ARTICLE IN PRESS

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310 (2007) 28532855

www.elsevier.com/locate/jmmm

Non-contact magnetic coupled power and data transferring

system for an electric vehicle
Y. Matsuda, H. Sakamoto
Sojo University, 4-22-1, Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
Available online 8 December 2006

Abstract
We have developed a system which transmits electric power and communication data simultaneously in a non-contact method using a
magnetic coupling coil. Already, we are developing the fundamental technology of a non-contact charging system, and this is applied in
electric shavers, electric toothbrushes, etc. Moreover, basic experiments are being conducted for applying this non-contact charging
system to electric equipments such as an electric vehicle (EV), which is a zero emission vehicle and environmentally excellent and will be
the transportation means of the next generation. The technology can also be applied in other electronic equipment, etc. However, since
the power supply route for these individual devices is independent, the supply system is complicated. EV also has to perform the
transmission of electric power and the transmission of information (data), such as the amount of the charge, in a separate system,
and thus is quite complicated. In this study, by performing simultaneously the transmission of electric power and information
(data) using magnetic coupling technology in which it does not contact, the basic experiment aimed at attaining and making unication
of a system simple was conducted, and the following good results were obtained: (1) Electric power required for load can be transmitted
easily by non-contact. (2) A signal can easily be transmitted bidirectionally by non-contact. (3) This system is reliable, and is widely
applicable.
r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PACS: 84.30.Jc; 84.30.Qi; 84.70.p
Keywords: Non-contact charging system; Magnetic coupling

1. Introduction
Dangers accompanying the increase of vehicle production are the depletion of natural oil resources and the
destruction of the environment on a global scale through
vehicle exhaust emission. One solution to lessen these
problems would be the widespread use of electric vehicles
(EV). However, the general adoption of purely EV is
advancing rather slow. Some reasons contributing to this
delay are that the mileage obtained for a single charge is
extremely short, charging itself takes a long time, charging
stations are not widely available, and so on. Moreover,
another major factor deterring the operation of EV is the
Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 96 326 3447; fax: +81 96 326 5044.

E-mail address: matsuda@cc.sojo-u.ac.jp (Y. Matsuda).

0304-8853/$ - see front matter r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.186

lack of technology to allow the general availability of noncontact charging systems.

In the course of our research, we have been aiming for the
realization of a non-contact charging method that could be
easily used not only at ones own garage, but also at public
parking lots, convenience stores, bus stops and at intersections. It would be necessary to familiarize the system with
both the condition of the car battery to be charged as well
relevant customer data. We have now developed a basic
system that allows this interactivity. In the present study, we
applied the system that transmitted the electric power and
communication data based on Refs. [1,2] at the same time to
the charge system of an EV, and we also did basic research
that conrmed the charge to the battery. In this paper, we
report on the excellent results obtained on our experiments
with a non-contact transformer.

ARTICLE IN PRESS
Y. Matsuda, H. Sakamoto / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310 (2007) 28532855

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Fig. 2. Waveforms of the input signal and coil.

Fig. 1. Conguration of the experiment circuit.

Table 1
Circuit components
Component

Specication

C1 ; C2
S1 ; S2
IC1
R1 ; R2
IC2
IC3

300 V, 2200 mF
2SK1522
PIC12F729(20 MHz)
5:6 O
IR2110
78L05

2. Principle of the non-contact magnetic coupled power and

data transferring system
Because this system uses almost the same number of
parts as previous non-contact charge methods have
consisted of, cost is one attractive advantage of our
electromagnetic induction system for the transmission
of electric power and data. Fig. 1 shows the control, the
drive, and the main inverter circuit used in this experiment.
Table 1 shows the parts list of this circuit. IC1 uses PIC
microcomputer 12F729 in Fig. 1 for the signal modulation
and the inverter control. IR2110 is used for IC2 for the
drive of the main FET (S1,S2).
Here, we explain the operation of the circuit of Fig. 1. A
signal of 100 kHz is oscillated by a PIC microcomputer.
However, because the output voltage is 5 V in the PIC
microcomputer, FET of the main circuit cannot be driven.
Therefore, a special IR2110 is combined with the IC for

driving the gate. The program for the PIC microcomputer

is rewritten to prevent the arm short-circuit of FET (S1,S2)
in the main circuit, and the dead-time is adjusted. The
signal is transmitted to IR2110 by using the RS232C
program used in PIC and PC at the time as the
transmission of the information signal. Fig. 2 (upper
waveform) shows the PCM input signal waveform of
9600 bps input to PIC. After it modulates to 100 kHz when
the PCM input signal is 1, and it modulates to 50 kHz when
the PCM input signal is 0. Fig. 2 (lower waveform) shows
the waveform of the detachable coil when it is converted
into the alternating current with the inverter. A very high
efciency over 80% is obtained on a 2 kW output when the
gap length is 100 mm and the switching frequency is
100 kHz.
The input signal is modulated at the same time as the
power is transmitted to the secondary coil, being rectied
by the rectier and spreading as far as the output signal
and the former PCM signal is demodulated. Adjustment of
the dead-time is performed while watching the shape of the
waveforms with adapted PIC software.
As a more practical coupler, we examined the core
construction of the inductive charger of 2 kW assuming the
oor of the car to be a steel plate 1120  1120  5 mm3
placed above the MnZn ferrite core in a 206 mm higher
position. The ferrite core is assumed to be set on the earth
oor, and the dimension is 1000  1000  10 mm3 . Fig. 3 is
a simulation of the magnetic eld distribution in a cross
sectional of the non-contact transformer depicted in Fig. 1.
That the coupling coefcient increased through the effects
of an upper steel plate is evident.
3. Conclusion
In this paper, we describe the outline of the technology
for the simultaneous transmission of electric power and
basic information through a non-contact system. In the
present experiments, extremely excellent data were obtained.

ARTICLE IN PRESS
Y. Matsuda, H. Sakamoto / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310 (2007) 28532855

Fig. 3. Magnetic eld analysis around Power Transmission Coil (simulation result).

References
[1] H. Sakamoto, et al., in: Proceedings of the IEEE INTELEC95, 1995,
pp. 330334.

[2] H. Sakamoto, et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 32 (5) (1996) 4983.

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