are you from? (HJ.-<%-$%-/?-;R%-2-;A/,)v-2:R,,

2. $%-9$-!R/-LJ.-GA-1-=-$%-9$-$A-52-5B$-9J<-=, .J-.$-/A,

I   you  he  she  it (.J) ($&A$-5B$)

We  you  they (3%-5B$)

3. $%-9$-8A$-.%-:VJ=-2:A-(R?-!R/-LJ.-GA-1-=-:VJ=-$8A:A-52-5B$-9J<, 

my   your   his   her   its (.J-;A)

our   your   their
$R%-$A-$%-9$-.%-:VJ=-$8A:A-52-5B$-.$-%J?-0<-.-;A.-=-:6B/-.$R?,

•230•
 aR2-5/-s-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
watch =-2v?-0:A-.R/-;%-;R.-.J, .0J<-/, watch television /A-2f/-:UA/-=-v-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/,

aR2-5/,
1. look at /A(=)2v?-0:A-.R/,

2. them .%they ;A-.R/-:S-;%-, them /A-3%-(J-2<-5B$-$A-3,:-<-:)R$-0-;A/,

3. do /A-=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-;A/, .0J<-/, I do, you do, we do, they do ?R-?R:C-.R/-/A-%?, HJ.-GA?, %-5S?, #R-

5S?-;A/-=, .J-*A.-$%-9$-$?3-0-!J-#R-.%-3R-.J-2&?-=-2!R=-{2? does v<-:VA-.$R?, .0J<-/, he does,

she does, it does ;A-.R/-/A-#R?, 3R?, .J-;A?-8J?-0:R,, L-2-8A$-L?-3A/-/3-P2-3A/-{R<-IA-SA-5B$-29R-{2? do

?R$?-2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/-aR2-5/-/%-$A What do you see in the picture? v-2, :.A:A-/%-$A do ;A? see   

=-<3-:.J$?-GA-/?-0-,R/-;R., 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
it’s = it is

$><-.%-,
:SA-$8A-S$-0:A-=/-/A, (#-{R%-:.A-=-$4S-2R<-:VJ=-$8A:A-52-5B$-$3-$%-9$-$A-52-5B$-:VA-.$R?, SA?-=/-$&A$-+-3-
%J?-0?-5B$-(-5%-;A/-/-(R$)
1) my/her (my/my ;%-(R$)

2) my/his (his/his ;%-(R$)

3) you/your
4) they/their
5) my (his, her/their/our) / they
6) your/its
7) your/they/my(their/they/their)

•231•
 aR2-5/-S$-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. French, German, Chinese, Japanese 2&?-/A-(J.-.-2+$?-0:A-3A%-5B$-;A/-8A%-, .J-.$-$A-.R/-/A-n-</-?A:A-

{.-.%-, :)<-3/-IA-{.,(:)<-3/-0,) o-{.,(N%-$R:C-3A,) :)<-0/-IA-{.,(:)<-0/-0,);A/-
8A%-, .-.%-.J-.%-:VJ=-2:A-(R?-!R/-LJ.-.-:)$-0:%-;R.-=, {2?-:.A<-;%-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-$92-
VA?-;A/-.$R?, 
2. Chinese 8J?-0-3A%-5B$-v<-2!R=-{2?, $&A$-5B$-.%-3%-5B$-$A-i3-0-:S-!J, a Chinese, two Chinese v-2, 

3. People /A-3A-$*A?-?3-$*A?-GA-;/-!R/-{2?-2!R=-2-;A/, 

aR2-5/, 
1. two of them 8J?-0:A-.R/-/A-#R-5S:C-/%-$A (3A) $*A?-8J?-0-;A/-=, :.A-:S:A-5B$-,%-@-&%-2!R=-H2-(J-!J, .0J<-/,

three of us, (%-5S-=?-3A-$?3,) some of you, (HJ.-5S-=?-:$:-8A$) many of them, (#R-5S-=?-3%-0R-8A$) one

of the girls, (2-3R-5S-=?-3A-$&A$) v-2,

2. $R%-=? me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2&?-/A-5B$-$A-eJ?-?-.R<-2-;A/-=, .J-=?-5B$-$A-}R/-.-.R<-{2?-

3A-:I<-2-/A you, it ;A/, 

3. aR2-,/-:.A:A-aR2-5/-.%-$><-.%-/%-., 2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-.?-GA-/%-$?J?->A$-%R-3R.-L?-;R.-0?, .J-*A.-<$?-

43-:PJ=-(J., ,R$-3<-.LA/-;A$-$A-=?-5B$-$A-i3-0-.$->J?-.$R?, .J-;%-.LA/-;A$-$A-=?-5B$-3%-(J-2<-i3-0-28A-
<J-;R.-&A%-, .J-.$-/A-=?-5B$-n%-2(the base form of the verb) .%-, :.?-5B$(the past tense form) :.?-0:A-
3A%-n%(the past participle) .-v-2:A-3A%-n%(the present participle)2&?-?R,, .LA/-;A$-$A-=?-5B$-$A-.?-
GA-.LJ-2-=-,A<-/%-$?J?-28A-<-.LJ-;R.-.J, ,A<-2+%-2-.%-,(the simple form) LJ.-28A/-0,(the continuous
form) L?-9A/-0,(the perfect form) :.?-0:A-.?-GA-mR$?-0,(the perfect continuous form)2&?-;A/, .J-<J-

<J-=:%-.?-.-v-2(the present tense).%-, :.?-0,(the past tense) 3-:R%?-0,(the future tense) :.?-

0:A-.?-GA-3-:R%?-0(the past future tense)2&?-28A-28A-<-.LJ-2?-.?-=-/%-$?J?-GA-.LJ-2-2&-S$-;R., aR2-
5/-:.A-<-.J-.$-=?-,R.-o-(J-2:A-/%-$?J?-GA-LJ-V$-.$-;R.-0-=?-,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2-%R-3R.-L?-;R., 

•232•
 ,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2(the simple present form);A?-o/-.-:L%-2:A-L-,R.-!R/-0-;A/, .J-;%-353?-3-(.-
0<-:L%-28A/-0:A-L-2-8A$-;A/-5K, ,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2<-%R?-:6B/-0-;A/-=, :.A-;A-=?-5B$-/A-$4S-2R<-=?-5B$-
$A-i3-0-28A-2R-=?-=?-5B$-n%-2-2!R=-/?-35S/-.$R?, $=-+J-2eR.-L-/A-$%-9$-$?3-0-!J-#R-.%-3R-?R$?-5B$-
n%-;A/-/, ,A<-2+%-.-=?-5B$-n%-2:A-3,:-< s .% es .<-/?-,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2:A-=?-5B$-LJ.-
0-;A/, .J:A-.R<-=$?-/A-<J:-3A$-+-$?=-=, $><-.%-$A-:SA-$8A-2./-0:A (B) ;A-/%-.-2eR.-L-$%-9$-?R-?R:C     
  -eJ?-GA-,A<-2+%-$A-=?-5B$-$A-:I<-wR$-2!/-;R., =?-5B$ be =-i3-0-H.-0<-&/-;R.-0-.J-:SA-$8A-2./-
0:A(A);A-/%-.-2!/-;R., 
$/?-5=, .R<-,2?, .0J<-2eR.,
,A<-2+%-$A-$/?-5=, ,.-!<- s works, learns, comes, eats,
plays, says
3,:-3)$-/As.%x, sh, ch, o;A/-5K, ,.-!<-es passes, discusses, washes,
pushes, teaches, watches,
boxes, fixes, goes
3,:-3)$-/A-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$Jy;A/-5K, y.Ji<-2&R?-/?- carry-carries, cry-cries,
fly-flies, hurry-hurries,
es.R<-.$R?, study-studies, try-tries

.0J<-/-aR2-5/-/%-$A they study, she studies /A-,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-;A/-+J, #R-5S-.%-3R?-aR2-0-/A-.?-{.-

&A$-3-8A$-3-;A/-0<-/-/A%-aR2-.R%-L?-=-.-=R-;%-o/-:HR%?-L?-0<-3-9.-KA-=R-;%-.R%-o-;A/-0?-o/-.-:L%-2:A-
KA<-<R,, 
4. =?-5B$ be (am, is, are ?R$?)2!R=-/?-,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2:A-SA-2-:SJ/-5=-.%-=/-:.J2?-5=-/A, 

Am I not? (Aren’t I?) Yes, you are. (You aren’t.)

Are you not? (Aren’t you?)
Is he not? (Isn’t he?)
Are we not? (Aren’t we?)
Are you not? (Aren’t you?)
Are they not? (Aren’t they?)
Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
Yes, you are. (No, you aren’t.)
Yes, we are. (No, we aren’t.)
Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.)

{.-(, 
How do you do /A-1/-5/-,J%?-.%-0R<-%R-,$-{2?-o/-.-2>.-0:A-5B$-&A$-;A/, .J:A-.R/-/A-HJ.-<%-2.J-3R-8J?-

0-;A/, :.A-/A-SA-5B$-$A-i3-0-;A/-;%-=/-=-5B$-.J-;%-2*<-^R?-(R$
•233•
{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
1. the Smiths /A Smith 5%-$A-29:-3A-i3?-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .J-28A/-. Johnsons ?R$?-=:%-<A$?-21J?-(R$

2. school-boy, picture-book ?R$?-/A-3A%-5B$-z/-:.?-GA-,-~.-;A/, .J:A-/%-.-3A%-5B$-.$-g$?“__” ;A?-4J=-;R., 

$><-.%-,
1. Whose /A who .%-:VJ=-2-;R.-0:A-,-~.-&A$-!J-?-;A-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

2. :SA-$8A-S$-0:A-=/,

1) you 2) him 3) it 4) me 5) them 6) you, you 7) us (them) 8) her

aR2-5/-2./-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. major ;A-eJ?-?-o/-0<-.R<-5B$-;R.-KA<, .J-$*A?-!-,-~.-$&A$-+-2v?-/?-]R<-29%-2<-L, :.A-.%-<A$?-:S-2-

3%-.-;R.-0-.0J<-/, look at, be interested in, come from v-2,

2. with /A-.J:A-eJ?-GA-,-~.-.%-,-~.-$8/-0:A-2<-IA-:VJ=-2-!R/-0:A-.R<-5B$(prepositions 2#?-+J prep) &A$-;A/-

=, .J-/A-3*3-.-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, I live with my mother. (%-<%-A-3-.%-3*3-.-2#.-;R.,) Come

with us, please. (%-5S:A-P?-?-;R%-2<-8,) v-2, with =-.-<%-2!R=-2:A-.R/-;%-;R., 

3. get along /A-5B$-n%-8A$-;A/, .J-/A-=?-5B$-&A$-.%-:S-=-=?-5B$ + L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-v<-P2-

0-;A/, :.A-:S:A-5B$-3%-.-;R.-.J, get up (3=-=?-28J%?,) sit down (!/-=-28$?,) v-2, 

4. each other /A-o/-0<-3*3-.-2!R=-2:A-52-5B$(pronouns 2#?-+Jpron) &A$-;A/-=-1/-5/-IA-:VJ=-2-!R/-

+J, .0J<-/,  They love each other. (#R-5S-1/-5/-=-.$:,) They don’t like each other. (#R-5S-1/-5/-=-

3A-.$:,)v-2,
5. because /A- o- 35/- 2eR.- {2?- 5B$- :$R- lR3- LJ.- ;A/- =, .J:A- .R/- /A- o- 35/- IA?- ?3- .J- ;% …;A/- 0?-8J?- 0:R,, 

because .% or ?R$?- /A- ,- ~.- .%- ,- ~., ;%- /- 5B$- .%- 5B$- 4J=- LJ.- GA-4J=- 5B$ (conjunctions 2#?- +J conj);A/, 

oh /A-(R/-?J3?-.%-;-35<-2, .$:-2, *R-$%-?R$?-35S/-LJ.-GA-:2R.-1(interjections 2#?-+Jinterj) 8A$-;A/, 

•234•
aR2-5/, 
1. ,A<-2+%-$A-.?-.-v-2?-$4S-2R<-o/-w/-<%-28A/-IA-L-,R.-!R/-=, $>A?-,R.-.%-{2?-.J:A-i3-0:%-!R/-0-;A/, aR2-

5/-:.A-<-KR$?-:.A-3%R/-0<-L?-;R., .0J<-/, He comes from Boston. (#R-<%-0-?A-,/-/?-;R%-,)=-35S/-/, 

2eR.-L-#R-8J?-0-.J:A-H.-g$?->A$-2!/-;R.-0-=?-o/-.-:L%-2:A-L-,R.-&A$-2!/-3J., :.A-.%-<A$?-:S-2-
3%-.-;R.-0-.0J<-/, He lives in Room 309. (#R-<%-#%-0309<-2#.-;R.,) They come from Lhasa. (#R-5S-
z-?-/?-;R%-,)
2. .LA/-;A$-$A-5B$-<J-=-,A<-2+%-.-$4S-5B$(subject)!J, 5B$-.J:A-/%-3A:3-.%R?-0R-$%-8A$-$4S-2R<-2eR.-0:A-.R/-!R/-

LJ.-&A$-!J-L-LJ.-=?-$?3-=?-LJ.-0-0R-.%-(-:S-2-;A/, .0J<-/, aR2-5/-/%-$A John Turner, he, they 2&?-/A-

$4S-5B$-;A/, $4S-5B$-$A-eJ?-?-,A<-2+%-.-=?-5B$-&A$-:V%-;R.-0?, .J-=-eR.-5B$(predicate)9J<, eR.-5B$-$A?-
$4S-2R<-2eR.-L-$%-.J:A-L-,R.-.3-i3-0, ;%-/-H.-g$?-!R/-0-;A/, :.A-/A-L-LJ.-=?-$?3-=?-L-2-.%-(-:S-2-;A/, 
aR2-5/-/%-$Acomes, studies, majors, lives get along, are Americans 2&?-/A-eR.-5B$-;A/, {2?-:$<-=?-
5B$-$A-eJ?-?-3A%-5B$ (;%-/-52-5B$-?R$?) &A$-:V%?-+J-L-,R.-.J-,J2?-;=-!R/-0-;A/-0?, .J-=-;=-5B$(object)
9J<, :.A-/A-L-2:A-;=-.%-KR$?-:S-2-;A/, .0J<-/, I study English. =-35S/-/, I /A-$4S-5B$-.%-, study /A-eR.-
5B$ English /Astudy ;A-;=-5B$-;A/, 

{.-(, 
Excuse me /A-.$R%?-0-3-5S3-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-+J, :.A-*A.-3A-$8/-=-.R/-.$-&A$-:SA-2:3-$8/-=-,.-!<-.->$?-

nJ/-%/-0-29R?-0, ;%-/-$8/-IA-L-2<-2<-(.-2+%-2-?R$?-GA-{2?-?-5B$-:.A-2!R=-/?-.$R%?-:$=-3J.-0<
-8-2-;A/, 
$><-.%-, 
#$-$*A? or 2!R=-/?-4J=-;R.-0:A-:SA-5B$-=-2g$-L-3-%J?-0:A-SA-5B$(form alternative questions)9J<, :SA-
5B$-:.A-<A$?-/A-%-5S?-o/-0<-2!R=-2:A“.!<-0R-<J.-.3-/$-0R-<J.,”v-2:A-:SA-5B$-.%-3,/-0-;A/, $><-.%-
$A-:SA-$8A-S$-0-<-2!R.-0:A-:SA-5B$-/A-<A$?-:.A-=-$+R$?-0-;A/, 

•235•
 aR2-5/-2o.-0,
;A$-$?<, 
1. quarter /A-{<-3-2&R-s:A-.?-;/-+J, .?-5S.-S$-.%-{<-3-2&R-s-= a quarter past six 8J?-0-.%-, a quarter to

six {<-3-2&R-s:A-.?-5S.-S$-=-,R/-8J?-0:A-.R/-+J, .?-5S.-s-.%-{<-3-8J-s-;A/, quarter =-28A-(:A-$&A$-$A-.R/-

G%-;R., 
2. then =-{2?-.J<-8J?-0:A-.R/-.%-:R-/-8J?-0:A-.R/-;%-;R., .0J<-/, I was in Lhasa then. ({2?-.J<-%-z-?-

/-;R.,) Then let’s begin. (:R-/-:$R-lR3,)

3. time 8J?-0-,J%?-P%?-=:%-:)$-!J, one time, two times /A-,J%?-$&A$-.%-,J%?-$*A?-GA-.R/-;A/, 

4. may .%can $*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?-1=-(J<-:S-8A%-, $*A?-!<-(R$-0:A-.R/-;R.-=, can /Amay =?-2!R=-H2-

(J, .J-.$-o/-0<-=?-5B$-&A$-.%-3*3-.-2!R=-2-;A/, .0J<-/, may ;A-2!R=-!%?-/A, You may go. May I

come in?/Yes, you may. No, you may not. (HJ.-<%-?R%-(R$ %-/%-=-;R%-(R$-$3, ;R%-(R$ ;R%-3A-(R$)

aR2-5/,   
1. at ;A?-.?-5S.-&A$-$A-!J%-8J?-0:A-!J%-$A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, at five, at seven, at ;A?-.-.%-$/?-$8A-;%-!R/-+J, at

home v-2, 

2. aR2-5/-/%-$Afor .% to, past, .-.%-;A$-$?<-/%-$Aover 2&?-/A-.R<-5B$-;A/, .-v:A-2<-.-%-5S?-2a2?-9A/-

0:A-.R<-5B$-/A at, from, with, to, for, over, past, then 2&?-2o.-;A/-=, 5B$-3%-0R:C-/%-.-.J-.$-2!R=-;R.-

=-2!R=-!%?-G%-o-(J-2?, ;A.-:)R$-L-.$R?, 
3. .LA/-;A$-/%-.-.$<-5B$(article2#?-+Jart)G%-$4S-2R-8A$-;A/-=, 3A%-5B$-3%->R?-GA-}R/-=-.$<-

5B$-.R<-.$R?, .J-;%-.$<-5B$-/A-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-.-:)$-&A%-, 3A%-5B$-.J?-!R/-0:A-3A:3-.%R?-0R-.J-$&A$-#R-/:3-{R<-
8A$-;A/-0-.J-!R/-LJ.-;A/, .0J<-/, Do you have a radio? (HJ.-=-1-#.-:#R<-=R-;R.-.3,) Do you like the
book? (HJ.-<%-.0J-(-.J<-.$:-:3,) She is an American. (3R-/A-A-3J-<A-!-2-8A$-<J.,) 2&?-=? a .% an,

the /A-.$<-5B$-;A/, :R/-G%-$/?-5=-#->?-:R$-+-.$<-5B$-3A-2!R=-+J, go to school (aR2-9<-:PR), come

•236•
 home for lunch (;=-=-SR?-)-:,%-2<-;R%-,) ?R$?-=? school .% lunch ;A-}R/-=-.$<-5B$-3A-.R<-2-v-2, 

{2?-:.A<-5%-3?-aR2-.J2-/%-$A-.$<-5B$-2!R=-;R.-3J.-GA-5B$-i3?-<J-<J-28A/-;A.-=-%J?-0<-L-.$R?, 
4. }-SR-.%-KA-SR, .$R%-3R:C-.?-5S.-/A-?R-?R<in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening 2&?-GA-35S/-0-;A/, 

{.-(,   
1. May I help you? /A-o/-.-2!R=-2:A-$?-5B$-&A$-!J-%?-HJ.-=-<R$?-<3-LJ.-,2-23, ;%-/-HJ.-=-.R/-.$-&A-;R.-

&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, $=-+J-5S%-2?-:.A-v<-:SA-{2?-.J-/A-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-*R-o-;A/-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 
2. You’re welcome. /A-$?-5B$-&A$-!J-$8/-IA?-<%-= Thank you.?R$?-GA-5B$-$A?-2!:-SA/-8-{2?-.J:A-=/-=-

2!R=-2-;A/, 
3. L-2-L?-3A/-,.-GA-:SA-5B$-:SA-2:3-=/-:.J2?-{2?, $%-9$-$*A?-0:A you = do :)$-.$R?->A%-, $%-9$-$?3-

0 he, she, =does :)$-.$R?, 

4. aren’t = are not doesn’t = does not

$><-.%-,   
1. help … in … ;A?-KR$?-$%-8A$-=-<R$?-<3-,R2-0-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, help us in our work (%-5S:C-=?-!:A-

KR$?-=-<R$?-<3-LR?,)
2. Happy birthday to you. :.A-/A-*J?-{<-=-gJ/-:VJ=-8-2:A-5B$-;A/, 

aR2-5/-.$-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. on /A-.R<-5B$-;A/-=-!J%-/-8J?-0:A-.R/, .0J<-/, on desk, (&R$-4K:A-!J%-/,) on wall (I%-%R?-/,) .J-28A/-. but /A-

4J=-5B$-.%-, will /A-=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?->A$-;A/,
2. come in =? in /A-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$(adverb 2#?-+J ad ;%-/ adv);A/, .J-;%-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-/A-

=?-5B$-$3-o/-5B$(adjective 2#?-+J adj .J-/A-3A:3-.%R?-0R:C-H.-g$?-35S/-LJ.,);%-/-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-

$8/-8A$ ;%-/-5B$-ZA=-2R-8A$-$?=-:.R/-L?-+J, .?-5S.-.3-?-$/?, 5.-?R$?-!R/-LJ.-&A$-;A/, .R<-5B$-3%-0R-
8A$-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-+-:I<-YA.-.J, .0J<-/,
•237•
 He’s in (.R<-5B$) the room. (#R-<%-HA3-/-;R.,)

He isn’t in (L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$) (#R-<%-/%-/-3J.,)

Put it on (.R<-5B$) the desk. (.J-&R$-4K:A-,R$-8R$?,) Put it on.(L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$) (.J-,R$-=-8R$?,)

3. Please /A-8-2-LJ.-0:A-$?-5B$-&A$-;A/-=, .0J<-/, Help me, please. (%-=-<R$?-<3-$/%-2<-8,)

please=-.-.%-.$:-2:A-.R/-;%-;R.,

aR2-5/, 
1. there is .% there are ?R$?-= “there + be P2-!%?,”9J<, .J-/A-?-((.?-5S.,)$-$J-3R-<-.%R?-0R(3A)$-$J-3R-;R.-

0-!R/-LJ.-;A/-=, $*A?-!:%-eR.-5B$-;A/, LJ.-0R-/A-.J:A-eJ?-?-;R., .J-;%-LJ.-0R-/A-$&A$-5B$-;A/-{2? there
is :)$-.$R?-+J, There is a clock on the wall. (I%-%R?-/-.?-5S.-:#R<-=R-8A$-;R.,) v-2, LJ.-0R-/A-3A%-5B$-;A/-

{2? there are :)$-.$R?-0-.0J<-/, There are two boys in the room. (#%-0-.J-<-2-U$-$*A?-;R.,) .J-;%-
LJ.-0R-/A-$*A?-?3-.-3-;R.-{2?, ,R$-3<-2eR.-0:A-LJ.-0R-$%-.J:A-#-P%?-=-vR?-/?-eR.-5B$-$%-<%-
8A$-:)$-o-,$-$&R.-.$R?, .0J<-/, There is a clock and two books on the desk. (&R$-4K:A-!J%-/-.?-
5S.-:#R<-=R-8A$-.%-.0J-(-$*A?-;R.,)
2. any .% some $*A?-!-/A-:$:-8A$-&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-3R., :)$-!%?-3A-:S-!J, 5B$-,$-2&.-;R.-0:A-5B$-!J-12-5B$-+

some :)$-.$R?->A%-, SA-5B$-.%-.$$-1-2!R=-2:A-5B$-+ any :)$-0-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, 

There are some pictures on the wall. (I%-%R?-/-<A-3R-:$:-;R.,)

Are there any pictures on the wall? (I%-%R?-/-<A-3R-:$:-;R.-.3,)

There aren’t any pictures on the wall? (I%-%R?-/-<A-3R-$&A$-G%-3J.,)

{.-(, 
1. This is Room 619, isn’t it? :.A-/A-:SA-5B$-$A-<A$?->A$-;A/, .J-;A-#$-}-3-/A-$/?-=$?-eR.-0:A-12-5B$-;A/-=, 

#$-KA-3-/A-!2?-2.J:A-SA-5B$-&A$-;A/, {.-(-2>.-3#/-IA?-.R/-.$-&A$-2eR.-.J-2>.-;=-*A.-GA-:,.-3A/-:SA-2:A-
5B$-:.A-<A$?-=-SA-2-3,:-29%-$A-5B$(tag-question)9J<, $R%-$A-.0J-2eR.-.J-<A$?-=?-$8/-;%-;R.-.J, #$-}-3-/A-
5B$-,$-2&.-;R.-0:A-12-5B$-;A/-/, #$-eJ?-3-=-.$$-1-2!R=-2:A-5B$-:)R$-.$R?, .0J<-/, You live here,
don’t you? (HJ.-<%-:.A-<-#R.-0-;A/-/3,)

•238•
 $=-+J-#$-}-3-/A-.$$-1<-:)$-0:A-5B$-;A/-/, #$-eJ?-3-=-5B$-,$-2&.-;R.-0:A-12-5B$-2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/,           
  You don’t have any classes, do you? (HJ.-=-aR2-OA.-3J.-0-;A/-/3,)SA-5B$-:.A-<A$?-GA-#$-$*A?-!:A-.?-
{2?-$&A$-3,/-;A/-.$R?, $><-.%-$A-:SA-$8A-s-2-=J$?-0<-.%?-/, SA-5B$-:.A-<A$?-;A.-=-%J?-,2, 
2. I’ll /A I will ;A-2#?-5B$-!J, %?-L-2-$-$J-3R-8A$-212-o-;A/-0-2!/-;R., :.A-/A-,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0-;A/-=-

aR2-5/-2&-2./-0-<-o?-0<-:PJ=-;R., that’s = that is

$><-.%-, 
1. There is one in it. (.J:A-/%-.-$&A$-;R.,) :.A:A-/%-$Aone /A-52-5B$-&A$-;A/-=, }R/-=-\J%-9A/-0:A-.%R?-0R-.J-!R/-

0-;A/, .0J<-/, Which pen do you want? I want the green one. (= pen) (HJ.-=-t$?-/$-$%-.$R?, %-=-
u%-#-.J-.$R?,)
2. :SA-$8A-S$-0:A-/%-$A 2 and 7 are 9 /A 2 + 7 = 9 ;A-.R/-;A/-=, 2 from 13 is 11 ;A?13-2=112!/-;R., 

3. :SA-$8A-2./-0-=?-%-5S?-.?-5S.-[R$-,2?->J?-/?, .J-.$-KR$?-2#?-L?-/-$>3-IA-$/.-:$:-=-:.-!J, 

(1) .?-5S.-ZA=-n%-=-P%?-5.-.3-$R-<A3-!R/-0:A-P%?-5B$(Numerals 2#?-/ num) .%o’clock 2!R=-/?-35S/-

0-;A/, .J-;%-P%?-! + ‘o’ clock 2!R=-/?-!R/-8A%o’clock .J-o/-0<-2#?-+J-3-VA?-G%-(R$
(2) {<-3-?3-&:A-/%-5/-IA-.?-5S.-/A“{<-3:A-P%?+ past + .?-5S.-P%?”;A?-35S/-0-;A/, 

(3) .?-5S.-$-$J-3R-.%-KJ.-!:3-{<-3-2&R-s-/A half past .% a quarter past…?R-?R:C-35S/-0-;A/, 

(4) {<-3-?3-&-=?-2c=-/…to…2!R=-/?-35S/-.$R?, .J-;% to ;A-}R/-=-3A-:.%-2:A-{<-3:A-P%?-.%-, to ;A-

eJ?-=-,R/-*J-2:A-.?-5S.-GA-P%?-:VA-2-;A/, .0J<-/, ten to six. ({<-3-2&:A-.?-5S.-S$-=-,R/-;R.,)

(5) :SA-$8A:A-/%-$A-$$-g$?-/%-VA?-;R.-0-.$-G%-.?-5S.-[R$-,2?->A$-;A/-0?, ,2?-:.A-$*A?-!->J?-0<-L, 

aR2-5/-2&-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. take a seat, a cup of /A-5B$-P2-$&A$-+-2v?-/?-;A.-=-:6B/-.$R?, z$-0< a cup of .%-P2-!%?-:S-2:A-5B$-

P2-3%-!J, a lot of (3%-0R-8A$), a number of (:$:-8A$), a box of (|3-8A$)

2. thanks /A-3A%-5B$-;A/-=-o/-0<-3%-5B$-+-2!R=-2-;A/, .0J<-/, Thanks a lot /A-,$?-eJ->A/-+-(J-8J?-0-;A/, 

•239•
3. about ;%-.R<-5B$-&A$-;A/-=, .J:A-.R/-/A“{R<-IA” “,.-GA”8J?-0-;A/, :R/-G%-$R%-v<-,.-2+<-LJ.-0-3A/-+J, .0J<-/, 

What is the book about? (.0J-(-:.A:A-2eR.-L-&A-<J.,) Do you know anything about him? (HR.-GA?-#R:C-

$/?-5=-:S->J?-?3,)

aR2-5/, 
1. family name /A-<?-3A%-=?-<?-GA-.R/,

2. the United States /A-A-3J-<A-!:A-3A%-$8/,   

{.-(, 
no 2!R=-/?-.$$-5B$-:P2-,2-!J, not any .%-.R/-:S-2-;A/, .0J<-/, We have no classes in the afternoon.

(KA-SR<-%-5S<-aR2-OA.-3J.,) We don’t have any classes in the afternoon. .%-.R/-:S-2-;A/, :SA-5B$-:.A-<A$?-

1/-5/-=-2eJ-<J?-LJ.->J?-.$R?, :SA-$8A-2./-0? no ;A-2!R=-!%?-:.A-=-.R%-2h<-LJ.-,2, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,       
.-v:A-2<-.-%-5S?-SA-5B$-<A$?-28A-.%?-;R.-=, .J-.$-$A-[R$-!%?-G%-3A-:S-!J, .0J<-/, 1-$.%?-<A3-IA?-S$-+-
$+R%-.$R?-0:A-<A$?, Are you a student? <A3-IA?-8/-0<-$+R%-.$R?-0-/A, What are you? ,R$-3<-S$-0R-.%-.J-
/?-8/-0<-$+R%-.$R?-0-/A, Are you a boy or a girl? ,R$-3<-8/-0-.%-.J-/?-S$-0R<-$+R%-.$R?-0-/A, You’re a
student, aren’t you? v-2-;A/, SA-5B$-.J-.$-/A-<A3-28A/-.-,A<-2+%-$A-SA-5B$-.%-, .3A$?-2?=-IA-SA-5B$ 2g$-L-3-

%J?-0:A-SA-5B$ SA-2-3,:-29%-$A-5B$-2&?-;A/, 

$><-.%-, 
:SA-$8A-S$-0:A-=/, 
buildings families watches men women
cities scientists children radios classes
days studies buses brushes matches

•240•
 aR2-5/-2&-$&A$-0, 
;A$-$?<,
1. watch =-=$-:.R$?-(-5S.-:#R<-=R:C-.R/-;%-;R., 

2. TV /Atelevision ;A-5B$-#.-;A/, .J-28A/-. U. S. A./Athe United States ;A-5B$-#.-.%-, U. N. .% U. K./A the

United Nations (3*3-:VJ=-o=-5S$?,), the United Kingdom (.LA/-)A,);A-5B$-#.-;A/, 

3. listen /A-o/-0< to .%-:VJ=-+J-;R.-0?, Listen to ;% look at .%-:S-2<-3A%-5B$-&A$-+-2v?-+J-;A.-=-

29%-2<-L, 
4. .LA/-;A$-$A-A%-P%?-/A-,A<-2+%-.-P%?-5B$-.J:A-3)$-+th .<-+J-P2-0-;A/, .0J<-/, four--fourth (28A-2,),

eleven--eleventh (2&-$&A$-0-v-2,) .-.%-.3A$?-2?=-IA-$/?-5=-;%-;R.-0-.0J<-/, first (.%-0R,), second

($*A?-0,), third ($?3-0,), fifth (s-2,), eighth (2o.-0,), ninth (.$-2,), twelfth (2&-$*A?-0,) v-2, 

$><-.%-/%-$A-.R/-5/-2./-0-.%?-+J-:.A-.$-]R<-:6B/-.$R?, 

aR2-5/, 
1. aR2-5/-:.A-<-2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-.?-GA-i3-28$-=?-/%-.R/-$4S-2R-8A$-!J-LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-%R-3R.-L?-;R., LJ.-28A/-

0:A-.-v-2(the present continuous tense)/A-eR.-0:A-$/?-{2?-.J<-L-2-8A$-LJ.-28A/-0-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, I

am working. (%?-=?-!-=?-28A/-;R.,) They are having a lesson. (#R-5S?-aR2-OA.-LJ.-28A/-;R.,) v-2-;A/, 

LJ.-28A/-.-v-2:A-2!R=-!%?-,.-GA-i3-0-3%-(J-2-/A-aR2-5/-IA-.%-$8A:A-/%-.-L%-;R., :.A-.%-,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2:A-
3A-:S-?-$4S-2R-/A, :.A-;A?-.-v<-:L%-28A/-0:A-i3-:I<-.J-!R/-0-;A/-=, ,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2?-2o.-3:A-<%-28A/-IA-
L-,R.(:.?-3-:R%?-.-v-$?3-!<-212-YA.-0:A-.R/-.$).3-.-v:A-i3-0-.J-35S/-0-;A/, :SA-$8A-s-2-<-3A-:S-?-.J-
3%R/-0<-L?-;R., 
2.LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-=-=?-5B$-$A-i3-0-28A-=?-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-2!R=-.$R?, .J-;%-LJ.-28A/-.-v-2:A-1-P2-5=-/A, is

(am, are) + .-v-2:A-3A%-n%(=?-5B$+ ing)

$/?-5=, .R<-,2?, .0J<-2eR.,

,A<-2+%-$A-$/?-5=, -ing work--working
study--studying
go--going
see--seeing
stay--staying
$?=-LJ.-3,:-3-/Ae;A/-=-.J-;A-1-3A-:.R/- e .R<-/?-ing .R<-2, have--having
live--living
0, argue--arguing
take--taking

•241•
 1-$.%?-3,:-3-/A-1-$.%?-S$-0R<- =?-5B$-.J:A-3)$-+-3A%- cut--cutting
run--running
[R$-.$R?-0:A-93-0:A-1-$.%?-.%-,  $8A:A-;A-$J-;%-2*<-VA?- begin--beginning
stop--stopping
$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-3,:-3-/A-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-8A$- +J, ing .R<-2,  plan--planning
shut--shutting
.%-.J:A-]R/-.-.L%?-;A$-$&A$-#R-/-;R.-0, forget--forgetting
regret--regretting
admit--admitting
get--getting
prefer--preferring
permit--permitting
3(/, (1) =?-5B$-$A-3)$-3,< ie ;R.-/, ie .Jy <-2&R?-/? ing .<-/-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-.-P2-
0-;A/, .0J<-/ die-dying lie-lying   tie-tying v-2,
(2) =?-5B$-$A-3)$-3,<-1-S$-0R<-3A-[R$-0:A-.L%?-;A$-&A$-.% l ;A/-{2?, l *A?-:VA-L?-+Jing .<-/(A-

<A:A-.LA/-;A$-+-*A?-:VA-3A-LJ.,).-v-2:A-3A%-n%-.-P2-0-;A/, 
travel--travelling (.LA/-)A,) traveling (A-<A:A,)

quarrel--quarrelling (.LA/-)A,) quarreling (A-<A:A,)

{.-(, 
1. would 8J?-0-=?-5B$-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-8A$-$A-$R%-.-.<-/, 2lA-2!<-IA-%R?-/?-=?-!-?R$?-$/%-;R%-3A/-:SA-

YR=-;R., would you like to … /A-5B$-P2-&A$-=-%R?-29%-]R<-:6B/-.$R?, .J:A-.R/-/A“HJ.-GA?…(LJ.):.R.-.3,”

8J?-0-;A/, .0J<-/, Would you like to have some tea? (HJ.-GA?-$?R=-)-:,%-o-;A/-/3,) v-2,
2. we’d love to /A-2#?-5B$-;A/, :.A-<join you 8J?-0-2#?-;R., we’d = we should

{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
=?-5B$-:$:->?-GA-3,:-< ing .<-/, 3A%-5B$-+-:I<-2:%-;R.-.J, .0J<-/, do some reading, do some
shopping, do some washing. ?R$?-=? reading, shopping, washing 2&?-/A-3A%-5B$-;A/, ?R-?R:C-.R/-/A-

[R$-:.R/-.%-*R-12, $4%-3<-:O-2-2&?-?R,,

$><-.%-, 
:SA-$8A-s-2:A-=/,
1) watches 2) is watching 3) is writing 4) writes
5) does not listen 6) is listening 7) does not smoke 8) is smoking
9) have 10) are having

•242•
1-$.%?-{R<-IA-3(/,
1. .LA/-;A$-$A-.L%?-;A$-s-2R-!J a, e, I, o, u i3?-{2?-:$<-1-<A%-2R<-[R$-.$R?-=, {2?-:$<-1-,%-2<-

[R$-.$R?, [R$-,2?-$4S-2R-<J:-3A$-+-2!R.-0-v<, 
.L%?-;A$        1-,%/.0J             1-<A%/.0J
a [&] back [ei] take
e [e] bed [i:] he
i [i] sit [ai] like
o [O] not [@u] no
u [V] but [ju:] student

2. .LA/-;A$-$A-,-~.-3%->R?-=-#$-:$:-;R.-0?-.J-<J-<J<-1-$.%?-9J<, .0J<-/ student /A stu .% dent 2&?-#$-

$*A?-?-2$R?-(R$-KA<-1-$.%?-$*A?-&/-;A/, tomorrow /A to-mor-row 2&?-#$-$?3-;R.-KA<-1-$.%?-$?3-

&/-;A/, ,-~.-:$:->?-=-1-$.%?-$&A$-#R-/-;R.-0?-.J-=-1-$.%?-$&A$-&/-9J<, .0J<-/ third, watch v-2, 1-
$.%?-$&A$-=-(J?-*%-/:%-.L%?-;A$-$&A$-:.-2-;A/, .0J<-/ I. $/?-5=-3%-0R:C-:R$-+-1-$.%?-$&A$-=-3A%-
$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$-$3-.-3-:.-2-;A/-0-.0J<-/, go (3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$), sit (3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$*A?,), film (3A%-
$8A:A-;A-$J-$?3,)
3. KJ-2:A-1-$.%?-.%-93-0:A-1-$.%?-/A-o/-.-3,R%-2:A-1-$.%?-<A$?-$*A?-;A/, $R%-$A-1-<A%-0R<-[R$-0:A-,-~.-5%-
3-/A-KJ-2:A-1-$.%?-?-$+R$?->A%-, 1-,%-2<-[R$-0:A-,-~.-5%-3-/A-93-0:A-1-$.%?-?-$+R$?-0-;A/, %-5S?-.0J<-
2eR.-=?-3,R%-,2-0-v<, KJ-2:A-1-$.%?-GA-P2-!%?-/A“3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J + .L%?-;A$ (+ 3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J + 
e)” .%-, 93-0:A-1-$.%?-/A“(3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J) + .L%?-;A$ + 3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$-$3-$*A?”v<-P2-0-;A/,

aR2-5/-2&-$*A?-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. ;A$-$?<-/%-$A talk, walk, dance, visit ?R$?-,-~.-#->?->A$-=?-5B$-LJ.-(R$-=-3A%-5B$-G%-LJ.-(R$ .0J<-/,   

  =?-5B$-=-:)$-0-.%-3A%-5B$-=-:)$-0-<J-2!R.-/, 
Which cities are you going to visit? (HJ.-<%-PR%-HJ<-$%-=-v.-3R<-:PR-o-;A/,)

Is this your first visit to China? (HJ.-<%-N%-$R<-,J%?-.%-0R<-;R%-2-;A/-/3,)

•243•
 Who are talking? (??-~/-8-:2=-28A/-;R.,)

How do you like his talk? (HJ.-GA?-2?3-/-#R?-~/-8-1=-2-&A-:S-<J.,)

Let’s walk around. (%-5S-:(3-:(3-=-:PR,)

Let’s take a walk around. (%-5S-:(3-:(3-=-:PR,)

They are dancing. (#R-5S?-VR-:O2-28A/-;R.,)

Are you going to the dance? (HJ.-<%-82?-VR:A-:.-5S$?-=-:PR-lA?-;R.-.3,)

2. something /A some .% thing (.%R?-0R,) $*A?-GA-P2-0-;A/-=, .J:A-.R/-;%-.%R?-0R-8A$-&J?-0-;A/, :.A-:S:A-,-

~.-3%-.-;R., some, any, no 2&?-2!R=-/-$R%-$A-,-~.-:S-2-,R/-,2, .0J<-/ someone, something, anyone,

anything, none, nothing v-2, SA-5B$-.%-.$$-5B$-/%-.-o/-0<-i3-0 anyone, anything v-2-2!R=-;R., .R%-

5/-IA6/%-.-$?=, 
3. such .%-;A-.R/-KR$?-35%?-;A/-/:%-, 2!R=-!%?-=-3A-:S-?-;R., such /A-o/-5B$-;A/-0?-,A<-2+%-.-3A%-5B$-

$?=-:.R/-LJ.-=, so /A-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$- ;A/-8A%-, ,A<-2+%-.-o/-5B$-.%-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-

$?=-:.R/-LJ.-0-;A/, .0J<-/, It’s such a fine day. (/3-^-)A-:S:A-29%-2-=,) It’s so beautiful. (.J-
/A-)A-:S:A-;$-0-=,) You sing so well. (HJ.-GA?-\-=%?-0-.J-:S:A-29%-2-=,)

aR2-5/, 
1. it 2!R=-/?-.?-5S.-!R/-,2-!J, .0J<-/, It’s three o’clock. (.?-5S.-$?3-<J.,) It’s a fine day. (.J-/A-/3-^-

29%-2:A-*A/-3R-8A$-<J.,)v-2,
$><-.%-, 
1. What about…? ;A?“&A-LJ.-o-;A/,” “…&A-:S-<J.,”?R$?-GA-.R/-2!/-;R., :.A-*A.-#-{.-/%-.-,R.-o-(J, .0J<-/,

I’m going. What about you? (%-:PR-o-;A/, HJ.-GA?-&A-LJ.-o-;A/,)v-2,

2. $><-.%70:A-/%-., review /A“$><-.%-,”$A-.R/-;A/-=, “mending”/A“:5K3-29R” be out /A“;=-/-

3J.,”&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, Peter is with his teacher. (1J-,J<-#R?-.$J-c/-.%-3*3-.-;R.,)

3A%-$A-.LJ-2, (The parts of speech)
•244•
 /%-$?J?, .LA/-;A$-$A-3A%-, LJ.-/?, .0J<-2eR.,
3A%-5B$ Nouns 3A:3-.%R?-0R:C-3A%-35S/-LJ., book, student
(n.)
52-5B$ Pronouns 3A:3-.%R?-0R-8A$-$A-52-LJ.-0, we, many, other
(pron.)
o/-5B$ Adjectives 3A:3-.%R?-0R:C-H.-g$?-35S/-LJ., good, big, old
(adj.)
P%?-5B$ Numerals P%?-!:3-$R-<A3-35S/-LJ., one, first
(num.)
=?-5B$ Verbs L-,R.-.3-%%-5=-35S/-LJ., go, know, like
(v.)
L-2:A-i3- Adverbs =?-5B$-$3-o/-5B$ L-2:A-i3-0-!R/- fast, very, so
(adv.)
0-!R/-0:A- 0:A-5B$-$?=-2R<-!R/-LJ.,
5B$
.R<-5B$ Prepositions :.A:A-eJ?-3:A-,-~.-.%-,-~.-$8/- of, in, for
(prep.)
2<-IA-:VJ=-2-35S/-LJ.,
4JJ=-5B$ Conjunctions ,-~.-.%-,-~.-.3-5B$-.%-5B$-4J=-LJ., and, but, if
(conj.)
.$<- Articles :.A:A-eJ?-:V%-3A%-5B$-$A-/%-.R/-!R/-LJ., a (an), the,
(art.)
5B$
:2R.-1 Interjections {.-(->R.-{2?-GA-2lJ-.%-?R$?-35S/-LJ., oh, hello
(interj.)
.LA/-;A$-$A-,-~.-=-.J:A-/%-.R/-.%-5B$-b%-/%-$A-LJ.-/?-=-2gJ/-/?-/%-$?J?-.LJ-2-2&-<-2$R?-;R.-&A%-, .J-=-3A%-
$A-.LJ-2-9J<, 

aR2-5/-2&-$?3-0, 
;A$-$?<,   
1. Sunday, Monday 2&?-GA-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-$92-VA?-LJ.-.$R?->A%-, .J-.$-$A-}R/-=-.$<-5B$-3A-.R<, 

2. TV-set ;A?-2f/-:UA/-:U=-(?-!R/-0-;A/, 2f/-:UA/-=-2v-8J?-0-.J-.LA/-{.-/%-. watch TV .%-;%-/watch

television 9J<,   

•245•
3. .LA/-;A$-$A-3A%-5B$-=-$4S-2R<-<A$?-$*A?-+J-3A%-5B$-.G?-3-.%-(J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-$*A?-?-.LJ-2-;A/, 3A%-

5B$-.G?-3-=:%-#-P%?-=-vR?-+J-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-.%-2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-<A$?-$*A?-?-.LJ-;R.-&A%-, flower,
song ?R$?-/A-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-.%-, tea, love ?R$?-/A-2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-;A/, ?-(-.%-3A, l-:6$?-?R$?-GA-3A%-

35S/-0:A-(J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$(proper names)$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-.%-0R-$92-VA?-LJ.-.$R?, .0J<-/, Lhasa,
Sunday, America v-2, park, house ?R$?-/A-3A%-5B$-.G?-3-;A/, 

aR2-5/, 
1. .LA/-;A$-$A-.$<-5B$-/A-%-5S?-o/-0<-2!R=-2-8A$-;A/-=, .J-=-3A-%J?-.$<-5B$ a (an) .%-%R?-29%-.$<- 5B$
the 2&?-<A$?-$*A?-;R., .$<-5B$-&A$-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-=-2!R=-/, 3A-%J?-.$<-5B$-$A?-,A-LA%?->A$-!R/-=, %R?-

29%-.$<-5B$-$A?-(R?->A$-.3A$?-?-.$<-/?-!R/-0-;A/, .J-;% a /A-$.%?-GA-,R$-3-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J:A-1-;A/-

0:A-,-~.-GA-}R/-=-.R<-8A%-, an /A-$.%?-GA-,R$-3-.L%?-;A$-$A-1-;A/-0:A-,-~.-GA-}R/-.-.R<-2-;A/, .0J<-/, a
book, an engineer, an old woman, an hour %R?-29%-.$<-5B$ the ;A-.R/-/A-:.A-.%-.J-=-KR$?-35%?-;A/, 

2. 3A-%J?-.$<-5B$ a (an)

(1) 3A-%J?-.$<-5B$-/A-$&A$-$A-.R/-+J-8A$-?R$?-.%-:S-2?, ,A<-2+%-.-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-(A$-P%?-GA-}R/-=-2!R=-

2-;A/, .0J<-/, It is a park. (.J-/A-\A%-$-8A$-<J.,) There is a lake in it. (.J:A-/%-/-35K:-8A$-;R.,)

(2) 2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-=-,A<-2+%-.-3A-%J?-.$<-5B$-3A-.R<, .0J<-/, I don’t like black tea. (%-<%-)-/$-=-

3A-.$:,) :R/-G% some .% any 2!R=-(R$-0-;A/, .0J<-/, Have some tea, please. ()-:,%-2<-8,)

3. .3A$?-?-:6B/-0:A-.$<-5B$

(1) the ;A-/%-.R/-/A this (these), that (those) .%-KR$?-35%?-;A/, .J:A-eJ?-GA-3A%-5B$-$A?-2!/-0-/A-

3A:3- .%R?- 0R- ?R$?- $&A$- $3- .3A$?- ?- .$<- 2:A- .- 3- 8A$- ;A/- {2?- %R?- 29%- .$<- 5B$ the 2!R=-2-;A/, .0J<- /, 
Look at the picture. (<A-3R-:.A<-vR?-.%-,) The work at the school keeps me busy. (aR2-9:A-/%-$A-

=?-!?-%-=-VJ=-2-29R?-;R.,)
(2) .%R?-0R:3-3A-$%-<%-8A$-,R$-3<-\J%-{2?, ,A<-2+%-.-3A-%JJ?-.$<-5B$-2!R=-=, .J-*A.-;%-2*<-\J%-2:A-

{2?-?-%J?-29%-.$<-5B$-2!R=-2-;A/, .0J<-/, aR2-5/-/%-$A-5B$ They are boating on the lake. (#R-

•246•
 5S?-35K:-/%-.-P-$+R%-28A/-;R.,) There are a lot of people in the park now. (.-v-\A%-$:A-/%-/-3A-3%-
0R-;R.,)
4. .$<-5B$-3A-:)$-0:A-$/?-5=, 

(1) ,A-LA%?->A$-!R/-0:A-3A%-5B$-=?-3%-5B$-$A-}R/-=-3A-:)$ They are students. (#R-5S-aR2-3-<J.,)v-2,

(2) (J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-=-,A<-2+%-.-3A-:)$ France, Mary, Amdov-2, :R/-G%-3A%-5B$-.G?-3?-P2-

0:A-(J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-:$:A-}R/-.-:)$-.$R?-0-.0J<-/, the Summer Palace, the United States.

(3) 2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-$A?-,A-LA%?->A$-!R/-{2?-.J:A-}R/-=-3A-:)$ Would you like tea or coffee? (HJ.-

GA?-)-:,%-:.R.-.3-#-nJ-:,%-:.R.,)
(4) =R-^-.%-$9:A-*A/-IA-}R/-=-3A-:)$ .0J<-/, It’s very hot here in July and August. (^-2-2./-0-.%-2o.-

0:A-/%-:.A-<-5-2->A/-+-(J,) I received his letter on Monday.

(#R:A-:UA/-;A$-.J-%-=-$9:-^-2:A-*A/-:LR<,)

(5) $+/-:#J=-IA-5B$-,%-:$:A-/%-.:%-3A-:)$-!J, .0J<-/, after school (aR2-9-PR=-eJ?,) out of work (=?-!-

PR=-eJ?,)
5. people ;A?-3A-$*A?-?3-3A-$*A?-GA-;/-8A$-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, two people v-2,

$><-.%-, 
2a2-L:A-3A%-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-$92-VA?-LJ.-.$R?, .0J<-/, History, (=R-o?,) Political Study ((2-YA.-
aR2-.R%-,)  PT /A Physical Training ;A-5B$-#.-;A/-=-l=-.R%-aR2-,/-IA-.R/-;A/, 

aR2-5/-2&-28A-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
^-2-?R-?R:C-3A%-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-.J-$92-VA?-LJ.-.$R?-=, .?-5B$?-?R-?R:C-3A%-$92-VA?-LJ.-3A-.$R?, ,A<-
2+%-.-^-3A%-.%-.?-5B$?-GA-3A%-$A-}R/-=-.$<-5B$-3A-:)$-3R., {2?-:$<-.?-5B$?-GA-3A%-$A-}R/-=-.$<-
5B$-:)$-0:%-;R., 

•247•
 aR2-5/,
$/?-$?3-P%?-!-;A-$J:A-%R?-/?-35S/-,2?-/A-$>3-$?=-v<, 
ƒ 123 one hundred and twenty-three
ƒ 695 six hundred and ninety-five
ƒ 430 four hundred and thirty
ƒ 800 eight hundred
;A.-:)R$-L-.$R?-0-/A, (1) hundred ;A-3,:-<s3A-:)$ (2) 2o-$/?-P%?-.%-2&-$/?-P%?-GA-35S/-LJ.-2<-.
and :)R$-0, (3) 2&-$/?-P%?-.%-$&A$-$/?-P%?-GA-35S/-LJ.-:UJ.-,A$-&A$-$A?-4JJ=-.$R?, 

{.-(, “.J-<A%-$9:-$%-<J.,”&J?-0< What day is today? 8J?-0-2!R=-.$R?, .J-<A%-$A-^-5K?-:SA-LJ.-/A, What is

the date?

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
1. .R%-2:A I’m going to…v-2:A-/%-$A be going to …/A“L-2-$-$J-3R-8A$-212-lA?-;R.,”&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, :.A-

*A.-2!R=-/?-3-:R%?-0-/-:L%-2:A-.R/-.$-&A$-!R/-0-;A/, aR2-5/-:.A:A-.R%-$8A B .%-aR2-5/-eJ?-3:A-$><-.%-

/%-.-5B$-P2-:.A-*A.-.R%-2:A-:SA-$8A-3%-.-2!R.-;R., 5B$-P2-:.A?-.?-GA-H.-0<-;%-!R/-,2-0?, 3-:R%?-0:A-$/?-
5=-8A$-!R/-{2?-$/?-5=-3%-0R:C-:R$-+-:.A-*A.-2!R=-(R$
2. No. /A number ;A-5B$-#.-;A/, .0J<-/, Building No. 7 (#%-2lJ$?-2./-0,) No. 2 Hospital ((/-#%-$*A?-

0,) v-2,

$><-.%-, 
1. :SA-$8A-s-2-<-^-5K?-GA-[R$-,2?-.R%-.$R?, May 1st /A May First .%-;%-/ May the First 8J?-2[$-.$R?, 
June 22nd /AJune twenty-second .%-;%-/ June the twenty-second 8J?-2[$-.$R?, .J-v<-!/-=-<A$?-21J-

2<-L,
2. :SA-$8A-2./-0:A-=/,

1) is taking 2) takes 3) isn’t studying 4) studies 5) have 6) are having

7) is taking 8) takes 9) is getting 10) gets

•248•
 aR2-5/-2&R-s-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
talk =-#-2h:A-.R/-;%-;R.,

aR2-5/,
LJ.-28A/-.-v-2?-{2?-:$<-L-2-8A$-212-lA?-LJ.-0:A-L-,R.-35S/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, He’s flying to Shanghai next
week.(#R-<%-$9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<-$/3-P<-2#.-.J-Z%-@J<-:1<-o-<J.,) v-2, z$-0<-.-{.-(:A-/%-$A-=?-5B$-/Ago,

come, arrivev-2-;A/-{2?, #-{.-/%-.-o/-0<-.J-v<-2!R=-;R.-.J, 

Are you going to the talk? (HJ.-GA?-~/-8-:.A<-*/-o-AJ-;A/,)

She is coming. (3R-aJ2?-L%-,)v-2,

{.-(, 
a friend of mine /A-%:A-PR$?-0R-8A$-<J.-&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, :.A:A-/%-$A mine .% my $*A?-!-/A“%-;A” ;A-.R/-;A/-=, 

5B$-$A-}R/-= my :VA-8A%-3)$-+mine :VA-2-;A/, .0J<-/, 

His family is in Shanghai, mine is in Beijing. (#R:C-29:-3A-i3?-Z%-@J-<-;R.-=, %:A-29:-3A-i3?-0J-&A/-.-;R.,)

If you don’t have a pen, you can have mine. (HJ.-=-t$?-/$-3J.-/-%:A-.J-2!R=-(R$)

This is not your watch. It’s mine. (:.A-/A-HJ.-GA-.?-5S.-:#R<-=R-3-<J., .J-%:A-<J.,)

.R%-2, 
theirs .% their /A“#R-5S:C” .R/-;A/, theirs ;% mine .%-:S-2<-5B$-$A-3)$-+-2!R=-2-;A/-=, their /A-5B$-

$A-}R/-=-2!R=-.$R?, 

$><-.%-,
1. what do you think of …? /A“HJ.-GA?-2v?-/…&A-:S-<J.”&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .J-=-=/-:.J2?-{2?-o/-0<
I think …(%?-2v?-/,)8J?-:$R-:6$?-.$R?,

2. Take Room 305 /A“#%-g$?305 &/-.J-.$R?”8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

3. :SA-$8A-S$-0-<-.?-$?3-IA-35S/-,2?-2!/-;R., .J-.$-3.R<-2#?-/, 
•249•
 (1) o/-w/-<%-28A/-/3-$R3?-$>A?-<%-28A/-IA-L-,R.-/A-,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2?-35S/-0-;A/, 

(2) $/?-{2?-.J<-12-28A/-0:A-i3-:I<-/A-LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-2!R=-/?-35S/-0-;A/, 

(3) 5B$-P2 be going to ;A?-:L%-o:A-$/?-5=-8A$-!R/-0-;A/, 

1-$.%?-:.R/-=$?, 
1. KJ-2:A-1-$.%?-&/-IA-,-~.-/A-,A<-2+%-.-.J<-$+R$?-.L%?-;A$-$A-2[$-,2?-v<-[R$-.$R?, take /teik/, he

/hi:/, like /laik/, no /n@u/, student /'stu:dent/.

2. 93-0:A-1-$.%?-&/-IA-,-~.-/A-,A<-2+%-.-1-,%-2<-[R$-.$R?, [R$-,2?-$>3-$?=-v<, back /b&k/, bed

/bed/, sit /sit/, not /nOt/, but /bVt/.

3. ar ,A<-2+%-./a:/v<-[R$-0-;A/, .0J<-/, car, park, far, star.

aR2-5/-2&-S$-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. leave for /A“(?-(-$-$J-3R<)2*R.-o-<J.”&J?-0:A-.R/-+J, She’s leaving for home. (3R-<%-.-v-;=-=-:PR-o-

<J.,)v-2,
2. miss =-eJ?-3-9A/-0:3-3-,R2-0:A-.R/-;%-;R., .0J<-/, He missed the train to Beijing. (#R-<%-0J-&A/-=-:PR-

2:A-3J-:#R<-IA-eJ?-?-3-(R.,) Miss /A-$*J/-21A$-L?-3J.-0:A-2.-3J.-GA-3A%-$A-}R/-=-.<-/-8J?-?:A-:2R.-!%?-;A/, 
3. till /A-.R<-5B$-&A$-!J, “(.?-5S.-$-$J-3R)=-,R/-<$-2<-.”8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, I’ll work till ten. (%?-.?-5S.-

2&-2:A-2<-.-=?-!-LJ.-o-;A/,) v-2, 

aR2-5/, 
1. things /A-,A<-2+%-$A-$/?-5=-;R%?-=-:)$-0-;A/, 

2. you all /A-HJ.-5S-5%-3-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/,

3. {.-(-2>.-3#/-IA?-eR.-.R/-.J:A-L-,R.-.3-i3-0:A-,.-GA-v-!%?-.%-, <%-%R?-GA-2?3-0-35S/-0<-LJ.-0:A-

*3?-:I<-=?-5B$ can, may, must 2&?-GA-G%-3-:R%?-0:A-$/?-5=-!R/-,2-0-;A/, .0J<-/, I can’t come

•250•
 tomorrow. (%-<%-?%-*A/-;R%-3A-,2,) He may want to go. (#R-<%-1=-(J<-:PR-2<-3R,) You must do it this

week. (=?-!-:.A-HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-$9:-:#R<-:.A:A-/%-.-212-.$R?,)

:.A-.$-=?-G%may =-.0J<-2eR.-%R?-/?-<$?-43-:PJ=-/, 
We may leave for Xi’an on June 1st. /A-%-5S-8A-A/-=-^-S$-0:A-5K?-$&A$-*A/-:PR-=?-(J-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

may /A“(R$-0”(=to be allowed, to be permitted);A-.R/-+J, {.-(-2>.-3#/-.J-:,.-0:3-2>.-;=-*A.-:,.-

0:A-<J-2-8-2-=-:)$ .0J<-/, You may go. (HJ.-<%-?R%-(R$) You may take it away. (HJ.-GA?-.J-HJ<-(R$) 

May I come in? (%-<%-/%-=-;R%-(R$-$3) Yes, you may. (;R%-(R$) No, you may not. (3A-(R$) v-2, 

may =-.-.%-(.-v-2-.%-3-:R%?-0-/) “:L%-YA.”.%“1=-(J<” IA-.R/-;%-;R., .0J<-/, He may come today.

(Perhaps he will come.) (#R-.J-<A%-,R/-G%-YA.,) He may not be right. (1=-(J<-#R-<%-/R<-2-<J.,)v-2, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
:.A-<-.?-GA-i3-28$-=?-,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0-2!/-;R., ,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0(the simple future tense) /A-
3-:R%?-0-/-:L%-2:A-L-,R.-.3-$/?-5=-!R/-0-;A/, ,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0:A-P2-!%?-/A,   
shall/will + =?-5B$

.J-;A-2!R=-!%?-/A, I.% we = shall(;%-/will)2!R=-.$R?->A%-, you, he, she, they 2&?-= will 2!R=-.$R?, 

shall .% will 2#?-+J ll v<-VA?-(R$-!J, .0J<-/, I’ll go, he’ll come v-2, .J-.$-$A-.0J-2eR.-/A, I’ll be back

tonight. (%-<%-.R-.$R%-KA<-;R%-o-;A/,) Who will go with me? (3A-?-8A$-%-.%-3*3-.-:PR-o-;A/,) v-2, 

$><-.%-, 
want somebody to do something /A-5B$-P2-&A$-;A/, .J-/A-(J-$J-3R?-L-2-$-$J-3R-8A$-212-.$R?-8J?-

0:A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, They want him to work hard. (#R-5S?-#R-=-@<-2lR/-IA?-=?-!-LJ.-.-2&$) I don’t want

you to go. (%?-HJ.-<%-:PR-<-:)$-3A-:.R.,)

•251•
 aR2-5/-2&-2./-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. plan, hope, try ?R$?-GA-eJ?-?-i3-0“to + =?-5B$”:V%?-+J-;=-5B$-!R/-0-3%-.-;R.-.J, .0J<-/, hope to do

something (L-2-8A$-212-/-:.R.,) Try to do something. (L-2-8A$-212-lA?-L,) i3-0-:.A-<A$?-5B$-P2-

$&A$-+-2v?-/?-]R<-:6B/-0<-L, $=-+J-$R%-$A-.0J-2eR.-=?-=?-5B$-2eJ?-/-5B$-$8/-8A$-P2-0-;A/, .0J<-/, I
hope to see you soon. (%?-HR.-<%-3A-:I%?-2<-3,R%-/-:.R.,) Try to come back tonight. (.R-.$R%-KA<-=R$-

AJ-,2-=-2v,) v-2,
2. shall /A-=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?->A$-!J, =?-5B$-n%-2-8A$-$A-}R/-=-.<-/-3-:R%?-0-!R/-0-;A/-=, .J:A-.R/-/A“L-o”;A/-

8J?-0-.%-:S, .0J<-/, We shall come tomorrow (%-5S-?%-*A/-;R%-o-;A/,) shall ;A?-{.-(-2>.-3#/-

IA-:./-0-.%-(R.-?J3?-?R$?-G%-35S/-,2-=, {2?-:.A<“%J?-0<-.”8J?-0:A-.R/-.%-:S-2-.0J<-/, I shall pass
the exam! (%?-o$?-.J-:UR.-.-:)$-o-;A/,)

aR2-5/, 
1. ,A<-/ will /A-$%-9$-$*A?-0-.%-$?3-0<-:)$-3R., $%-9$-.%-0R:C-=?-5B$-.%-:VJ=-/?-2!R.-;R.-/-]R-=-:,.-

0:3-3R?-3,/-L%-2:A-.R/-35S/-0-;A/, 
2. you know /A-#-{.-GA-5B$-$?2-&A$-;A/, .J-*A.-3J.-/:%-*R/-3J.-3R., #-{.-/%-.-.J-:S-3%-.-;R.-.J, .0J<-/, 

He’s my brother, you know. (#R-/A-%:A-%/-;A/,) It’s going to rain, I think. (%?-2?3-/-(<-:22-o-<J.,)

3. go swimming /A-5B$-P2-&A$-;A/, :.A-;A-P2-!%?-/A“go .-v-2:A-3A%-n%”;A/, .J-<A$?-GA?-:$=-2*R.-&A$-LJ.-

o-;A/-0-2!/-;R., .0J<-/, go boating. (P-$+R%-.-:PR) go shopping (*R-12-LJ.-.-:PR) v-2,

4. =?-5B$-$A-3,:-< ing .<-/-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-=?-3A%-5B$-+-:I<-2:%-;R.-.J, do some reading /%-$A 

readings/A-3A%-5B$-;A/, .J-.%-3,/-0<do some washing, do some shopping ?R$?-=-<A$?-21J?-(R$

{.-(, 
At half past eight /A-(-3A-5%-2:A-5B$-&A$-;A/-=-:.A-< we shall start off 2#?-;R., :.A-:S:A-2#?-5B$-/A-o/-

w/-IA-#-{.-/%-.-3%-.-;R.-=, z$-0<-.-SA-5B$-=-=/-:.J2?-{2?-2!R=-H2-(J, 

•252•
PT classes /A-l=-.R%-aR2-,/-IA-.R/-;A/-=, PT /A Physical Training ;A-5B$-#.-;A/,   

$><-.%-, 
:SA-$8A-S$-0-<-aR2-5/-2&-2:A-/%-%R-3R.-L?-0:A-SA-5B$-$A-<A$?-$&A$-!J-SA-2-3,:-29%-$A-5B$-=-2*<-.R%(tag
questions)<$?-43-L?-;R., SA-5B$-:.A-<A$?-#$-}-KA-$*A?-?-2$R?-;R.-=, #$-}-3-$?=-2>.-v-2:A-5B$-.%-KA-3-

/A-3.R<-2#?-GA-SA-5B$-&A$-;A/, $=-+J-#$-}-3-/A-,$-(R.-v-2:A-12-5B$-&A$-;A/-/, #$-eJ?-3-<-.$$-1-2!R=-.$R?, 
$=-+J-#$-}-3-<-.$$-1-2!R=-;R.-/, #$-eJ?-3-=-,$-(R.-GA-i3-0-v-2-2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/, You know him,
don’t you? (HR.-GA?-#R-<%-%R->J?-0-;A/-/3,) You don’t like it, do you? (HJ.-<%-.J-=-3A-.$:-2-;A/-/3,) .0J<-

2eR.-=?->J?-,2-0-v<-#$-}-KA-$*A?-?-;R.-0:A-=?-5B$-$A-.?-{2?-/3-;%-3,/-0-;A/-.$R?, #-{.-/%-.-SA-
5B$-:.A-<A$?-H2-(J-2->J?-0<-L, 

aR2-5/-2&R-2o.-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. can /A-(R$-3A/-IA-<J-:./-8((R$-0)2<-2!R=-(R$-=, can /Amay =?-2!R=-H2-(J, can ;A?-{.-(-2>.-3#/-<%-

*A.-:,.-0:3-.J?-(R$-3(/-$/%-2-!R/-,2-0<-3-9., KA-<R=-;=-IA-(-nJ/-IA?-212-(R$-0:3-L%-(R$-0-8A$-;A/-
0-!R/-,2, may ;A?-o/-0<-#$-}-3-.J-35S/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, You can go now. (HR.-<%-.-v-?R%-(R$) v-2, 
2. raise =-;<-2G$-0:A-.R/-;%-;R., .0J<-/, to raise one’s hand. (=$-0-;<-1J%-2,)

aR2-5/, 
1. Attention, please /A-5B$-#.-&A$-;A/-=-5B$-b%-(-5%-2-/A Let me have your attention, please. ;A/, :.A-/A-

3%-S$?-0?-#-{.-.-2#?-+J-2>.-0-;A/, .J:A-.R/-/A-HJ.-GA?-;A.-:)R$-LJ.-0<-8-8J?-0:R,, 
2. “KA-SR<(}-SR<)”?R$?-v-2in the afternoon (morning, etc.) ;A?-35S/-0-;A/-3R., “*A/-$-$J-3R:C-KA-SR<”v-2

on ;A?-3$R-S%?-+J-2eR.-0-;A/, .0J<-/, on Saturday afternoon($9:-%J/-0:A-KA-SR<,)v-2, 

{.-(, 
1. <J-:./-8-2:3-PR?-$8A-:.R/-{2? may 2!R=-/-2lA-2!<-L?-0:A-.R/-;R., .0J<-/, May I help you? %?-

<R$?-<3-LJ.-.$R?-?3, %?-HJ.-=-&A-8A$-212-/?-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 5S%-2?-3PR/-0R<-:.A-v<-:SA-{2?-.J:A-.R/-/A-
•253•
 HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-*R-o-;A/-8J?-0-;A/, .-.%-;R.-.J, May I carry your bag? (%?-HJ.-GA-#$-3-HJ<-/-(R$-$3,) May
I make a suggestion? (%?-2?3-:(<-8A$-:.R/-(R$-$3,)

2. How much is it? (|R<-&A-43-;A/,)  :.A-/A-.%R?-0R:C-<A/-$R%-:SA-,2?-$4S-2R-;A/, 

3. Here you are. /A-|R<-3R:3-.%R?-0R-?R$?-3A-8A$-=-!J<-{2?-o/-0<-2>.-0:A-{.-(-;A/, .J:A-.R/-/A-#-{.-.-:.A-

=R%?-8J?-0-;A/, 
4. You’re welcome /A-$8/-IA?-<%-=“Thank you.”&J?-,$?-eJ-8-{2?, =/-:.J2?-LJ.-.J-,$?-eJ-8-

3A-.$R?-?3-.J-:S-LJ.-3A-.$R?-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A, 
1. <J-:./-8-2:3-PR?-$8A-:.R/-{2? Can I …? Can you …?

v-2:A-5B$-P2-2!R=-/-2lA-2!<-L?-0:A-.R/-=-:)$-!J, .0J<-/, Can you answer this question ? (HJ.-GA?-SA-

5B$-:.A<-=/-:.J2?-,2-23,) Can you come here ? (HJ.-<%-:.A-$<-1J2?-(R$-$3,)
2. can’t /A-.LA/-)A-</ka:nt/ v<-[R$-=, A-3J-<A-!</k&nt/v<-[R$-0-;A/, .J:A-.R/-/A-3A-,2-.%-;%-/-3A-(R$-&J?-0-;A/, 

$><-.%-, 
1. :SA-$8A-2o.-0:A-\-.L%?-GA-/%-.R/-/A, “~/-:)J2?-GA-&R%-1-P$?-5K, 35/-3R-/A-)A-:S:A-*A.-0-=,”

lovely/A-;A.-.-:R%-2-.%-, bell /A-&R%-, ring /A-P$?-0, sweetly /A-~/-:)J2?-GA-.R/-;A/, 

2. :SA-$8A-2./-0:A-=/,

buses cities radios children

classes families months teeth
watches factories days men
toothbrushes universities places women

=?-5B$-$A-/%-$?J?-.LJ-2, 
=?-5B$-=-/%-$?J?-<A$?-:$<-.LJ-(R$-0-=?-=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-+J-PR$?-5B$(aux, v.)/A-=?-5B$-$8/-8A$-.%-.<-
2?-eR.-5B$-P2-=, .?-.%-2>.-!%?-35S/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, I will come.v-2, =?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-#J<-n%-=-
/%-.R/-H.-0<-&/-$%-;%-3J., .0J<-/, 

•254•
I don’t know English. (%?-.LA/-;A$-3A->J?,)

Shall we go there? (%-5S-.J-<-:PR-o-;A/-/3,)

She will join us. (3R-<%-%-5S:C-/%-=-8$?-o-<J.,)

Would you like to join us? (HJ.-<%-%-5S:A-/%-=-8$?-:.R.-.3,)

*3?-:I<-=?-5B$(mod. v.) .%-=?-5B$-$8/-8A$-$A?-eR.-5B$-P2-0-;A/-=, /%-.R/-%J?-&/-8A$-!R/-0-;A/-+J, .0J<-

/can =-35S/-/, (I can’t go.) v-2,
Can you swim? (HJ.-<%-(-=-n=-,2-23,)

May I go with you? (%-<%-HJ.-.%-3*3-.-:PR-(R$-$3,)

You must get there tomorrow. (?%-*A/-HJ.-<%-%J?-0<-.-.J-$<-,R/-.$R?,)

aR2-5/-2&-.$-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
Japan /A-:)<-0/-o=-#2-GA-3A%-;A/-=, 3A-8A$-$A-o=-#R%?-!R/-0:3-:)<-0/-IA-o=-.3%?(3%-*%-&A-<A$?) 

>A$-;A/-5K Japanese 8J?-0:A-,-~.-2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/, He is a Japanese (#R-<%-:)<-0/-0-<J.,) a Japanese,

many Japanese, the Japanese v-2, .J-28A/-. Spanish /A Spain o=-#2-GA-o=-#R%?-!R/-LJ.-.%-, 

o=-.3%?-GA-(A$-P%?-2eR.-{2? a Spaniard .%-, $*A?-?3-3%-0R-2eR.-{2? paniards 2!R=-2-;A/, Sweden /A-

o=-#2-GA-3A%-.%-, o=-#R%?-!R/-LJ.-/ASwedish o=-.3%?-!R/-LJ.-/ ASwede .% Swedes ;A/, 

aR2-5/, 
little /A-(%-(%-$A-.R/-;A/-=, a little /A-+R$-43-33-*%-43-IA-.R/-;A/,

{.-(, 
1. 3A-$8/-=-L-2-$-$J-3R-8A$-12-0<-LJ.-{2?-o/-0<-{=-5B$-2!R=-2-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, Come in. (/%-=-1J2?,) Be

here at 7. (.?-5S.-2./-IA-!J%-:.A-<-1J2?-<R$?,) Don’t forget (3-2eJ.,) .J:A-.$$-5B$-/A-o/-0< Don’t ;A-

3$R-:SJ/-0-;A/, $=-+J-5B$-:)3-0R-<-LJ.-/-o/-. please .<-+J-:SJ/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, Please write to me. (%-

•255•
 =-:UA/-;A$-:VA-2<-8,) Be quiet, Please. (:<-3A-o$-0<-8,) Please don’t leave us. (%-5S-.%-#-3A-:V=-

2<-8,) Don’t tell her, please. (3R-=-3A-2>.-0<-8,)

2. must /A“%J?-0<-.” 8J?-0:3“:R?-0:A”.R/-;A/-=, .J-*A.-$%-9$-.%-0R-=-.R<-{2?-{.-(-2>.-3#/-.J-;A?-<%-

=-:R?-:$/-;R.-0<-?J3?-0:3(L-2-$-$J-3R)%J?-0<-.-212-.$R?-0<-?J3?-0-!R/-0-;A/, $%-9$-$*A?-0-.%-$?3-
0<-.R<-{2?-{.-(-2>.-3#/-IA-2!:-:3-3A-$8/-=-L-2-$-$J-3R-212-o:A-<J-2-:.R/-0-!R/-8A%-, SA-5B$-/%-.-2!R=-
/-:SA-;=-IA-2?3-KR$?-:SA-2-;A/, .0J<-/, You must go. (HJ.-<%-%J?-0<-.-:PR-.$R?,) I must go now. (%-
<%-.-v-:PR-</,) Must I go now? (%-<%-.-v-*A.-.-:PR-.$R?-0-;A/-/3,) v-2, 
5. Make the bed. /A-3=-,2-?R$?-=J$?-0<-2+%-2:A-.R/-+J-3=-OA-P=-.$-LR?-8J?-0:A-.R/, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
1. Can, may, must /A-*3?-:I<-!R/-0:A-=?-5B$-;A/-8A%-, .J-.$-$%-9$-$%-<%-=-2!R=-(R$ .J-.$-2!R=-2:A-.$$-

5B$-/Acan not (2#?-/ can’t), may not, must not (2#?-+Jmustn’t) may =-/%-.R/-$4S-2R-$*A?-+J, $&A$-/A
“(R$-0”;A/-=-.J-2!R=-/?-$8/-IA-:,.-0-:SA-2-;A/, $&A$-/A“1=-(J<”<3“YA.”;A/, .0J<-/, 

May I go now? (%-<%-.-v-?R%-(R$-$3,)

Peter may know it. (1J-,J<-IA?-1=-(J<-.J->J?,)

She may not like it. (3R-<%-.J<-3A-:,.-G%-YA.,)

mustn’t (L-2-$-$J-3R-.J)$+/-/?-3-12-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/,

.0J<-/, 
You mustn’t leave the room. (HJ.-<%-#%-2-:.A-.%-$+/-/?-3-V=,)

must ;R.-0:A-SA-5B$-=-=/-:.J2?-{2?, o/-0< must .%-;%-/ needn’t 2!R=-2-;A/-+J-.0J<-/, 

Must I do it? (%?-.J-%J?-0<-.-12-.$R?-?3,)

Yes, you must. (HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-212-.$R?,)

No, you needn’t. (3A-.$R?,)

$R%-$A-.0J-28A/-.$$-5B$-/%-.-2!R=-2:A-1=-(J-2-/A-*3?-:I<-!R/-0:A-=?-5B$-;A/-=, .J-*A.-=?-5B$-$8/-v<-
2!R=-/-eJ?-?-3A%-5B$-:V%-(R$-!J, .0J<-/, I need your help. (%-=-HJ.-GA?-<R$?-<3-$/%-.$R?,)

•256•
2. Call up /A“(J-$J-3R-=-#-0<-o$-0” ;A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, I’ll call you up tomorrow. (?%-*A/-%?-HJ.-=- #-
0<-o$) v-2, 

$><-.%-, 
:SA-$8A-S$-0:A-=/,
1) watches 6) teaches
2) goes 7)flies
3) brushes 8) misses
4) studies 9) copies
5)does 10) plays

aR2-5/-*A->-2, 
;A$-$?<,
1. flight attendant /A-$/3-P-/%-$A-82?-8-3<-$R,

2. dinner /A-,A<-2+%-.-$?R=-!R/-.-:)$-3R.-.$R%-9?-=-2!R=-2:%-;R., ;R%?-P$?-= supper 2!R=-/?-.$R%-

9?-!R/-0-;A/, 
3. French, Italian /A-o=-#2 France, Italy ?R-?R:C-#R%?-!R/-LJ.-;A/-=, ?R-?R:C-o=-.3%?-$&A$-<J-35S/-LJ.-/A a

Frenchman, an Italian .%-, $*A?-?3-.-3-35S/-LJ.-/A Frenchmen, Italians ;A/,   

aR2-5/, 
have to ;A-LJ.-/?-/A-*3?-:I<-=?-5B$-.%-35%?-=, *3?-:I<-=?-5B$-$8/-8A$-.%-3*3-.-2!R=-/-.J-;A?“%J?-

0<-.”.%“(3A-12),2?-3J.”GA-.R/-!R/-0-;A/, KA-<R=-;=-IA-(-nJ/-IA?-%J?-0<-.-LJ.-.$R?-0-v-2-;A/-/ have to
2!R=-.$R?-=, <%-%R?-/?-%J?-0<-.-3#R-2-v-2-;A/-/must 2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/, We have to leave early. (%-5S-}-
3R-/?-:PR-.$R?,) She has to get back tonight. (3R-<%-.R-.$R%-KA<-;R%-%J?-<J.,) You’ve got to go and see the
teacher. (HJ.-<%-.$J-c/-=-3A-,$-$-3J.-<J.,) I must stop smoking. (%?-%J?-0<-.-,-3$-$&R.-.$R?,) v-2, 

{.-(, 
:.A-<-o=-#R%?-.%-3A%-, =?-!-:SA-YR=-.%-=/-:.J2?-5=-$?=-2R<-;R.-0?, 1/-5/-2<-/?-.LA/-{.-GA-#-2h-.R%-
2h<-LJ.-,2,

•257•
{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
1. have to 2!R=-2:A-SA-5B$-/%-$A-2eR.-L-$%-9$-.J:A-}R/-= do .%-;%-/ does 2!R=-;R., .0J<-/, Do we have to

do Exercise 3? (%-5S?-%J?-0<-.-$><-.%?-$?3-0-:VA-.$R?-0-;A/-/3,) Do you have to go now? (HJ.-

<%-.-v-%J?-0<-.-:PR-.$R?-0-;A/-/3,)v-2, 
2. have to ;A-.$$-5B$-/A have to ;A-}R/-= on’t .%-;%-/doesn’t .<-/?-P2-0-;A/, .0J<-/, You don’t have

to tell Beima. (HR.-GA?-0E-=-2>.-3A-.$R?,)   He doesn’t have to go with us. (#R-<%-%-5S-.%-3*3-.-?R%-

/-(R$)v-2,

$><-.%-, 
1. :SA-$8A-2./-0-<-=?-5B$-&A$-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-.-)A-v<-2+<-.$R?-0-2*<-.%-L?-;R.-0?, aR2-5/-2&-s-$&A$-0:A-

3(/-:PJ=-=-2v-2<-8,
2. =?-5B$-$A-ing i3-0, =?-5B$-$A-ing i3-0-/A“=?-5B$ + ing”v<-P2-0-;A/-=, .-v:A-3A%-n%-;A/, .0J<-/, 

She is trying to translate it into Spanish. (#R-3R?-.J-?A-1J/-{.-.-2+<-lA?-;R.,)

We often go swimming in summer. (.L<-#<-%-5S-o/-0<-(-n=-.-:PR-2-;A/,)

=?-5B$-$A-ing i3-0-;A?-3A%-5B$-$A-LJ.-/?-G%-,R/-,2-0-.0J<-/,
I like watching TV. (%-<%-2f/-:UA/-=-2v-2<-.$:,)

She enjoys working here. (#R-3R-:.A-<-=?-!-LJ.-0<-.$:,)

aR2-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. country =-.R/-$*A?-;R., $&A$-/A-o=-#2-.%-$8/-/A-8A%-PR%-$A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, I love my country. (%-<%-%:A-

o=-#2-=-.$:,)   She likes living in the country. (#R-3R-8A%-PR%-.-#R.-o<-.$:,) 8A%-PR%-/A countryside 

2!R=-/?-G%-35S/-,2,
2. cake /A-$R-<J-2$-=J2-23-/%-.-|R-%-2YJ?-0:A-2$-=J2-?R2-0R:C-3A%-, 

aR2-5/, 
1. aR2-5/-:.A-<-.LA/-;A$-$A-.?-GA-i3-28$-=?-,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0(the simple past tense)2!R=-;R., ,A<-2+%-

$A-:.?-0-/A-o/-0<-=?-5B$-$A-:.?-5B$-35S/-0-;A/-0?, ,R$-3<-.J:A-1-P2-5=-%R-3R.-LJ.-o-;A/, $9$?-:I<-

•258•
 =?-5B$-$A-:.?-5B$-=-.J:A-.3A$?-2?=-IA-i3-0-;R.-=, $9$?-3A-:I<-2:A-=?-5B$-$A-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-/A-=?-5B$-
$A-3,:-< d .%-;%-/ ed .<-+J-P2-0-;A/, .J:A-(R?-*A.-/A-$>3-v<, 
$/?-5=, .R<-,2?, .0J<-2eR.,
,A<-2+%-$A-$/?-5=, -ed worked wanted opened
answered played obeyed
$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-3,:-3-:.R/-3A-.$R?-0:A -d lived moved hoped

e;A/-0,

3)$-3,:-/A“$?=-LJ.-;A-$J + y” ;A/- y *A. i <-2&R?-+J studied cried carried tried

0, ed .R<-2,

3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-8A$-$A?-3)$-2#?-0:A- ;A-$J-3,:-3-*A?-:VA- stopped begged regretted

permitted dropped planned
$?=-[R$-93-0:A-1-$.%?-&/-IA-,-~., L?-+J-.R<-2,
><-.%-/%-$A-:SA-$8A-s-2-<-.%?-9A/-0:A-=?-5B$-3%-0R-8A$-$A-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-VA?-;R.-0?, 5%-3?-.J-5%-3-]R<-
29%-2<-L, eJ?-?-=?-5B$-<J-2a2-eJ?-.J:A-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-G%-;A.-=-:6B/-.$R?, 
2. ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0?-}R/-(.-GA-.?-{2?->A$-$3-.?-;/-8A$-$A-/%-.-L%-2:A-L-,R.-.3-$/?-5=-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-

/, I lived in Room 214 last week. ($9:-:#R<-}R/-3<-%-<%-#%-0214<-2#.-0-;A/,) I met him yesterday.
(%-<%-#-?%-#R-=-:U.-0-;A/,)

{.-(, 
not at all /A-U/-43-;%-3A/-0:A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, I am not at all tired. (%-<%-,%-(.-3J.,) She isn’t at all

hungry. (3R-=-vR$?-$%-U/-43-;%-3J.,)

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0:A-SA-5B$-/A-1=-(J<-,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2:A-i3-0-.%-:S-=, =?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-.J-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-.-
+<-.$R?, .$$-5B$-$A-i3-0-;%-$R%-.%-:S-2< do not 8J?-0 did not (5B$-2#?-/Adidn’t) <-2+<-.$R?, .0J<-/, 
Did I study? (%?-aR2-.R%-L?-?3,) You did not (didn’t) study. (HJ.-GA?-aR2-.R%-3-

I did not (didn’t) study. (%?-aR2-.R%-3-L?,) L?,)

Did you study? (HJ.-GA?-aR2-.R%-L?-?3,) Did he study? (#R?-aR2-.R%-L?-?3,)

•259•
 He did not (didn’t) study. (#R?-aR2-.R%-3-L?,) Did they study? (#R-5S?-aR2-.R%-L?-?3,)

Did we study? (%-5S?-aR2-.R%-L?-?3,) They did not (didn’t) study. (#R-5S?-aR2-.R%-3-

We did not (didn’t) study. (%-5S?-aR2-.R%-3- L?,)

L?,)

$><-.%-,
1. have a good time /A-lJ.-/?-@-&%-*A.-0R-L%-2:A-.R/-;A/,

2. I think so. /A-%?-2v?-/-.J-:S-<J.-&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .J-=? so ;A?-SA-5B$-/%-2>.-0:A-$/?-5=-!R/-0-;A/-0?, .J-

/A I think they had a good time..%-.R/-:S,

home /A-L-2:A-i3-0-!R/-0:A-5B$-L?-/?-;=-5B$-+-2!R=-(R$-!J, Let’s go home. (%-5S-;=-=-:PR,)

3. When did you come home? (HJ.-<%-;=-=-/3-;R%-2-;A/,)

.-.%-.J-*A.-3A%-5B$-L?-/?-LJ.-0R-.%-;=-5B$-=-:)$-0:%-;R., 
Where is your home? (LJ.-0R-L?-0,) (HR.-GA-;=-$%-/-;R.,)

They love their new home. (;=-5B$-L?-0,) (#R-5S-<%-$A-#%-2-$?<-2-.J<-.$:,)

She isn’t at home. (.R<-2:A-;=-5B$) (#R-3R-;=-/-3A-:.$)

aR2-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, 
;A$-$?<,   
1. last /A-}R/-3:A-.R/-+J, last year /A-/-/A%-, last summer /A-/-/A%-$A-.L<-#, last week (month) /A-

$9:-:#R<(^)}R/-3:A-.R/-;A/,
2. ago /A-.?-5S.-&A$-$A-}R/-=-8J?-0:A-.R/-+J, a week’s ago /A-$9:-:#R<-$&A$-$A-}R/-=-8J?-0-.%-, ten years’ ago 

/A-=R-2&:A-}R/-=-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

aR2-5/,
1. altogether /A-2#R3?-0?-GA-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, There are five of us altogether. (%-5S<-2#R3?-0?-3A-s-;R.,)

How much is it altogether? (2#R3?-0?-|R<-&A-43-;A/,)

•260•
2. both /A“$*A?-!”;A-.R/-+J, 52-5B$-;A/, 3A-.%-.%R?-0R-&A-<A$?-=-2!R=-(R$ .0J<-/, Both of us are from

England. (%J.-$*A?-!-.LA/-)A-2-;A/,) Both of the rooms are on the second floor. (#%-0-$*A?-!-*A?-,R$-

+-;R.,) I want both of them. (%-=-.J-$*A?-!-.$R?,) both =“.J-$*A?-!”;A-.R/-;%-;R.-.J, Both girls are new
students. (2-3R-.J-$*A?-!-aR2-3-$?<-2-<J.,) Both books are interesting. (.0J-(-.J-$*A?-!-;$-0R-<J.,) I’ll

take both rooms. (%?-#%-0-.J-$*A?-!-\-o-;A/,)

3. have got /A-;R.-0:A-.R/-+J, She has got a new recorder. (3R-=-1-12-:#R<-=R-$?<-2-8A$-;R.,) How many

English magazines have you got? (HJ.-=-.LA/-;A$-$A-.?-.J2-&A-43-,R2,) I haven’t got any

picture-books. (%-=-2f/-0<-.0J-(-3J.,)

{.-(, 
1. be ;A-:.?-0,

,A<-2+%-$A-=?-5B$-=-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-$&A$-#R-/-<J-;R.-3R., =?-5B$ be =-i3-0-$*A?-;R., $%-9$-.%-0R-.%-
$?3-0:A-(A$-P%?-= was 2!R=-.$R?->A%-, $8/-.$-=were 2!R=-.$R?, She was here last night. (#R-3R-
3.%-.$R%-:.A-<-;R.,) I was only a child then. ({2?-.J<-%-<%-LA?-0-8A$-;A/,) We were in the same class.
(%-5S-:6B/-9-$&A$-+-;R.,) We were young at that time. ({2?-.J<-%-5S-/-$8R/-<J.,) was .% were 2!R=-

2:A-.$$-5B$-.%-SA-5B$-$A-P2-!%?-/A is, are ;R.-0:A-SA-5B$-.%-:S-2-;A/, Was she a student here? (}R/-(.-#R-

3R-:.A-$:A-aR2-3-AJ-<J.,) Were they at home? (#R-5S-;=-/-;R.-.3,) I wasn’t in Beijing. ({2?-.J<-%-<%-0J-
&A/-.-3J.,) The rooms were not very big. (#%-0-:.A-.$-@-&%-(J/-0R-3-<J.,)
2. could /A can ;A-:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-;A/-=, .J:A-.$$-5B$ could not o/-0<-2#?-/? couldn’t v<-:VA-2-;A/,

$><-.%-,
:SA-$8A-s-2:A-=/,
1) were 2) was 3) were 4) was 5) was 6) were 7) was 8) were 9) was
10)were
Our homework is corrected by the teachers.

•261•
 aR2-5/-*J<-$?3-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. flat /A-3=-#%-.%-3PR/-#%-?R$?-;R%?-?-5%-2:A-#%-0-$&A$-$A-.R/-;A/-=, o/-0<-3PR/-#%-.%-, $9A3-#%-, O?-

#%-, $;R?-#%-2&?-;R.-0:A-#%-0-=-9J<-8A%-, A-3J-<A-!-< apartment 9J<-=, :.A-:S:A-#%-2lJ$?-= apartment

house 9J<, 

2. neighborhood ;A?-*J-2:A-3,:-:#R<-!R/-0-;A/-=, neighbor /A-HA3-35K?-GA-.R/-;A/,

3. in front of /A-.R<-5B$-&A$-.%-:S-8A%-, o/-0<-?-$/?-?3-.?-5S.-&A$-:SJ/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, Who sits in front

of you? (HJ.-GA-3./-/-?-8A$-2#.-;R.,) There were a few trees in front of the house. (#%-0:A-3./-/-#R%-

2R-:$:-;R.,)

aR2-5/, 
When it rained /%-., it ;A?-$/3-$>A?-,A<-2!/-0-;A/, it 2!R=-/?-.?-5S.-.%-$/3-$>A?,       

  #R<-;$-?R$?-!R/-,2, .0J<-/, What time is it? (.?-5S.-.-<J.,) It is summer now. (.-v-.L<-#-<J.,)

Does it often rain there? (.J-<-o/-0<-(<-2-:22-0-;A/-/3,) Was it a fine day? (*A/-.J:A-$/3-$>A?-

29%-%3,) Is it very quiet here? (:.A-<-@-&%-#-?A3-0-<J.,)

{.-(, 
1. Have a look at it /A“=-2v-2”;A-.R/-;A/, have /A-3A%-5B$-.%-3*3-.-2!R=-/-L-,R.-&A$-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, 

Have a rest.(%=-$?R-LJ.,) Have a good sleep. ($*A.-8A3-0R-8A$-=R$) Have a walk. (:(3-:(3-=-:PR)

Have a bath (O?-LJ.,) Have a try. (5S.-v-8A$-LJ.,)

2.& ;A?-.LA/-|R<-!R/-0-;A/, .J-/A $ ;A?-A-|R<-!R/-0-.%-:S,

3. Have the last word. /A“,$-$&R.-.2%-(-;R.-0”.%“2>.-0-/%-28A/”IA-.R/-<J.,

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
1. use /A-2!R=-2:A-.R/-;A/-=, take out of /A“(#%-2:A)KA-<-HJ<-2”;A-.R/-;A/,

•262•
2. What is …like? /A“(2eR.-L-.%R?-0R-.J);A-5$?-!-&A-:S-<J.”&J?-0:A-.R/,

$><-.%-, 
A%-!A-[R$-,2?, aR2-5/-2&-28A-2-<-$/?-$?3-P%?-GA-A%-!A-[R$-,2?-2>.-9A/, $=-+J-$/?-P%?-3%-/, ,R$-
3<-#$-2$R?-/?-KA?-?-}R/-IA-$/?-$?3-<J:A-353?-=-g$?“,”VA?-+J, #$-<J-<J-v<-[R$-.$R?, $><-.%-s-2?-
$/?-S$-5/-IA-A%-!A-[R$-,2?-2!/-;R., $=-+J-$/?-S$-;/-;A/-/, million (?-;), billion (.%-K<-2&) ?R$?-
2!R=-.$R?, .0J<-/, 
5,000,000 five million
160,000,000 one hundred and sixty million
1,000,000,000 one billion
120,000,000,000 one hundred and twenty billion.
$R%-28A/-!/-=-<A$?-21J?-0<-L,

aR2-5/-*J<-28A-2, 
aR2-5/, 
1. Tupelo /A-PR%-#J:A-3A%-.%-, Mississippi /A-#=-IA-3A%-;A/, .LA/-;A$-/%-.-?-(-(%-2:A-3A%-}R/-=-:VA-2-;A/,

2. things ;A?-$/?-5=-,A-2!/-0-=?-.%R?-0R-8A$-(J.-.-!R/-0-3-;A/, .0J<-/, How are things at home? (;=-IA-

$/?-5=-&A-:S-<J.,)
3. Hollywood /A-@R-=J-2R=-+J-A-3J-<A-!:A-\R$-2f/-L-2:A-vJ-2-;A/,

4. (J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-!J-3A:A-3A%-.%-, ?-$/?, l-:6$?-2&?-GA-3A%-/A-aR2-5/-:.A-<-&%-3%-!J, Presley, Memphis,

the U. S. Army, Hollywood ?R$?-;R., (J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-,R$-3-.J-/3-;%-$92-VA?-

LJ.-.$R?, 
$><-.%-,
1. then =-{2?-:$<“{2?-.J<”8J?-0:A-.R/-;R.,

2. the day before yesterday /A-#J-*A/-IA-.R/,

3. be interested in /A“…=-.$:-0R-;R.-0:A”.R/,

4. memorize (learn …by heart)   ]R<-29%-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/,

•263•
.R<-5B$-2>.-0, 
1. .R<-5B$-/A-#J<-n%-.-2!R=-3A-(R$-=, %J?-0<-.-3A%-5B$(;%-/-3A%-5B$-.%-KR$?-3,/-5B$-$8/-?R$?) .%-z/-.-

5B$-,%-8A$-P2-0<-L?-/?, 5B$-b%-/%-$A-5B$-$8/-2<-IA-:VJ=-2-!R/-0-;A/, .R<-5B$-$A?-#-KR$?-.%-
$/?-?, .?-5S.-!R/-0-=?-$8/-.J-.$-.%-=?-5B$ o/-5B$ 3A%-5B$-2<-.-$+/-:#J=-IA-.R<-=$?->A$-;R., 
(1) #-KR$?-!R/-0-/A, to the room (#%-0-.J-=,), into the room (#%-0:A-/%-=,), from the room (#%-0-.J-/?,),

out of the room (#%-0:A-KA,), through the room (#%-0-.J-2o.-/,) ?R$?-;R., 

(2) $/?-!R/-0-/A, on the table (3./-&R$-!J%-/,) under the table (3./-&R$-:R$-/,) beside the table (3./-&R$-

$A-:P3-/,) in front of the table (3./-&R$-$A-3./-/,) behind the table (3./-&R$-$A-v$-o2-/,) in the
table (3./-&R$-$A-/%-/,)?R$?-;R., 

(3) .?-5S.-!R/-0-/A, at two o’clock (.?-5S.-$*A?-0:A-!J%-,) in the morning (}-SR<,) on Monday ($9:-^-2:A-

*A/,) in a week ($9:-:#R<-$&A$-$A-/%-,) in a month (^-$&A$-$A-/%-,) in spring (.JA.-!<,) in a year (=R-

$&A$-$A-/%-,) during holidays (.?-(J/-IA-{2?-?,)?R$?-;R.,
(4) =?-5B$-.%-2#J2?-/-=?-5B$-.%-:S-2:A-5B$-,%-8A$-P2-0-/A, ask for (SA?,) belong to (…=-$+R$?,) put on

(!J%-=-28$) call on (2R?,) get to (…<-,R/,)?R$?-;R.,

(5) o/-5B$-.%-3*3-.-.R<-2-/A, afraid of (0$) good at (29%-,) full of (2!%-2,) careful with (.R$?-9R/-LJ.,)

angry with (OR-2,) proud of (%-o=-*J?-0,) short of (,%-,%-,) kind of (<A$?,)?R$?-;R.,

(6) 3A%-5B$-.%-3*3-.-.R<-2-/A, look at (=-vR?,) love for (.$:-2,) hate for (#%-2,) interest in (3R-$%-;R.-0,)

struggle against (@<-2lR/-IA?-%R-cR=-LJ.-0,) reason for (o-35/,) victory over (o=-#-,R2-0,)?R$?-;R.,

2. .R<-5B$-&/-IA-5B$-,%-,

.R<-5B$-.%-3A%-5B$-$A?-P2-0:A-5B$-,%-=-.R<-5B$-&/-IA-5B$-,%-9J<-=, LJ.-/?-3A-:S-2-:L%-,2, (g$?-2o2-;R.-
0-/A-.R<-5B$-;A/,)
(1) =?-5B$-.%-o/-5B$-$A-}R/-=-.<-/?-i3-0-.%-5., .?-5S., $/?-?-?R$?-$?=-:.R/-LJ.-0:A-/?-0-:L%-,2-

0-.0J<-/, 

•264•
 At the age of 13 he moved to Memphis. ($/?- ?- !R/- LJ.,) (#R- <%- =R- 2&- $?3- IA- !J%- .- 3J3- nA- ?A- =- $/?- %<,)

After that, things happened quickly. (.?-5S.-!R/-LJ.,) (.J:A-$8$-/?-$/?-5=-=-:I<-wR$-(J/-0R-L%-,)

(2) 3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-=-.<-/?-#R%?-$+R$?-.%-<%-28A/, P%?-5.-?R$?-3%R/-0<-LJ.-0:A-/?-0-:L%-,2-0-.0J<-/, 

His songs started a new period of American music. (a new period ;A-#R%?-$+R$?-2!/-;R.,) (#R:C-

\-.L%?-GA?-A-3J-<A-!:A-<R=-.L%?-GA-.?-{2?-$?<-2-8A$-$A-:$R-24$?,)
He died August 16, 1977 in his home in Memphis.
(his home 3%R/-0<-L?-;R.) (#R-<%1977 =R:C-^8 0:A-5K?16*A/-3J3-nA-?J-<-;R.-0:A-HA3-/?-{-$>J$?,)

(3) =?-5B$ be, look ?R$?-o/-0<-3A%-5B$-.%-o/-5B$ ;%-/-5B$-<A$?-$8/-.%-5B$-,%-.%-z/-.-2!R=-/-eR.-5B$-

P2-&A%-$4S-5B$-$A-H.-g$?-.%-$/?-?R$?-!R/-0-;A/, Is this house for sale? (#%-0-:.A-24S%-o-;A/-/3,) He

was in Shanghai last week. (#R-<%-$9:-:#R<-}R/-3:A-/%-Z%-@J<-;R.,)

She is in Class Five. (3R-<%-:6B/-9-s-2<-;R.,)

aR2-5/-*J<-s-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. instead /A-o/-0< of .%-3*3-.-2!R=-2-;A/-=, .J:A-.R/-/A-52-+-8J?-0-.%-:S, {2?-:$<-G%-:%-;%-$?3-.-

2+<-.$R?-0:%-;R.-.J, Instead of finding gold, he found ideas there for his books and stories. (#R?-.J-
$-/?-$?J<-3-fJ.-G%-.0J-(-.%-$+3-o.-:VA-2:A-2?3-]R-*J?-;R%-2-<J.,) Instead of flying there, she went by
train. (.J-$<-:PR-2<-$/3-P<-3-2#.-0<-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-0-<J.,) {2?-:$< instead #R-/-2!R=-2:%-;R.-.J, 

She didn’t fly there. She went by train instead. (3R-<%-$/3-P<-3-2#.-0<-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-/?-.J-$<-KA/-

0-<J.,)
2. become /A-I<-2:A-.R/-;A/-=, .J:A-eJ?-?-3A%-5B$-$3-o/-5B$-S%?-/?-eR.-5B$-P2-0-;A/, .0J<-/, He became

rich and famous. (o/-5B$-S%?-0,) (#R-<%-K$-0R-.%-3A%-P$?-&/-.-I<,)

She soon became a school-teacher. (3A%-5B$-S%?-0,) (3R-<%-3A-:I%?-2<-aR2-9:A-.$J-c/-.-I<,)

aR2-5/, 
•265•
 {.-(, 
1. Would you …/A-$?-2!<-IA-2>.-!%?->A$-;A/-=, o/-0<-$8/-=-=?-2&R=-LJ.-0:3-<J-2-8-{2?-2!R=-

2-;A/, .0J<-/, Would you ring me up tonight? (.R-.$R%-HJ.-GA?-%-=-#-0<-2o2-/-(R$-$3,) Would you

come to our party? (HJ.-<%-%-5S:C-.$R%-5S$?-=-8$?-,2-23,)

2. I’d be glad to. /AI’d be glad to tell her (that) you rang. (%?-3R-=-HR.-GA?-#-0<-2o2-;R%-8J?-2>.-(R$)&J?-

0:A-5B$-#.-;A/,

$><-.%-, 
be in his twenties /A“#R-<%-=R-5S.-*A->:A-/%-,”8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, .J-28A/-. be in her thirties (3R-<%-=R-5S.-?3-

&:A-/%-,) be in his fifties (#R-<%-=R-5S.-s-2&:A-/%-,)?R$?-=-<A$?-21J-(R$

:SA-$8A-2./-0:A-=/,
1) me (us, him, her, them) 5) me (us, her, him, you)
2) you (her, us, me, them) 6) us (me, them, him, her)
3) me (us, him, her) 7) me (him, her)
4) us (me) 8) you (him, her, them)

aR2-5/-*J<-S$-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. used to /A“}R/-(.” GA-.R/-;A/, :R/-G%-.-v-.J-v<-3A/-0-!R/, .0J<-/, We used to work together. (.-v-=?-

$/?-3A-3,/-0,)
2. lead =-:$R-OA.-0:A-.R/-;%-;R.,

aR2-5/, 
L?-9A/-.-v-2:A-2!R=-,2?,
1. L?-9A/-.-v-2-/A-$4S-2R<-$>3-IA-$/?-5=-<A$?-$?3-=-:)$-0-;A/,

•266•
(1) :.?-0:A-.?->A$-/?-.-v:A-2<-.-353?-3-(.-0:A-i3-0-!R/-0, She has lived with us since 1970. (3R-

<%1970=R-/?-%-5S-.%-3*3-.-2#.-0-;A/,) He has been in bed for a few days. (#R-<%-3=-?<-z%-!J-

*A/-:$:-:$R<,) They have been friends for many years. (#R-5S-=R-3%-0R:C-PR$?-0R-<J.,)

(2) $/:-/?-.-v:A-2<-.-L?-0:A-.R/-8A$-!R/-0:3-.-v:A-2<-IA-.?-;/-8A$-$A-/%-212-0:A-.R/-!R/-0, .0J<-/, I

have learned 500 words. (%?-,-~.500.%?-;R.,) She has written many stories. (#R-3R?-$+3-o.-3%-

0R-VA?,)
They have been there three times this year. (#R-5S-=R-:.A<-.J-$<-,J%?-$?3-=-?R%-,)

(3) }R/-(.-L%-2:A-.R/-.$-;A/-;%-.-v:A-.?-.J<->/->$?-;R.-0:A-.R/-!R/-0, .0J<-/, 

She has become a nurse. (She is now a nurse.) (3R-<%-/.-$;R$-&A$-+-I<,)

He has done his homework. (He is free. .-v-L-2-3J.-0,) (#R?-=?-L-VA?-5<,)

They have cleaned the room. (The room is now clean.) (#R-5S?-#%-0-.J<-$4%-4-L?,)

2. L?-9A/-.-v-2:A-P2-!%?,

L?- 9A/- .- v- 2- /A “=?- 5B$- $A- 5B$- PR$? have + :.?- 0:A- 3A%- n% ”$A?- P2- 0- ;A/- =, have /A- 2eR.- L:A- $%- 9$- .%-
2!/- /?- :I<- 2- ;A/, .J- ;%- $%- 9$- $?3- 0- n%- 2-= has 2!R=- .$R?- >A%- , $8/- .$- = have 2!R=- .$R?, :.?-
0:A- 3A%- n%- =:%- <A$?- $*A?- +J, $9$?- :I<- =?- 5B$- /A“=?- 5B$ + ed”v<- P2- 0- ;A/- 0?, :.?- 0:A- i3-
0- .%- :S- =, $9$?- 3A- :I<- 2:A- =?- 5B$- =- .3A$?- 2?=- IA- i3- 0- ;R., .J:A- KA<, =?- 5B$- <J- .%?- eJ?- .J- ;A- i3- 0-
<A$?- $?3-!J, .- v- 2:A- 3A%- n%- .%- , :.?- 5B$ :.?- 0:A- 3A%- n%- 2&?- 0- ]R<- %J?- 0- LJ.- .$R?, $><- .%- $A- :SA- $8A-
s-2:A-/%-$A-=?-5B$-$A-i3-0-i3?-<J-<J-28A/-]R<-%J?-0-LJ.-.$R?, 
3. L?-9A/-.-v-2:A-SA-5B$-.%-.$$-5B$

L?-9A/-.-v-2:A-12-5B$-.%-, .$$-0, SA-2:A-i3-0-i3?-<J:-3A$-+-2!R.-0-$>3-v<,
4. a few /A-:$:-8A$-$A-.R/-;A/, 

I have a few questions to ask. (%-=-SA-2-:$:-8A$-:SA-o-;R.,)

•267•
 12-5B$ .$$-5B$ SA-5B$
I have got it. I haven’t got it. Have I got it?
(%-=-.J-;R.,) (%-=-.J-3J.,) (%-=-.J-;R.-.3,)

You have got it. You haven’t got it. Have you got it?
(HJ.-=-.J-;R.,) (HJ.-=-.J-3J.,) (HJ.- =-.J-;R.-.3,)
He has got it. He hasn’t got it. Has he got it?
(#R-=-.J-;R.,) (#R-=-.J-3J.,) (#R-=-.J-;R.-3,)

She has got it. She hasn’t got it. Has she got it?
(#R-3R<-.J-;R.-.3,) (#R-3R<-.J-3J.,) (#R-3R<-.J-;R.-.3,)

We (You, They) have got it. (%-5S<- We (You, They) Have we (you, they)
haven’t got it. got it?
/HR./#R-5S<) .J-;R.-.3, (%-5S</HR.-5S</#R- (%-5S</HR.-5S</#R-

5S<) .J-3J., 5S<).J-   ;R.-.3,

I saw her a few days ago. (%?-3R-<%-*A/-:$:A-}R/-=-3,R%-2-;A/,)

5. hear /A-*/-0:A-.R/-;A/-+J,

I often hear him sing this song. (%?-#R:C-\-.L%?-:.A<-o/-.-*/-0-;A/,)

“hear somebody do something” ((J-$J-3R?-L-2-$-$J-3R-LJ.-0-,R?-0,) /A-5B$-P2-$&A$-+-2v?-/?-]R<-29%-2<-L,

6. harder /Ahard ;A-5.-3,R/-0R-;A/-=, o/-0< than .%-3*3-.-2!R=-2-;A/-8A%-, “…=?-.!:-5K$?-(J-

2”;A-.R/-;A/, :.A-<A$?-aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0-<-$?=-2R<-2!/-;R., 

{.-(, 
1. David Black speaking. /A-#-0<-o$-{2?-2>.-3#/-?-;A/-!R/-0:A-2eR.-!%?->A$-;A/-=, #-0<-o$-3#/

David Black ;A/-8J?-0:A-.R/,

2. have a word with … /A“….%-{.-(-2>.-0”;A-.R/-;A/,

3. Could you take a message? /%-$Acould /A can ;A-:.?-0-3-;A/-0<-2lA-2!<-IA-2>.-!%?->A$-;A/-=-.J:A-

/%-.R/-/A-1=-(J< can .%-:S, HJ.-GA?-{.-&A$-HJ<-(R$-$3-8J?-0:A-.R/-/R,,

•268•
 aR2-5/-*J<-2./-0, 
;A$-$?<,
BBC /ABritish Broadcasting Corporation ;A-2#?-5B$-!J, .LA/-)A:A-o%-1R$-?-5B$?->A$-$A-3A%-, 

aR2-5/, 
1 2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-{R<,

(1) .?-GA-i3-28$-$A-2*<-.R%-, 

3A$-}<-%-5S?-.LA/-;A$-/%-o/-0<-2!R=-2:A-.?-GA-/%-$?J?-=?-<A$?-s-!J, ,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2-.%-, ,A<-2+%-
$A-:.?-0, ,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0, LJ.-28A/-.-v-2, L?-9A/-.-v-2-i3?-.%?-9A/-0?, .J-.$-$A-2!R=-,2?-$4S-2R-
KR$?-2#?-|R?-2>.-/,   
 
.?-GA-/%-$?J?, 2!R=-,2?-$4S-2R,
,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2,   o/-w/-<%-28A/-IA-L-,R.-.3-.-v:A-i3-0, 2eR.-L:A-.%R?-0R:C-H.-(R?-2&?-!R/-0-;A/, 
,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0,   }R/-(.-L%-2:A-.R/-.$-!R/-0,
,A<-2+%-$A-3-:R%?-0, 3-:R%?-0<-:L%-o:A-.R/-L-!R/-0, 
LJ.-28A/-.-v-2,      .-v:A-$/?-{2?-.J<-LJ.-28A/-0:A-L-,R.-!R/-0, 
L?-9A/-.-v-2,   .-v:A-$/?-{2?-.J:A-}R/-IA-.?-;/-/%-L%-2:A-$/?-5=-=3-}R/-(.-L%-2-;A/-;%-.-v:A-$/?-
{2?-.J-=->/->$?-;R.-0:A-L-,R.-!R/-0,
.LA/-;A$-$A-.?-GA-i3-28$-/A-@-&%-$=-(J-!J, 1=-(J<-5B$-<J-<J-.?-GA-$/.-.R/-.%-:VJ=-;R.-0?, .J-.$-$A-
2!R=-,2?-=-;A.-:)R$-$92-//-L?-/-.-$9R.-.J-.$-;%-.$-|R?-2!R=->J?-0-<J., 
2. =?-5B$-$A-i3-0-s,

=?-5B$-<J-aR2-{2?-.J-;A-i3-0-s-2R-;%-;A.-=-:6B/-.$R?, 
(1) .-v-2, (=?-5B$-n%-2,)

(2) :.?-0, ($9$?-3A-:I<-2:A-=?-5B$-$A-3,:-< ed .<-+J-P2-0-;A/,)

•269•
(3) :.?-0:A-3A%-n%-, ($9$?-3A-:I<-2:A-=?-5B$-$A-3,:-< ed .<-+J-P2-0-;A/,)

(4) .-v-2:A-3A%-n%-, (=?-5B$-n%-2:A-3,:-< ing .<-+J-P2-0,)

(5) $%-9$-$?3-0:A-(A$-n%-$A-.-v-2, (=?-5B$-n%-2:A-3,:-< s .<-+J-P2-0-;A/,)

=?-5B$-$A-3,:-< ed .% ing, s 2&?-.R<-{2?-3*3-:}R$-L-.$R?-0-$>3-IA-<J:-3A$-v<, 

.J-=?-$8/, ;A-$J-3,:-3 s, z, x, ch, sh ;A/-0:A-=?-5B$-$A-3,:-< es .<-/, $%-9$-$?3-0-(A$-n%-$A-,A<-

2+%-$A-.-v-2-P2-0-;A/,   
$/?-5=, ed .R<-,2?, -ing .R<-,2?, -s .R<-,2?,

,A<-2+%-$A-$/?-5=, ,.-!<-.R<-2, ,.-!<-.R<-2, ,.-!<-.R<-2,

3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-8A$-$A- -d #R-/-.R<-2, e .R<-+J -ing .R<-2, ,.-!<-.R<-2,

eJ?-? e .<-+J-3)$-
21A=-2:A-,-~.,
1-S$-0R<-[R$-0:A-93- 3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-*A?-:VA- 3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-*A?-:VA- ,.-!<-.R<-2, 
0:A-1-$.%?-GA-eJ?-?- L?-+J-ed .R<-2, L?-+J-ing.R<-2,
3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$-#R-
/-;R.-0,
3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J:A-eJ?-? y .J i <-2&R?-/?-.R<-2, ,.-!<-ing .R<-2, y .J i <-2&R?-

y ;A?-3)$-21A=- /?  -es .R<-

2:A-,-~., 2,
l ;A-3)$-21A=-2:A-,- .LA/-)A-/? l *A?-:VA- .LA/-)A-/? l *A?-:VA- ,.-!<-.R<-2,
~., L?-+J-ed .R<-2-;A/-=,  L?-+J-ing .R<-=, A-
A-<A?-*A?-:VA-3A-LJ., <A?-*A?-:VA-3A-LJ.,
$R%-$A-i3-0-:.A-.$-L%-(2-0-LJ.-.$R?, $><-.%-$A-:SA-$8A-S$-0-<-i3-0-:.A-.$-2*<-.%-L?-;R., 

•270•
3. next door neighbor /A-*J-:P3-IA-HA3-35K?-GA-.R/,

4. the month after next .% the week after next ?R-?R-/A“^-2-eJ?-3:A-eJ?-3”.%“$9:-:#R<-eJ?-3:A-eJ?-

3”;A-.R/-;A/, 
5. have been to /A“(?-(-$-$J-3R<),R/-0”:3-;%-/“(}R/-+$-+$-=)?-(-$-$J-3R<-?R%-2”;A-.R/, 

What’s on? /A“!R/-28A/-0:A-\R$-2f/-&A-<J.”&J?-0:A-.R/, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
1. my aunt’s /A“%:A-Y-3R-5%”$A-.R/-;A/,

2. a couple of /A-(-8A$-$3-$&A$-$*A?-<J:A-.R/, .0J<-/, I’ll stay there for a couple of days. (%-<%-.J-$-<-*A/-<J-

$*A?-=-:.$-o-;A/,)

aR2-5/-*J<-2o.-0, 
aR2-5/, 
1. I’ve just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 8J?-0:A-5B$-:.A-=? Tim ;A? my brother ?-;A/-0-

2!/-;R., .J:A-.R/-/A-%-=-%/-,A-:3-IA-:UA/-;A$-&A$-:LR<-3-,$-;A/, :.A-.%-(-:S-2-3%-.-;R.-0-.0J<-/,
My teacher, Professor Jones, is from Britain. (%:A-.$J-c/-+J-.$J-c/-(J/-3R-)R/-?A-/A-.LA/-)A-/?-;R%-2-;A/,)

This is Mary, my younger sister. (:.A-/A-3-<R?-+J-%:A-YA%-3R-;A/,)

He has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia. (#R-<%-AR-?A-NA-;:A-vJ-2<-;R.-0:A-

PR%-h=-(%-(%-8A$-!J Alice Springs =-?R%-;R.,)

2. A number of /A“3%-0R” ;A-.R/, number ;A-}R/-=-o/-5B$-G%-.<-(R$

A number of people come to this city every year. (PR%-HJ<-:.A-=-=R-<J<-3A-3%-0R-;R%-2-;A/,)

He bought a large number of books. (.0J-(-3%-0R,) (#R?-.0J-(-3%-0R-8A$-*R?,)

Only a small number of students like it. (aR2-3-*%->?->A$-.J-=-.$:-2-;A/,)

•271•
{.-(, 
1. We’d like /A we would like ;A?-2#?-:VA-;A/, would like ;%-2lA-2!<-IA-2>.-!%?->A$-;A/, .0J<-/, I’d

like to have a talk with you. (%?-HJ.-=-#-2h-8A$-LJ.-:.R.,) $=-+J want 2!R=-;R.-/-2lA-2!<-.J-:S-3-

L?-0:A-.R/-;A/, 
2. Stay for another month /A“.-.%-^-$&A$-=-:.$-0”;A-.R/-;A/, another 2!R=-/?-o/-0<

“.-.%-…$&A$…”$A-.R/-!R/-0-;A/-+J, 

Have another cup of tea.(.-.%-)-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-<R$?,)

I’ll tell you another story. (%?-HJ.-=-.-.%-$+3-o.-&A$-2>.,)

3. See as much as we can /A“%-5S?-2v-,2-5S.-&A$-v-2”;A-.R/-;A/, as much as we can /A“%-5S?-tR$?-5.”

GA-.R/-;A/, Try to eat as much as you can. (29:-,2-5S.-&A$-9R,)

Tell me as much as you can. (HJ.-GA?->J?-5S.-&A$->R.,)

$><-.%-,
1. Why don’t you …? /A“HJ.-GA?-&A:A-KA<-3A(LJ.)…”GA-.R/-;A/-=, :.A-2!R=-/?-<%-$A-2?3-!%?-2eR.-(R$

2. not yet /A“.-.%-3J.(3A/-?R$?)”GA-.R/, 5B$-b%-ZA=-2R-/A“I have not …it yet.”;A/, #-{.-/%-.-o/-0<-2#?-+J-

2eR.-0-;A/,   

aR2-5/-*J<-.$-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. different /A-o/-5B$-;A/-8A%-, “3A-:S-2:A”.R/-;A/, They live in different buildings. (#R-5S-3A-:S-2:A-,R$-#%-.-

2#.-;R.,) We have different problems. (%-5S<-3A-:S-2:A-$/.-.R/-;R.,)

difference /A-.J-;A-3A%-5B$-$A-i3-0-;A/, .J-;A?“H.-0<”IA-.R/-!R/-+J, What’s the difference between the two

words? (;A-$J-:.A-$*A?-GA-H.-0<-&A-<J.,)

•272•
aR2-5/,
1. have got
have got /A-.LA/-;A$-/%-o/-0<-2!R=-2:A-5B$-P2-&A$-;A/-=, .J:A-/%-.R/-1=-(J< have .%-3,/-

8A%-, #-{.-/%-.->A/-+-2!R=-H2-(J,
Have you got (= Do you have) a TV-set? (HJ.-=-2f/-:UA/-;R.-.3,)

Who has got (= Who has) a typewriter? (?-=-362-$/R/-t$?-.0<-;R.,)

He hasn’t got (= He doesn’t have) much money. (#R-=-|R<-3R-3%-0R-3J.,)

:.A-<A$?-GA-P2-!%?-,.-/?-L?-9A/-.-v-2-.%-3,/-0-;A/, 
2. L?-9A/-.-v-2-.J-.0J<-/“L-2-$-$J-3R-8A$-L%-eJ?”8J?-0:A-.?-!R/-LJ.-.-;%-:I<-+J, 

Return the book to me when you have finished reading it. (.0J-(<-2v?-5<-eJ?-%-=-LA/,)

We’ll leave when the rain has stopped. ((<-2-:22-353?-28$-eJ?-%-5S-:PR,) 8J?-0-v-2:R,,

3. Two years older than Ted ;A? Ted =?-=R-$*A?-GA-(J-2-2!/, 5B$-b%-:.A-<A$?-=-aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0<-:PJ=-

2>.-L?-;R., 
4. Same /A-o/-0< as .%-3*3-.-2!R=-2-;A/,

She is in the same class as Rose.(3R-.% Rose/A-:6B/-9-$&A$-+-;R.,) I have the same question as you. (%-

=-HR.-GA-$/.-.R/-.%-3,/-0:A-SA-2-;R.,)
{.-(, 
How much is (are)…? /A-.%R?-0R-*R-{2?-3%-.-2!R=-2:A-<A/-$R%-:SA-!%?-;A/, .J:A-.R/-/A“…=-|R<-3R-&A-

43-;A/”8J?-0:R,, .0J<-/, 
How much is this camera? (0<-(?-:.A-=-|R<-&A-43-;A/,)

How much is it a pound? (1R/-$&A$-=-|R<-&A-43-.$R?,)

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
one 2!R=-/?-}R/-=-\J%-9A/-0:A-.%R?-0R-.J-%R?-29%-L?-(R$-!J,

•273•
 Has he got a car? No, he hasn’t got one at present. (#R-=-_%?-:#R<-(%-2-;R.-.3-3J., #R-=-.-v:%-3J.,)

Will he got one(=a car) next year? (#R?-KA-=R<-*R-o-AJ-<J.,)

one ;A?“.%R?-0R-$&A$”!R/-0:%-;R.-=, “.J”8J?-2+<-(R$

I want the red one. (%-=-.3<-0R-.J-.$R?,)

Which ones do you want? (HJ.-=-$%-.$-.$R?,)

$><-.%-, 
1. 2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-.%-2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$

3A%-5B$-=-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-.%-2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-2&?-<A$?-$*A?-?-.$<-(R$-=, #-P%?-=J/-,2-0:A-
3A:3-.%R?-0R-!R/-0-/A-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-;A/, #-P%?-=J/-,2?-3J.-0:A-.%R?-0R-!R/-0-/A-2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-;A/,   
.0J<-/, boy(s), room(s), apple(s) ?R$?-/A-2P%-,2-3A%-5B$-;A/,  water, gas, food ?R$?-/A-2P%-3A/-3A%-

5B$-;A/, 2P%-3A/-3A%-5B$-=-,A<-2+%-.-3%-5B$-$A-i3-0-3J.-=, 3%-0R-8A$-!R/-0< much 2!R=-2-=? many

2!R=-3A-(R$ $><-.%-$A-:SA-$8A-S$-0?-3A%-5B$-<A$?-:.A->/-:LJ.-0<-<R$?-<3-LJ.-,2, 
2. :SA-$8A-S$-0:A-=/, 
1) much 2) many 3) much 4) much 5) many
6) much 7) much 8) many 9) many 10) much

aR2-5/-?3-2&-2,
;A$-$?<, 
1. not any more /A“;%-2*<-3A(LJ.)”GA-.R/-;A/, 

.0J<-/, He isn’t interested in it any more. (.-v-#R-<%-.J-=-.$:-0R-3A-:.$)

aR2-5/, 
1. .LA/-;A$-$A-=?-5B$-<%-.2%-.%-$8/-.2%-$A-{.-.R.-<A$?-$*A?-;R.-=, <%-.2%-{.-.R.-GA?-2eR.-L:A-$%-9$-.J-

L-,R.-GA-lR=-2-:.R/-3#/-;A/-0-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, 
He wrote a book. (#R?-.0J-(-8A$-VA?-0-<J.,)

•274•
 $=-+J-2eR.-L:A-$%-9$-$A-L-,R.-2!/-0-3A/-0<, $%-9$-.J-L-,R.-MR%-3#/-;A/-0-!R/-0-/A-$8/-.2%-
{.-.R.-;A/, .0J<-/, 
The book was written by a soldier. (.0J-(-:.A-/A-.3$-3A-8A$-$A?-VA?-0-<J.,)

$8/-.2%-{.-.R.-/A“be + :.?-0:A-3A%-n%-,” v<-P2-0-;A/, :.A:A-.?-GA-.LJ-2-/A-=?-5B$ be ;A?-!R/-0-;A/, 

What language is spoken there? (.J-$-<-2J.-,R.-0:A-{.-<A$?-$%-<J.,)

The camera was made in China. (0<-(?-:.A-/A-N%-$R?-29R?-0-<J.,)

A new house will be built here. (:.A-<-#%-0-$?<-2-8A$-2lA$-o-<J.,)

The bicycle is being sent to his home by train. (t$?-g-.J-3J-:#R<-IA?-#R-5%-$A-KR$?-=-*J=-28A/-0:A-|%-

<J.,)
The book has been translated into many languages. (.0J-(-:.A-{.-<A$?-3%-0R-8A$-=-2+<-9A/,)

2. :.?-0:A-3A%-n%-$A?-:.R.-]R-8A$-$3-i3-0:%-!R/-,2-!J, 

He is not worried any more. (#R?-?J3?-:#<-3%-0R-LJ.-GA/-3J.,)

Ted was most surprised. (,J-+A->A/-+-;-35<-2-<J.,)

They are very interested in the work. (#R-5S-=?-!-:.A<-@-&%-.$:-28A/-;R.,)

The door is closed. (|R-.J-$+/-;R.,)

:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-$A?-.-.%-3A%-5B$-$?=-:.R/-LJ.-/?->A%-, o/-0<-.J-=-$8/-.2%-$A-/%-.R/-;R.,
the stolen bicycle (2b?-?R%-2:A-t$?-g,)

closed door (|R-$+/,)

3. had been found /A“fJ.-9A/-0”;A-.R/-;A/, :.A-/A-$8/-.2%-{.-.R.-GA-L?-9A/-:.?-0-;A/-=, :.A-;A?-:.?-

0:A-.?-5S.-$-$J-3R-8A$-=-L-,R.-$-$J-3R-8A$-mR$?-9A/-0-!R/-0-;A/, 

{.-(, 
are to be put up next year ;A?“KA-=R<-28J%?-o”8J?-0-!R/-0-;A/, “be + %J?-3A/-5B$”;A?-o/-0<-3-:R%?-0:A-

L-,R.-&A$-!R/-0-;A/, 

•275•
How are we to go there? (%-5S-.J-$<-)A-v<-:PR-o-;A/,)

Who is to do the work? (??-=?-!-:.A-LJ.-o-;A/,)

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
aR2-5/-:.A-<-L%-2:A-(J.-2+$?-3A%-5B$-:$:A-[R$-,2?,
Germany /'dZ3:m@ni/ :)<-3/, Italian /i't&li@n/ AA-,-=A:A-{.,

German /%dZ3:m@n / :)<-3/-IA-{., Holland /'hOl@nd/ @R-=/,

Spain /'spein/ ?A-0/, Dutch /dVtS/ @R-=/-IA-{.,

Spanish /'sp&niS/ ?A-0/-IA-{., Mexico /'meksik@u/ 3J-?A-#R,

France /fra:ns, fr&ns/ n-</-?A, Belgium 0J-&?,

French /fr&ntS/ n-</-?A:A-{., Austria /'Ostri@/ AR-OJ:, 

 
aR2-5/-?R-$&A$-0,
aR2-5/, 
1. 2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-{R<, 

(1) o/-5B$-.%-2$/-5B$-=-$>A2-2#<-<A3-0-.%-(J?-3,R:C-<A3-0-$*A?-;R.-=, $>A2-2#<-<A3-0?“… …=?(3,R-

2)”!R/-8A%-, (J?-3,R:C-<A3-0?“(J?-3,R-2”!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/, hard, harder (.!:-#$-:VA%-43-;R.-0,)   

  hardest (@-&%-.!:-#$-(J-2,)  old, older (=R-/-3,R-2,) oldest (=R-/-(J?-3,R-2,)  early, earlier (&%-

43-}-2,) earliest (@-&%-}-2,)
$>A2-2#<-<A3-0:A-,-~.-/A-o/-0<-4J=-5B$-.%-3*3-.-2!R=-/?“….%-2#<-/…”8J?-0-!R/-0-;A/, 
Life was harder then than it is today. ({2?-.J:A-:5S-2-/A-.-v-=?-.!:-#$-(J-2-8A$-<J.,)

She is older than me. (3R-<%-%-=?-=R-3,R,)

He gets up earlier than I do. (#R-<%-%-=?-;<-=%?-},)

(J?-3,R:A-<A3-0:A-,-~.-2!R=-;R.-{2?-o/-0<-.J-*A.-2#<-;=-IA-H2-#R%?->A$-2!/-;R., 
She is the oldest among us. (3R-/A-%-5S:C-P?-/?-=R-/-(J?-3,R-2-;A/,)

•276•
 In our room he gets up (the) earliest. (%-5S:C-#%-0:A-/%-/?-#R-<%-3=-=?-=%?-(J?-},)

2. $>A2-2#<-<A3-0-.%-(J?-3,R:C-<A3-0:A-P2-5=,   

(1) 1-$.%?-$&A$-&/-IA-,-~.-= er .% est .R<-2, 

small smaller smallest

young younger youngest
$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-3,:-3 e ;A/-0:A-,-~.-GA-3,:-< er .%-;%-/st .R<-.$R?,   
large larger largest
late later latest
 93-0:A-1-$.%?-&/-IA-,-~.-=?-$=-+J-3)$-3,:-<-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J-$&A$-#R-/-;R.-/-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-.J-*A?-:VA-
LJ.-.$R?, 
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
(2) 3)$-3,:-/A-3A%-$8A:A-;A-$J +y ;A/-/, y .J   i <-2&R?-/?-3)$-+   er .%   st .R<-2,   
busy busier busiest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
(3) ,A<-2+%-$A-1-$.%?-$*A?-&/-/3-1-$.%?-3%-0R-&/-IA-,-~.-GA-}R/-= more .%   most .<-/?-<A3-
0-.$-!R/-0-;A/,   
successful more successful most successful
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
,-~.-:$:-=-.3A$?-2?=-IA-$>A2-2#<-<A3-0-.%-(J?-3,R:C-<A3-0:A-i3-0-;R., 
good better best
bad worse worst
many (much) more most
little less least
  $><-.%-/%-$A-:SA-$8A-s-2?-i3-0-:.A-.$-;A.-=-:6B/-0<-<R$?-<3-LJ.-,2, 
3. ,-~.-3(/-:PJ=, 

(1) millions .% hundreds, thousand i3?-A%-!A:A-/%-2!R=-{2?-o/-0<-(A$-P%?-v<-LJ.-0-;R.,

nine hundred teachers (.$J-c/-.$-2o,) six million books (.0J-(-?-;-S$)

twenty thousand students (aR2-3-OA-$*A?,)

(2) all the year round /A“=R-ZA=-2R”;A-.R/-;A/, 

•277•
 It’s hot there all the year round. (.J-<-=R-ZA=-2R<-5-2-(J,)

They work in the fields all the year round. (#R-5S?-=R-ZA=-2R<-8A%-/%-.-%=-lR=-LJ.-0-;A/,)

(3) which was spoken in Italy 2,000 years ago ;A?“{.-<A$?-:.A-/A(=-RA/-{.)=R-*A?-!R%-$A-;<-}R/-=-AA-,-=A?-

2!R=-2:A-{.-(-;A/”8J?-0:A-.R/-!R/, :.A-=?“Which” /A-:VJ=-2:A-52-5B$-;A/, 

{.-(:A-.%-$8A,   
    as…as    ;A?“….%-:S-2”!R/-0-;A/, 
I’m as busy as you. (%-/A-HR.-.%-:S-2<-VJ=-2-(J,)

I don’t speak English as well as Tenzen. (%?-2!/-:6B/-IA-.LA/-{.-.J-:S-;$-0R-o$-3A->J?,)

aR2-5/-?R-$*A?-0, 
;A$-$?<,
1. gentleman /A-*J?-0:A-8J-?:A-3A%-;A/-=, “{-82?”8J?-2+<-(R$ This gentleman wants to see you. ({-

82?-:.A?-HJ.-=-,$-.$R?-9J<,)
2. Ladies and gentleman, attention please. (t3-3R-i3-0-.%-{-82?-i3-0?-,$?-3*3-:)R$-0<-8,)

aR2-5/,
1. ,A<-/ who ;A-.R/-/A“?”;A/-3R., :R/-G%-5B$-#->?-? who ;A?-}R/-=-2!/-0:A-3A-35S/-LJ.-GA-;A-$J:A-52-LJ.-0-;A/, 

.0J<-/,  Do you know the girl who came here this morning? (.-/%?-:.A-<-;R%-2:A-2-3R-.J-HJ.-GA?-%R-

>J?-?3,)
Those students who want to go can write down their names here. (:PR-:.R.-0:A-aR2-3-.$-$A?-:.A-<-

3A%-,R-:$R.-0<-8,)
2. ,A<-/which /A“$%”.%-, that ;A-.R/-/A“.J”;A/-3R., :R/-G%-5B$-=-=-<which .% that ;A?-}R/-=-(R?-0:A-.%R?-0R-

35S/-LJ.-GA-;A-$J:A-52-LJ.-0-;A/, .0J<-/, 
It’s a small plane which can carry seven passengers. (.J-/A-:P=-28.-0-2./-,J$-0:A-$/3-P-(%-(%-

8A$-;A/,)
•278•
 We’d better catch the train that leaves at 7:30. (<2-;A/-/-%-5S?-.?-5S.-2./-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-2*R.-0:A-

3J-:#R<-IA-eJ?-(R.-/-=J$?,)
3. $>3-$?=-v<-IA-5B$-b%-/%-.-o/-0< whom .% which, that i3?-2#?-+J-3-VA?-G%-(R$

This is the man (whom) you want to see. (:.A-/A-HJ.-=-,$-:.R.-0:A-3A-.J-<J.,)

Is this the radio (which) you bought? (:.A-/A-HJ.-GA?-*R?-0:A-1-#.-:#R<-=R-;A/-/3,)

Here are the books (that) you left here. (:.A-/A-HJ.-GA?-2*<-2:A-.0J-(-.$-<J.,)

4. ,A<-/ where /A“(?-()$%”.%-, when /A“.?-/3” IA-.R/-;A/-3R., :R/-G%-5B$-b%-#->?-?where IA?-.J-}R/-IA-;A-

$J?-!R/-0:A-?-$/?-.J-!R/-=, when IA?-.J:A-}R/-IA-;A-$J?-2!/-0:A-.?-5S.-.J-!R/-0-;A/, 
This is the room where we stayed last year. (:.A-/A-/-/A%-%-5S-2#.-0:A-#%-0-.J-<J.,)

They talked about the days when they were together. (#R-5S?-#R-5S-3*3-.-2#.-0:A-.?-{2?-.J-\J%-2-<J.,)

5. ,A<-/ whose ;A-.R/-/A“?-;A”;A/-3R., :R/-G%-5B$-b%-#->?-? whose ;A?-.J:A-}R/-IA-3A%-5B$-$A?-2!/-0:A-3A-.J-;A-

8J?-0-!R/,
I met a girl, whose father is your friend. (%-<%-:U.-0:A-2-3R-.J:A-A-1-/A-HJ.-GA-PR$?-0R-<J.,)

6. }R/-:)$-.%-eJ?-:)$

.LA/-;A$-/%-$A-,-~.-&A$-=-}R/-:)$-$3-eJ?-:)$-.<-2?-o/-0<-,-~.-$8/-8A$-P2-0-;A/, ,-~.-&A$-
=-}R/-:)$-.<-2-.0J<-/, 
usual (o/-w/,) unusual (o/-w/-3-;A/-0,) tell (2>.-0,) retell (;%-2*<-2>.-0,)

un .% re $*A?-!-}R/-:)$-;A/, ,-~.-&A$-=-eJ?-:)$-.<-2-.0J<-/,

excite (.$:-2<-LJ.-0,) exciting (.$:-2,)

serve (82?-:.J$?,) service (82?-:.J$?-<%-28A/-IA-(J.-=?,)

wonder (;-35/,) wonderful (;-35<-2,) danger (*J/-#,) dangerous (*J/-#:A,)

$R%-$?=-=?v ing .% ice, ful, ous 2&?-/A-eJ?-:)$-;A/, .LA/-;A$-=-}R/-:)$-.%-eJ?-:)$-@-&%-3%-

8A%-, ,-~.-#->?->A$-/AA-.J-.$-=?-P2-0-;A/-KA<, aR2-0:A-{2?-?-:.A-<A$?-=-;A.-:)R$-:5=,
7. Welsh /A“Wales” ;A-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, Welsh /A Wales ;Ao/-5B$-$A-i3-0-;A/, 

•279•
{.-(,
1. even better/A“…=?->A/-+”;A-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/, This sentence is difficult. That one is even more

difficult. (5B$-b%-:.A-/A-$R-.!:-2-8A$-;A/-=, 5B$-b%-$8/-.J-/A-}-3-.J-=?-G%-gR$?-.!:-2-8A$-<J.,)

He works hard. She works even harder. (#R?-=?-!<-@<-2lR/-LJ.-=, 3R?-.J-=?-G%-@<-2lR/-LJ.-0-<J.,)

2. A friend of Peter’s /A “Peter ;A- PR$?- 0R- 8A$” &J?- 0:A- .R/- ;A/, .J- .%- 3,/- 0< a friend of mine (his, hers,

ours, theirs) %:A(#R:C, 3R:C, %-5S:C, #R-5S:C,) PR$?-0R-8A$-2&?-=:%-5B$-*R/-3J.,

$><-.%-, 
around /A“*J-:.2?”GA-.R/-;A/, .0J<-/,

Are there any restaurants around? (*J-:#R<-/-9-#%-;R.-.3,)

aR2-5/-?R-$?3-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
to hold (a festival) .?-(J/-?R$?-GA-36.-|R-%J=-2:A-.R/-;A/-=-o/-0<-U.-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-i3-0<-2J.-,R.-

0-;A/, .0J<-/, Tibetan New year is held magnificently in my hometown. The exhibition was held
last week.  

aR2-5/, 
passive voice U.-$8/-.2%-&/,

U.-$8/-.2%-&/-/A-$4S-2R-LJ.-0-0R-?-;A/-3A->J?-0:3-;%-/-.J-$4S-2R-3A/-0:A-{2?-?-2!R=-2-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, Rice
is grown in India. 8J?-0:A-5B$-:.A<-35S/-/-5B$-$A-$/.-/A-o-$<-/?-:V?-*J?-0-!R/-0-=?-??-2+2-0-?R$?-/A-
$4S-2R-3A/-0?-:.A<-U.-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-2!R=-/-29%-2-:.$ $8/-;%-,    This school was built in 1980.
He was invited for dinner. 2&?-=-35S/-/:%-5B$-$A-2!/-L-$4S-2R-/A-<J-<J<-aR2-9-.J-1980=R<-24$?-0-.%-

#R-.$R%-}<-$./-:SJ/-8?-9A/-0-!R/-0-=?-?-8A$-$A?-L-2-.J-$*A?-LJ.-0-$4S-2R<-3A-!R/-0-;A/, .J-/-U.-$8/-.2%-

•280•
 &/-IA-5B$-$A-i3-0-/A, be + :.?-9A/-5B$-$A-i3-0(written, seen, spoken)v<-;A/,   ;%-$&A$-2>.-/, LJ.-0-
0R-%J?-0<-.->J?-.$R?-0:A-$/?-5=-:R$ by 5B$-,%-2!R=-/?-$?=-2<-LJ.-(R$-!J, .0J<-/, The letter was
mailed by Zhaxi. The teacher was invited by Zhoma. 5B$-$A-i3-0-/Abe + :.?-9A/-5B$-$A-i3-0(written,
seen, spoken) + by 5B$-,%"v<-;A/, :.A<-.0J<-2eR.-$8/-:$:-28$-!J-U.-<%-.2%-&/-.%-$8/-.2%-&/-
$*A?-&%-2#<-/, 
U.-<%-.2%-&/,  U.-$8/-.2%-&/,
The teacher corrects our homework. The package has been mailed by Bob.
The news surprised me. The door will be opened.
Bob has mailed the package. Our homework is corrected by the teachers.
I will open the door.
I was surprised by the news.
:.A<-aR2-5/-/%-$A-5B$-:$:-S%?-;R.-0?-.R%-2-LR?,   
The horses are ridden at full gallop across the grassland.
Songs are sung in both Tibetan and Chinese.   
Dances are performed by men and women together.

aR2-5/-?R-28A-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
1. herdsmen /A-:VR$-0:A-3%-5B$-;A/-=, .J:A-$&A$-5B$-/Aherdsman ;A/, :VR$-0-=-.-.% nomad ;%-9J<,

2. butter tea /A-3<-:1%?-0:A-):3-)-Y2-3-;A-.R/-;A/, )-Y2-3-= butter churned tea ;%-9J<, 

3. worship /A-$R%-.-2!<-2:3-3(R.-:2=-L?-0:A-.R/-;%-;A/,

4. mountain god /A-<A-=-$/?-0:A-z-!J-$8A-2.$-+-%R?-:6B/-=, local deity ;%-$8A-2.$-$A-3A%-;A/, 

aR2-5/,
1. yak, cow, goat, horse ?R-?R:C-3%-5B$-/A yaks, cows, goats, horses 2&?-;A/-=, sheep /A-$&A$-5B$-.%-3%-

5B$-$*A?-!-!J-$9$?-3A-:I<-2-;A/,
2. yak /A-$;$-.%-, female yak /A-:VA-;A-3A%-;A/, :.A:A-/%-$A female /A-3R-,A:A-3A%-.%-, male /A-.J:A-,.-!:A-5B$-!J-

1R-3R-$*A?-=?-1R-;A/, 

•281•
3. roasted barley mixed with butter, cheese, tea and a little sugar. /A-/?-2dR?-3-2+$?-0-.%-, K<-2, 

3<, )-.%-!-<-*%-43-2&?-2YJ?-0-!J-l3-0-2mA?-0-;A/-=, l3-0-= parched grain flour .% zamba v<-:VA-

2-;%-;R.,
4. would you …2!R=-/?-.$:-KR$?-:SA-2:3-<J-2-?R$?-8?-/-2lA-2!<-IA-%R?-/?-2>.-YR=-8A$-;A/-+J, .0J<-/, 

Would you like to have some tea? (HJ.-GA?-)-28J?-o-;A/-/3,)

Would you take a seat? (HJ.-<%-28$?-:.R.-.3,)

Would you mind my smoking? (%?-,-3$-:,J/-(R$-$3,)v-2,

aR2-5/-?R-s-2,
;A$-$?<,
1. founder /A found ;A-eJ?-?-er .<-+J-P2-0-;A/-=, .J-=? found /A-$?<-$+R.-LJ.-0:3-YR=-:LJ.-0-;A-.R/-;A/-

=, .J:A-eJ?-? er .<-/?-YR=-:LJ.-3#/-IA-.R/-!R/-LJ.-.-I<-2-;A/, .J:A-KA< er /A-2.$-1-.%-.R/-3,/-

0-;A/, .0J<-/, work, teach, love, lead ?R$?-GA-eJ?-?-er .<-2?-L-2-.J-LJ.-3#/-IA-29R-2-.%-.$J-
c/, .$:-?, :$R-OA.-?R$?-$%-9$-!R/-LJ.-.-I<-;R.,
2. chanting /A-=?-5B$-&A$-!J(\)=J/-0:3-.L%?-IJ<-/?-:.R/-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, .J-=? chant /A-3A%-5B$-;A/-=-3$<-

3-.%-2!R.-0:A-~/-5B$-$A-.R/-;A/,
3. lama /A-]-3-.%-.$J-:./-0:A-3A%-;A/-=, monk ;%-9-2:A-3A%-;A/,

4. kowtowing /A-K$-:5=-2:A-.R/-;A/-=, prostration ;%-K$-:5=-2:A-.R/-;A/,

aR2-5/,
1. Buddha /A-?%?-o?-2&R3-w/-:.?-.%-, Buddhism /A-?%?-o?-(R?-=$?, Buddhist /A-?%?-o?-(R?-=$?-

0-.%-/%-0-?%?-o?-0:A-.R/-;A/,
2. image /A-{-:S:A-.R/-;A/-=, statue ;%-9J<,

3. prayer wheel /A-3-EA-:#R<-=R:A-3A%-;A/-=, 3-EA-=$-2{R<-= hand operated prayer wheel9J<,

4. burning conifer needles /A->$-=R-2YJ$?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, 2?%?-1.-0-= burning incense 9J<, 

•282•
 aR2-5/-?R-S$-0, 
;A$-$?<, 
5. seclusion /A- .2J/- 0<- $/?- 0:A- .R/- ;A/- =, 353?- =- 2#.- 0< to meditate 9J<- 8A%- , 353?- 0- 2- = hermit

9J<, 
6. accomplished /A-L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0 accomplish =-ed .<-0?-.?-:.?-0<-P2-0-;A/-=-.J-/A-.3A$?-;=-

$%-8A$-3%R/-0<-:I<-2:A-(J.-.-L-2-8A$-212-0<-:)$-!J, .J:A-3A%-5B$-$A-i3-0-/A-accomplishment ;A/-
=-P2-:V?-=-$R .0J<-/ great accomplishment v-2-;A/,
7. architecture /A-A<-=?-<A$-0-.%-29R-2!R.-GA-.R/-;A/-+J, architect /A-A<-=?-0-.%-29R-2!R.-0:A-.R/-;A/, 

8. administrative districts =? administrative /A-YA.-:6B/-/3-3%:-:R$-$A-8J?-0:A-.R/-.%--, district /A-?-#R%?-

=-$R-2-.% -s.<-0?-3%-5B$-+-I<, .J-/-:.A<-o=-2R-YR%-24/-|3-0R-<A%-$A-YA.-:6B/-?-#R%?-i3?-=-$R-.$R?,
9. historical material ,A< material /A-.%R?-0R-.%-o-(<-$R-/:%-:.A<-=R-o?-IA->=-m?-=-$R-2-;A/,

aR2-5/,
1. aR2-5/-:.A-/A-=R-o?-3A-$-353?-.R<-LJ.-0-$4S-2R-;A/-0?-,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-5B$-3%-.-2!R=-;R.-0-;A/, 
2. aR2-5/-/%-$A emperor /A-$R%-3:A-.R/-;A/

3. one of his ministers /A-#R?-]R/-0R-3%-0R-=?-$&A$-8J?-0:A-.R/-+J, .J-/A-3%-0R:A-P=-/?-$&A$-=R$?-?-:$J<-

2<-!R/-LJ.-GA-5B$-;A/, .0J<-/, one of my students. one of your brothers.v-2:R,

4. in the cause of peace /A-8A-2.J-=-.3A$?-KA<-8J?-0:A-.R/, 

aR2-5/-?R-2./-2, 
;A$-$?<,
1. altitudes /A-o-35S:A-%R?-GA-3,R-5.-$-:S-;A/-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, elevation ;%-.R/-$&A$-$R  
2. efficient adaptations =? efficient /A-/?-0-.%-(-nJ/-=-$R-2-.% adaptation /A-$R3?-0--.%-:UR.-

0:A-.R/-;A/, -s.<-2?-3%-5B$-!R/-0?-/-5A$-,A:A-.R/-/A-#R<-;$-$%-8A$-=-$R3?-0:A-(-nJ/-3%-0R-;R.-0-!R/-/R,   

•283•
3. cope with L-.%R?-$%-8A$-=-#-$+.-0-.%-$/.-.R/-?R$?-,$-$&R.-0:A-;A/, .0J<-/, cope with problems.

$/.-.R/-,$-$&R.-LJ.-0, cope with difficulties. .!:-#$-=-#-$+.-0,

4. bathe (-=-O?-LJ.-0:A-.R/-.%bath ;%-.J-.%-.R/-$&A$-;A/,

5. uncontrolled =? controlled /A-5S.-:6B/-,J2?-;R.-0:A-.R/-.%-.J:A-}R/-= un .<-2?-.$$-1-!R/-0-;A/, <A$?-

21J?-GA-.0J<-2eR.-=, changed .% unchanged, able .% unable, defined .% undefined 

6. shun contact =? shun /A-.!R/-0:A-.R/-.% contact /A-:VJ=-:SA?-LJ.-0:A-.R/-;A/-0?-5B$-,A:A-.R/-

=-:VJ=-:SA?-3J.-0-8J?-0:R,

aR2-5/,
1. It is estimated that there are now around 10,000 wild yaks. 5S.-lA?-LJ.-0-v<-/-.-v-:VR%-cR.-OA-$&A$-;?-

3?-;R., It is estimated that …/A-o$?-(J-2:A-5B$-$A-2!R=-!%?->A$-;A/-+J-.J-.%-:S-2:A-2!R=-5=-=-.-.% It

was discovered that… ?R$?-;R.-.R,

2. As far east as Gansu Province ><-+-!/-?:-8A%-(J/-=-,$-<$-2<-.-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/, as far as /A-YR=-5B$-

&A$-;A/-+J-.R/-/A-$/?->A$-=-,$-<$-2<-.%-.?->A$-=-,R/-<$-2<-.-8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-+J-.0J<-/, I traveled as
far as New York.
3. This means they obtain more oxygen from and this allows them to live comfortably at high
altitudes. (U-1%-3%-0R-;R.-0-).J?-#R-5S?-3#:-.2$?-=?-.L%-.2$?-3%-.-:LA/-d2-,2-0-.%-.J?-#R-5S-3,R-

|%-/?-2.J-,%-%%-:5S-2-<R=-,2-0<-LJ.-0-<J.,
4. A lead yak makes the trail and the others follow in single file carefully stepping in the leader’s
footsteps. $-S%?-3#/-IA-$;$-cR.-&A$-$A?-=3-OA.-&A%-$8/-0-i3?-2!<-UJ%-$&A$-+-21A$?->A%-.=-2<-%%-

$-OA.-3#/-IA-kA$-eJ?-?-%R-8A%-:PR,
5. After a gestation period of nine months. ^-.$:A-3%=-43-0:A-.?-{2?-GA-eJ?-?,

6. It is probable that wild yaks follow the calving pattern of domesticated yaks of giving birth to a
single calf in alternate years. :VR%- cR.- ;%- HA3- 9R$-$A-U- $- 24?- !%?- .%- - :S-- 2<-=R- <J<- 2J:- $&A$- <J- 24:-

2-;A/->?-(J,

•284•
$><-.%-, 
Have you seen a wild yak? HR.-GA?-:VR%-cR.-&A$-3,R%-MR%-%3, Have you seen (:.?-9A/-=?-5B$)…}R/-(.-

LJ.- MR% -=- /3- LJ.- 0:A-.?- $?=- 2R- 3A- !R/- 0:A- L- 2- 8A$-:SA- 2:A-{2?- ?- 2!R=- 2- ;A/-=-L-5B$- $A- :.?- 9A/- =?- 5B$- $A-
i3- 0-;A/- .$R?, .0J<-/,  Have you written your homework? Have you met your new teacher?
Have you been to Beijing? 2&?-=? written .% met .% been i3?-/A-:.?-9A/-=?-5B$-;A/,

aR2-5/-?R-2o.-2, 
;A$-$?<, 
larva :2-U$-$A-.R/-;A/-=-.J:A-3%-5B$-/A-i3-/A larvae ;A/,

 
 
 

•285•
 9<-2!R.2, ,-~.-KR$?-21A$?,
a /eI/ art. &A$ 8A$ >A$ (一)个, (一)位

a couple of (-8A$ 一对, 一双, 几个

a cup of (2+%-L:A-<A$?) )-1R<-$%-,  一杯

a few :$:-8A$,  *%-43,  少许, 少数

a little U/-2-8A$ *%-43-8A$ 一点，少量

a lot of 3%-0R,  许多, 很多

about /@"baUt/ ad.,.-GA, :VJ=-;R.,  关于

abroad /@"brO:d/ ad. KA-o=-=,  到国外,在海外

accomplished /@"kVmplISd/ vt. 3%R/-I<, ;R%?-:P2,  完成,实现

activity /&k"tIv@ti/ n. :$=-*R., 活动, 行动

AD (Anno Domini) /%eI "di:/ n. ,A-=R,  公元

administrative districts ;=-IA-.2%-<A?, 地方行政区(松赞干布时期)

afraid /@"freId/ a. 0$-0, 害怕的,担心的

afternoon /%A:ft@"nu:n/ n. KA-SR,  下午

again /@"gen; @"geIn/ ad.;%-2*<,  再一次,又,再三地

ago /@"g@U/ ad. }R/-=, 以前    

airline /"e@laIn/ n.:1<-*R.-!%-9A, 3#:-=3,  航线

all /O:l/ a. & ad. 5%-3,  全部, 总的

all right (R$-0, :PA$-0,  摆行,好吧,没关系

all the time 3$R-/?-3)$-2<, (.?-5S.,) 一直,始终

allergic /@"l3:dZIk/ adj (/- =R$- L%- 2:A, || People can be allergic to many substances such as some foods,
dust, pollen, fur or poisonous fluids from cysts. 过敏的，患过敏症的

•286•
allergy /"&l@dZi/ n. (/-=R$ || A bad body response to a substance. 敏感症

alphabet /"&lf@bet/ n. $?=-LJ.-;A-$J, 字母

already /O:l"redi/ ad. (L?)9A/-0, 5<-2, 已经     

also /"O:ls@U/ ad..-<%-, 也,同样

alternate years  =R-<J?-3R?-?,  隔年，每隔一年

alternative /O:l"t3:n@tIv/ adj. $.3-%-2+%-(R$-0:A,  可选择的 

altitude /"&ltitju:d/ n. o-35S:A-%R?-GA-3,R-5., (海拔) 高度

altogether /%O:lt@"geD@/ HR/-2#R3?,  全部,总共

always /"O:lweIz/ /3-;%-, 总是

am /%eI "em/ vi. ;A/, 是

America /@"merIk@/ noun. A-3J-<A-! A-<A,  美国

American /@"merIk@n/ n. A-3J-<A-!-2, A-<A-2, 美国人   

amused /@"mju:zd/ a. *A.-0R<-?J3?-0, 3R-$%-:1J=-2,  愉快的,高兴的

and /@nd; @n; &nd/ conj..%-, .-<%-,  和, 与, 及 

announcement /@"naUnsm@nt/ n. 2h-.R<, 2h-,R, 公告, 宣告

another /@"nVD@/ a. & pron. $8/-8A$ 另一个

another /@"nVD@/ a. & pron. $8/-8A$ 另外的,又一

answer /"A:ns@/ vt. SA?-=/-:.J2?-0,  回答

any /"eni/ a. & pron.:$:-8A$ 任何一个,无论哪个

anyone /"eniwVn/ pron. 3A-8A$ 3A-$%-<%-8A$,  任何人,无论谁

anywhere /"eniwe@/ ad. $/?-$%-<%-8A$  不论何处, 任何地方

anywhere /"eniwe@/ ad. ?-(-$%-<%-,  任何地方

apartment /@"pA:tm@nt/ n. #R.-#%-,  公寓住宅,房间

•287•
apartment /@"pA:tm@nt/ n. #R.-#%-,  房间 

appear /@"pI@/ vi. KA<-3%R/-0,  出现

apple /"&pl/ n. !->,  苹果 

April /"eIpr@l/ n. ^-2-28A-2,  四月

archery contest 3.:-l=-:P/-2#<,  箭术赛 

architect /"A:kItekt/ n. 29R-20/-:(<-:$R.-0,  建筑师,设计师  

architecture /"A:kItektS@/ n. :6$?-0/-/3-A<-=?-<A$-0,  建筑(学)

are /A:/ v. ;A/, <J.,  是 

area /"e@ri@/ n. ?-(,  地区,区域

army /"A:mi/ n. .3$ {3-.3$ 军队,陆军

around /@"raUnd/ perp.}-$8$ 左右, 大约

around /@"raUnd/ perp. 3,:-:#R<,  四周,到处,附近

art /A:t/ noun. +-l=,  艺术

at the age of =R….;A-!J%-,  在…岁

atmosphere /"&tm@sfI@/ n. #R<-;$ 3#:-.2$?,  气氛

remain /rI"meIn/ vi. >=-28$ >=-gJ/, 遗留

attended 8$?-0,  参加,出席

attention /@"tenSn/ n.;A.-:)R$ 注意力

August /"O:g@st/ n. ^-2-2o.-0,  八月

aunt /A:nt/ n. A-/J,  姑母,姨母,伯母,婶母,舅母

aunt /A:nt/ n. Y-3R, A-/J,  姑妈,伯母,舅妈,婶母

Australia /O'streili@/ n. AR-?A-O-<A-=A-;,  澳大利亚

Australian /O'streili@n/ n. AR-?A-NA<-;:A-3A,   

•288•
autumn /"O:t@m/ n.!R/-#,  秋天

 
away (put the clothes away) /@"weI/ adj. $/?-$8/-=, (H-2-.J-5S-1<-8R$) 离开,向(在)另一方

away ... /@"weI/ ad. .%-<A%-.-IJ?-0,  在远处,离去

away /@"weI/ ad. V=-2, 3A-$/?-0,  在远处, 离去, 到远处

awful /"O:fl/ a.,2?-h$?,  可怕的,糟糕的

bad /b&d/ a. 24S$-0R, 坏的,劣质的,不利的

bag /b&g/ noun. #$-3,  包,  袋子 

barley /"bA:li/ n. /?, 大麦,青稞

basket /"bA:skIt/ n. /$-$9J2, aR-3, 篮子

basketball /"bA:skItbO:l/ S-:1J/-%R-=R, r%-=A,  篮球

bath /bA:T/ n. =?-:O-2, 洗澡

bathe /beID/ v. O?-LJ.-0,  洗浴

bathroom /"bA:Tru:m; -rUm/ n. O?-#%-, 浴室, 洗手间

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) /%bi: bi: "si:/ n. .LA/-)A:A-o%-21$?-=?-#%?, &A-&A-?A, 

be born *J?, :O%?-0, 出生

be called … 9J<-2-;A/,  叫作…

be out HA3-/-3J.-0, KA-/-;R.-0, 不在(家)

beautiful /"bju:tIfl/ a. 36K?-#$, ;$-0R,  美丽的

because /bI"kQz/ conj. o-35/-IA?, nJ/-IA?,  因为

become, became :I<-2, I<-2, 变成，成为

bed /%bi: "ed/ n. 3=-OA,  床

bedroom /"bedru:m; -rUm/ n. *=-#%-,  卧室

before /bI"fO:/ prep. (;A) }R/-=,  在前,从前,在…之前 

•289•
before /bI"fO:/ prep. (;A)}R/, 以前，从前，在…之前

begin /bI"gIn/ vt. :$R-lR3-0,  开始

behind /bI"haInd/ prep. v$-o2, 再…之后

Belgium0J-&3, 0A-=A-ZA,  比利时

bicycle /"baIsIkl/ n. t$?-g,  自行车

big /bIg/ (J, (J/-0R,  大的

black /bl&k/ a. 3/-/$ /$-0R,  黑色的

blackboard /"bl&kbO:d/ n. /$-0%-,  黑板 

blackboard /"bl&kbO:d/ n. |R-?3, /$-0%-,  黑板

blood cells O$-$A-U-1%-,  血细胞

blue /blu:/ noun. }R/-0R,  蓝色 

boat /b@Ut/ v. P($+R%-2,) 乘(划) 小船游玩

book /bUk/ n..0J-(,  书, 书籍, 本，册

bookcase /"bUkkeIs/ n..0J-1R3, .0J-!J$?,  书架,书柜

both /b@UT/ a. $*A?-! 两者,双方, 俩

bowl /b@Ul/ noun. .!<-;R=,  碗 

boy /bOI/ n. 2-(%-,  男孩, 儿子

bread /bred/ n. $R-<J, 面包

breakfast /"brekf@st/ n. /%?-),  早餐

bring, brought (?-(-$-$J-3R<) HJ<-2,  带来,拿来

brother /"brVD@/ n. %/-^, $&J/-$&%-,  兄弟

Buddha image ?%?-o?-GA-{-:S, 佛像

Buddhistic works ?%?-o?-(R?-=$?-GA-$?%-<2,  佛学经典

•290•
build /bIld/ vt. :6$?-20/, $?<-28J%?,  建造,创立

building /"bIldIN/ adj. #%-2lJ$?, ,R$-#%-,  楼房 

burning conifer needles >$-=R-YJ$-0, 焚烧柏枝(刺柏)

businessman /"bIzn@sm&n; "bIzn@sm@n/ n. 5S%-2,  商人

but /b@t; bVt/ conj.:R/-G%-,  但是,可是

butter /"bVt@/ n. 3<, 黄油, 奶油

butter sculpture 3<-29R?-{-:S,(3J-+R$-3(R.-o/,)  酥油花

butter tea .N$?-), 3<-),  酥油茶

buy /baI/ vt. *R-2, 购物,买

by all means ,2?-2o-)?-!R%-$A-|R-/?,  尽一切办法

cafeteria /%k&f@"tI@ri@/ n. )-#%-,  自助餐厅(食堂)

cake /keIk/ n. |R-%:A-2$-=J2, 蛋糕

call (at) /kO:l/ vt. :2R.-0, #-0<-$+R%-2, 访问

call up #-0<-o$-o,  打电话给 给…打电话

calving pattern 2J:-24:-!%?, 产(犊)式

campus /"k&mp@s/ n. aR2-<,  校园

can /k@n; k&n/ v ,2-0, (R$-0,  能, 可以

Canada /"k&n@d@/ n. #-/-+,  加拿大

captain /"k&ptIn/ n P-.0R/, .J.-.0R/,  船长,- 机长

carry /"k&ri/ vt. *J=-2, HJ<-2,  携带,运送

carved by hand =$-0?-2bR?-0,  手工雕刻

cause of peace 8A-2.J:A-(J.-.,  为和平而…

Celsius /"selsi@s/ adj. SR.-5.-ZJ-ZA,  摄氏度 

•291•
center /"sent@/ n. vJ-2, 中央,中心

Central Nationalities University vJ-$/?-3A-<A$?-aR2-9-(J/-3R,  中央民族大学

certainly /"s3:tnli/ ad. (R?-3-.$R?-0, ((R$-0,) 当然,无疑

chair /tSe@/ n. b2-!J$?,  椅子 

chair /tSe@/ n. b2-!J$?,  椅子

chanting /tSA:ntIN/ v. 3$<-3-?R$?-:.R/-0,  诵经

cheese /tSi:z/ n. K<-2,  奶酪,干酪,乳酪

chemist /"kemIst/ n. m?-:I<-3#?-0,  化学家  (/-.R<-3#/-0R,  药剂师 

chess /tSes/ n. 3A$-3%?, 1-:PA$  国际象棋 

child(ren) /tSaIld/, /"tSIldr@n/ n. LA?-0,(3%-5B$) 孩子(复数)

China /"tSaIn@/ noun N%-$R,  中国 

Chinese /%tSai'ni:z/ o-;A$ o-{.,  汉语，中国人 

choose (chose) /tSu:z/ v. $.3-0:3-$?J?-0,  选择

cinema /"sIn@m@/ n. \R$-2f/-#%-, 电影院

city /"sIti/ n. PR%-HJ<,  城市 

class /klA:s/ n. aR2-OA., :6B/-9, (一节)课,班级

classroom /"klA:sru:m; -rUm/ n. aR2-#%-,  教室 

classroom /"klA:sru:m; -rUm/ n. aR2-#%-,  教室 

clean /kli:n/ a. $4%-3,  干净的

clean /kli:n/ vt. KA?-0, $4%-4-LJ.-0,  使干净

clock /klQk/ n. (-5S.-:#R<-=R, (时)钟

closet /"klQzIt/ noun. $R?-1R3, 壁橱

clothes /kl@UDz/ n. H-2, 衣服

•292•
coarse grass o-lA%-2:A-C,  粗草

coated /"k@Utid/ adj. L$?-0, 2{?-0,  涂上一层的

coated with ink $$-5-L$?-0,  涂墨水

coffee /"kQfi/ n. #-nJ, 咖啡

cold /k@Uld/ n. (3-0, 感冒

cold /k@Uld/ n. P%-2,    寒冷的

cold /k@Uld/ n. P%-2,  寒冷 

college /"kQlIdZ/ n. aR2-9-(J/-3R,  aR2-\A%-, -  学院 

come /kVm/ vi. ;R%-, ,R/-0,  来, 到达

company /"kVmp@ni/ n. !%-9A, 公司        

compare /k@m"pe@/ verb 2#<-2,  比较 

complete /k@m"pli:t/ a. ;R%?-:P2,  完成

comrade /'kOmreid/ ]R-3,/,  同志

conserving heat 5-2-o/-:6B/-LJ.-0:3-SR.-5.-:6B/-,2-0,  保存热能

consonant /"kQns@n@nt/ n. $?=-LJ.,  辅音,辅音字母

conversation /%kQnv@"seISn/ n. {.-(, #-2h,  对话

cope with #-$+.-.-=%?-0,  应付

copy /"kQpi/ v. 2>-:VA, 复印, 复制, 拷贝

correct /k@"rekt/ adj. ;%-.$-0,  正确的

cost /kQst/ n. VA/-0, <A/-$R%-, (|R<-&A-43,) 价值

counter /"kaUnt@/ n. 1R3-!J$?,  柜台

country /"kVntri/ n. o=-#2, 8A%-PR%-, 国家, 乡村

cousin /"kVzn/ noun. 1-%/, 3-YA%-, (1-3-3A%-YA%-$A-LA?-0,)堂(表)兄弟, 堂(表)姐妹

•293•
cover /"kVv@/ vt. 2!2-0,  覆盖

cream /kri:m/ n.:R-3A,  乳脂

crowded /"kraUdId/ a. :5%-#-(J-2,  拥挤的,塞满的

cyst /sIst/ n. i$-0/, || A sac of fluid, which forms in the body and is usually damaging to health.囊肿

dance /dA:ns/ n. 82?-VR, VR-:O2-0, 跳舞, 舞蹈

dance /dA:ns/ n. VR-:(3-0, 82?-VR,  跳舞 

dangerous /"deIndZ@r@s/ a. *J/-#-(J-2,  危险的

daughter /"dO:t@/ n. 2-3R,  女孩, 女儿 

day /deI/ n. *A/, *A-3, 一日, 一天 ,白天

dear /dI@/ a. & n. ~A%-*J-2, 亲爱的

December /dI"semb@/ n. ^-2-2&-$*A?-0,  十二月

decide /dI"saId/ vt. ,$-$&R.-0, 决定

decide /dI"saId/ vt. ,$-$&R.-0, 决定, 决心

decorated /"dek@reItId/ a. 3?-0, 2o/-0,  装饰了的,装修过的

degree /dI"gri:/ n. >J?-;R/-IA-,R2-,%-,  学位

deity /"deI@ti/ n. z,  神 

demonstration /%dem@n"streISn/ n. :O2-!R/,  示范,演示

department /dI"pA:tm@nt/ n. #J-#$ 系,部,科,局

desk /desk/ n. &R$-4K,  桌子

 
desk /desk/ n. 1R$-4K, 桌子 

dictionary /"dIkS@nri/ n. 5B$-36S., 词典 

die /daI/ >A-2,  死,死亡

difference /"dIfr@ns/ n. 3A-:S-?,  差异,不同

•294•
different /"dIfr@nt/ a. 3A-:S-2,  不同的

different /"dIfr@nt/ a. 3A-:S-2,  不同的

dinner /"dIn@/ .$R%-9?, $?R=-!R/, 晚饭,晚餐

director /daI"rekt@; dI-/ n. 2.$-$*J<-:$R-$4S, 主管

dirty /"d3:ti/ a. 3A-$4%-2, 24S$-0R, 肮脏的 

do prostrations $?-K$-:5=-2,  叩长头

doctor /"dQkt@/ n. (/-0,  医生,大夫 

dog /dQg/ noun. HA,  狗 

domesticated yaks  |R-$;$(:.=-$?R-L?-9A/-0:A-$;$) 驯养的牦牛

door /dO:/ n. |R, 门

dormitory /"dO:m@tri/ n. *=-#%-, 宿舍

draw /drO:/ vt. & vi. (<A-3R):VA-2, (画(画),描绘

 
dress (get dressed) /dres/ v. H-2, H-2-IR/-0, (H-2-IR/-:.$-0,) 穿衣服

drill /drIl/ n. .R%-2, 练习 

 
drive /draIv/ vi. #-=R-LJ.-0, (:.?-5B$drove)开车,驾驶

dry /draI/ a. {3-0R,  干的,干燥的 

during /"djU@rIN/ prep. {2?-?,  在…期间

each /i:tS/ a. <J-<J,  每一,各自的

each other 1/-5/,  互相 

eager /"i:g@/ adj. {R3-0-(-:.R.-v<-IA, 渴望的

early /"3:li/ a. 8R$?-0-}-3R, 早的

easy /"i:zi/ a. a-3R, 容易的 

eat /i:t/ vt. 9-2, (:.?-5B$ ate) 吃

•295•
efficient adaptations 1/-0:A-(-nJ/, :UR.-0:A-(-nJ/-.%-/?-0, 有效适应能力

egg /eg/ n. |R-%-, 蛋，卵

eight /eIt/ num. 2o.,  八

eighteen /%eI"ti:n/ num. 2&R-2o.,  十八

elder /"eld@/ n. =R-/-&%3,R-2:A, (两人中)年龄较大的

electricity /I%lek"trIs@ti/ n. \R$ 电

eleven /I"levn/ num. 2&-$&A$ 十一

else /els/ adj. $8/,  其他

encourage /In"kVrIdZ/ v. {=-:.J.-LJ.-0:3-{=-t$  鼓励

end /end/ n. 3,:, 3)$ 尽头,终点,最后,最终

end /end/ noun. 3,:, 3)$ 最后, 最终,终点

engineer /%endZI"nI@/ n. 29R-:$R.-0,  工程师

engineering /%endZI"nI@rIN/ n. 29R-0/-<A$-0,  工程学

England /"INgl@nd/ n..LA/-)A,  英国 

English /"INglIS/ n..LA/-;A$ 英语

enjoy /In"dZOI/ vt. 3R-2, =R%?-,R.,  享受…的乐趣,欣赏

envelope /"env@l@Up; "Qn-/ n. ;A$-,3, ;A$-{R$?, ;A$->2?,  信封

especially /I"speS@li/ adv. H.-0<-.:3-z$-0<-., 特别,尤其

Europe /'ju@r@p/ n. ;R-<R2-\A%-, 欧洲

Europe /'ju@r@p/ n.;R-<R2-\A%-,    欧洲

evening /"i:vnIN/ noun. .$R%-SR, 35/-3R,  傍晚,  晚上 

ever /"ev@/ ad. }R/-(., 曾经,在任何时候

every /"evri/ a. <J-<J,  每个

•296•
every other (every other week) $9:-:#R<-$*A?-<J:A-/%-,J%?-<J<,    每隔 (每隔一周)

everyday /"evrideI/ adj. *A/-<J<,  每天 

everywhere /"evriwe@/ ad. $-?-$%-, 到处 

examination /Ig%z&mI"neISn/ n. o$?, ;A$-5.,  考试 

excellent /"eks@l@nt/ adj. @-&%-29%-2, 极好的,卓越的 

exciting /Ik"saItIN/ a. 3R-*A.-w/-0, 令人兴奋的，使人激动的

excuse /Ik"skju:s/ vt. .$R%?-0-3-:5S3,  原谅

expect /Ik"spekt/ vt. 5S.-.0$ >J?-:.R.-0,  期望,要求

explain /Ik"spleIn/ vt. :PJ=-2>.-LJ.-0:3-8A2-2eR.,   解释,阐明 

explain /Ik"spleIn/ vt.:PJ=-2>.,  解释 

extension /Ik"stenSn/ n. #-0<-/%-3,  （电话）分机

extinct /Ik"stINkt/ adj. l-3J.-$+R%-2:3-<A$?-o.-3J.-0<-29R-2,  绝灭的,熄灭的

factory /"f&ktri; -t@ri/ n. 29R-9, 工厂

factory /"f&ktri; -t@ri/ n. 29R-9,  工厂

fair /fe@/ adj. ,A<-2+%-, 一般的

family HA3-5%-,  家,家庭

famous /"feIm@s/ adj. {.-P$?-(J-2:A, 著名的

famous /"feIm@s/ adj. 3A%-.-P$?-0,  著名的

farmer /"fA:m@/ n. 8A%-2,  农民

father /"fA:D@/ n. A-1,  爸爸,父亲

February /"febru@ri/ n. ^-2-$*A?-0,  二月

feel /fi:l/ v. 5S<-2, 5S<-$%-, 感觉,以为

 
female (female yaks) /"fi:meIl/ adj. 3R, (:VA,) 雌的，（雌牦牛）

•297•
festival /"festIvl/ n. .?-(J/,  节日

field /fi:ld/ n. 8A%-#, ?-8A%-,田野

fifth /fIfT/ num. s-2,  第五

fill (in) /fIl/ vt. #-{R%-2, :VA-2,  填写

film /fIlm/ n. \R$-2f/,  电影 

find /faInd/ vt. fJ.-0, 5S<-$%-L%-2, 找到,发现

find, found :5S=-2, fJ.-0,  寻找

fine /faIn/ adj. 29%-0R,  健康愉快的, 美好的, 优秀的

finish /"fInIS/ vt. ;R%?-:P2, 5<-2,  完成,结束

firm /f3:m/ n.!%-9A,  公司

first /f3:st/ num. .%-0R,  第一

five /faIv/ num. s,  五

flat /fl&t/ n. #R.-#%-, 公寓

flight /flaIt/ n.:1<-2,  飞

flight attendant 3#:-2*R.-Y?-3R,  空中小姐

floor /flO:/ n. 2lJ$?-<A3, 3,A=->A%-,  楼层 

flower /"flaU@/ n. 3J-+R$ 花

fly /flaI/ v. :1<-2, $/3-P<-2#.-0,  乘飞机

folktale/"f@Ukteil/ n. $/:-$+3,  民间故事

food /fu:d/ n. 9-3, #-=$,  食物 

food /fu:d/ n. 9-3, #-=$,食物, 饭

foot of a mountain <A-2R:C-:.2?-?:3-<A-:.2?-8A$ 山脚

for /f@; fO:/ prep. (J.-., KA<-.,为,为了

•298•
for sale :5S%-, 待售,出售的

foreign /"fQr@n/ a. KA-o=-IA, 外国的

forget /f@"get/ vt. 2eJ.-0,  忘记 

form /fO:m/ vt. <J:-3A$ 表格

founded /faUndId/ adj. fJ.-0, >J?-0,  发现,感到

founder /"faUnd@/ n. YR=-:LJ.-3#/,  创始人

four /fO:/ num. 28A,  四

fourth /fO:T/ num. 28A-2,  第四

French /fra:ns, fr&ns/ n. n-</-?A:A-{., n-</-?A:A-3A,  法语, 法国人 

French /frentS/ n-</-?A, n-</-?A:A-3A,    法国人

Friday /"fraIdeI; -di/ n. $9:-0-?%?,  星期五

friend /frend/ n. PR$?-0R,  朋友 

friendly /"frendli/ a. 36:-2lJ-w/-0:A-%%-/?, 友好的，友谊的

friendship /"frendSIp/ n. 36:-2lJ, 友情, 友谊, 朋友关系

from /fr@m; frQm/ vt. /?, =?, :L%-#%?-!R/-0:A-1  从… 自…

fruit /fru:t/ n. ?A=-+R$ 水果, 果类

funny /"fVni/ a. .$R.-VR-2, 滑稽的,好笑的

garden /"gA:dn/ n. 3J-+R$-<-2, 花园

gas /g&s/ n. ?R=-_%?,  煤气

gentleman /"dZentlm@n/ n. {-82?,  先生

German /%dZ3:m@n / a. & n. :)<-3/-{.,  德语

German /%dZ3:m@n / adj. & n.:)<-3/-0, :)<-3/-{.,  德国人,德语 

gestation period 3%=-IA-.?-;/,  妊娠期

•299•
get along :VJ=-:SA?,  与(某人)保持良好的关系

get back KA<-aJ2?-0, 返回, 回来

get up 3=-=?-=%?-0,  起床

girl /g3:l/ n. 2-3R,  女孩, 姑娘, 女儿 

give /gIv/ v. LA/-0, !J<-2,  给, 送给

glad /gl&d/ adj..$:-2,  高兴

go /g@U/ vi.:PR,  走

goat /g@Ut/ n. <-3,  山羊

good /gUd/ adj. ;$-0R, 29%-,  好

good chance to experience *3?-MR%-=J/-0:A-$R-{2?-29%-0R,  得(获)经验的好机会 

good time .?-5S.-29%-2R,  愉快

government /"gVv@nm@nt/ n. YA.-$8%-, 政府 

gracefully /"greIsfli/ adv. |J$-*3?-w/-0:A-%%-/?,  优美地

grammar /"gr&m@/ n. 2h-3R., 语法

grandfather /"gr&ndf A:D@/ n. %R-2R, 祖父,外祖父

grandmother /"gr&ndf A:D@/ n. kR-3R, 祖母,外祖母

grassland /"gra:sl&nd/ n. C-,%-,  草原

graze /greIz/ vi. vt. (K$?):5S-2,  放牧

great /greIt/ a. _2?-(J/,  伟大的,卓越的

great accomplishment P2-:V?-(J/-0R,  伟大的成就

gregarious animals H-<-P2-0:A-YR$-($?, H-:5S-LJ.-0:A-YR$-($?,  群居的动物

grow /gr@U/ vt. *J?-0, :.J2?-:6$?, 生长,种植

guitar /gI"tA:/ noun. 1-~/, 0A-7%-,吉他

•300•
half /hA:f/ a. & n. KJ.-! 半, 一半

hall /hO:l/ n. 5S3?-(J/, 5S$?-#%-,  大厅, 会堂

hamburger /"h&mb3:g@/ n. 5S.-3-$R-<J, @J3-2$,  牛肉饼

happen /"h&p@n/ vi. L%-2,  发生

happy /"h&pi/ adj. *A.-0R, 快乐的, 幸福的

hard /hA:d/ a. @<-2lR/, Y-3OJ$?,努力

hard /hA:d/ adj. @<-2lR/, 3OJ$?-0R,  努力 

harder &%-.!:-2, 更难的, 更艰苦的

harsh highlands P%-%<-(J-2:A-3,R-|%-,  艰苦寒冷的高地

has got ;R.-0,  有, 持有

have to 3A-12-!-3J., %J?-0<-.,  必须,不得不

he /hi:/ pron. #R,  他 

he takes his life #R?-<%-YR$-2&.-0, 自杀

health /helT/ n. 2.J-,%-, 健康,卫生

hear /hI@/ vt. */-0, ,R?-0,  听到, 听见

held a festival gJ/-:VJ=-IA-36.-|R-%J=-2,  举行节日

hello, hi /h@"l@U/ /haI/ interj GJ, (:2R.-1) 喂, 你好

help /help/ vt. & vi. <R$?-<3,  帮助

herbs /h3:bs/ n. (/-C,  药草

herds /h3:dz/ nuon. K$?-H,  兽群

herdsman /"ha:dzman/ n. :VR$-0,  牧人

high /haI/ a. 3,R/-0R,  高的

hill /hIl/ n. <A-(%-, .J:-:2<,小山,小丘,山岗

•301•
historical material =R-o?-GA-.%R?-m?-?3->=-gJ/,  历史资料，历史材料 

history /"hIstri/ n. =R-o?,  历史

hold /h@Uld/ vt. 29%-2, 拿着,握住

holiday /"hQl@deI/ n. %=-$?R:A-*A/, .?-(J/,  假日, 假期

home /h@Um/ n. & ad. 1-;=,  家, 家乡

home /h@Um/ n. & ad.;=, HA3,家 

hope /h@Up/ n. <J-(R/, <J-2,  希望

horse /hO:s/ n. g,  马 

horse race g-o$?-:P/-2#<,  赛马 

horse race g-o$?,  赛马 

hospital /"hQspItl/ n. (/-#%-,  医院

hot /hQt/ a. 5-2,  热的,

hotel /h@U"tel/ n. 3PR/-#%-,  旅馆,旅社,饭店 

housework /"haUsw3:k/ n. HA3-=?,  家务

how /haU/ adv, conj )A-v<, )A-:S,  怎样,  如何 

husband /"hVzb@nd/ n. HR-2R,  丈夫 

hydatid /"haid@tid/ n. YA/-0/,  包虫,水泡

I /aI/ pron. %-, 我

idea /aI"dI@/ n..$R%?-0, v-5=,  主意,想法,念头

if /If/ conj. $=-+J, 如果,假如

immature /%Im@"tjU@/ adj. 3-(A/-0:A, =R-/-3-?R/-0:A, || a living thing which is not fully-grown. 未成

的，发育未全的

important /Im"pO:tnt/ a.:$%?-(J/, $=-(J/,  重要的,主要的

•302•
impression /Im"preSn/ n. 2$-($?, :(<-$%-, 印象

in /In/ prep. /%-,  里 

in front of (;A) }R/-/, 在…前面

in search of :5S=-28A/-0:A-OR., ---:5S=-2:3-8A2-:)$-LJ.-0,  寻找

India /'Indi@/ o-$<,  印度

infection /In"fekSn/ n. :$R?-/.-.3-<A3?-/., || Something that causes a disease in a body, so the body

becomes infected. 传染病，感染

instead /In"sted/ adv. 52-+,  代替,更换

interested /"Intr@stId/ a.3R-$%-.R.-0R,  感兴趣的

interesting /"Intr@stIN; -trest-/ adj. 3R-$%-w/-0, 有趣的

interesting/"Intr@stIN;/ adj. 3R-2-.R.-0,  有趣的,  令人关注的 

intestines /In"testIns/ n. o-3, || The part of the body into which the remains of food passes after the

stomach. 肠

invitation /%InvI"teISn/ n. 3PR/-:2R.-.3-$./-8,  邀请

invite /In"vaIt/ v. $./-:SJ/-8-2,  邀请

is /iz/ v. <J.,  是

island /'ail@nd/ n. \A%-U/,  岛,岛屿

Italian /i"t&lj@n/ n. AA-,-=A:A-3A, ({.,}  意大利人

Italy /i't@li/ n. AA-,-=A?,  意大利

jacket /"dZ&kIt/ noun. !R.-H,  夹克,  短上衣 

January /"dZ&nju@ri/ n. ^-2-.%-0R,  一月

Japan/dZ@"p&n/ n. :)<-0/, 日本

Japanese /%dZ&p@'ni:z/ n.:)<-1/-IA-{., :)<-1/-0,  日语, 日本人

•303•
job /dZOb/ n. =?-!  工作

join /dZOIn/ vt. 8$?-0, z/-.,  参加,和…做伴

journey /"dZ3:ni/ n. v-{R<, 旅行

July /dZu"laI/ a. ^-2-2./-0, 七月

June /dZu:n/ n. ^-2-S$-0, 六月

just /dZVst/ a. .-v-<%-, .J-3-,$ 仅仅,只是

kind /kaInd/ n. <A$?, H, 种类

king /kIN/ n. o=-2R,  国王,君主

king /kIN/ n. o=-2R,  大王, 国王 

kitchen /"kItSIn/ n. $;R?-#%-, 厨房

kite /kaIt/ n. >R$-L, 风筝

know /n@U/ n. %R->J?, >J?-0,  知道,认识

Kumbum {-:23,   塔尔寺

Labor Day holiday %=-lR=-.?-(J/,  劳动节假期

Ladakh =-?$?,  拉达克

lady /"leIdi/ n. t3-3R,  女士

lake /leIk/ n. 35K:,  湖

Lama /"la:m@/ n. 9-2,  喇嘛

land /l&nd/ vi. ?<-:22-0,  降落,着陆

language /"l&NgwIdZ/ n. {.-(,  语言

large /lA:dZ/ a. (J/-0R, 大的, 巨大的

larva /"l A:v@/ n. YA/-:2, 幼虫

last /lA:st/ a. (^-2-?R$?,)}R/-3, 最近的  

•304•
last /lA:st/ adj. (J?-3,:-3:A,  最终,  最后的

later /leit@/ adj. eJ?-?,  之后, 以后

later /leit@/ adj. eJ?-?,  更后的,后面的 

Latin /'l&tin / n. =-,A/-{.,  拉丁语

lead /li:d/ n. (:5S-2,)<R=-2, 过（生活）

lead yak $-OA.-3#/-IA-$;$ 领头的牦牛

leap year 5K?-z$-;R.-0:A-=R, 闰年

learn /l3:n/ vi. aR2-.R%-,  学习 

leather boots !R-2-=?-29R?-0:A-:)<-g,  皮靴

leave (for) …. /li:v/ v. =-2*R.-0,  前往到…; 到…去

lecture /"lektS@/ n. $?%-2>., $+3-2eR.,  演讲

left /left/ a. z$-3, 剩余的

lemon /"lem@n/ n. =J-3/, (o-{.-.-*A/-3/-9J<, 柠檬

lesson /"lesn/ n. aR2-,/,  课程 课

letter /"let@/ n.:UA/-;A$ 信

lichen /"laik@n/ n. %%-lA,  青苔，苔藓

life /laIf/ a. 5K-YR$,  生命

life span 5K-5., 3A-5K-$%-2R, 寿命，生命期限

lift (lift a box) /lift/ n. :.J$?-0,(|3-(%-8A$-;<-:.J$?-0,) 举起, 提高

like /laIk/ prep .$:-2, 喜欢 

like /laIk/ prep :S-2, 相似的,同样的

line /laIn/ vi. {.-0, (\R$) {., 线,电话线

listen /"lIsn/ vi. */-0,  听

•305•
  
live (live in) /lIv/ vi. #R.-0, (/%-.-#R.-0,) 居住

live /lIv/ vi. #R.-0,  居住

liver /"lIv@/ n. 3(A/-0, || A large organ of the body, which is a cleaning organ for the body.肝脏

liverworm 3(A/-YA/,  肝虫
livestock /"laIvstQk/ n. |R-K$?,  家畜,牲畜 

living language  2!R=-28A/-0:A-{.-<A$?,  应用语言, 现用的语言

living room :P=-#%-,  客厅,起居室

local /"l@Ukl/ adj. ?-$/?-GA,  地方的,乡土的

local /"l@Ukl/ adj. ?-$/?,  地方的,乡土的

located $/?-0, ($?-0,  位于,坐落于,

London /'lVnd@n/ n. =/-+/,  伦敦 

long /lQN/ a. ;/-<A%-0R, <A%-2R,  长期的,长的

long-sleeved 1-,%-<A%-2R,  长袖的

love /lVv/ vt..%?-2, .$:-2,  喜爱,爱

love to LJ.-:.R.-0:3-3R?-0-L%-2, 喜爱,热爱

lovely /"lVvli/ adj. ;A.-.-:R%-2,  可爱的，有趣的 

lucky /"lVki/ a. =?-&/, 幸运的,好运的

lunch /lVntS/ n. $%-5B$?, SR?-),  午餐

magnificent /m&g"nIfIsnt/ adj. 2eA.-*3?-(J-=-36K?-#$-w/-0:A,  宏伟的,华丽的

mainly /"meInli/ adv. $4S-2R<,  主要地,大体上

major (in) /"meIdZ@/ vi. (J.-.R%-, (J.-$*J<-2a2-L, 专业

make /meIk/ vt. 29R?-0, 制造，进行

makes the trail b%-eJ?-29R-2:3,  留踪迹，足迹，脚印 

•306•
man /m&n/ n. 1R, *J?-0,  男人

many /"meni/ 3%-0R,  很多 

map /m&p/ n.?-O,  地图 

map /m&p/ n.?-O,  地图

March /mA:tS/ n. ^-2-$?3-0,  三月

married /"m&rid/ adj. $*J/-21A$?-0,  已婚的 

marvelous /"mA:v@l@s/ adj. @-&%-29%-2, 惊奇的, 了不起的

May /meI/ n. ^-2-s-2,  五月

may /meI/ v. (R$-0,  可能,也许,可以,准许

me /mi:/ pron. %-,  我 

meat /mi:t/ n. > 肉

meat /mi:t/ n. >,  肉

medicine /"medsn/ n. (/, 药

Mediterranean /%medIt@"reInI@n/ adj. ?-.GA=-o-35S, 地中海

meet /mi:t/ v. %R-,$-0,  遇见,  相识

meeting /"mi:tIN/ n. 5S$?-:.-:5S$?-0, 5S$?-:.,  开会

memorize /"mem@raIz/ v.]R<-:6B/-0,  记住,记忆

mend /mend/ v. 8A$-$?R-LJ.-0,  修理,修补

message /"mesIdZ/ n.:UA/, {.-:)R$-0,  消息,信息

middle /"mIdl/ adj. & n. 2<-.GA=,  中间, 当中, 中央 

mile /maIl/ n. .LA/-=J,  英里

milk /mIlk/ n.:R-3,  奶,乳

milk /mIlk/ n.:R-3, 牛奶,乳

•307•
million /"mIlj@n/ n. ?-;,  百万 

mine /maIn/ pron. %-;A, %:A-;A/,  我的

mine /maIn/ pron. %:A,  我的 

ministers /"mInIst@(r)s/ n. ]R/-0R,  大臣

minute /"mInIt/ n. (.?-5S.,){<-3 分,分钟 

miss /mIs/ vt. S/-0, 怀念, 想

modern /"mQdn/ a..J%-<2?-GA,  现代的

moment /"m@Um@nt/ n.;/-43, 瞬间

Monday /"mVndeI; -di/ n. $9:-^-2,  星期一 

money /"mVni/ n. |R<-3R, 钱

month /mVnT/ n. (=R-^:A)^-2,  月

more /mO:/ adv. .J-=?-3%-2,  更多,  更  

most /m@Ust/ a. 1=-(J-2,3%->R?,  多数的,大部分的

mother /"mVD@/ n. A-3,  妈妈, 母亲

motto /"mQt@U/ n. =J$?-2>.-.3-$.3?-%$ || A sentence or some words encouraging people to do

something good and helpful. 座右铭，格言

mountain god $8A-2.$ 土地神,山神

move /mu:v/ v. %R<-2, :$=-2*R.,搬家,

movement /"mu:vm@nt/ n. =?-:$=, 运动

movie /"mu:vi/ noun. \R$-2f/,  电影

much /mVtS/ a. & ad. @-&%-3%-0R, :2R<-(J/,  许多 大量

museum /mju"zI@m/ n. .%R?-3%-2>3?-!R/-#%-,  博物馆

music /"mju:zIk/ n. <R=-.L%?,  音乐

•308•
musical /"mju:zIkl/ a. 1-.L%?-GA,  音乐的

must /m@st/ n. %J?-0<-., :R?-0, 必须

mutton /"mVtn/ n. =$-> 羊肉

mutton /"mVtn/ n. =$->,  羊肉  
my /maI/ pron. %-;A,  我的 

name /neIm/ vt. 3A%-,  名字 

nasty /"nA:sti/ adj ,2?-h$?-0R, || not pleasant, bad 令人讨厌的，险恶的

National Day holiday o=-!R/-.?-(J/,  国庆节假期

nationality /%n&S@"n&l@ti/ n. o=-#R%?,  国籍

nearly /"nI@li/ ad. 1=-(J<, *J-2, 附近的

need /"ni:d/ n. 3#R-2,  需要

neighbor /"neIb@/ n. HA3-35K?, 邻居

neighborhood /"neIb@hUd/ n. *J-:#R<, 附近,邻居

Nepal /nI "pQ:l/ n. 2=-2R, 尼泊尔

nephew /"nefju:; "nevju:/ noun. 5-2R,  侄子,外甥

Netherlands /"neD@l@ndz/ n. /J-n<-=/,  荷兰

never /"nev@/ ad. $+/-/?, 决不,永不

new /nju:/ a. $?<-2,  新的

new /nju:/ adj. $?<-2,  新的 

New Words six /sIks/ num. S$ 六

New Year’s Holiday =R-$?<-.?-(J/,  新年假期

newspaper /"nju:zpeIp@/ n. 5$?-0<,  报纸 

next /nekst/ adj. ($9:)eJ?-3,  其次的, 紧接着的, 下一个的

•309•
nice (Nice to meet you.) /naIs/ a. 29%-2, ;$-0R,(HR.-.%-3)=-2-29%-,) 令人愉快的,使人高兴的,(见

到你高兴)
niece /ni:s/ noun. 5-3R,  侄女,  甥女

nine /naIn/ num..$,  九 

no /n@U/ 3-<J., 3A/,  不,无,不是 

no /n@U/ 3J., (.$$-1,) 不, 无

nomadic /n@u"m&dik/ n. :VR$-0:A,  游牧的

 
noodles (a bowl of noodles) /"nu:dls/ n. ,$-0, (,$-0-.!<-;R=-$%-,) 面条（一碗面条）

north /nO:T/ n. L%-KR$?,  北,北部

northeast /"nO:T"i:st/ n. L%-><,  东北、

not /nQt/ adj. 3A/, .$$-1,  不,没,不是 

not any more 353?-:)R$-0, 3-3,.-.J-3A-LJ.-0, 再不;不比…多

not soon forget M<-.-2eJ.-3A-,2-0<,  不会很快忘记

novel /"nQvl/ n. 1%-<A%-, 小说

November /n@U"vemb@/ n. ^-2-2&-$&A$-0,  十一月

number /"nVmb@/ vt. A%-g$?, A%-P%?,  号码

number /"nVmb@/ vt. P%?-!,  号码 

nurse /n3:s/ n. /.-$;R$ 护士

 
o’clock /@"klQk/ n..?-5S., …点, …点钟

ocean /"@USn/ n. o-35S,  大海,海洋

October /Qk"t@Ub@/ n. ^-2-2&-2,  十月

of $A-?R$?-:VJ=-1:A-.R/,  属于(某事物)的,(某物)的

of course (R?-3-.$R?-0, 当然

office /"QfIs/ n. $8%-=?-#%-,  办公室

•310•
official /@"fISl/ n. $8%-$A-=?-LJ.-0, $8%-KR$?-GA:3-.0R/-<A$?-GA,  官员, 公务员

often /"Qfn; "Qft@n/ ad. o/-0<,  经常

OK /%@U"keI/ a. & ad. (R$-0, 29%-2, 好, 对, 行

old /@Uld/ a. c/-0,  年老的 

old /@Uld/ adj. c/-0,  年老的

olive /"QlIv/ n. A-<-<, 橄榄树

on /Qn/ prep. & ad.!J%-/,  在…上

one /wVn/ adj. $&A$ 一

only /"@Unli/ a. n%-2, #R-/, +$-+$  只,仅仅

only /"@Unli/ adj. +$-+$,  $&A$-0:3-#R-/,只, 仅仅, 才

or /O:/ conj.;%-/,  或

orange /"QrIndZ/ n. 5-=-3, 桔子,橙子

other /"VD@/ adj. & pron. $8/-.%R?-0R-?R$?, $8/-0,  其他 

over the New Year Holiday =R-$?<-.?-!R/-IA-<A%-=, 新年假期

over there 1-$A-/,  那边

overseas /%@Uv@"si:z/ ad. KA-o=, KA-\A%-,  海外的,外国

own /@Un/ n. <%-*A.-GA,  自己的

paint (paint a picture) /peInt/ n. <A-3R-:VA-2,  给…上油漆 画画,描绘

palace /"p&l@s/ n. 1R-V%-,  宫殿

Palace of Unchanging Compassion 1R-V%-3A-:I<-L3?-0-\A%-,  永久慈悲宫

parasite /"p&r@saIt/ n. $8/-2gJ/-YA/-:2, || A living thing, which lives off another living thing. 寄生虫

parents /’pe@r@nts/ n. 1-3-$*A?-! 父母亲

park /pA:k/ n. \A%-$, ,A-\A%-, 公园

•311•
  
park /pA:k/ n. \A%-!, ,A-\A%-,  公园
particularly /p@"tIkj@l@li/ adv. z$-0<-., H.-0<-.,  独特地,显著地

pass /pA:s/ vt. :.%-2, 2c=-2,  通过      

passenger /"p&sIndZ@/ n.:P=-28.-0,  旅客,乘客

passive voice U.-$8/-.2%-&/,  被动式

passport /"pA:spO:t/ n. KA-:PR:A-=$-HJ<, =3-;A$ 护照,通行证

past /pA:st/ a. & n. :.?-0,  过去的, 超过

pay /peI/ vt. (|R<-3R) 3R.-0,  支付,付清

payment /"peIm@nt/ n. <A/-0, \-.%=,  付款,报酬

pen /pen/ n. t$?-/$  钢笔   

pencil /"pensl/ n. 8-/$ 铅笔 

people /"pi:pl/ n. 3A(3%-5B$) 人(复数)

performed VR-?R$?-:O2-0,  表演,演出

perhaps /p@"h&ps; pr&ps/ ad. 1=-(J<,  或许，

period /"pI@ri@d/ n..?-{2?,  一段时间

permission /p@"mISn/ n. (R$-3(/, 许可, 同意

phone (telephone) number  #-0<-A%-P%?,  电话号码 

photograph /"f@Ut@grA:f/ n.:S-0<,  照片, 相片

piano /pi"&n@U/ n. iR-4J%-,  钢琴

pick /pIk/ vt.:,-2, 2+R$-0, 摘

picnic (have a picnic) /"pIknIk/ n. 3R-$?J%-, (3R-$?J%-=-:PR-2,  野餐，野炊)

picnic /"pIknIk/ n. \A%-$-$+R%-2,  野餐

picnic /"pIknIk/ n. 3R-$?J%-$+R%-2, 野餐，(去)野餐

•312•
pictorial /pIk"tO:ri@l/ n. & a. 2f/-0<,  画报，有图片的,用图片表示的 

picture /"pIktS@/ n. <A-3R,  画,照片, 图画 

pilgrim /"pIlgrIm/ n. $/?-3)=-2,  朝圣者

pilot /"paIl@t/ n. $/3-P:A-#-=R-2, 飞行员

ping pong :1J/-:1%?--%R-=R,  乒乓球

place /pleIs/ n. ?-(,  地方, 地点

plan /pla:n/n. :(<-$8A,  计划,打算 

plan /pla:n/n.:(<-$8A,  计划

plane /pleIn/ n. $/3-P,  飞机

play /pleI/ vi. lJ.-0,  玩,打(篮球等)

pleasant /"pleznt/ a. *A.-0R, 令人愉快的

please /pli:z/ vi. $/%-.$R?, 8,  请

poaching /p@utSiN/ n. qR$-$?R., (<A-?$?-?R$?-qR$-/?-dR/-0,)偷猎

poem /"p@UIm/ n. ~/-%$ 诗,诗歌

policeman /p@"li:sm@n/ n.   *J/-gR$-0, 公安人员，警察

political /p@"lItIkl/ adj. (2-YA.-GA,  政治上的,政治有关的,政权的

poor /pO:/ a. @-&%-8/-0, .2=-2R, 可怜的,贫穷的 

poor /pO:/ a..2=-2R, :5S-2-%/-%R/,  贫穷的

poor diet  29:-2+%-8/-0, 29:-2+%-#$-0R,  乏味的食物，简旦的食物

pound /paUnd/ n. 0%-, ( .LA/-)A:A-|R<-3R, ) 英镑

precaution /prI"kO:Sn/ n. }R/-:$R$ || Taking action to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant

happening. 预防

present /"preznt/ a. .-v,  现在的

•313•
probable /"prQb@bl/ adj. ;A/->R?-(J-2:3-;A/-YA.-0:A,  很可能的，大概的

probably /"prQb@bli/ ad. 1=-(J<, ;A/-YA.-0,  或许, 大概

problem /"prQbl@m/ n. $/.-.R/,  问题

professor /pr@"fes@/ n..$J-c/-(J/-3R,  教授 

program /"pr@Ugr&m/ n. =J-5/, v.-3R,  节目

publishing house .0<-#%-,  出版社

put /pUt/ vt. 28$-0, 放,摆

quarter /"kwO:t@/ n. {<-3-2&R-s,  一刻钟 

question /"kwestS@n/ n. SA-2,  问题

quickly /"kwIkli/ ad. 3IR$?-0R:A-%%-,  快地,迅速地

quiet /"kwaI@t/ a. #-?A3-0, zA%-:)$?,安静的

radio /"reIdi@U/ n. 1-#.-:U=-(?,  收音机

rain /reIn/ n. (<-:22-0, 下雨

rainy /"reIni/ a. (<-8R.-(J-2,  下雨的,多雨的

raise /reIz/ v. ($/.-.R/-?R$?):SA-2,  提出(问题)

rapid decline )J-*%-.-:PR-3IR$?-0,  迅速下降， 迅速减少

receive /rI"si:v/ vt. :LR<-2,  受到,接受,收到

record /"rekO:d/ n. 1-12-:#R<-=R, 1-,$ 唱片

record /"rekO:d/ vt. 1-12-0, 录音

recorder /"rekO:d/ n. 1-12-:U=-:#R<,  录音机 

recording /rI"kO:dIN/ noun. 1-=J/, 1-12,  录

red/ red/ noun. .3<-0R,  红色 

reform movement =J$?-2&R?,   改革

•314•
refuse /rI"fju:z/ vt. #?-3-]%?-0, 拒绝

reign /reIn/ n. .2%-+<,  统治

relative adverbs :VJ=-2:A-2i/-5B$ 关系副词

relative pronouns :VJ=-2:A-52-5B$ 关系代词

religion /rI"lIdZ@n/ n. (R?-=$?,  宗教

religious and political commentaries (R?-YA.-$*A?-GA-2!/-2&R?, (关于)政教的解说词(书)

request /rI"kwest/ vt. <J-2, ]%-L-:.R/-0,  要求,请求

rest /rest/ vi. & n. %=-$?R, 休息

rest /rest/ vi. & n. z$-0:A-#$ 其余

restaurant /"restrQnt/ n. 9-#%-,  餐厅, 饭馆

return /rI"t3:n/ vi. KA<(=R$-0,) 返回,回来

review (to review lessons) /rI"vju:/ vt. 2*<-.R%-, (aR2-5/-2*<-.R%-LJ.-0,) 复习

review /rI"vju:/ vt. 2*<-.R%-, 复习

rice /raIs/ noun. :V?,  米 

rich /rItS/ a. K$-0R, 富裕, 有钱的

ridden at full gallop (J?-M<-2:A-$R3-!2?,  最大步幅 

rifle /"raIfl/ n. 3J-3.:, <A%-3.:,  步枪 

right /raIt/ a.;%-.$-0, 正确的

ring, rang SA=-2h-$+R%(2+%)2, #-0<-$+R%-2, 打(电话)

road /r@Ud/ n. =3, 路

roasted barley mixed with butter, cheese, tea and a little sugar (zamba) l3-0,(2dR?-9A/-0:A-/?-KJ-3<-.%-

(<-2-)-.%-!-<-*%-%-8A$-.%-2YJ?-/?-29R?-0-;A/,) 糌粑

room /ru:m; rUm/ n. #%-2,  房间 

•315•
room /ru:m; rUm/ n. #%-2,  房间

rule /ru:l/ noun. 1A$-=3,  规则, 规律 

safety /"seIfti/ n. 2.J-:)$?,  安全, 保险

same /seIm/ a. $&A$-:S, 同一的, 相同的

Saturday /"s&t@deI; -di/ n. $9:-%J/-0,  星期六

school /sku:l/ n. aR2-9,  学校 

school /sku:l/ n. aR2-9,  学校

school-girl 2-3R-aR2-9-2, (中小学)女生

scientist /"saI@ntIst/ n. 5/-<A$-0,  科学家 

scripture /"skrIptS@/ vt. & vi. .3-0:A-$?%-<2, (R?-.0J, 经典, 佛经

season /"si:zn/ n. .?-5B$?,  季节

seclusion /sI"klu:Zn/ n. 353?-=-2#.-0, .2J/-$/?,  隐居, 僻静

second /"sek@nd/ num. $*A?-0,  第二

secretary /"sekr@tri/ n. S%-;A$ 秘书

see /si:/ vt. & vi. 3A$-$A?-3,R%-2,  看, 看到, 看见  

seldom /"seld@m/ ad. @-&%-*%-2,  很少,不常

sell, sold 24S%-2, 卖, 销售

send, sent, sent /send/ /sent/ n. 2*=-2, {<-2, 2{<-2, 送, 寄

sentence /"sent@ns/ n. 5B$ 句子

September /sep"temb@/ n. ^-2-.$-2,  九月

serve /s3:v/ vt. 82?-:.J$?,  服务, 供应

serve /s3:v/ vt. 82?-8,  服务

service /"s@:vis/ v. 82?-:.J$?,  服务

•316•
seven /"sevn/ num. 2./,  七  
seventeen /%sevn"ti:n/ num. 2&-2./,  十七

several /"sevr@l/ a. & n.:$:, .-3, 几次(个)

:$:-8A$
several /"sevr@l/ adj. & n. 几(次), (个) 数个

shall /S@l; S&l/ v. (L)o, 将, 应该 

she /Si:/ pron. 3R,  她 

sheep /Si:p/ n. =$ 羊

sheep /Si:p/ n. =$ 羊

sheepskin  =$-x$?,  羊皮
shirt /S3:t/ noun. 5B=-=J/,  衬衫

shop /SQp/ n. 5S%-#%,  商店

shopping /"SQpIN/ n. *R-12,  购物 

shower /"SaU@/ n. (<-:O.,  淋浴 

shun contact :VJ=-:SA?-.!R/-0, 避免接触

shut /SVt/ vt. $+/-0, 关闭

sight /saIt/ n. v.-3R<-2v-?,   uR%?-i3, 情景, 景象

significance /sIg"nIfIk@ns/ n. .R/-~A%-,  意义,含义 

simple /"sImpl/ a. !2?-2.J, ,A<-2+%-2, 简单的,朴素的

since ... /sIns/ conj. & prep. (.?-5S.)/?-29%-, 自…以来

sing (\-?R$?)=J/-0,  唱 

single /"sINgl/ a. 3A-n%-,  单人的

single file P=-!<-$&A$-$3-#J<-3, 一列纵队，单行

sister /"sIst@/ n. $&J/-3R-.%-$&%-3R,  姐妹 

•317•
sit /sIt/ v. 4S$-0, ?<-2#.-0, 坐

skill /skIl/ n. l=,  技能,本领 

slaughter house or abattoir 2>R?-<, || A building where animals are killed for food. 屠宰场

sleep /sli:p/ vi. $*A.-0, 睡觉 

sleepy /"sli:pi/ adj. $*A.-:R%-2, $*A.-3-?.,  想睡的,嗜眠的

small /smO:l/ a. (%-(%-,  小的

smile /smaIl/ vi. :63-0, :63-3.%?,  微笑，

smoke /sm@Uk/ vi. & vt..-2, .-2-:K<-2,  烟,冒烟

snow /sn@U/ n. & v. #-2,  雪

so /s@U/ a..J:A-nJ/-IA?, .J<-2gJ/,  所以, 因而

so /s@U/ a..J<-2gJ/,  所以

soldier /"s@UldZ@/ n. .3$-3A,  军人 

some /s@m; sVm/ ad. & n.:$:-8A$ 有些, 一部分, 若干, 少量

something /"sVmTIN/ pron..%R?-0R-8A$ .%R?-0R-$%-<%-,  某事, 某物, 某东西 

something /"sVmTIN/ pron..R/-L-8A$ .%R?-0R-8A$ 某事，某物

son /sVn/ n. 2,  儿子 

song /sQN/ n. \, 歌，歌曲

Songtsen Gampo YR%-24/-|3-0R,  松赞干布

soon /su:n/ ad. 3A-:I%?-0, 3IR$?-0R,  不久,即可

sorry (I'm sorry.) /"sQri/ a. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?,对不起

sound /sQN/ n. 1,  声音

south /saUT/ zR-KR$?,  南方

Spain /'sp&n/ n. ?A-1J/, 西班牙

•318•
Spanish/"sp&niS/ adj ＆ n?A-0/-IA-{.-;A$ 西班牙语

speak /spi:k/ vi. 2>.-0,  去说话, 谈话

speak /spi:k/ vi. 2>.-0,  说,  讲 

spinning prayer wheel 3-EA-:#R<-=R, 转经筒

spring /sprIN/ n. (-3A$ .JA.-!,泉

spring /sprIN/ n..JA.-! 春天

stamp the ground ?-=-b%-h2-LJ.-0, 跺(脚),

start /stA:t/ vt. & vi. 3$R-lR3-0,  开始

start /stA:t/ vt. & vi.:$R-lR3-0,  开始

start off :PR-:$R-2l3?-0, 出发

state /steIt/ n. #=, NA$ 州 邦

station /"steISn/ n. ?-5B$?, ?-$/?, 车站, 位置

stay /steI/ vi.:.$-0, 2#.-0,  呆, 停留, 留宿

steal, stole, stolen /sti:l/ vt. 2b-0, 2b?-0,  偷盗

still /stIl/ ad. .-<%-, .-v:A-2<-., 还要, 还, 依然

stop /stQp/ vi. 353?-28$-0,  停止

story /"stO:ri/ n. $+3-o.,  故事, 小说 

storybook /"st O:ribUk/ n. 1%-.0J,  故事书

strange /streIndZ/ a. o?-3J.-0, ;-35<-2,  陌生的, 奇怪的

street /stri:t/ n. Y%-=3, 街道

student /"stju:dnt/ n. aR2-3,  学生 

study /"stVdi/ vt. aR2-.R%-,  学习 

subject /"sVbdZIkt/ a. 2a2-L,  学科, 科目 

•319•
successful /s@k"sesfl/ a. =J$?-:P2-L%-2,  成功的, 圆满的

such /sVtS/ a..J-:S,  如此的, 这类的, 这样的

summer /"sVm@/ n..L<-#,  夏天

summer /"sVm@/ n..L<-#,  夏天

Sunday /"sVndeI; -di/ n. $9:-*A-3,  星期天

supper /"sVp@/ n..$R%-), /2-5=,  晚餐

 
supper /"sVp@/ n..$R%-9?, 晚餐, 晚饭

sure /SO:/ a. #R-,$-(R.-0, =R?-(R$,  肯定的, 有把握的, 确信的

sure /SO:/ a.#R-,$-;A/-0, =R?-;A/,  肯定,

surefooted b%-2-2g/-0, 脚踏实地的，稳当的

surprised /s@"praIzd/ a.;-35<-2, 惊讶的,意外的

sweat glands 5-2:A-kJ/-2, 汗腺 

Sweden /"swi:dn/ n. ?A-7J-+J/, 瑞典

sweep /swi:p/ v. K$?-0,  打扫

swim /swIm/ v. (-n=-2,  游泳 

swim /swIm/ v. (-n=, 游泳

symptom /"sImpt@m/ n. /.-g$?, || A sign that you are ill. 症状

table /"teIbl/ n. 3./-&R$ &R$-4K,  桌子

take a seat 28$?,  请坐,坐下

take the animals out |R-K$?-i3?-|R-KA<-1.-0, 在外放牧

talk /tO:k/ n. 2>.-0, #-2h,  演说,讲话

talk /tO:k/ vi. & vt. $+3-2>., #-2h,  说话,谈话,谈论

Tang Dynasty ,%-o=-<2?,  唐朝

•320•
tapeworm /"teipw@:m/ n. o-YA/-/<-3R, || A parasite which attaches itself to the intestines and can travel

to other organs of the body. 绦虫

target /"tA:gIt/ n. :2J/-/3-.3A$?-;=,  目标 

tax /t&ks/ n. O=-.%=,  税款

taxi /"t&ksi/ n. \-LJ.-_%?-:#R<, ($/3-P) 计程车, 出租车

tea ),  茶

teacher /"ti:tS@/ n. .$J-c/,  老师 

technical /"teknIkl/ a. 29R-l=, 工艺的, 技术的

technician /tek"nISn/ n. =$-l=-0,  技术人员 

telephone /"telIf@Un/ n. #-0<,  电话

television (TV set) /"telIvIZn/ n. 2f/-:UA/,  电视

tell /tel/ vt. 2>.-0, 说, 告诉

temple /"templ/ n. z-#%-,   寺,神殿

ten /ten/ num. 2&,  十

tent /tent/ n. 4-$<,   <?-$<,  帐篷 

term (semester) /t3:m/ n. aR2-{2?,  学期

than /D@n; D&n/ conj. 2v?-/, (2#<-2:A-5B$) 比较, 比

thank /T&Nk/ n.,$?-eJ-(J,  谢谢, 感谢  

thanks /T&Nks/ vt.,$?-eJ-(J,  谢谢, 感谢

the /D@; Di; Di:/ art. :.A, (用于名词前指已知的事物)

theirs /De@z/ pron. #R-5S:C,  他们的 

them /D@m; Dem/ pron. #R-5S,  他们 

then /Den/ ad. eJ?-?,   .J-/?, 然后

•321•
these /Di:z/ pron.:.A-.$  这些     

thing /TIN/ n..%R?-0R, 东西

think /TINk/ v.?J3?-0, 2?3-]R-$+R%-2,  想, 思考, 认为

third /T3:d/ num. $?3-0,  第三

thirty /"T3:ti/ num.?3-&,  三十

this /DIs/ pron. :.A,  这

Thonmi Sambhota ,R/-3A-?3-SR-B,  同弥散布扎

those /D@Uz/.J-5S, .J-.$ 那些

three /Tri:/ num. $?3,  三

throughout /Tru:"aUt/ adv, prep $%-?-$%-.:3-KR$?-;R%?-?,  到处, 始终

Thursday /"T3:zdeI; -di/ n. $9:-1<-2,  星期四

Tibetan /ti"bet@n / adj. & n. 2R.-0, 2R.-{., 2R.-GA, 藏族, 藏人, 藏语, 藏族的 

Tibetan Plateau 35S-2R.-3,R-|%-,  青藏高原

Tibetan robe 2R.-H->3-<A%-&/,  藏式长袍

tidy /"taIdi/ a. P=-:PA$-0R, P=-.$,   整洁的,整整齐齐

till /til/ vt. 2<-., 直到, 至

time /taIm/ n..?-5S.,  时间 

tired /"taI@d/ a.,%-(.-0,  疲劳的,疲乏的,累的

to /t@; tu:; tu; tu:/ prep. =, (=-.R/-IA-1,)  往, 向, 到

to hold (a festival)(.?-(J/-IA)36.-|R-%J=-2,  举行 

to perform :O2-!R/-LJ.-0,  表演, 演出 

together /t@"geD@/ ad. 3*3-.,  一起

together /t@"geD@/ adj. 3*3-.,  一起,  一块儿 

•322•
tomb /tu:m/ n..<-?, 2%-?R, 坟墓

tomorrow /t@"mQr@U/ n.?%-*A/,  明天

tonight /t@"naIt/ n. .J.$R%-, 今晚

too /tu:/ ad. @-&%-, 太,非常          

too /tu:/ adj. G%-, :%-, ;%-,  也

took pictures  :S-0<-]%?-0,  照相 

toothbrush /"tu: TbrVS/ n.:O.-LJ., ?R-:O., 牙刷

toothpaste /"tu:TpeIst/ n. ?R-:.$-m?, ?R-(/, 牙膏

town /taUn/ n. PR%-h=, PR%-HJ<-IA-vJ-2,  城镇,市镇

traditional /tr@di"S@nl/ adj.YR=-o/-IA,  传统的

train /treIn/ n. 3J-:#R<,  火车 

transcription /"tr&nskrIptSn/ n. 2-;A$-+-12-0,2o.-/?-2>-2, 转录,抄本 

translate /tr&nz"leIt/ vt. =R-4, 翻译

translate /tr&nz"leIt/ vt.;A$-2+<,  翻译

translation /tr&nz"leISn/ n. =R-4, 2+<-(R?,  翻译

travel /"tr&vl/ vi.;=-{R<-LJ.-0,    旅游 旅行

tree /tri:/ n. #R%-2R, 树

trip /trIp/ n. v-{R<, ?-(-8A$-=-:PR-2, 旅行

try /traI/ vt. 5S.-v-LJ.-0,  试,试图

Tsongkhapa 4S%-#-2,  宗喀巴

tube /tju:b/ n. 3.R%-3R, &-$ 管子,筒

Tuesday /"tju:zdeI; -di/ n. $9:-3A$-.3<,  星期二

TV /%ti: "vi:/ n. 2f/-:UA/,  电视

•323•
TV set (television) 2f/-:UA/,  电视

twelve /twelv/ num. 2&-$*A?,  十二

twenty /"twenti/ num. *A->,  二十

twenty /"twenti/ num. *A->,  二十

two /tu:/ adj. $*A?,  二 

U.S.A. (United States of America) A-3J-<-!, 美国 

uncle /"VNkl/ n. A-#, A-8%-, 叔叔,舅舅,姑父

uncle /"VNkl/ n. A-#, 伯父, 叔父, 舅父, 姑丈, 姨丈

uncontrolled /"Vnk@n"tr@uld/ adj. 5S.-:6B/-3J.-0,  未受控制的，自由的

under /"Vnd@/ prep.:R$-+, :R$-/?, 在…之下

understand /%Vnd@"st&nd/ vt. @-$R-2,  知道,理解

unite /ju:"naIt/ vi. 3*3-:VJ=,  联合

university /%ju:nI"v3:s@ti/ n. aR2-9-(J/-3R,  大学  
unusual /Vn"ju:Zu@l; -Z@l/ ad. o/-w/-3A/-0,  异常的, 不平常的

use to L?-MR%-, 以前曾是

usually /"ju:Zu@li; -Z@li/ ad..?-o/-., 通常 平常

usually /"ju:Zu@li; -Z@li/ adj. o/-0<,  通常地,  平常地 

valid /"v&lId/ a. /?-0-w/-0,  有法律效力的,有效的

valuable collection l-(J-2:A->=-28$-$3-l-(J:A-2#-<2,  珍贵收藏

various /"ve@ri@s/ adj. :S-3A/-$-5S$?-GA:3-&A-<A$?,  各种各样的

very /"veri/ adj. @-&%-,  很, 非常

very much  >A/-+, @-&%-,  很,  非常,  十分 

village /"vIlIdZ/ n. #J-2, PR%-5S, 村庄

•324•
violent /"vaI@l@nt/ adj S$->$?-GA?,  猛烈的,强暴的

visit /"vIzIt/ vt.:53?-:SA, 3)=-2,  访问，探望，参观

vowel sounds .L%?-;A$ 元音声

Wales /weilz/ n. 2J=-ZA-o=-#2,  威尔士 

walk /wO:k/ a.:PR-2,  走,步行

wall /wO:l/ n. I%-,  墙 

wall /wO:l/ n. I%-,  墙

want /wQnt/ vt. :.R.-0, <J-2-LJ.-0, 想要, 要,希望

wardrobe /"wO:dr@Ub/ n. H-2:A-1R3,  衣柜

wash (wash the clothes) /wQS/ v. & n.:O.-0, (H-2-:O.-0,) 洗(衣服)

wash /wQS/ v. & n. 2N-2,  洗

watch (wristwatch) /wQtS/ n. =$-:.R$?-(-5S.-:#R<-=R, 手表 

watch /wQtS/ vt. 2v-2,  看

way /weI/ n. =3, 路

we /wi:/ pron. %-5S,  我们

weather /"weD@/ n. $/3-$>A?,  天气

Wednesday /"wenzdeI; -di/ n. $9:-z$-0,  星期三

week /wi:k/ n. $9:-:#R<, 星期,周

weekend /%wi:k"end/ noun. $9:-3)$ 周末

welcome /"welk@m/ vt..$:-2?-8,  欢迎

well /wel/ n. 29%-0R,  好, 非常, 完全地

Welsh /welS/ adj. 2J=-ZA:A-{.-.3-3A,  威尔士人

western /"west@n/ a. /2-KR$?-GA, 西方的

what /wQt/ pron. &A-8A$ 什么

when /wen/ conj. /3, 5K, 在…的时候

when /wen/ conj..?-/3-8A$-=, …的时候,

where /we@/ adj. $%-/?, $%-., 哪儿

which /wItS/ pron. $%-8A$ 哪一个

who /hu:/ pron. ?,  谁 

whole /h@Ul/ n. ZA=-2R,  全体,全部,所有的

why /waI/ ad. &A:A-KA<,  为什么

will /wIl/ aux. (LJ.)o, (PR$?-5B$) 将, 将要, 会, 要,

window /"wInd@U/ n. |J:-#%-, S-3,  窗户

winter /"wInt@/ n. & a..$/-#,  冬天

with /wID; wIT/ prep. 3*3-.,  和(一起), 同, 跟; (某物)旁边

with /wID; wIT/ prep. 3*3-., 和…一起, 以

withered leaves and twigs fA.-9A/-0:A-=R-3-.%-;=-$ 枯萎的叶子和枝条

woman /"wUm@n/ n. 3R, 2.-3J.,  女人

wonder /"wVnd@/ vt. }R/-lA?, ...?J3?-0,  惊奇,想知道

wonderful /"wVnd@fl/ a. H.-:1$?, ;-35/,  奇妙的,极好的

wood-block 0%-=J2, .0<->A%-,  木板的

word /w3:d/ n. ;A-$J ,-~., 单词

work /w3:k/ n. =?-! 工作

worker /"w3:k@/ n. 29R-2,  工人

world /w3:ld/ n. :63-\A%-, ?:A-$R-=, 世界,地球

worried /"wVrid/ a.?J3?-#<-L?-0, 焦虑的,闷闷不乐的

worry /"wVri/ v.?J3?-#<,  担心

•326•
worship /"w@:Sip/ adj. K$-:5=-2, 3(R.-:2=, 拜神,敬神

would /w@d/ aux. v. (=?-5B$-$A-5B$-PR$?-;A/,) 将,将要,会

would like :,.-0-L%-2, 要, 肯

woven /"w@uv@n/ a. :,$-0,  织物的 编织的

wrestling match :)-<J?-:P/-2#<,  摔跤比赛

write /raIt/ vt. & vi.:VA-2,  写

writer /"raIt@/ n. lR3-0-0R,  作者

yak /j&k/ n. $;$ 牦牛

year /j3:; jI@/ n. =R, =R-5S.,  年, 年龄 

year /j3:; jI@/ n. =R, =R-5S., 年, 年龄

Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism 2R.-2o.-/%-2!/-IA-.$J-=$?-0:A-P2-3,:,  格鲁派,黄教

yogurt /"jQg@t/ n. 8R,  酸奶

you /j@; ju:/ pron HJ., HJ.-5S,  你 ,你们 

young /jVN/ adj =R-/-$8R/-0:A,  年轻的

younger /"jVNg@/ =R-/-&%-$8R/-0:A,  较年轻的, 较小的 

your /j@; jO:/ HR.-GA, HR.-5S:C,  你的,你们的 

 
zip code (postal code) 4$?-YA.-A%-P%?, 邮政编码

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 Phonetics
1-$.%?, 
 

.L%?-;A$-,A<-2>.-0,
1. .L%?-;A$-$A-/%-$?J?, 

  .LA/-;A$-=-.L%?-;A$-n%-2-&/-.%-.L%?-;A$-:1<-3-&/-<A$?-$*A?-?-2!<-;R., 
(1) .L%?-;A$-n%-2-&/, 

1-:LA/-{2?-tJ-%R?-GA-:2<-.-,R/-?:A-}-$8$-=-2gJ/-/?-.$<-/,   
1) tJ-lJ:A-.L%?-;A$ [i:] [i] [e] [&]

2) tJ-gA%-.L%?-;A$ [u:] [u] [O:] [O] [a:] [V]

3) tJ-.GA=-.L%?-;A$ [@:] [@]

1-:LA/-0:A-{2?-?-3(-+R:C-i3-:I<-=-2gJ/-/?-.L%?-;A$-n%-2-&/-=-/%-$?J?-.$<-/, 
1) 3(-&R<-&R<-IA-1, [u:] [u] [O:] [O]

2) 3(-:UJ.-2*J.-GA-1, [i:] [i] [e] [@:]

3) <%-28A/-0, [@] [V] [&] [a:]

1:A-<A%-,%-$A-(-/?-.L%?-;A$-n%-2<-/%-$?J?-.LJ-/, 
1) 1-<A%-, [i:] [u:] [O:] [a:] [@:]

2) 1-,%-, [i] [e] [&] [u] [O] [V]   

.L%?-;A$-n%-2:A-1-:LA/-?-/A-$>3-IA-<A-3R:C-/%-.-2#?-(R$
2．.0J<-2eR., 

(1) tJ-lJ:A-.L%?-;A$

1) Practice the following sounds and words. $>3-$?=-IA-;A-$J:A-:.R/-!%?-.%-,-~.-=-2*<-.R%-LR?,

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 [I:]

see, evening, jeep, tree, sheep, street,

10H wheel, key

[i]

is, it, morning, evening, pick, sickle, pig, big,

1H fish, picture, river, village, city,

window

[e]

very, well, Helen, 12H pen, pencil, bed, desk,

bench

2). Read and compare. ([R$-0-.%-2#<-2,]

[i:] [i] [e] [&]

[pi:t] [pit] [pek] [p&k]

[bi:t] [bit] [beg] [b&g]

[ti:k] [tik] [tek] [t&k]

[di:d] [did] [ded] [d&d]

[ki:p] [kip] [kept] [k&p]

[gi:k] [gig] [get] [g&t]

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(2) tJ-gA%-.L%?-;A$

1) Practice the following sounds and words. $>3-$?=-IA-;A-$J:A-:.R/-!%?-.%-,-~.-=-2*<-.R%-LR?,

a:]

afternoon, car, cart, star, park,

Carter, basket, pass, glass, classroom

[O]

box, fox, dog, mop, cock,

sock, lock, clock, watch, bottle, comrade, Bob,

John, tomorrow
[u]

good, book, hook, notebook, bullet,

[u:]

do, boot, 13H stool, room, broom, school,

14H spoon, shoe, 15H ruler, afternoon, you

[V]

bus, cup, mug, gun,

truck, drum, brush, bucket

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 2）Read and compare. ([R$-0-.%-2#<-2,]

[a:] [V] [O:] [O]

[ka:t] [kVt] [kO:t] [kOt]
[ba:n] [bVn] [pO:t] [pOt]
[ba:k] [pVk] [tO:t] [tOt]
[ha:m] [hVm] [sO:t] [sOt]

[u:] [u] [&] [a:]

[ku:p] [kuk] [k&t] [ka:t]
[fu:d] [fut] [f&t] [fa:t]
[bu:t] [buk] [p&k] [pa:k]
[pu:p] [put] [b&k] [ba:k]
(3) tJ-.GA=-.L%?-;A$

1) Practice the following sounds and words. $>3-$?=-IA-;A-$J:A-:.R/-!%?-.%-,-~.-=-2*<-.R%-LR?,

[@:]
her, bird, shirt, nurse, purse, turnip

[@]

latter, mister, 16H miner, 17H driver, afternoon, 18H teacher, 19H

husband, soldier, peasant, student

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(4) .L%?-;A$-:1<-3, 
1) Practice the following sounds and words. $>3-$?=-IA-;A-$J:A-:.R/-!%?-.%-,-~.-=-2*<-.R%-LR?,
[ei]

name, latter, 20H plane, 21H plate, 2H spade, radio, 23H

table, 24H train

[@u]

boat, bowl, notebook, hoe, stove, hello,

tomorrow
[ai]

I, fine, night, wife, bike, kite, knife,

rifle, my, goodbye

[au]

how, 25H cow, plough, 26H blouse, 27H house

[Oi] boy [bOi], toy [tOi], coin [kOin], oil [Oil]
[I@] here [hi@], hear [hi@], beer [bi@]
[3@] their [D3@], Mary ['m3@ri]
[u@] poor [pu@], sure [Su@], tour [tu@]
2) Read and compare: ([R$-0-.%-2#<-2,]

[@:] [@u] [e] [ei]

[f@:] [f@u] [let@] [leit@]
[b@:T] [b@uT] [sped] [speid]
[d@:t] [d@ut] [get] [geit]
[k@:k] [k@uk] [tek] [teik]
[g@:t] [g@ut] [det] [deit]
[h@:st] [h@ust] [fed] [feid]

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 [@u] [au] [O:] [ai] [&]
[k@u] [kau] [kO:] [kait] [k&t]
[h@u] [hau] [hO:] [gaid] [g&d]
[r@u] [rau] [rO:] [taip] [t&p]
[t@ut] [taut] [tO:t] [daid] [d&d]
[b@ut] [baut] [bO:t] [paip] [p&p]
[S@ud] [Saud] [SO:t] [baik] [b&k]
[sait] [s&t]
[fait] [f&t]
[rait] [r&t]
[hait] [h&t]
3）Read and compare. [R$-0-.%-2#<-2,

[e] [&] [a:] [ai]

[bet] [b&t] [ba:t] [bait]
[fed] [f&t] [fa:t] [fait]
[rest] [r&t] [ra:sp] [rait]
[tSek] [tS&t] [tSa:t] [tSaid]
[step] [st&k] [sta:t] [stai]
[bed] [b&d] [ba:k] [bait]

$?=-LJ.-,A<-2>.-0, 
1. $?=-LJ.-;A-$J:A-/%-$?J?, 

(1) 1-:LA/-5=-IA-(-/?-.LJ-/, 

1) 2!$-.LJ-&/-IA-;A-$J, [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

2) ,R$?-<J$-&/-IA-;A-$J, [s] [z] [S] [Z] [f][v] [T] [D] [r] [h]

3) U.-<J$-&/-IA-;A-$J, [ts] [dz] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr]

4) $-*J?-;A-$J, [m] [n] [N]    6) .L%?-$?=-*A?-w/-&/, [w] [j]

5) tJ-:P3-;A-$J, [l]

(2) 1-:LA/-?:A-(-/?-.LJ-/, 

1) 3(, [p] [b] [m] [w] 4) ?R-.%-fA=, [t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz]

[n] [l]
2) ?R-.%-3(, [f] [v]
5) ?R-.%-fA=-IA-/%-KR$?, [r] [tr] [dr]   
3) ?R-.%-tJ, [T] [D]

•333•
 6) b/-.%-?R-fA=, [S] [z] [tS] [dZ] 8) b/-1$ [k] [g] [N]

7) b/, [j] 9) 1-|R, [h]

(3) PJ-2-;R-:$=-LJ.-3A/-IA-(-/?-.LJ-/,

1) ?%?-0:A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J,      [p] [t] [k] [s]

[S] [f] [T] [ts]

[tS] [tr] [h]
2) ~R$-0:A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J,        [b] [d] [g] [z]

[Z] [v] [D] [dz]

[dZ] [dr] [r] [m]
[n] [N] [l] [w]
[j]

2. .0J<-2eR., 

(1) 2!$-.LJ-&/-IA-;A-$J, 

1). Practice the following sounds and words. $>3-$?=-IA-;A-$J:A-:.R/-!%?-.%-,-~.-=-2*<-.R%-LR?,

[I:]

see, evening, jeep, tree, sheep,

street, wheel, key

[i]

is, it, morning, evening, pick, sickle, pig,

big, fish, picture, river, village,

city, window
[e]

very, well, Helen, pen, pencil, bed,

•334•
 desk, bench
[p]

pen, pencil, pig, pick, picture, jeep, sheep, map

[b]

bag, bed, bench, good-bye, big, blackboard

[t]

tank, tomorrow, afternoon, that, tractor,

jacket, city
[d]

do, desk, good, and, bed, blackboard, window

[k]

key, thank, tank, cap, comrade, tractor, picture, pick, sickle,

jacket, blackboard
[g]

good, bag, big, pig, flag

2). Read and compare. ([R$-0-.%-2#<-2,]

[I:] [I] [e] [&]

[p] [pi:p] [pip] [peg] [p&d]
[b] [bi:t] [bit] [bet] [b&t]
[t] [ti:k] [tid] [ted] [t&p]
[d] [di:d] [did] [ded] [d&d]
[k] [ki:p] [kip] [kept] [k&t]
[g] [gi:k] [gig] [get] [g&p]

•335•
(2) ,R$?-<J$-&/-IA-;A-$J,

[f] fine, afternoon, fish.

[v] very, evening, village
[T] thank
[D] these, that
[s]

see, miss, sickle, sock, saw, stool, school, this, bus, pencil, desk, pass, glass,

horse
[z] Is
[S]

she, shoe, shirt

[Z] pleasure
[r] room, river, very, comrade, tomorrow
[h] hello, how, horse, hall

(3) U.-<J$-&/-IA-;A-$J,   
[tS] bench, teacher, watch, picture
[dZ] jeep, John, jacket, village, soldier
[ts] boats, boots, shirts, skirts, plates, kites, carts, baskets, bullets, streets, jackets
[dz] birds, comrades, spades, blackboards
[tr] tree, train, tractor, truck, street
[dr] driver, drum

(4) $-*J?-;A-$J, 
[m] morning ['mO:niN], my [mai], name [neim]
[n] night [nait], name [neim], nurse [n@:s], fine [fain], son [sVn]
[N] morning ['mO:niN], evening ['I:veniN], thank [T&Nk]

(5) tJ-:P3-;A-$J, 

1) ($?=-2<-[R$-0,) later ['leit@], hello ['he'l@u], London ['lVnd@n], Helen ['helin]

2) ($?=-2<-3A-[R$-0,) well [wel], hospital ['hOspitl], school [sku;l], Hall [hO:l]

(6) .L%?-$?=-*A?-w/-&/,   

[w] well [wel], wife [waif], worker ['w@:k@], what [wOt], wheel [wi:l]
[j] you [ju:], your [jO:], young [jVN]

•336•
 Exercises
.%-$8A,
1. Read and compare. [R$-0-.%-2#<-2,

Table One.
[i] [e] [e] [ei] [I:]
[it] [et] [bet] [beit] [bi:t]
[mid] [met] [pet] [peid] [pi:t]
[nit] [net] [met] [meit] [mi:t]
[pin] [pen] [net] [neim] [ni:d]
[tin] [ten] [led] [leid] [li:d]
[din] [den] [bel] [beil] [pi:l]
[tint] [tent] [sel] [seil] [si:l]
[mint] [ment] [Sed] [Seid] [Si:t]
[tim] [temz] [fel] [feil] [fi:l]

Table Two.
[e] [&] [ai]
[b] [bet] [b&t] [bait]
[d] [ded] [d&d] [daid]
[s] [set] [s&t] [sait]
[n] [net] [n&p] [nait]
[l] [led] [lait] [l&p]
[p] [pel] [p&l] [pail]
[t] [temsz] [t&p] [taip]
[m] [met] [m&t] [mait]

Table Three.
[@u] [O:] [@u]
[b@ut] [bO:t] [b@u]
[d@up] [dO:] [d@ut]
[p@uz] [pO:z] ['p@ud@]
[k@ut] [kO:t] [k@utS]
[S@ud] [SO:t] [S@ut]
[l@ud] [lO:d] [l@ud]
[t@un] [tO:n] [t@un]
[k@uz] [klO:z] [kl@udz]

•337•
 Table Four.
[a:] [V] [O]
[ka:t] [kVt] [kOt]
[Sa:k] [SVt] [SOp]
[kla:k] [klVb] [klOk]
[ba:k] [bVks] [bOks]
[dZa:] [dZVg] [dZOb]
[ba:z] [bVs] [bOs]
[ba:m] [bVmp] [bOm]
[ba:n] [bVn] [bOnd]

Table Five.
[@u] [u:] [u]
[b@ut] [bu:t] [buk]
[h@u] [hu:] [huk]
[r@uu] [ru:d] [rum]
[k@ul] [ku:l] [kud]
[p@ul] [pu:l] [pul]
[S@u] [Su:] [Sud]
[n@ut] [nu:s] [nuk]

•338•