Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Overview
The Problem
Providing research infrastructure for both the academia and the industry
Cost-effective solutions for NGN test-beds in the mobile domain
Realizing realistic testing environments
Outlook
3G/UMTS progress status
4G/LTE short overview
Q&A
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Wireless testbeds
Most deal with WiFi (e.g. open source WiFi drivers like MADWIFI have spurred the
creation of numerous test-beds and incredible innovation)
Also numerous related to ZigBee or Bluetooth
Yet for the most used today GPRS, UMTS, LTE very few
Blocking issues
Very complex interfaces and protocol stacks
Education: how many here have learned about the GPRS protocols during university
courses?
Equipment costs
Proprietary/Specialized hardware
Interoperability and vendor-locking
Secret algorithms
Spectrum license required
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Americas
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GPRS/EDGE RAN (GERAN) is connected to the core network through two interfaces:
A interface
for CS attachment, IDLE mode management, CS service establishment,
Gb interface
for PS attachment, IDLE mode management, PS bearer establishment,
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Network Service
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Fraunhofer FOKUS
Attachment/Detachment
Authentication
Paging (PS and CS)
Location procedures Routing area updates
Session Management
Establishes PDP Contexts, which provide the IP data paths
Management of QoS parameters
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1. Demo Scenario
CS Attachment
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2. Demo Scenario
SMS
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3. Demo Scenario
PS Attachment
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4. Demo Scenario
Operator Indicated Access Network Selection
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5. Demo Scenario
Seamless Handover
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Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Lessons Learned
2G/GPRS was/is hard to implement!
Many and very complex protocols
Lots of testing and learning needed to develop them
Unfortunately has some secret parts
The A3/A8 GSM algorithms with the COMP128 authentication secret
but reverse engineered
Using instead the USIM fallback with public AKA/Milenage
transformation
Or expensive/impractical protocols
The A interface should use MTP to transport SCCP
Using vendor proprietary SIG-IP to transport SCCP as pure-IP solution
(cell was probably developed before 3G/UMTS brought the M3UA over
SCTP standard alternative)
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Fraunhofer FOKUS
Lessons Learned
3G/UMTS seems simpler now
Reusing protocols and interfaces towards the Core Network
Reusing many state-machines in the SGSN and MSC components
Fortunately over-IP from day 1
CS parts mostly optional, but not entirely eliminated as initially scoped
4G/LTE even simpler
More intelligence in eNodeB less components between the Access Point
and the Core Network
Much simpler to integrate with a Core Network, yet a different type of
complexity
Finally no PS requires IMS for calls, but that exists already in test-beds
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2G/GPRS References
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3GPP TS 23.060 - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2
3GPP TS 48.016 - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS
Support Node (SGSN) interface; Network service
3GPP TS 48.018 - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS
Support Node (SGSN); BSS GPRS protocol (BSSGP)
3GPP TS 44.064 - Mobile Station - Serving GPRS Support Node (MS-SGSN); Logical Link Control
(LLC) Layer Specification
3GPP TS 44.065 - Mobile Station (MS) - Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN); Subnetwork
Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP)
3GPP TS 24.008 - Mobile radio interface Layer 3 specification; Core network protocols; Stage 3
ITU-T Q.711 - Functional description of the signalling connection control part
ITU-T Q.712 - Definition and function of Signalling connection control part messages
ITU-T Q.714 - Signalling connection control part procedures
ITU-T Q.715 - Signalling connection control part user guide
ITU-T Q.716 - Signalling System No. 7 - Signalling connection control part (SCCP) performance
3GPP TS 48.006 Signalling Transport Mechanism Specification for the Base Station System - Mobile
Services Switching Centre (BSS-MSC) Interface
3GPP TS 48.008 - Mobile Switching Centre - Base Station system (MSC-BSS) interface; Layer 3
specification
3GPP TS 29.272 - Evolved Packet System (EPS); Mobility Management Entity (MME) and Serving
GPRS Support Node (SGSN) related interfaces based on Diameter protocol
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Acronyms
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NS Network Service
PDP Packet Data Protocol
PGW Packet Data Network Gateway
PS Packet Switched
RAN Radio Access Network
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SGW Serving Gateway
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SM Session Managements
SMS Short Messaging System
SNDCP Sub-network Dependent
Convergent Protocol
USIM UMTS SIM
Backup Slides
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Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fraunhofer FOKUS
No 100% compliance
Yet doing very well on interoperability
Always going for the latest concepts (think 3GPP Rel.10-11, IETF drafts, crazy new ideas
to make-it-work)
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GERAN
S3
S1-MME
S6a
MME
PCRF
S11
S10
LTE-Uu
UE
S4
Serving
Gateway
E-UTRAN
S1-U
S12
S5
Rx
Gx
PDN
Gateway
SGi
Operator's IP
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Validation of standards
Vendor independent implementation
All features have been demanded and used
If its not there, chances are that you dont need it
GERAN
S3
S1-MME
S6a
MME
PCRF
S11
S10
LTE-Uu
UE
S12
S4
Serving
Gateway
E-UTRAN
S1-U
3GPP TS 23.401
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S5
Rx
Gx
PDN
Gateway
SGi
Operator's IP
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
OpenEPC Realization
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Education
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Technology field-trials
Understand & evaluate the new architectures
Early estimations
Fast functionality gap-filling
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Openness
patents
ideas
standards
research
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pre-products/prototypes
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Trialing Applications
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VoLTE
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A cost and effort efficient VoLTE testbed presumes putting together the following
functionality:
A VoLTE mobile device application e.g. FOKUS RCS Client for Android
An LTE capable smartphone
An LTE Radio Access Network
OpenEPC core network providing default and dedicated bearers
Open IMS Core
(Optional) IMS Application Servers, Session Border Nodes, Media Servers,
Fraunhofer FOKUS
SRVCC
SRVCC
AS
Translation
BTS
BSC
GPRS
CS
Voice
Stack
CS-PS
Control
Mobile Phone
Mobility
Manager
NodeB RNC
eNodeB
S6a
S1-U
Charging
System
PCRF
S4
S11 S12
S1-MME
Rx
Sp
Iu-PS
MME
UMTS
HSS/SPR
S6d
SGSN
LTE
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Gb
OpenIMSCore
Sp
MSC
S-GW
Gxx
Gx
S5/S8
Gy/Gz
PDN GW
SGi
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LTE-Uu Emulation
WiFi
802.11
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