FLUID FLOW

Introduction:
In this example you will model fluid flow in the entrance region between two infinite plates.
Problem Description:
Air travels between two infinite plates. For the sake of modeling, these plates will be assumed to be 1.5
m long and 5 cm apart.
All units are S.I.
Boundary Conditions:
1. Air enters between the plates at a uniform velocity of 0.1 m/s.
Material Properties:
Air: Density = 1.23 Kg/m3
Viscosity = 1.79 e -5
Dimensions
Length = 1.5 m
Width = 0.05 m
Objective: Find the nodal velocity distribution within the air gap between the two plates.
Figure:

Basic Outline of the Problem:

Preprocessing:
1. Start ANSYS.
2. Create areas.
3. Define the material properties.
4. Define fluid element type. (2D Flotran 141 element, which is a 2-D element for fluid analysis.)
5. Specify meshing controls / Mesh the areas to create nodes and elements.
Solution:
6. Specify boundary conditions.
7. Specify number of iterations for the solution.
8. Solve.
Postprocessing:
9. Plot the contour plot of the velocity distribution.
10. Plot the vector plot of the velocity distribution.
Exit:
11. Exit the ANSYS program, saving all data.

Starting ANSYS:
Click on ANSYS in the programs menu.
Select Interactive.
The following menu comes up. Enter the working directory. All your files will be stored in this directory.
Also under Use Default Memory Model make sure the values 64 for Total Workspace, and 32 for
Database are entered. To change these values unclick Use Default Memory Model.
Click RUN
Modeling the Structure:
Go to the ANSYS Utility Menu (the top bar). Click Workplane>WP Settings…
The following widow comes up: (notice the numbers are different)

Check the Cartesian and Grid Only buttons

Enter the values shown in the figure above. Click OK
Go to the ANSYS Utility Menu (the top bar). Click Workplane>Display Working Plane. This will display
the working grid on the workspace.
Use Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Pan Zoom Rotate to display the grid as shown in the next step below.
Next, go to the ANSYS Main Menu (on the left hand side of the screen) and click
Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Rectangle>By 2 Corners.
The following window comes up:
Click OK once the proper values have been entered.
The model should look like this now: (note, you have a black background)

Element Properties:
SELECTING ELEMENT TYPE:
Click Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete... In the 'Element Types' window that opens click on
Add... The following window opens:

Type 1 in the Element type reference number.

Click on Flotran CFD and select 2D Flotran 141. Click OK. Close the 'Element types' window.
So now we have selected Element type 1 to be a Flotran element. The component will now be modeled
using the principles of fluid dynamics. This finishes the selection of element type.
DEFINE THE FLUID PROPERTIES:
Go to Preprocessor>Flotran Set Up>Fluid Properties.
On the box, shown below, set the first two input fields as Air-SI, and then click on OK. Another box will
appear. Accept the default values by clicking OK.
Now we’re ready to define the Material Properties
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Go to the ANSYS Main Menu
Click Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models. The following window will appear

As displayed, choose CFD>Density. The following window appears.

Fill in 1.23 to set the density of Air. Click OK.

Now choose CFD>Viscosity. The following window appears:
Now the Material 1 has the properties defined in the above table so the Material Models window may be
closed.
Meshing:
This section is responsible for telling ANSYS how to divide the block such that it has enough nodes, or
points, to produce accurate results.
Go to Preprocessor>Meshing>Size Controls>Manual Size>Lines>All Lines. In the menu that comes up
type 0.01 in the field for Element edge length.

Click on OK. Now when you mesh the figure ANSYS will automatically create square meshes that have an
edge length of 0.01m along the lines you selected.
Now go to Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh Attributes>Default Attributes. The window is shown below:

Make sure that the window matches the one above, click OK, and proceed to
Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Areas>Free
A popup window will appear on the left hand side of the screen. This window allows you to select the area
to be meshed. Click within the rectangle you created before and click OK.
The block should now look like this when you are done meshing:
Boundary Conditions and Constraints:
Go to Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Fluid CFD>Velocity>On lines. Pick the left edge
block and Click OK. The following window comes up.

Enter 0.1 in the VX value field and click OK. The 0.1 corresponds to the velocity of 0.1 meters per second
of air flowing from the left side.
Repeat the above and set the Velocity to ZERO for the air along all of the top and bottom edges. This is
due to the no slip condition. (VX=VY=0 for all sides)
Go to Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Fluid CFD>Pressure DOF>On Lines.
Pick the right side of the block and click OK. This signifies the open end of the pipe.
Once all the Boundary Conditions have been applied, the boundary conditions on the plates should look like
this:
 Now the Modeling of the problem is done.
SOLUTION
Go to ANSYS Main Menu>Solution>Flotran Set Up>Execution Ctrl.
The following window appears. Change the first input field value to 25, as shown. No other changes are
needed. Click OK.

Go to Solution>Run FLOTRAN.
Wait for ANSYS to solve the problem.
Click on OK and close the 'Information' window.
POST-PROCESSING
Plotting the velocity distribution…
Go to General Postproc>Read Results>Last Set.
Then go to General Postproc>Plot Results>Contour Plot>Nodal Solution. The following window
appears:

Select DOF Solution and Velocity VSUM and Click OK.

This is what the solution should look like:
Now go to General Postproc>Plot Results>Vector Plot>Predefined. The following window will appear:

Enter the values as shown and click OK. The (zoomed in) plot of velocities will look as follows. (Note:
this is a zoomed in portion of the entrance of the pipe)
A Zoomed in section at the end of the pipe reveals that in fact, a laminar profile has developed and the
velocity yields the correct distribution:

Saving Projects
Simply go to Utility Menu>File>Save As… and save the project using the desired filename. To open the
file later, run Interactive (the first thing explained in this tutorial) as usual, and when that is done, go to
Utility Menu>File>Resume From… and choose the saved job from the directory it is saved in.