Professional Documents
Culture Documents
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
900
ese
o* os
4,1*
o*
os
os
UUUUUU
9;0 909
o* *411* os mos
e
90
1,11110
lie.
e
111411
elle
ele
eile
die
lois
U U UUUU
*4141 ele
U U UUUU
elp
U U UUUU
o* do*
ele
Servicio
de
Publicaciones
*i*
die ele
j
i
UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLO
I
ele
Reservados todos los derechos. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro, incluido el diseo de la cubierta, puede reproducirse o
transmairsc por ningn procedirrninto el.ectrmro o
IndUYeride, fotocopia.. grabacin maignt]ca o L;tialquter
almacenamiento de trdormacin y notarias de recuperacin, sin perrrnso escrita del AUTOR y de la Editorial ErVICINSON, S.L.
Comight by
Universidad Roy Juan Carlos
Servicio de Publicaciones
Luis Alberto Hernando Cuadrado
Madrid. 2006
ISBN: 978-84-9982-523-6
NDICE
1 THTR cirm cc' 1
1_1_ El 'Adverbio como nindific2dor del verbo
1.2, Ampliacin de las funciones del adverbio
1.3. El adverbio en la tradicin grarnatical francesa
1A, El adverbio en -la Real Academia Espaola
1,5. Caracterizacin del adverbio en trminos negativos,
1_6_ Intentos de modemiz5.1cin
,,,
1,7. Explicacin de B. Pottier
L8, Teora de E. Alarc.os Llorach
1.9. Postura de J. Alcina y J. M. Blecua
1,10, Perspectiva de C. lIernridez _Alonso
,
1+11_Interpretacin ele F- arcos arin
1,12. El adverbio en la Gramtica del Texto
1,13_ Planteamiento de L. Gmez Torrego---- ,,,+.
L14. Sntesis de la evolucin del concepto de adverbio
11
11
19
14
16
9.9
24
F 4
31
, 32
33
35
.35
40
47
56
57
60
4. EL ADVERBIO COMO
85
4.1. COMO en las construcciones relativas de modo.....,,, ............ _85
4_2. Como en las construcciones interroptivas indirectas
87
4,3, COMO en las construcciones comparativas de igualdad
89
4.4, Como en las construcciones temporales_
94
4,5. Coma en las construcciones causales
96
99
4.6. Como en las construcciones condicionales
4.7. COMO en otras estnIcturas sintagmticas
102
Como en las expresiones topicalizadas
104
5. CONCLUSIONES
107
10
1. INTRODUCCIN
11
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
13
En la Gmmmain de Port-Boyal se establece que el adverbio, respondiendo al deseo del hablante de abreviar el discurso, es el equivalente
del grupo preposicin + sustantivo:
Le decir que les hommes ont d'abreger le dis
. cours, est ce
j.rolio, Cicern es mor clowe0, las palabras infinitammte y .tv.9., modificlui los
acije ilvosfirsie y dogrentc, y cuando decirnos Dios .gzsligard /mg sean:mente
los pu:adores, la palabra my modifica svg.trame.ftte, donde se ve que el
adverbio puede modificar un verbo, un adjetivo 6 otro adverbio (1903;
112).
A las mismas partes de h oracin hace referencia la de fmicin de adverbio formulada por la
Real Acad.ernia Espaola desde la edicin de 1917 (El adverbio es una parte by:Arial-31e de la
oracin, que sirve para calificar o determinar la significaci6n del verbo o la del adjetivo, y a
veces la de otro adverbio 1917: 1361), que tanto se ha repetido despus etilos gramticas y
diccionarios en la GRAE, en todas bis ediciones siguientes, y en el DRAE, hasta la de
1992). Esta definicin, que desemboca en la work. de los tres rangos de O, jesperseu (cuyos
precedentes m, s relevantes son J. IIarris y A. .Bello), es retomada por L. Iljelm.slev y,
posteriormente, por otros autores fimcionalistas, como P. Carbon= Cano y A, Vera Lujn,
o de la Psicome:cllica, como G. Guillaunie o G. Moignei, y culmina t'idas grainkicas
categoriales de Lesniewski y .Ajdukiewicz.
.5 En su ltima edicin, el DEE, teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones ms recientes en el
terreno de la Grana:tica., define el adverbio en los siguientes trminos._ pe] lat_ adverbitim)
in. Gra'''. Palabra invariable cuya funcin consiste en complem.entar la significacin del
verbo, de un adjetivo, de otro adverbio, y de ciertas secuencias (2001: s.. y.).
14
qui a donn iieu aux Aduerbes, Car la pluspart de ces particles ne sont que pour sipifier en Tkrn seul mot, ce qu'on
ne pourroit marquer que par vne preposition & vn nom:
comme Japellier, sagement, pour cwm scpielltia, auec sagesse:
hodie pour bor die, auourdbuy7 [1972: 88D
Esta teora ha sido seguida por gran parte de los representantes de
la gramtica filosfica francesa, entre los que cabe destacar a C. Ch du
Marsais
. (ce qui distingue 1> adtenbe des autres espces de mots, c'est que r ad!M'e vaut autant qu'une prposition et un nom; il a la valeur d'une
prposition avec son complment; est un mot qui abrge; par exemple, sagement vaut autant que ala. sageSSMS [1971: 113]), N. Beauze:
Par rapport aux Adverbes, est une obsetvation importante, que Fon en trouve dans une larigue, plusieurs qui
n'ont dans une au tre langue auc-un quivalent sous la mme forme, main qui s'y rendent par une Prposition avec
un complemenr; & ce complment nonce la mee ide
qui constitue la significarion individuelle de l'Adverbe: efizink, de loin
. ; in s, de prs; fatinque, des deux c6ts; etc.
(1974: 544-545),
Por otra lado, se indica que la denomincin de adverbio debe a que este tipo de partculas de ordinario se junta al verbo para modificar o dete.runlar su accin:9..M.ais l'arce que
ces particles se joignent dlordinair
- e au Verte pour en modifier 8c dtenum.ler raction, comme genemse pzignauit, 27 a combatif tuiliamme.n.r; est ce qui a fait qu'on les appellez _Adverbes
(1972: 58-893s
Landais, basndose en C.. C1r, du Marsais., ofrece la siguiente explicacin:
Cene pArtie di] discours est une expression abrge qui quivaur
prposition er son complment. Par e xemple, sagewent clic anii.m.t que
ser sagesse.. Ainsi t'out mot qui peui. i.re renclue par une prposition el
uti nom est un adfmrbt. fisgue Fadverbe, di? du 1\brsis, empotte
ioujours avec lui la valeur d'une prposition, e l que clinque pposition
marque une espce de manire d"trei une corte de modification dont
le mot qui suit la prposition fait une application particulire, i1 est
videiit que radirribe doit aicnirer quelque modification ou quelque
circonstance ra.ction que le verte signifie; par exernple,, iza tt: repe aya'
politesse ou oh ente (1835: 369)
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
21
INTENTOS DE MODERNIZACIN
22
sustantivo y el adjetivo, el adverbio puede ser tambin por su estructura vocablo, frase u oracin. As, cuando decim
. os //ma 1459-rendabmnie en /a n'O aldea alando lAgar6in liy'ems, encontramos el adverbio vocablo torrendalmoste,
el adverbio frase en la gi9la (Mea, y el adverbio oracin avio liegamn s ziajeros.
En esta lnea, J. Escarpenter presenta el adverbio corno
la clase de palabra que puede tener una fundn de rango
t-em'ario en la oracin, Complementa, por tanto, a palabras
de rango secundario, como el verbo y el adjetivo. // Es yibe deq,atio. E/ deis est mzo: azuZ / Tambin puede complementar a otro adverbio. Vino demaiiado &ponina.. 1/ El
adverbio puede desempear las siguientes funciones: 1)
Complemento circunstancial de un verbo_
2) Complemento de un adjetivo.
3) Complemento de un adverbio
(1984: 128).
Este autor, un poco ms adelante, insiste en que se trata de una categora
ciertamente compleja: La variedad de funciones y clases del adverbio
determina que esta clase de palabras resulte demasiado heterognea y por
ello ha sido estudiada ampliamente en la Gramtica moderna, que ha llegado a conclusiones nuevas sobre la misma (1984: 129). Situado en el
contexto de la Gramtica Generativa y recuerda que lo ms importante, a la
hora de la verdad, es que el adverbio no aparece en la estructura profunda
de las oraciones, sino en la superficial, corno consecuencia de transformaciones realizadas. Es un sustituto superficial de otro sintagma de la
estructura profunda, generalmente preposicional seguido de adjetivol7,
Sobre la base de idnticos presupuestos, F. Abad y R. Espinosa, en
un intento de caracterizar ampliamente la categora, formulan la siguiente
definicin:
Podemos definir el adverbio como palabra de rango sintctico terciario capa2 de modificar (calificar, determinar,
ampliar, precisar, matizar,) el significado de verbos o
como un incidente de segundo godo.
17 De esta manera, en la oracin superficial Los .roitichachos tinierun hiy, habra que interpretar
un modelo profundo como Los ~duchos ilzieron en al da ichiaL
23
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.
You have either reached a pape that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this
book.