UMTS UPLINK LOAD PARAMETER DEFINITION

UMTS Bandwidth: 5MHz (including guard-band of 0.58MHz both sides)

Useful UMTS Bandwidth: 3.84MHz
RTWP:
Received Total Wide-Band Power is the total energy received (uplink)
by the cell (RRU) including all available signals, noise sources and interference
within the UMTS Bandwidth.

Noise Floor: is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the
noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is
defined as any signal other than the one being monitored. In communications
systems, Noise Floor is the thermal noise which is the electronic noise generated by
all electric/electronic components, also referred as Johnson-Nyquist Noise. It is
defined as follows:

PdBm=10 log 10 ( BT f 1000 )

Where

is Boltzmanns constant in joules per kelvin,

temperature (typically 293K for room temperature),

is the absolute

is the effective

bandwidth over which the noise is measured, and the 1000 factor is because the
power is given in milliwatts rather than watts. After simplification, the result is:

PdBm=174.4+10 log 10 ( f )
For UMTS, which has 3.84MHz effective bandwidth, the Noise Floor is -108.56dBm.

Noise Figure: is the difference in decibels (dB) between the noise output of the
actual receiver to the noise output of an ideal receiver with the same overall
gain and effective bandwidth when the receivers are connected to matched sources
at the standard noise temperature (room temperature typically 293K).

Background Noise: defined as the noise for each equipment in function of the Noise
Floor for the system and the Noise Figure which is a fixed parameter for every kind
of equipment given by the formula:

BGN =NoiseFloor +NoiseFigure

For RRU, Noise Figure is around 3dB meaning the Background Noise is -105.56dBm.

For pRRU, Noise Figure is higher than RRU, which is 6dB for one pRRU which results
into a Background Noise of -102.56dBm.
Increasing the number of pRRU of a LampSite solution will result into an increase of
the Background Noise which is calculated with the following formula:

NoiseRaising=10 log 10 ( pRRU )

LampSite solution allows a maximum configuration of 16 pRRU per cell, above is
shown the table for Noise Raising for each pRRU arrangement:
Number of pRRU

1
1
1
11
13
15 16
0
2
4

Cell background noise raising

9 10

1
10 11 11 11 12 12
0

RoT: Rise over Thermal is the ratio between the total interference received by the
cell (RTWP) and the total noise including system noise floor and receiver noise
(Noise Figure). ROT is defined by the formula:

RoT=

I 0 RTWP
=
N 0 BGN

Since RTWP and BGN are represented in dBm, it is needed to use logarithmic rules
to the equation, obtanining:

RoT =RTWPBGN

Uplink Factor: is the relation between the total interference and the total noise,
defined as follows:

nUL =1

BGN
RTWP

RTWP IN UPLINK PERFORMANCE

RTWP is one of the factors affecting the uplink performance. When other parameters
remain without modification, HSUPA depends on uplink scheduling,, which is based
on the users signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, Ec/No determines HSUPA.
Considering single user, Ec/No is calculated by the formula:
RoT
Ec
=10 log 10 10 1
No

Ec/No is defined as the ratio of the received energy over the total received power
spectral density, which means from the above formula can be obtained the
following:
RoT
Ec
=10 log 10 10 1
No

after logarithmic rules are applied :

Ec N o=10 log 10
10

E c N o
10

=10

Ec

10 10
10

No
10

10

RoT
10

RoT
10

RTWPBGN
10

10

BGN
10

Since the total received power spectral density at the UE is the Background Noise,
then No = BGN; therefore:
Ec
10

10 =10

RTWPBGN
10

RTWP=E c + BGN

Which means RTWP consists of two parts: useful signal and noise, that is:

RTWP=BGN (dBm)+ RoT (dB) =BGN (dBm )+ E c(dBm)

Solving the equation:

BGN + RoT=10 log 10

10
10
10

BGN +RoT
10

BGN RoT
+
10
10

10

BGN
10

BGN
10

RoT
10

+10

Ec
10

+10

Ec
10

=10

Ec
10

Ec

BGN RoT
+
10
10

10
10

=10

BGN
10

BGN
10

10 10

1=

10

BGN
10

E BGN

(
)
1=10 10 10

10 log ( 10

RoT
10

1 =E c BGN

Ec =BGN +10 log 10

RoT
10

Also:

Ec =UETxPower pathlossairloss

UETxPower=BGN +10 log 10

RoT
10

1 + pathloss+airloss

Considering:

PCPICHPowerRSCP=total loss= pathloss+airloss

Then, for a required RSCP of -85dBm, the UETxPower for each solution is calculated
as follows:
-RRU PCPICHPower=33dBm, BGN=-105.6dBm

UETxPower=12.4+10 log 10

RoT
10

-pRRU PCPICHPower=10dBm, BGN=-102.6dBm

UETxPower=7.6+10 log 10

RoT
10

-for maximum pRRU configuration (16pRRU= 12dB Noise Raising) BGN=-90.6dBm

ADVANTAGES OF LAMPSITE IN POWER CONTROL

ALGORITHMS
Open Loop Power Control Algorithm is used to actively regulate the necessary
transmit power for the UE to start communication within the network. When setting
up a connection, every UE has an initial TxPower which will be controlled gradually
by the PRACH Open Loop Power Control Algorithm, and the initial preamble for
PRACH can be calculated by the formula:

Preambl e Initia l

Power

=PCPICHPowerCPICH RSCP +ULInterference+ConstantValue

Where PCPICHPower is set value for the RRU/pRRU and is received by the UE in
SIB5, CPICH_RSCP is the measured RSCP by the UE, ULInterference is the RTWP and
its transmitted to the UE in SIB7, ConstantValue is a set value for each cell
(typically -20dB).

After connection establishment procedure, RNC sends the RRC CONNECTION

SETUP message, UE will try to synchronize with NodeB and the uplink DPCCH starts
to transmit, DPCCH initial power is calculated through open loop power control as
follows:

DPCC H InitialPower =DPCC H PowerOffset CPICH RSCP

DPCC H PowerOffset =PCPICHPower +ULInterference+ DefaultConstantValue
DPCC H InitialPower =PCPICHPower+ ULInterference+ DefaultConstantValueCPICH RSCP

Where DefaultConstantValue is a set value for each cell (typically -22dB).

RTWP IN LOAD CONTROL ALGORITHMS

Load control algorithms help maximize the system capacity while ensuring coverage
and QoS, and provide differentiated services for users. During UE access, Call
Admission Control is the selected algorithm which provides load control for the cell.
CAC Algorithm can be implemented through Power, Code, Iub Bandwidth and NodeB
Credits; RTWP is a power measurement, and CAC will determine whether the system
resources are sufficient to accept a new users access request or not.
Power based CAC is involved in RRC Connection, Handover and Services Setup, it is
also implemented both in Downlink ad Uplink; CAC also supports HSDPA/HSUPA.
-Power Based CAC Algorithm for Uplink R99 Cell:

Where Pn is the Background Noise of the cell. After the RNC predicts the uplink load
factor, it is compared to the corresponding threshold for each service:

-Handover: UlNonCtrlThdForHo
-Voice: UlNonCtrlThdForAMR
-NonAMR Services: UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR
-Other Services: UlNonCtrlThdForOther

Each parameter is defined in the RNC.

-Power Based CAC Algorithm for Uplink HSPA Cell

For HSPA Cell, uplink factor calculation is different since it involves RSEPS (Received
Scheduled E-DCH Power Share) which is a measurement for dedicated the HSUPA
service.