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Double Integrals
3A. Double integrals in rectangular coordinates
3A-1
a) Inner: 6x2 y + y 2
= 12x2 ;
y=1
Outer: 4x3
= 32 .
= 2u + 21 2 cos u
b) Inner: u cos t + 12 t2 cos u
t=0
/2
= ( 12 )2 + 12 2 = 34 2 .
Outer: u2 + 21 2 sin u
0
c) Inner: x2 y 2
x2
= x6 x3 ;
1 7
7x
Outer:
d) Inner: v u2 + 4 = u u2 + 4;
14 x4
1
2
3 (u
Outer:
1
0
1
7
+ 4)3/2
1
4
= 31 (5 5 8)
3
= 28
3A-2
a)
b)
(i)
dy dx =
R
dy dx
(ii)
dx dy =
R
2
0
dx dy
y=-x
2 2xx2
dydx =
dydx
R
y=2x-x 2
2
x 2x+y = 0 and solve for x by the quadratic formula, getting x = 1 1 y.
Note also that the maximum point of the graph is (1, 1) (it lies midway between
the two roots 0 and 2). We get
c)
(i)
(ii)
dy dx =
R
dx dy =
R
dxdy =
R
dy dx +
0
4y2
1
0
1+ 1y
1 1y
dxdy,
4x2
dy dx
0
y=x
2
2
dx dy
d) Hint: First you have to nd the points where the two curves intersect, by solving
simultaneously y 2 = x and y = x 2 (eliminate x).
The integral
dy dx requires two pieces;
dx dy only one.
R
3A-3
a)
Inner: x(1 21 x)
1x/2
x dy dx;
2
Outer: 21 x2 16 x3 =
x dA =
R
4
2
8
6
= 23
.
b)
E. 18.02 EXERCISES
1y 2
(2x + y ) dA =
(2x + y 2 ) dx dy
0
0
1
1y2
= 1 y2 ;
Outer: y 31 y 3 = 2
Inner: x2 + y 2 x
3.
2
c)
1y
y dx dy
y dA =
1y 0 y1
Inner: xy
= y[(1 y) (y 1)] = 2y 2y 2
R
Outer: y 2 23 y 3
y1
3A-4 a)
sin x dA =
R
Inner: y sin2 x
b)
cos x
xy dA =
R
Inner:
1
2
2 xy
x2
1
0
/2
/2
= 1
3.
cos x
sin2 x dy dx
0
= cos x sin2 x
1
3
Outer:
/2
sin3 x /2
= 13 (1 (1)) = 32 .
(xy) dy dx.
x2
= 12 (x3 x5 )
Outer:
1
1 x4
x6
1 1
1
=
=
.
2 4
6 0
2 12
24
1 x
2
2
(x2 y 2 ) dy dx.
Volume =
(x y ) dA =
R
Inner: x2 y 31 y 3
3A-5 a)
b)
c)
1
4
0
1
3A-6
1
2
x1/3
0;
2
0
= 34 x3 ;
dy dx =
e
du dt =
u
1
2
Outer:
u2
0
2
0
u
y 2
1 4
3x
1
2
e
0
y 2
2 2
1
1
y dy = ey
= (1 e4 )
2
2
0
u eu du = (u 1)eu
12
0
=1
x2 dA;
1
1
1 + x4 + y 4
1 1
1
x
x dA
1
.7
ln 2
2
b)
dx
dy
=
ln(1
+
x
)
=
< .
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
R 1+x +y
0
0 1+x
3A-7 a) x4 + y 4 0
y=x
5a
1
e
2
1 u3
1
1
1
1
u3
1
ln 2
4
du
dx
=
dx
du
=
du
=
ln(1
+
u
)
.
=
4
4
4
1+u
1+u
4
4
0
0
0
0 1+u
y=-x
= 13 .
dx dy =
e
dt du =
u
0;
y 2
y=x
1/2
t=u 2
1/4
5b
1
x=u3
1
5c
2
1
dr d =
R
4/3
2/3
dr d.
sec
dr d =
R
4/3
2/3
-2
3/2
-2
1cos
dr d.
3/2
a
R
d) The circle has polar equation r = 2a cos . The line y = a has polar
equation r sin = a, or r = a csc . Thus the limits are (no integrand):
dr d =
R
r= sin 2
/2
/4
a csc
2a cos
b)
c)
d)
/2
0
/4
0
/2
a
0
sin 2
0
r dr d
=
r
sec
tan2 r dr d =
/2
0
2d
/2
1
1
sin 2 d = cos 2
= (1 1) = 1.
2
2
0
a
1
r
2
dr
d
=
ln(1
+
r
)
= ln(1 + a2 ).
1 + r2
2 2
4
0
1
2
/4
tan2 sec2 d =
0
/4
1
1
= .
tan3
6
6
0
sin
dr d
1 r2
0
0
sin
Inner: 1 r2
= 1 cos
2c
2b
/2
r=sin
1
x=1
r=sec
r=a
2a
3B-2 a)
dr d.
Outer: sin
/2
0
= /2 1.
a2 x 2 y 2 =
a2 r2 , so we get
E. 18.02 EXERCISES
b)
a2 r2 dA =
/2
0
2
0
a
0
a
1
1
2
a2 r2 r dr d = 2 (a2 r2 )3/2 = 2 a3 = a3 .
3
3
3
0
r3 dr
0
/2
sin cos d =
0
a4 1
a4
= .
4 2
8
c) In order to be able to use the integral formulas at the beginning of 3B, we use symmetry
about the y-axis to compute the volume of just the right side, and double the answer.
/2
/2 2 sin
r=2sin
y
1
r r dr d = 2
x2 + y 2 dA = 2
(2 sin )3 d
3
1
0
0
0
R
32
8 2
=
, by the integral formula at the beginning of 3B.
3 3
9
/2
/2 cos
1
1
2
r r dr d = 2
d) 2
cos2 d = 2 = .
4
4 4
8
0
0
0
=2
top view x
r 2=cos
1
1
1 4
a
2
2
2
y=a-x
a + a 4 = a4 .
b)
(x + y ) dA =
x dA +
y 2 dA =
12
12
6
R
R
R
3C-1
a
c) Divide the triangle symmetrically into two smaller triangles, their legs are ;
2
a4
1 a 4
=
Using the result of part (a), M.I. of R about hypotenuse = 2
12
24
2
3C-2 In both cases, x
is clear by symmetry; we only need y.
dA =
sin x dx = 2
a) Mass is
R
0
sin x
1 2
y dy dx =
y-moment is
y dA =
sin x dx = ; therefore y = .
2
4
8
0
0
0
R
b) Mass is
Using the formulas at the beginning of 3B,
y dA = , by part (a).
4
R
/2
sin x
sin3 x
1 2
4
y-moment is
y 2 dy dx = 2
y 2 dA =
dx = 2
= ,
3
3 3
9
R
0
0
0
16
4 4
.
Therefore y = =
9
9
a
a
a
2
3C-3 Place the segment either horizontally or vertically, so the diameter is respectively on
the x or y axis. Find the moment of half the segment and double the answer.
(a) (Horizontally, using rectangular coordinates)
b
0
a2 x2
y dy dx =
b
0
ans:
2 3
b .
b
c
Note that a c = b .
1 2
1
1
x 3 b
= b3 ;
(a x2 c2 ) dx = b2 x
2
2
3 0
3
x2+y 2=a 2
r=a
2
Outer: 31 a3 sin c3 tan = 13 (a2 b c2 b) = 31 b3 ; ans: b3 .
3
0
a
b
a
c
3C-4 Place the sector so its vertex is at the origin and its axis of symmetry lies along the
positive x-axis. By symmetry, the center of mass lies on the x-axis, so we only need nd x
.
2
= a2 .
Since = 1, the area and mass of the disc are the same: a2
2
a
a
r cos r dr d
Inner: 32 r3 cos ;
x-moment: 2
0
Outer:
2 3
3a
sin
= 32 a3 sin
x
=
2 3
3a
sin
2
sin
= a
.
a2
3
3C-5 By symmetry, we use just the upper half of the loop and double the answer. The
upper half lies between = 0 and = /4.
/4
/4 acos 2
1 4
r2 r dr d = 2
a cos2 2 d
2
4
0
0
0
/2
a4
a4 1
a4
r 2=cos 2
Putting u = 2, the above =
cos2 u du =
=
.
22 0
4 2 2
16
(x, y)
(u, v) 1 3
1
= 7;
=
= .
2
1
(x, y)
(u, v)
7
1 7 4u
x 3y
dx dy =
dv du
7 0 1 v
R 2x + y
7
4
49 ln 4
1 49 ln 4
1 2
; Ans:
= 7 ln 2
Inner: u ln v = u ln 4; Outer: 2 u ln 4 =
2
7 2
1
0
3D-1
u=0
Let u = x 3y, v = 2x + y;
R
u=7
v= 1
v= 4
E. 18.02 EXERCISES
3D-2
Let u = x + y, v = x y.
Then
(u, v)
= 2;
(x, y)
(x, y)
1
= .
(u, v)
2
y = 0 u = x, v = x u = v.
xy
v
1 2 u
cos
cos dv du
dx dy =
x
+
y
2
u
R
0
0
v
Inner: u sin
u
3D-3
= u sin 1
1 2
2u
Outer:
v =0
u =2
R
u =v
2
sin 1 = 2 sin 1
u =0
Ans: sin 1
Let u = x, v = 2y;
1
(x, y)
=
0
(u, v)
1
0
1 =
2
2
1
(16 u2 v 2 ) dv du
(16 x2 4y 2 ) dy dx =
2
R
R
=
1
2
2
0
4
0
4
r2
r4
(16 r2 ) r dr d = 16
= 64.
2
4 0
(u, v) 1
1
= 5;
=
3D-4 Let u = x + y, v = 2x 3y; then
(x, y) 2 3
We next express the boundary of the region R in uv-coordinates.
For the x-axis, we have y = 0, so u = x, v = 2x, giving v = 2u.
For the y-axis, we have x = 0, so u = y, v = 3y, giving v = 3u.
(x, y)
1
= .
(u, v)
5
v=0
v=2 u
v=4
v2 3
u
Inner:
15
v/2
v/3
v/2
du dv
.
5
v/3
0
v6
1
1
46
1
1
Outer:
=
.
+
+
6 15 8 27 0
6 15 8 27
v 2 3 1 1
=
v
15
8
27
v=- 3u
v 2 u2
Let u = xy, v = y/x; in the other direction this gives y 2 = uv, x2 = u/v.
(u, v)
(x, y)
1
y
x 2y
=
We have
=
= 2v;
=
; this gives
y/x2 1/x
(x, y)
x
(u, v)
2v
3 2
u
1
+ uv
dv du.
(x2 + y 2 ) dx dy =
v
2v
R
0
1
3D-5
Inner:
3D-8
u u
+ v
2v
2
2
1
1
1 1
3u
=
;
= u +1+
4
2 2
4
Outer:
3 2
u
8
27
.
8
(v=2)
y=2x
(v=1)
y=x
R
u =0
xy=3
(u=3)
b) We get
u
v
+ uv = 1, or u = 2
; (cf. 3D-5)
v
v +1
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