Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PlantUnitOutageProblems
G.MichaelCurley
President
GenerationConsultingServices,LLC
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
Agenda
Whatisourobjectiveandwhy?
Whattoolsdowehaveavailable?
Reliableoutageinformation
Measurements(statistics)
Howcanwereachtheobjectives?
Unitlevelbenchmarking
Componentlevelbenchmarking
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WhatisOurObjectiveandWhy?
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Definition
Reliability isthecharacteristicsofanitem
expressedasaprobabilitythatitwillperformits
requiredfunctionsunderspecifiedconditionsfor
aspecifiedperiodoftime.
Maintainability isthecharacteristicsofdesign
andinstallationexpressedastheprobabilitythat
anitemwillberetainedinorrestoredtoa
specifiedconditionwithinaspecifiedperiodof
timewhenmaintenanceisperformedin
accordancewithprescribedproceduresand
resources.
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
Definition
Availability isthecharacteristicofanitem
expressedasaprobabilitythatitwillbe
operationalatarandomlyselectedfuture
instantintime.
Availability
Reliability
Maintainability
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GamePlan
Tosimplyfindwaysthateitheroutage
frequency,outageduration,orboth,canbe
reducedandkeptatalevelconsistentwith
minimumgenerationcostsandload
managementobjectives.
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WhatToolsDoWeHaveAvailable?
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ReliabilityDatabases
Severaldatabasestochoosefrom:
GeneratingAvailabilityDataSystem(GADS) NERC
OperationalReliabilityAnalysisProgram(ORAP)
StrategicPowerSystems,Inc.
KraftwerkInformationSSYstem(KISSY) VGBofEssen,
Germany
PowerReactorInformationSystem(PRIS)
InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA) ofAustria
CanadianElectricityAssociation(CEA) Ottawa,
Canada
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WhatisGADS?
GeneratingAvailabilityDataSystem(GADS)
OffshootoftheEdisonElectricInstitutedatabase
introducedin1960sbytheEEIPrimeMoversCommittee
GADSwasintroducedtotheindustryin1982.
Databaseforcollectingandanalyzingpowerplant
equipmentfailures
Benchmarking
Settingrealisticgeneratingunitgoals
Improvingunitoutputandreliability
Foundationfordeterminingthereliabilityofthebulk
powersystemasrelatedtogeneratingunits
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WhyMandatoryGADS?
WhenNERCbecametheElectricReliabilityOrganization
(ERO)undertheEnergyPolicyActof2005(Section215),
itwasgiventhemandatetomonitorthereliabilityofthe
bulkpowersystem:
Transmission
Generatingfacilities
Notdistributionsystems
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
WhyMandatoryGADS?
Historically
Reliabilityassessmentreportsandmodeling
Lossofloadexpectationstudiesandmodeling
NewChallenges
Astheresourcemixchanges,NERCanditsstakeholders
willneedtounderstandhowthechangesinresource
performancetranslatesintoPlanningReserveMargins.
Understandingtheperformanceofexistingandnew
resourcetechnologiesisessentialtocomprehendingthe
reliabilityoftheprojectedbulkpowersysteminNorth
America.
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
GeneratingUnitsReportingtoGADS
8000
7000
6000
7028
5841
5952
6014
7445
5650
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013*
*Projected2013Value
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GADSUnitsbyUnitType
GADS2012Data
Combined
Cycle
9%
Hydro/PS
41%
Other
2%
Fossil
25%
Nuclear
2%
GT/Jet
18%
Diesel
3%
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NewConstruction20042013
34
Other
208
CombinedCycle
153
Hydro/PS
60
Diesel
261
GT/Jet
0
Nuclear
32
Fossil
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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MWGenerated
GADS2012Data
Other
2%
Combined
Cycle
29%
Fossil
50%
Hydro/PS
12%
Diesel
0%
GT/Jet
2%
Nuclear
5%
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WhatDataDoesGADSCollect?
Designdata
Identifythevariousunittypes
SeparateunitsintogroupsbyMWsize,fuels,age,etc.
Eventdata
Insightsintoequipmentproblems
Essentialforevaluatedunitdesignssuchaspressurized
versesbalanceddraftfurnaces
PerformanceData
Performancedataprovidesinformation,inasummarized
format,pertainingtooverallunitoperationduringa
particularmonthinagivenyear.
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UnitState Active
DetailsofreportingatGCSGADSWorkshop.Seehandout.
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PrimaryCauseofEvent
GADScollectsdetailsregardingthesystem,major
component,orpieceofequipmentprimarilyresponsible
forcausingtheoutageorderatingevent.
Primarydetailsarerequired;secondarydetailsare
optional.
Important detailsofeventoutagecauseconsistsof:
System/Componentcausecodes(causecodes)
CauseCodeAmplificationCode(ampcodes)
EventContributionCode
VerbalDescription
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BasisofGADSDatabase
IEEE762camefrom
olderEdisonElectric
Institute(EEI)
documentsdeveloped
duringthe1970s.
IEEE762wasdeveloped
andtestedin1982;
revisedin1987,2006
andreaffirmedfor10
yearsin2010.
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GeneralOverview
Unweighted(timebased) equationsusetime
Weighted(energyorcapacitybased) equationsbased
onMWsizeoftheunits
1,000MW
100MW
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IEEE762Indices Factors
DiscussionoftheMostCommonUsesIEEE762Factorsand
WhyTheyAreImportanttothePowerIndustry
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EquivalentAvailabilityFactor(EAF)
ByDefinition:
Thefractionofnetmaximumgenerationthatcouldbe
providedafteralltypesofoutagesandderatings(including
seasonalderatings) aretakenintoaccount.
Measurespercentofmaximumgenerationavailable over
time
Notaffectedbyloadfollowing
ThehighertheEAF,thebetter
DeratesreduceEAFusingEquivalentDeratedHours
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TheEintheEquationName
WhenyouseeanEinthestatisticsname,itstandsfor
EquivalentsuchasEquivalentAvailabilityFactor(EAF)
orEquivalentForcedOutageRate Demand(EFORd).
Thesestatisticscontainderatings aswellasfulloutages.
DeratingsonlyappearinGADSfromeventrecords,not
performancerecords.Soitisimportanttoincludeall
deratingsinyourreporting!
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WhatareEquivalentDeratedHrs.?
Thisisamethodof
convertingderatingsinto
fulloutages.
Theproductofthe
DeratedHoursandthe
sizeofreduction,divided
byNMC.
100MWderatefor4
hoursisthesamelossas
400MWoutagefor1
hour.
100MWx4hours=400MWx1hour
400
300
200
100
400
300
200
100
1234
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ScheduledOutageFactor(SOF)
ByDefinition:
Thepercentoftimeduringaspecificperiodthataunitis
outofserviceduetoeitherplannedormaintenance
outages.
Outagesarescheduled.
PO WellinAdvance
MO Beyondthenextweekend
Ameasureoftheunitsunavailabilityduetoplannedor
maintenanceoutages.
ThelowertheSOF,thebetter.
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NetCapacityFactor(NCF)
ByDefinition:
Measurestheactualenergygenerated asafractionofthe
maximumpossibleenergyitcouldhavegeneratedat
maximumoperatingcapacity.
Showshowmuch theunitwasusedovertheperiodof
time
Theenergyproducedmaybeoutsidetheoperators
controlduetodispatch.
ThehighertheNCF,themoretheunitwasusedto
generatepower(movingtobaseload).
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NetOutputFactor(NOF)
ByDefinition:
Measurestheoutputofageneratingunitasafunctionof
thenumberofhoursitwasinservice(synchronizedtothe
grid).
Howhardwastheunitpushed
Theenergyproducedmaybeoutsidetheoperators
controlduetodispatch.
ThehighertheNOF,thehighertheloadingoftheunit
whenonline.
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ComparingNCFandNOF
NCF = 100% x (Net Actual Generation)
[PH x (Net Maximum Capacity)]
NOF = 100% x (Net Actual Generation)
[SH x (Net Maximum Capacity)]
NCF measures % of time at full load.
NOF measures the loading of the unit when operated.
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
Whatcanyoulearnfromthischart?
EAF
NCF
NOF
Nuclear
87.19
88.36
98.96
Fossil,coal
83.33
63.62
81.15
Fossil,gas
84.17
12.53
35.98
Fossil,oil
83.83
8.12
39.81
Gasturbines
88.54
2.51
69.69
Hydro
84.61
40.67
67.43
(Datafromthe20082012GADSBrochure)
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IEEE762Equations Rates
DiscussionoftheMostCommonUsesIEEE762Ratesand
WhyTheyAreImportanttothePowerIndustry
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ForcedOutageRate
ByDefinition:
Thepercentofscheduledoperatingtimethataunitisout
ofserviceduetounexpectedproblemsorfailures.
Measuresthereliabilityofaunitduringscheduled
operation
Sensitivetoservicetime
(reserveshutdownsandscheduledoutagesinfluence
FORresults)
Bestusedtocomparesimilarloads:
baseloadvs.baseload
cyclingvs.cycling
ThelowertheFOR,thebetter.
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ForcedOutageRate
Calculation:
FOR =
FOH
FOH + SH + Syn Hrs. + Pmp Hrs.
x 100%
200
= 3.23%
200 + 6000
FOR =
200
200 + 600
= 25.00%
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EquivalentForcedOutageRate
ByDefinition:
Thepercentofscheduledoperatingtimethataunitisout
ofserviceduetounexpectedproblemsorfailuresAND
cannotreachfullcapabilityduetoforcedcomponentor
equipmentfailures.
Theprobabilitythataunitwillnotmeetitsdemanded
generationrequirements.
Goodmeasureofreliability
ThelowertheEFOR,thebetter.
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EquivalentForcedOutageRate
Calculation:
EFOR =
FOH + EFDH
.
(FOH + SH + Syn Hrs. + Pmp Hrs. + EFDHRS)
where EFDH = (EFDHSH + EFDHRS)
EFDHSH is Equivalent Forced Derated Hours
during Service Hours.
EFDHRS is Equivalent Forced Derated Hours
during Reserve Shutdown Hours.
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EquivalentForcedOutageRate
As an example:
FOH = 750, EFDH = 450, SH = 6482, EDFHRS=0,
Syn Hrs. = 0, Pmp Hrs. = 0
EFOR =
FOH + EFDH
.
(FOH + SH + EFDHRS )
EFOR =
EquivalentForcedOutageRate
Demand(EFORd)
Markovequationdevelopedinthe1970s
Usedbytheindustryformanyyears
PJMInterconnection
SimilartothatusedbytheCanadianElectricityAssociation
BeingusebytheCEA,PJM,NewYorkISO,ISONew
England,andCaliforniaISO
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EquivalentForcedOutageRate
Demand(EFORd)
Interpretation:
Theprobabilitythataunitwillnotmeetitsdemandperiods for
generatingrequirements.
Bestmeasureofreliabilityforallloadingtypes(base,cycling,
peaking,etc.)
Bestmeasureofreliabilityforallunittypes(fossil,nuclear,gas
turbines,diesels,etc.)
Fordemandperiodmeasuresandnotforthefull24hourclock.
ThelowertheEFORd,thebetter.
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EquivalentForcedOutageRate
Demand(EFORd)
12
1
11
10
4
7
EFORdwillallowyouto
measurethe
probabilityofaforced
eventduring
demand times.Inthis
example,between1&
4pm.
5
6
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EFORdEquation:
EFORd= [(FOHd) + (EFDHd)] x 100%
[SH + (FOHd)]
Where: FOHd = f x FOH
f=
[(1/r)+(1/T)]
[(1/r)+(1/T)+(1/D)]
r= FOH/(# of FOH occur.)
T= RSH/(# of attempted Starts)
D= SH/(# of actual starts)
EFDHd = fp x EFDH
fp = SH/AH
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ExampleofEFORdvs.EFOR
EFOR vs. EFORd
General Trend
140
Percent EFOR & EFORd
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Increasing RSH / Decreasing SH
(All other numbers in calculation are contant.)
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ExampleofEFORdvs.EFOR
EFOR vs. EFORd
Gas Turbines
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Corresponding EFOR & EFORd Values
EFORd
EFOR
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Whatcanyoulearnfromthischart?
FOR
EFOR
EFORd
SH
RSH
Nuclear
3.34
3.94
3.94 7,788.59
Fossil,coal
6.12
8.30
Fossil,gas
14.41
16.64
Fossil,oil
15.23
17.31
Gasturbines
63.09
62.79
10.65
5.79
5.99
Hydro
1.67
208.89 7,693.79
(Datafromthe20082012GADSBrochure)
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EAF+EFOR=100%?
Given: PH = 8760, SH = 10, RSH = 8460. FOH = 290. No deratings.
EAF = AF = AH
PH
EFOR = FOR =
EAF = 8470
8760
EFOR =
EAF = 97.7%
EFOR = 97.7%
FOH__
(SH+ FOH)
290____
(290 + 10)
OutsideManagementControl(OMC)
Thereareanumberofoutagecausesthatmayprevent
theenergycomingfromapowergeneratingplantfrom
reachingthecustomer.Somecausesareduetotheplant
operationandequipmentwhileothersareoutsideplant
managementcontrol(OMC).
GADSneedstotrackalloutages butwantstogivesome
creditforOMCevents.
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WhatareOMCEvents?
Gridconnectionorsubstationfailure
Actsofnaturesuchasicestorms,tornados,winds,
lightning,etc.
Actsofterrorsortransmissionoperating/repairerrors
Lackoffuels
Waterfromriversorlakes,coalmines,gaslines,etc.
BUTNOToperatorelectedtocontractforfuelswherethe
fuel(forexample,naturalgas)canbeinterrupted
Laborstrikes
BUTNOTdirectplantmanagementgrievances
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ComparingEAF,WEAF,XEAF,etc.
EAF = (AH - ESDH - EFDH - ESEDH) x 100%
PH
WEAF = NMC(AH - ESDH - EFDH - ESEDH) x 100%
NMC (PH)
XEAF = (AH - ESDH - EFDH - ESEDH) x 100%
PH
XWEAF = NMC(AH - ESDH - EFDH - ESEDH) x 100%
NMC (PH)
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ComparingEAF,WEAF,XEAF,etc.
Fossil (All
sizes), Coal
Nuclear
Gas Turbines
EAF
84.64%
86.15%
90.28%
WEAF
84.25%
86.64%
90.06%
XEAF
85.21%
86.50%
90.76%
XWEAF
84.74%
86.98%
90.56%
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HowCanWeReachtheObjectives?
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WhatIsBenchmarking?
BusinessDictionary.comdefinesitas
Ameasurementofthequalityofanorganizations
policies,products,programs,strategies,etc.,and
theircomparisonwithstandardmeasurements,or
similarmeasurementsofitspeers.
Theobjectivesofbenchmarkingare:(1)to
determinewhatandwhereimprovementsare
calledfor;(2)toanalyzehowotherorganizations
achievetheirhighperformancelevels;and(3)to
usethisinformationtoimproveperformance.
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ModesofTransportation
Therearedifferentwaystotravel.Inbenchmarking,therearedifferent
waystodeterminepeergroupsandcompareyourgeneratingunits.
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WhyBenchmark?
Benchmarkingishelpingutilities
Setgoals
Developincentives
Identifyimprovementopportunities
Quantifyandmanagerisks
Createincreasedawarenessofthepotentialforandthevalue
ofincreasedplantperformance
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BenchmarkingShouldbeSMART!
Specific tothetypeandoperationoftheunit.
Measurable toshowactualchanges(+/)
Achievableand
Reasonable Improvementsarepossible.Dont
expectresultsthatareoutsidereasonable
expectations.
Tested thatthemethodofbenchmarkinghas
beentestedtobeasound,proventechnology.
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PeerSelectionCriteria
LargePopulation
NERCGADSDatabase7000+units
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PeerSelectionCriteria
Exact Match
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
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PeerSelectionCriteria
Large Population
Exact Matches
EasyPeerGroupSelection
BagofMarbles
GolfBallsandBBPellets
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EasyPeerGroupSelection
Shouldnotcomparenuclearunitstogas
turbines.
Shouldnotcompareunitsconstructed40
yearsagotonewunitswithoneyear
operation.
Shouldnotcomparebaseloadedunitsto
thoseonlyusedoccasionally(peakers).
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ChallengingPeerGroupSelection
BagofMarbles
SameSize,DifferentColor
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ChallengingPeerGroupSelection
Arecoalfiredunitsreallydifferentthanoil or
gasfiredunits?
Isthereastatisticalmethodtoshowthat199
MWunitsaredifferentthan200MWunits?
HowdoyoudeterminewhenoneMWsizeof
unitsendsandasecondgroupbegins?
DoestheperformanceofmanufacturerAdiffer
significantlyfromthatofmanufacturerB?
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BenchmarkingGoal
Identifygeneratingunits(individually)that
canbegroupedbasedonboth
Unitdesign
Operatingexperience
Question:
Aretheselectedbenchmarkingcriteriadifferent
enoughtobedifferent(golfballsandBBs)or
Aretheselectedbenchmarkingcriteriadifferent
yet thesame(samesizemarbles)?
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WhatistheBestBenchmarkingMetric?
Inthebenchmarkingdefinition,itstates
Ameasurementofthequalityofanorganizations
policies,products,programs,strategies,etc.,and
theircomparisonwithstandardmeasurements,or
similarmeasurementsofitspeers.
Whatisthebestmeasureforcomparing
withpeers?
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PossibleMetricsforBenchmarking
EquivalentAvailabilityFactor(EAF)
Measuresthepercentoftimetheunitiscapable
offullloadoperation.
Measureofoverallunitperformanceandhas
beenthecomparativemeasuringmetricforpower
plantsforyears.
Notinfluencedbydispatch
Influencedbyoutagerepairs PO,MOandFO
Nottotallyindependentofexternalinfluences
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PossibleMetricsforBenchmarking
NetCapacityFactor(NCF)
Measuresthepercentoftimetheunitwasatfull
loadoperation.
Usedasameasureofoverallunitloading
capabilityforcategoriessuchasbaseloaded,
cycling,etc.
Nottotallyindependentofexternalinfluences
Influencedbydispatch
Influencedbyoutagerepairs
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PossibleMetricsforBenchmarking
EquivalentForcedOutageRate(EFOR)
Measurestheprobabilityofexperiencingaforced
outageorforcedderating.
Designedforunitsoperatedcontinuallywithlittle
ornoreserveshutdowns(baseload).
Independentofexternalinfluences
Notinfluencedbydispatch
Notinfluencedbymaintenanceorplannedoutage
repairs,notforcyclingorpeakingunits.
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PossibleMetricsforBenchmarking
EquivalentForcedOutageRateDemand(EFORd)
Measurestheprobabilityofexperiencingaforced
outageorforcedderatingduringdemandperiods.
Designedforunitsinalloperatingstates(baseload,
cycling,peaking,etc.).
Notinfluencedbydispatch
Notinfluencedbymaintenanceorplannedoutage
repairs
Bestreliabilitymetric RECOMMENDED!
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HowManyPeerUnits?
Itishighlyrecommendedthataminimumof30
generatingunitsshouldbeusedtocompare
againstyourunit(orgroupofunits.)
Lessthan30unitscanresultinabias(highorlow).
Adistributionofthebenchmarkingmetriccan
identifyanybias.
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BenchmarkingOptions
Unitbenchmarking
Reviewtheentiregeneratingunitasawholeand
lookforwhatmakestheunitunique.
Componentbenchmarking
Reviewthemajorcomponent/groupof
componentsasawholeandlookforwhatmakes
thecomponent(s)unique.
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UnitBenchmarkingOption#1
Traditionalmethodwhereuserselectswhat
optionsareimportantandwhatoptionsare
thesame.
Samesteamturbinemanufacturer
Samefuelsburned
UsingGADSreportfordeterminingMWsizeofthe
group
100199MW
400599MW
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UnitBenchmarkingOption#1
Advantages
Manypeopleuseit
Quickdeterminationofwhattouseascriteria
basedongutfeeling
Disadvantages
Nostatisticalbackupastoprovethatonecriteria
isbetterthananother.
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UnitBenchmarkingOption#2
StatisticalAnalysis
Method
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PeerSelectionCriteria
Etc.
Firing
Fuel
Vintage
Boiler
Manufacturer
ASSUME
Size
Etc.
Etc.
Duty
Age
Criticality
Etc.
Etc.
Draft
Turbine
Manufacturer
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PeerSelectionCriteria
Etc.
Firing
Fuel
Vintage
Boiler
Manufacturer
ANALYSIS
Size
Etc.
Etc.
Duty
Age
Criticality
Etc.
Etc.
Draft
Turbine
Manufacturer
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PeerSelectionCriteria
SignificanceTesting
Subcritical
Supercritical
EFORd
Cyclic Duty
EFORd
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PeerGroupsSelectCriteria
FossilUnits
All Fossil Units
CRITICALITY
Super
Sub
VINTAGE
<1972
MODE OF OPERATION
1972
Cycling
Base load
Size
Draft Type
Fuel
Boiler Mfr.
Draft Type
Size
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SomeFindings
GolfballsandBBs
Nuclearvs.simplecyclegasturbines
Subcriticalvs.supercriticalpressures
Balancedvs.pressurizedboilers
Samesizemarbles
Gasvs.oilfiredboilers
SteamturbinemanufacturerAvs.B
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DoesPeerSelectionMakeaDifference?
SUPERCRITICAL FOSSIL UNIT TECHNOLOGY
EARLY VINTAGE
EFORd (mean)
EFORd (median)
EFORd (best quartile)
15.60%
12.17%
8.14%
RECENT VINTAGE
9.68%
8.08%
5.47%
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DoesPeerSelectionMakeaDifference?
EFORd PLANTA
OLD CRITERIA
(Coal; 100-199MW)
NEW CRITERIA
% DIFFERENCE
mean
6.47%
5.53%
-14%
median
4.78%
5.07%
+6%
best quartile
2.65%
3.26%
+23%
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ReliabilityBenchmarkingResults
42PeerUnits
Peerunitselectioncriteria
Subcritical
Reserveshutdownhourslessthan963hoursper
year
Naturalboilercirculation
Primaryfuel=coal
Singlereheat
Netoutputfactorgreaterthan85.6%
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PeerUnitEFORdDistribution
100
90
CumulativePercent
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
EquivalentForcedOutageRate Demand(EFORd)
14
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PeerUnitSOFDistribution
100
90
80
CumulativePercent
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
12
14
16
ScheduledOutageFactor(SOF)
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PeerUnitEAFDistribution
100
90
CumulativePercent
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
75
80
85
90
EquivalentAvailabilityFactor(EAF)
95
100
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GamePlan
Tosimplyfindwaysthateitheroutage
frequency,outageduration,orboth,canbe
reducedandkeptatalevelconsistentwith
minimumgenerationcostsandload
managementobjectives.
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
MotherLodeShoppingList
ListofTop10CausesofForcedOutages
Rank
CauseCode Description
1050
SecondSuperheaterLeaks
1.01
19,697.83 19,987.16
1000
Waterwall(furnaceWall)
0.43
25,896.34 11,226.20
1040
FirstSuperheaterLeaks
0.28
26,940.82
7,443.75
1060
FirstReheaterLeaks
0.19
27,473.08
5,235.04
4520
Gen.StatorWindings;Bushings;AndTerminals
0.02
221,062.64
4,212.39
1080
EconomizerLeaks
0.17
24,105.14
4,133.95
3620
MainTransformer
0.07
54,428.70
3,889.31
3659
OtherDcPowerProblems
0.03
124,869.58
3,569.12
4470
DifferentialExpansion
0.04
92,785.69
3,536.10
10
1090
OtherBoilerTubeLeaks
0.10
34,137.96
3,252.52
DatafromNERCpcGARsoftware.
Copyright2013byGenerationConsultingServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.
Conclusions
Benchmarkingishelpingutilitiesby
Helpingsetreasonablegoals
Identifyingimprovementopportunities
Quantifyingandmanagingrisks
Creatingincreasedawarenessofthepotentialandvalueof
increasedplantperformance
Properpeergroupselectionisessential!
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Questions?
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GenerationConsultingServices,LLC
GADSDataReportingWorkshops
Nashville,Tennessee
August1315,2013
Charlotte,NorthCarolina
October2223,2013
SoldOut!!!!
RegisterNow
LimitedSeating
Thankyou!
G.MichaelCurley
President
GenerationConsultingServices,LLC
(801)8556575
mike@generationconsultingservices.com
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