March | April 2010

Feature title: Feed Management - Diets for tilapia brood stock:

Addressing challenges for reducing dependency on fish oil
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The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

 Feed Management

)
A (Speaks English
Yassine Abbad, Mi ks Engli sh) Bruce Fagala, US ”
ddle Ea
(Speaks French & st & Africa
SA (Spea “Non -sparking and safe
rlagon, U g available
.”
Mike Ke
Arabic)
y shippin
“Buckets for every
application.” “Same da

Diets for tilapia brood stock:

am, USA & Canada
Carl Swisher, USA
Addressing challenges for reducing dependency on fish oil Jim Cunningh ish)
(Speaks gl
En (S pe ak s Sp an ish)

“Rounded edge
s= “Xtremely efficient” Thorsten Ro
nd lin g” gner, Euro
by Krishen rana and Ali Hajizadeh gentle ha (Speaks Ger pe & Asia
“CC-XD man)
– Toughest on
Jimi Davidson, US
A (Speaks Spanish
the market!”

T
he Nile tilapia, Oreochromis
niloticus is a popular species
for farming because it
“Available in polyet )
hyle
polyurethane and ny ne,
factors for sustainable aquaculture, par- performance. Much of this recent attention
America (Speaks Spanish)
ticularly if tilapia is to compete with other however has been on marine species. John Paul Santangelo, Latin lon.”
”
species. It is therefore timely to explore One potential replacement of FO for “Stocking distributors worldwide.

When it Comes to Elevator Bucket Performance,

grows and reproduces substitutes for ingredients like FO to secure tilapia brood stock diets could be palm
well under a wide range of environ- the future of tilapia farming by reducing oil (PO) which is currently the world’s

Tapco Speaks Your Language.

mental conditions and production dependence on marine
systems. pelagic fish for oil Table 1: Proximate composition of experimental diets
(composition of diet expr
So much so that tilapias are now the Wherever your product is processed, stored Tapco has the two most popular designs in the world. Tapco has
Proximate Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3
second most popularly farmed fish after Can we analysis (Po) (P&Co) (control) or shipped, one thing is constant...the a bucket that will interchange and replace existing buckets to give
carps in the world, cultured in about 100 substitute need for high quality buckets that you the durability you need to handle abrasive loads…
countries in tropical and subtropical regions. for fish oil? stand the test of time. with equal or greater capacity.
According to FAO global tilapia production One key require- Dry mater  14.3 14.2 8.0
reached 2.4 million tonnes in 2006, around ment of tilapia seed Crude protein 41.01 40.8 40.6 Since 1974, Tapco buckets have When you call Tapco, you’ll be pleased to learn
five percent of total aquaculture production. production is a high Crude lipid  9.8 9.7 7.1 been outperforming all others that your representative literally DOES speak
The sustainability of this production, proportion of fertilised in tests and actual usage – your language – and knows which buckets FANGED HEAD
Carbohydrate 22.2 23.1 24.3
however, will have to be underpinned by eggs that result in larvae handling everything from are the best choice for your application. Visit Elevator Bolt
Ash 5.3 5.1 10.0
regular supply of quality seed which in turn with acceptable survival ® feed to fertilizer with care and www.tapcoinc.com to find out more
will depend of high quality of brood stock and growth. It is widely Crude fibre 7.3 7.3 7.8 FLAT COUNTERSUNK
STYLE SUPER EUROBUCKET™, CC-XD efficiency. Maybe that’s why about Tapco’s world-class features.
diets for their production. recognised that brood (XTREME DUTY) & CC-HD (HEAVY DUTY) HEAD (NO. 1 NORWAY)
Gross energy (KJg-1) 20.4 20.3 23.9 Elevator Bolt
One crucial aspect that will arguably Polyurethane, Nylon and Polyethylene Elevator Buckets
stock nutrition affects
question the sustainability of tilapia farming reproductive performance, and egg and most important oil crop accounting
is the dependency on fish oil (FO) including larval quality in fish and there is now a sub- for 25 percent of total vegetable oil
brood stock diets. stantial body of literature highlighting the production.
Moreover, the availability and costs of immense importance of lipids and essential Many scientific papers have shown that ELEVATOR BUCKETS - ELEVATOR BOLTS
fish feed ingredients such as FO are vital fatty acids (EFA) egg and larval quality and a significant part of fish oil can be sub- St. Louis, Missouri U.S.A.
Tel.: +1 314 739 9191 • +1 800 288 2726 • Fax: +1 314 739 5880 • www.tapcoinc.com
38
2 ||InternatIonal AquAFeed||March-april
InternatIonalAquAFeed March-april2010
2010 The color blue, when used in connection with elevator buckets, is a U.S. registered trademark owned by Tapco Inc. Super EuroBucket ™ is a registered trademark of Tapco Inc.
© 2010 Tapco Inc.® All rights reserved.
 Leading technology – local solutions. Whether for fish or crustaceans, whether
Feed Management 5 %
sinking orEfloating
D feeds – for every product Buhler offers the perfect solution
fromBO
8
K
O material processing, mixing and extruding to drying. Process expertise
raw
"Under controlled combined with technology solutions made in Asia guarantees the production of
conditions palm oil high-quality animal feeds. But there is even more to it: Buhler know-how also en-
performed as well with ables customers to create the most cost- and energy-efficient process solution
INDONESIA’S NO.1 LIVESTOCK AND FEED INDUSTRY SHOW

commercial control from stand-alone machines to complete plants.

diets containing
FO and could be
used successfully
for brood stock diets
whilst also increasing
THE 5TH INDONESIA’S NO.1
Bühler AG, Feed & Biomass, CH-9240 Uzwil, Switzerland, T: +41 71 955 11 11, F: +41 71 955 28 96
fu.buz@buhlergroup.com, www.buhlergroup.com

the profitability of seed LIVESTOCK AND FEED INDUSTRY EVENT

production

Table 2: Spawning performance of nile tilapia fed different dietary lipid sources
C

treatments M

Palm oil diet P&Cl oil diet (9:1) Control

Fecundity and egg size CM

Parameters (Diet 1) (Diet 2) (Diet 3)

These studies indicated that PO MY

had no negative effect egg diameter, CY

Total fecundity 752.6±32.01b 823.3±46.59a 662.9±36.10b egg volume, egg wet and dry weight CMY

Relative fecundity (no. of egg /BWg) 5.5±0.23a 5.5±0.38a 3.6±0.31b and total egg volume ( although

K

Egg diameter (mm)  2.2±0.03a 2.2±0.03a 2.2±0.03a some differences were observed

with relative fecundity with sub-
Egg volume (mm3) 5.2±0.22a 5.4±0.22a 5.6±0.24a
stitute diets performing better.
Total egg volume (mm3) 3902.7±236.45a 4385.7±267.11a 3654.6±237.07a
Similarity, the substitute diets did
Egg dry weigh (mg) 2.6±0.05a 2.5±0.09a 2.7±0.09a not negatively effect larval length
Egg wet weight (mg) 6.1±0.1a 6.1±0.16a 6.6±0.21a and weight Table 2) although some
EW: BW  1.4±0.06a 1.3±0.08a 0.9±0.08b differences were observed with
relative fecundity with substitute
Fertilisation rate (%) 76.3±1.40a 78.5±1.82a 75.9±2.2a
diets performing better. Similarity,
Hatchability (%) 59.5±1.04a 60.1±1.75a 61.4±1.35a
the substitute diets did not nega-
ISI (day)          14±0.71a          19±1.52b          24±2.74c tively effect larval length and weight.
In each raw means with different Hosted by Supported by Media Partners Organised by
stituted with without negatively affecting Fish were fed three times daily at superscripts are significantly differ- Directorate General
P
A R
T E
M

E
DE

N
of Livestock Services,
fish growth, feed utilization and survival three percent of body weight. Fish were ent (P < 0.05).

A N
P E
Department of

I
IN R DEPARTEMEN PERDAGANGAN
Agriculture D U S T REPUBLIK INDONESIA

Napindo
but comparatively little is known if they manually stripped under anaesthesia and The inter spawning interval is an
be substituted in brood stock diets. eggs were fertilised by adding the sperm important factor for understanding
! " # $ % & $ ' # ( # '

Such a study was recently conducted
at the Institute of Aquaculture to test
the effect of palm oil on egg and larval
quality over consecutive spawnings in
brood stock Nile tilapia, that were reared
for their entire life cycle on their respec-
tive diet regimes. The three diets tested
shown in Table 1 include 100 percent
substitution of oil using PO (Diet 1), 90
percent PO (Diet 2) and a control trout
diet (Diet 3).
from males maintained under the same
diet regime and total fecundity (number
of eggs per female), relative fecundity
(no. of eggs per female weight), fertilisa-
tion (%) and hatching rate (%), inter-
spawning-interval (ISI) and egg weight
as percentage of body weight (EW:BW)
monitored. In addition hatchlings from
each individual fish were weighed
and their length measured at 10 days
post-fertilisation.
breeding performance. In these studies
ISI for brood stock fed substituted PO
diets had the shortest ISI (Figure 1), an
added benefit.
REPLY COUPON www.indolivestock.com
These studies suggest that under con- Please send me more information on exhibiting Name: .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
trolled conditions palm oil performed at INDO LIVESTOCK 2010 EXPO & FORUM
Jobtitle: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
as well with commercial control diets Please send me more information on visiting Company: ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
containing FO and could be used suc- at INDO LIVESTOCK 2010 EXPO & FORUM
cessfully for brood stock diets whilst Address: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
For futher information, please call/ fax to:
also increasing the profitability of seed
production.
The solution behind the solution.
PT. Napindo Media Ashatama,
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tel: ......................................................................... Fax: ..........................................................................................................................
Jl. Kelapa Sawit XIV Blok M1 No. 10 Billy & Moon,

GrainFeed
Pondok Kelapa, Jakarta -13450, Indonesia Mobile: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Telp. +6221 8644756/ 85, 8650962, Fax. +62218650963
Email: info@indolivestock.com Email: .............................................................................................................................................................................. ........................
40 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | March-april 2010
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