CHAPTER: PERIODIC TABLE and CHEMICAL BOND

SPM 2003

Figure 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Lid
Magnesium
ribbon

Crucible

Heat

Figure 1
Result:
Mass of crucible + lid
= 24.0 g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon
= 26.4 g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
= 28.0 g
(a)

What is meant by empirical formula?

[1 mark]
(b)

Based on the above results,

(i)

calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that have reacted.

[1 mark]
(ii)

calculate the mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms.

[Relative Atomic Mass:O,16; Mg, 24]

[1 mark]

1|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(iii)

determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

[1 mark]

(iv)

write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.

[1 mark]
(c)

Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?

(d)

Metal X is placed below hydrogen in the reactivity series. You are required to carry out
an
experiment to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of metal X. The apparatus
provided are combustion tube, glass tube, cork, Bunsen burner, and porcelain dish.

(i)

Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion
tube has been expelled.

[3 marks]

2|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

Figure 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Figure 2
Based on figure 2, answer the following questions.
(a)

What is the element represented by the symbol Fe?

[1 mark]
(b)

In Figure 2, mark X in the boxes for all the transition elements.

[1 mark]
(c)

State one specific characteristic of transition elements.

[1 mark]
(d)

Write the electron configuration for the Mg atom.

[1 mark]

(e)

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen gas.

[1 mark]

3|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(ii)

Briefly state the electron transfer in the bond formation between aluminium and
oxygen.

[2 marks]
Helium Gas
light
not reactive
colourless

(f)

Hydrogen Gas
light
flammable
colourless

Based on the above informations, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological
balloons?
Give one reason.

[1 mark]
SPM 2004
1

Figure 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z.

Figure 1
(a)

(i)

Write the electron arrangement of atoms X and Y.

[2 marks]

(ii)

State the number of neutrons in an atom of element Z and

write the symbol for an isotope of element Z.
[2 marks]

(b)

The reaction between atoms of X and Y forms an ionic compound whereas the reaction
between atoms of Y and Z forms a covalent compound.
Based on the above statement, explain how these ionic and covalent compounds are
formed.
[8 marks]

(c )

The ionic compound formed from the reaction between element X and Y is able to
conduct electricity when it is melted or dissolve in water.
Describe how you could prove that this statement is correct.
[8 marks]

4|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

SPM 2005

Figure 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Q,R,T,X and Y do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

Figure 1
(a)

Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Figure 1, answer the
following questions.
You may use the Periodic Table of the Elements at the back.

(i)

Choose an element that is a halogen.

[1 mark]
(ii)

Which element is monoatomic?

[1 mark]

(iii)

Which element forms an amphoteric oxide?

[1 mark]
(b)

Arrange Q,R,T,X and Y according to the increase in size of the atoms.

[1 mark]

5|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(c )

Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element Q.

[1 mark]
(d)

Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.

[1 mark]
(e)

Why are elements Q and R placed in the same period?

[1 mark]
(f)

When a small piece of element T is put into water, TOH solution is formed and
hydrogen gas is released.
State one observation when red litmus paper is put into the solution.

[1 mark]
(g)

State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.

[1 mark]
6

(a)

(b)

Isotops are used for example in medicine, industry, science and archeology.
Choose two of the above examples.
State an isotope and its purpose I ach example that you have chosen.
[4 marks]
Figure 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule PQ2.
These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
[4 marks]

Figure 10.1
Based on Figure 10.1, write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P and element
Q.
Explain the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
[6 marks]
6|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(c)

Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, and Y.

These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Element
W
X
Y

Electron arrangement
2.4
2.8.7
2.8.8.2
Table 10.2

Using the information in Table 10.2, explain how two compounds can be formed from
these elements based on their electron arrangements.
The two compounds should have different bond types.
[10 marks]
SPM 2006
1

(a)

(i)

What is the concept introduced by Dmitri Mendeleeve to simplify the

idea of atomic mass and the volume of gas?

[1 mark]
(ii)

Based on the concept 2(a)(i), what is the chemical symbol used to

represent one water molecule?
[1 mark]

(iii)

What is the name of the isotop of an element used as a standard in

determining relative atomic mass?

[1 mark]
(b)

(i)

Based on the concept in 2(a)(i), what is the mass of 6.0 dm3 of

carbon dioxide gas,CO2, at standard temperature and pressure?
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at standard temperature and pressure;
Relative atomic mass for CO2=44]

[2 marks]
(ii)

How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas?
[Avogadros number = 6.02 X 1023]

[1 mark]
7|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(iii)

Explain briefly the relationship between the volume, mass and the
number of molecules of carbon dioxide in 2(b)(i) and 2(b)(ii) at standard
temperature and pressure.

[3 marks]

(a)

(i)

The electron arrangement for argon is 2.8.8.

Why is the element very stable and not reactive?

[1 mark]
(ii)

Name one other element that has the same stability gas argon.

[1 mark]

(b)

Atom of both sodium and chlorine are unstable.

They react to form an ionic compound which is more stable.
Diagram 3.1 shows a sodium chloride compound, NaCl, that is produced by the
formation of an ionic bond between a sodium ion, Na+ , and a chloride ion, Cl-.

Diagram 3.1

(i)

How are sodium ion and chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?
Sodium ion : ..
Chloride ion:.
[2 marks]

8|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(ii)

Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.

[1 mark]
(iii)

The melting point of sodium chloride, NaCl, is 801 0C and its boiling points
is 1413 0C. What will happen to the ions in this compound at 900 0C ?

[1 mark]
(iii)

Give one reason for your answer in 3(b)(iii).

[1 mark]
(c)

(i)

The electron arrangement for argon is 2.8.8.

Why is this element very stable and not reactive?

[1 mark ]
(ii)

Name one other element that has the same stability as argon.

[1 mark ]

9|Page@PERIODIC& BONDING

MODULE JUJ 2012

(d)

Diagram 3.2 shows the proton number and nucleon number for two elements, X and Y.
The letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Diagram 3.2

Draw a diagram to show the bonding formed between elements X and Y.

[3 marks]

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show the diagrams of the electron arrangement for atoms of two
elements from group 17 in the Periodic Table of Elements.

(a)

(b)

Based on Diagram 8.1:

(i)

Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element and name
the element.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between this element and
sodium hydroxide.
[2 marks]

Compare the attractive force between the nuclei and the valance electrons in
the atoms in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 and relate this to their respective reactivity.
[6 marks]

10 | P a g e @ P E R I O D I C & B O N D I N G

MODULE JUJ 2012

(c)

Another element in Group 17 is a black coloured solid.

Predict the reactivity of this element I its reaction with sodium hydroxide
compared to that of the element in Diagram 8.2.
[1 mark]

(d)

Diagram 8.3 shows the set up of the apparatus to investigate the reaction of an element
from Group 17 with iron metal.

Diagram 8.3
(i)

State two precautions that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Describe and write the chemical equations for the reaction that occur in Part G
and Part H.
[6 marks]

11 | P a g e @ P E R I O D I C & B O N D I N G

MODULE JUJ 2012