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1.

0 Introduction
A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral
devices. For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and
cameras. Using hardware and software, these interconnected computing devices can
communicate with each other through defined rules of data communications. In a
network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer
network may operate on wired connections or wireless connections. When two or
more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with one
another using suitable hardware and software, it is called an internet work.
Meanwhile, communications is about the transfer of information from a sender,
across a distance, to a receiver. Using electricity, radio waves or light, information
and data in the form of codes are transmitted through a physical medium such as
wire, cable, or even the atmosphere.Therefore, in order to make communications
possible from computers, across telephones and radios and back to computers and
other digital devices again, there must be a signal translator, which we call a
modem. The modem, which is short for modulator or demodulator, converts digital
signals into analog and back again into digital signals for information to move across
the telephone line.

2.0 Mobile Computing


2.1 Definition
Mobile

computing is human

computer

interaction by

which

a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing


involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software.
Communication issues include ad hoc and infrastructure networks as well as
communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies.
Hardware includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile software deals
with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications.
2.2 Specification and frequences of Mobile Computing

2.2.1 Specification
GSM

Global System for Mobile

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

HSPA

High Speed Packet Access

EVDO

Evolution-Data Optimized

LTE

Long-Term Evolution

2.2.2 Services
Messaging

-iMessage
-SMS
-MMS
-Email
-Push Email

Web Browser

-HTML5 (Safari)

Java

-iCloud Cloud
-TV-Out
-Maps
-Organizer
-Voice memo
-iTunes

2.2.3 Frequencies
-GSM 850/900/1800/1900
-HSDPA 850/900/1700/1900/2100
3.0 Internet Technology and Services
3.1 VoIP
Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group of
technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions
3

over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms
commonly associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over
broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, IP communications, and broadband
phone service.
The term Internet telephony specifically refers to the provisioning of
communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the
public Internet, rather than via thepublic switched telephone network (PSTN).
The steps and principles involved in originating VoIP telephone calls are similar
to traditional digital telephony and involve signaling, channel setup, digitization
of the analog voice signals, and encoding. Instead of being transmitted over a
circuit-switched network, however, the digital information is packetized, and
transmission occurs as IP packets over a packet-switched network. Such
transmission entails careful considerations about resource management different
from time-division multiplexing (TDM) networks.
3.2 BLOG
A blog (a truncation of the expression web log) is a discussion or
informational site published on the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete
entries typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post
appears first). Until 2009 blogs were usually the work of a single individual,
occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject. More recently
"multi-author blogs" (MABs) have developed, with posts written by large
numbers of authors and professionally edited. MABs from newspapers, other
media outlets, universities, think tanks, advocacy groups and similar institutions
account for an increasing quantity of blog traffic.

4.0 Types of Networks


4.1 PAN

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for data


transmission among devices such as computers, telephones and personal digital
assistants. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices
themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level
network and the Internet (an uplink).
4.2 VPN
A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across
a public network, such as the Internet. It enables a computer to send and receive
data across shared or public networks as if it is directly connected to the private
network, while benefiting from the functionality, security and management
policies of the private network. A VPN is created by establishing a virtual pointto-point connection through the use of dedicated connections, virtual tunneling
protocols, or traffic encryptions.
A virtual private network connection across the Internet is similar to
a wide area network (WAN) link between sites. From a user perspective, the
extended network resources are accessed in the same way as resources available
within the private network.

4.3 WLAN
A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using
some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum orOFDM radio),
and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider Internet.
This gives users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and still
be connected to the network. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE
802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.

4.4 WIMAX
5

WIMAX (Worldwide

Interoperability

for

Microwave Access)

is

a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-persecond data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed
stations. The name "WIMAX" was created by the WIMAX Forum, which was
formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard.
The forum describes WIMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the
delivery

of last

mile wireless

broadband access

as

an

alternative

tocable and DSL".

5.0 Conclusion
The Native Computer Communications Network Project was a good
example of how a focus on creating a network of computers does not necessarily
ensure the interpersonal networking of the potential users of that technology. If the
people were not communicating with each other before, developing another method
of communication doesn't mean they'll start

6.0 References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLOG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMAX
https://www.apple.com/lae/iphone/compare/

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