Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Tuning
Contents
Evolution to UMTS ................................................................ 3-9
UMTS Architecture Overview ............................................ 10-13
Idle mode features............................................................. 14-25
WCDMA Power Control and access.................................. 26-36
Admission and congestion control ..................................... 37-46
Handover .......................................................................... 47-68
WCDMA Channel Switching.............................................. 69-76
Radio planning optimization .............................................. 77-88
Quality of Service .............................................................. 89-96
Measurement and statistics collection ............................. 97-103
KPI ................................................................................ 104-106
Accessibility................................................................... 107-112
Retainability................................................................... 113-118
Integrity ......................................................................... 119-121
HSDPA-HSUPA ............................................................ 122-129
-2-
Module 1
Evolution to UMTS
-3-
Cellular Generation
Data
1992
2000
2001
First Generation
1976+, though really the
technology of the 1980s
Analogue modulation
Frequency Division
Multiple Access
Voice traffic only
No inter-network roaming
possible
Insecure air interface
-4-
Time
Second Generation
1990s
1st system to use Digital modulation
Variety of Multiple Access strategies
Voice and low rate circuit
switched data
Same technology allows
international
roaming
Secure air interface
-5-
GSM Planning
Macrocells and microcells
Capacity driven planning
Frequency planning required
Optional parameters requiring
planning
Hierarchical Cell Structures
Frequency Hopping
Discontinuous Transmission
Power Control
Simple subscriber/traffic analysis
Capacity limited by number of
TRXs
Hard Handover
GSM networks use microcells to provide additional capacity.
Carrier Bandwidth = 200 kHz
1 connection
2 connection
3 connection
-6-
2.5 G
Now
Digital modulation
Voice and intermediate rate
circuit/packet switched data
Same technology roaming
Secure air interface
Based upon existing dominant
standards such as GSM and
cdmaOne
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
Enhancement to the GSM standard
Utlilises
a) Multiple timeslots
b) Packet switching
Packet Switching Data typically to
rates of 56kbps
a) theoretically 171kbps for 8
Introduces serving GPRS support
node - SGSN
IS-95 B
-7-
2.75 G EDGE
Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
Sometimes called E-GPRS (Enhanced GPRS)
Enhancement to the GSM and TDMA standards
Utlilises:
8PSK Modulation
Possible 1.6 Mhz carrier under IS-136
8 Channel Coding Schemes
Multiple Timeslots (similar frame structure to GSM)
TDMA
Data up to rates of 384kbps (typically less)
3G Goals
Data Rates
Local area 2 Mbps
In office, stationary
Limited mobility 384 kbps
Urban pedestrian
Full mobility 144 kbps
Rural in car
High spectrum efficiency compared existing systems
High flexibility to introduce new services
3G Spectrum
-8-
UMTS FDD
Universal Mobile Telecommunication system Frequency
Division Duplexing Mode
Built onto enhanced GSM core network
Utilises:
QPSK modulation (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
Variable spreading factors and multi-code transmission
CDMA
FDD
Asynchronous operation
Data up to rates of 2Mbps
UMTS TDD
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Time Division
Duplexing Mode
Built onto enhanced GSM core network
Utilises:
QPSK modulation
Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
CDMA
TDD
Asynchronous operation
Data up to rates of 2Mbps
UMTS
GSM
5MHz
200kHZ
1-21
1500Hz
2Hz or lower
Module 2
- 10 -
List of Acronyms
AUC:
AN:
BS:
BSC:
BSS:
BTS:
CN:
CSPDN:
EIR:
GGSN:
G4-SC:
HLR:
lMS Lp:
lSDN:
ME:
MGW:
MSC:
MT:
PDN:
PSPDN:
PSTN:
RNC:
Authentication Center
Access Network
Base Station
Base Station Controller
Base station Subsystem
Base Transceiver Station
Core Network
Circuit Switched Public Data Network
Equipment identity Register
Gatev4ay GPRS Support Node
Gateway MSC
Home Location Register
Multi Media Subsystem
Integrated Services Digital Network
Mobile Equipment
Media Gateway
Mobile Service Switching Center
Mobile Terminal
Packet Data Network
Packet switched Public Data Network
Public Switched Telephone Network
Radio Network controller
- 11 -
RNS:
Radio Network System
SCF:
Service Control Functionality
SCP:
Service Control Point
SGSN:
Serving GPRS Support Node
SlM:
Subscriber Identity-module
SMS-GMSC: Short Message Service GMSC
SMS-lWMSC: Short Message Service Interworking MSC
UE:
User Equipment
UMTS:
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
USlM:
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module
UTRAN: UTMS RANRAN: Radio Access Network
RNS:
Radio Network Subsystem
Network Layers
Application Layer
Application
Application
Enabler
s
MS
C
SG
HLR/
HSS
SGS
Control
WCDMA
Access
GSM/EDGE
Access
SGS
N
Connectivity
MG
W
SG
IMS
GMSC
/TSC
PSTN
ISDN
MG
W
GGS
N
- 12 -
Internet
Intranet
Iu
Iur
RNC
NODE
B
NODE
B
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
Uu
Node B
Iu
Iur
RNC
NODE
B
NODE
B
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
cel
l
Uu
CN
lu
RCN
lub
Nobe
B
Uu
UE
lur
RCN
Module 3
- 14 -
PLMN selection
LA and RA registration
Paging procedure
Strongest cell
8
6
4
2
0
-
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
1.
Frequen
1.
1.
1.
x 7
PLMN A
PLMN B
PLMN D
PLMN E
f1
f2
fn
- 15 -
S-SCH
P-CCPCH
2560 chips
666.7 s
Data (18 bits)
Timeslot #0
2304 chips
600 s
Data (18 bits)
Timeslot #1
27 kbps,
SF=256
Timeslot #2
- 16 -
qQualmin
qRxLevMin
UE max transm pwr Ul
CPICH
Qqualmeas
Qrxlevmeas
P-CCPCH
- 17 -
Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0
- 18 -
If Squal > sIntraSearch the UE does not need to perform intrafrequency measurements.
If Squal sIntraSearch the UE performs intra-frequency
measurements.
If the sIntraSearch is not sent to the serving cell, the UE
performs intra-frequency measurements.
- 19 -
Measurements According to
sRatSearch
Location Registration
- 20 -
Normal Registration
- 21 -
Periodic Registration
UE in idle mode
UE moves to
connected mode
t3212
LA Update
UE moves to
idle mode
t3212
LA Update
LA Update
- 22 -
Paging
- 23 -
PICH
Paging
Indicators
Paging Message
S-CCPCH
PICH
System
Information
Block 1
System
Information
Block 2
- 24 -
System
Information
Block 3
MIB
PLMN Identity
SIB1
SIB3
SIB5
SIB7
SIB11
SIB12
x
x
x
x
x
x
- 25 -
- 26 -
Load
Control
Admission
Control
Packet
Control
Power control
Objectives
Maintain the link quality in uplink and in downlink by
controlling the transmission powers
Prevents near-far effect
Minimize effects of fast and slow fading
Minimize interference in network
Accuracy of the power control is important
No time-frequency separation of users, all use the same
bandwidth
Inaccuracy in power control immediately lifts the networks
interference level, which correspondingly lowers the
capacity
Due to users mobility the speed of power control is also a
critical issue
- 27 -
UE1
UE2
Power Control
Power Control on the common channels ensures that their
coverage is sufficient both to set up UE-originating and UEterminating calls.
Power Control on the dedicated channels ensures an agreed
quality of connection in terms of Block Error Rate (BLER), while
minimizing the impact on other UEs.
Uplink Power Control increases the maximum number of
connections that can be served with the required Quality of
Service (QoS), while reducing both the interference and the
total amount of radiated power in the network.
Downlink Power Control minimizes the transmission power of
the NodeB and compensates for channel fading. Minimizing
transmitted power maximizes the downlink capacity.
- 28 -
PRACH
1 PRACH preamble = 4096 chips
- 30 -
- 31 -
PC mechanism
Outer loop PC: RNC
Adjust the target SIR
In order to meet target
BLER
- 32 -
Received SIR
SIR parameter
SIRtarget
CRC = OK
- 34 -
- 35 -
RBS
Node B
BS Power
BS Power
RNC
Down
Up
Up
Up
Node B
Node B
UE
BS Power
SRNC
BS Power
UE
- 36 -
Admission and
congestion control
- 37 -
Load
Control
Admission
Control
Packet
Control
Nodes involvement
MS
Power Control
Node B
Power Control
Load Control
RNC
Power Control
Load Control
Handover Control
Admission Control
(also in SGSN)
Packet Scheduler
- 38 -
Admission control
If air interface loading is allowed to increase too much the
coverage of the cell will be reduced below the planned
value.
Admission control decides whether to accept the
terminals request for new radio access bearer by
calculating how much interference new bearer would
create to the cell in both UL and DL
Congestion control
Responsible of returning the network back into desired
target load in case of overload
Target load is set in network planning and overload
should be an exceptional situation
Admission Control
There are predefined UL and
DL thresholds for interference
power. Thresholds are set in
network planning.
If either UL or DL threshold is
exceeded the RAB is not
admitted.
For decision AC may derive the
transmitted bit rate, processing
gain, radio link initial quality
parameters, target BER, BLER,
Eb/No, SIR target.
- 39 -
Admission Control
Admission Control
ASE of a radio link = relative value, defined as the airinterface load relative to a speech radio link (l2.2kbps,
50% activity).
A radio link with an ASE of 3 in DL, is expected to
generate as much interference in downlink as 3 speech
radio links in the cell.
General method of estimating ASE value for a specific
service:
(maxrate radio link)
(activity factor radio link)
(maxrate radio link speech) (activity factor speech)
Uplink ASEs
2.43
1.61
7.22
11.10
4.74
4.74
8.32
8.32
8.32
9.32
1.61
12.48
8.32
40.27
- 40 -
Downlink ASEs
2.43
1.61
7.22
11.10
10.59
17.04
8.32
16.03
40.27
9.32
1.61
12.48
0.61
0.61
Admission Control
- 41 -
Congestion Control
- 42 -
Congestion Control
Core Network
lu
SRNC
& RNC
lu
SRNC
lur
Over lu:
1.
3.
5.
Over lur:
2.
CS users in HO
CS users
4.
Speech users in HO
Speech users
CS users in HO
CS users
6.
Speech users in HO
Speech users
- 43 -
Packet scheduler
Packet Scheduler
load
Non-controllable load
time
The amount of scheduled capacity depends on:
UE and BTS capabilities,
the current load in the cell,
the availability of -physical
resources.
44 -
Packet Scheduler
For dimensioning purposes radio network planning can
define packet access features per, e.g. by next parameters
Amount of packet bursts per session
Reading time between bursts
Size of packets
Arrival rate packets
Amount of packets per burst
Number of retransmission
Packet service session
Packet call
time
Reading
time
Packet size
- 45 -
Control summary
- 46 -
Handover
- 47 -
Load
Control
Admission
Control
Packet
Control
Intra-system
Handover
Intra-frequency
Handover
Inter-system
Handover
Inter-frequency
Handover
UMTS<>GSM
UMTS<>EDGE
etc.
UMTS<>GPRS
Soft
Softer
Hard
Hard
- 48 -
Hard HO (HHO)
All the old radio links of an UE are released before the new
radio links are established.
Real time bearers: short disconnection in transmission.
Non real time bearers: HHO is lossless.
Shared & common channels used for hard handover (cell
reselection)
Soft HO (SHO).
MS always keeps at least one radio link to UTRAN.
Soft HO: MS is simultaneouslly controlled by two or
more cells belonging to different BTS of the same R C
or to different RNC.
Softer HO. MS is controlled by at least two cells under
one BTS.
Dedicated channels (Cell_DCH state) used for SHO
Handover can be either network or UE initiated
Serving RNC makes the decisions in both cases
- 49 -
Hard handovers
UE responding to
BS1
UE responding to
BS2
tim
BS2 Receive Power
Target
tim
Trouble zone: Prior to Hard
Handover,
- 50 -
- 51 -
Soft Handover
BS
SHO utilises two separate codes in DL (RAKE fingers in UE are
assigned for reception)
Maximum ratio combining done in UE for the signals
Produced gain 1-3 dB, handover..
Gain depends on the difference of the signals strength
Gain depends on channel conditions and accuracy of the
received channel estimate
In some circumstances the
gain can be lost!
The more multipath diversity is available the less SHO gain is
achived
- 52 -
Softer/Soft Handover
BS
UPLINK
More complex situation than in DL
During softer HO, same procedure in node Bs RAKE than in
DL case
Produced gain 1-3 dB
Better performance in terms of strength differences,
since the signals come from the same source
During Soft HO, the combining of signals is done in the RNC
Selection combining performed for baseband signal
Based on selecting the frame with better FER or BER
Better frame send to be used in open loop PC (target
SIR estimation)
Gain achieved through more stable UE tx-powers (12dB) No actual gain to the radio link
RNC
CN
Block in error
- 53 -
Soft Handover
Soft Handover
Active Set
As UE moves, node Bs are continuously added to and
removed from the active set. When added, they are also
updated to the neighbor cell list.
UE measures the monitored set of cells and Handover
Control evaluates ifany node B should be added to, removed
from or replaced in the active set
Maximum Active Set Size parameter
is used to determine the maximum allowed number of
SHO connections (varies between 1-5, typical default 3)
Too high value decreases capacity (signalling
increases and multiple connections occur too
often)
Too low value degreases the SHO performance
(best candidate cells may be excluded in some
situations)
- 54 -
UE
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message
(DCCH)
Perform
Measurement
MEASUREMENT REPORT message
(DCCH)
UE Evaluation
RNC Evaluation
Execution
ACTIVE SET
UPDATE COMPLETE
Radio Link
Add/Remove/Replace
RNC Evaluation
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message
(DCCH)
Description
Intra-frequency, Inter-frequency or Inter-RAT
Measurement identity
number
Measurement
command
Measurement objects
Measurement quantity
Measurement reporting
criteria
Reporting mode
- 55 -
Soft Handover
- 56 -
Soft Handover
- 57 -
measQuantity1
(Ec/No or RSCP)
P_CPICH 1
P_CPICH 2
P_CPICH 3
hyst1c/2
hyst1c/2
P_CPICH 4
time
timeToTrigger1c
Example:
maxActiveSet=3
P_CPICH 1
P_CPICH 2
Hysteresis1d/2
Hysteresis1d/2
P_CPICH 3
time
timeToTrigger1d
- 58 -
General
The handovers can be triggered due to Ec/No criteria or RSCP
criteria.
The handovers are also triggered by UE Tx power.
fddGSMHOSupp: Indicates if the RNC supports Inter-RAT HO
fddIFHOSupp: Indicates if the RNC supports Inter-Frequency
HO
hOType: Parameter set per cell. Indicates if Inter-RAT Ho or
Inter-Frequency HO or none shall be evaluated in case both
Inter-RAT and Inter-Frequency neighboring cells have been
configured.
hOTypeDRNCBand: Parameter set per frequency band.
Indicates for a SRNC if Inter-RAT HO or Inter-frequencyHandover shall be evaluated per frequency band in case both
Inter-RAT and Inter-frequency neighboring cells have been
configured in the Destination RNC.
Inter-Frequency Handover
Sequence
RNC
UE
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message
(start event 2b)
Perform
Measurement
RNC Evaluation
UE Evaluation
Execution
Radio Link
Setup/Addition
Physical Channel
Reconfiguration Complete
Physical Channel
Reconfiguration
Measurement Control
(updated neighbor
- 59 -
UTRA
N
GERA
N
Measure
GSM/GPRS
Execute
ISHO
UTRAN
CN
BSS
Measurement report
Relocation required
(Inter-RAT handover info)
Relocation command
(Handover command)
Handover request
(Inter-RAT handover info)
Handover request ack
(Handover command)
Handover access
Handover access
Handover detect
Handover complete
lu release command
lu release complete
- 60 -
Handover complete
UTRAN
CN
BSS
Measurement Information
Measurement report
Relocation request
Relocation request
acknowledge (Handover
to UTRAN command)
Handover required
Handover command
(handover to UTRAN
command)
Relocation detect
Relocation detect
Clear command
Clear complete
- 61 -
- 62 -
GSM to WCDMA HO :
Measurements on WCDMA Cells
Four different scenarios:
always.
8 14:
15:
never.
- 64 -
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
FDDQOFF
FDDQMIN
5 seconds
CPICH Ec/No
> FDDQMIN
IRAT to
WCDMA
- 65 -
GSM RLA
WCDMA Cell
measurement
Filtering
Urgency condition
B
Inter System Handover
algorithm
ISHOLEV = 20 %
% idle TS
ISHOLEV
Basic ranking
Ec/No
> MRSL
- 66 -
WCDMA RAN
Inter Frequency
Load sharing
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
GSM RAN
f1
f2
f2
f1
f1
- 67 -
f1
GSM
Admission
Control
WCDM
A
- 68 -
WCDMA Channel
Switching
- 69 -
Basics
Transmission on
Common/Dedicated channels
Common physical channel (RACH, FACH)
Rx
power
Time
Rx
power
Time
Dedicated
Channel
Channel
Type
Switching
- 70 -
Shared
Channel
Radio Channels
Logical Channels
- 71 -
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
- 72 -
Physical Channels
- 73 -
- 74 -
Channel Switching-Common to
Dedicated
RLC buffer size (bytes)
(UL/DL)
dlRlcBufUpswitch
or
ulRlcBufUpswitch
Timer
starts
Time
(s)
Timer
expires
downswitchTimerThreshold
downswitchThreshold
downswitchTimer
downswitchTimer stops
No downswitch
downswitchTimer starts
Time
(s)
Downswitch request
issued
Cell A
Downswitch
coverageTime
r
- 75 -
dlDownswitchBandwidthMargin
dlThroughputDownswitchTime
Downswith request
executed
- 76 -
Radio planning
optimization
- 77 -
Antenna height
Antenna azimuth
- 78 -
Antenna tilt
Antenna tilt
- 79 -
Sectorisation
Sectorisation can
increase the capacity
if correct beamwidth
antennas are selected
and SHO properly
controlled
Served
users
Soft
handover
overhead
UL coverage
probability
(outdoor to
indoor)
For 8/64/144
kbps
OMNI CASE
Omni
0.79
1200
900
650
1.33
1.19
0.88
1200
900
650
330
1.72
1.49
1.09
0.92
240
28%
70/32/40%
39%
35%
34%
85/50/59%
87/55/62%
86/59/62%
54%
51%
41%
40%
90/62/68%
92/67/72%
92/70/71%
88/65/64%
2.18
1.97
1.43
1.15
593
627
758
880
64%
59%
55%
48%
95/75/79%
96/80/82%
96/80/81%
93/76/76%
Served
users in
DL
UL coverage
probability
(outdoor to
indoor) for
8/64/144 hbps
Other to
Served
own cell
users in
interference
UL
ratio, I
0.60
0.61
1038
1064
807
746
93/78/78%
95/82/82%
0.73
0.73
1089
1107
884
846
96/86/85%
98/89/89%
- 80 -
0.88
0.90
1124
1132
1052
1021
97/87/86%
98/90/90%
0.88
1109
1057
95/83/82%
0.90
1132
1016
98/90/90%
- 81 -
Transmission powers
Transmission powers
Allocated power
43 dBm
CPICH
Max power-10dB
PCH
SCH
FACH
Max power-12-13dB
BCH
- 82 -
Transmission powers
Allocated power
P-SCH
0,331W
S-SCH
0,224W
PICH
0,1W
AICH
0,126W
P-CCPCH
0,245W
S-CCPCH
1,165W
CPICH
1W
31%
5%
3,191W
100%
16%
- 83 -
Carrier addition
Dense
Urban
350m
92%
41%
DL Capacity gain
Urban
Suburban
550m
1700m
87%
37%
77%
27%
Rural
7km
60%
15%
Pilot pollution
Pilot pollution
Pilot pollution
- 85 -
SHO optimisation
SHO optimisation
- 87 -
SHO optimisation
Summary KPI
Indicator
Coverage
Interference
Cell overlap
Qualitative
KPI
KPI target example
Measured RSCP > -88 dBm over 97% of area
(value should be adapted based
on required margins)
Measured Ec/No > -9 dB over 95% of area
Cell overlay
< 3 cells over 95% of area
Cell Overshoot
No cell detected above -111
dBm (CPICH RSCP)
Integrity of cell
No cell fragmentation detected
coverage
Best server plot Clean boundary without unnecessary change of best server
- 88 -
Quality of Service
- 89 -
QoS offered by
Provider
QoS experienced
By Users
QoS achieved by
User
- 90 -
Competition
Trends
Network
performance
Non-technical QoS
Terminal
performance
Sales points
- 91 -
Customer
care
Example application
Conversation class
Streaming class
Interactive class
Web surfing
Background class
Properties
Conversation class
Streaming class
Interactive class
Background class
- 92 -
Explanation
Maximum
throughput (kb/s)
Scheduling
Max. SDU size
(octers)
Corrupted SDU
delivery
Residual BER
5* 10-2, 10-2,
5* 10-3, 10-4,
10-6
SDU error rate
10-2, 7*10-3,
10-3
10-4, 10-5
Transfer delay
100 maximum
(ms)
value
Background
<2048
Yes/No
<_ 1500 or 1502
Yes/No
5* 10-2, 10-2, 4* 10-3, 10- 4* 10-3, 105,
5,
5* 10-3, 10-3,
10-4, 10-5, 10-6 6* 10-8
6* 10-8
10-1, 10-2,
10-3, 10-4, 10-3, 10-4,
7* 10-3, 10-3,
10-6
10-6
10-4, 10-5
250 maximum
value
- 93 -
QoS Negotiation
UTRA
(NB, RNC)
UE
CN
QoS negotiation
RAB assignment response
QoS in UMTS
In early UMTS Release 99 all conversational and streaming
class traffic were offered over the CS bearer
Voice
RT multimedia (e.g. videotelephony)
In early Release 99 only
Interactive and background class
traffic utilisises the PS bearer
Release 4 capable networks
introduce some streaming class
traffic on PS bearer as well
Release 5 brings along a full
portofolio of PS bearers also
utilised for conversation traffic
- 94 -
QoS in UMTS
Parameters
Interactive Class
128 kbps
SF=16
1500
Residual BER
10 -6
Transfers Delay
NA
Interleaver=40 or 80 msec
64 kbps
SF=16
Delivery order
yes
1%
Delivery of errorneous
NO
QoS in UMTS
Operators can define the wanted QoS profile (in HLR) per
subscriber
Users can be categorised (QoS differentiation) for various
tariffing schemes
Traffic handling priorities can be set (THP)
Business
Remote office Basic free time
Traffic class
All four allowed All four allowed Only
converational
(voice calls) and
background
Max bit rate
400 kbps
800 kbps
64 kbps
Guaranteed bit 384 kbps
64 kbps
12 kbps
rate
Allowed THPs THP 1 (e.g. for THP 2 (e.g. for THP 3
e-mail
file tranfer)
download)
- 95 -
QoS in UMTS
- 96 -
Measurement and
statistics collection
- 97 -
Generic
Measurement
tools
OMC
counters
Specific
System
Measurements
Passive
capture tools
Calls
generators
A. Field measurements
Drive test equipment
measures
and
softwares
GPS
Controler
Energy
Processing
- 98 -
External antennas
- 99 -
- 100 -
QVOICE
QVS
PSTN /
ISDN
Cellular
Network
QVP-Server
Data collection
Post processing
QVP-Client
3 parts: QVM (QV Mobile), QVS (QV Stationary) et QVP (QV Post
processing).
B. System measurements
OMC measurements
Specific
Alcatel: RNO
Siemens: SPOTS
Ericsson: TEMS
Analyser
Generic
APIC from Metrica
MyCom from MYCom
AirCom
NetAct SQM: Nokia
OVPI: HP (for IP equipments)
- 101 -
BiVision
ADC/Metrica,
NetAct (Nokia, for 3G)
UTRAN Network and service
Analyzer (Tektronix)
Actix
- 102 -
GIS display
- 103 -
K PI
- 104 -
Optimization process
Performance
measurements
Update of
parameters, site
configuration
Key Performance
Indicators (KPI)
Network
tuning
Performance
analysis
Network statistics
KPI definition
KPI Example
- 106 -
Accessibility
- 107 -
RAB Assignment
Accessibility workflow
Alarms
Cell Availability
Counters
Performance
Analysis
Idle mode
RRC Connection
Random Access
NAS
RAB Assignment
Recommendation
&
Implementation
Verification of
changes
Other Modules
Performance
Measurements
pmTotNoRrcConnectCsSucc
pmTotNoRrcConnectPsSucc
pmNoRabEstablishAttempt<RAB>
pmNoRabEstablishSuccess<RAB>
pmNoPageDiscardCmpLoadC
pmNoPagingAttemptUtranRejected
100
- 108 -
100x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCsSucc
x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs
pmTotNoRabEstablishSuccessSpeech
pmmTotNoRabEstablishAttemptSpeech
Circuit-Switched 64
100x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCsSucc
x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs
pmTotNoRabEstablishSuccessCS64
pmmTotNoRabEstablishAttemptCS64
Circuit-Switched 57
100x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCsSucc
x
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs
pmTotNoRabEstablishSuccessCS57
pmmTotNoRabEstablishAttemptCS57
100 x (Y) x
pmTotNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketStream + pmRabEstablishSuccessPacketStream128
pmTotNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketStream + pmRabEstablishAttemptPacketStream128
Where Y =
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqPsSuccess
PmTotNoRrcConnectReqPs
Packet-Switched Data
Interactive
pmTotNoRabEstablishSuccessInteractive
100 x (Y) x pmTotNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractive + HS1_HardHO_Flow
Where
Yx
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqPsSuccess
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqPs
HS1_HardHO_Flow=
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt pmNoHsHardHoReturnOidSource
-pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt - pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget
- 109 -
NPAAG1RESUCC + NPAG2RESUCC
NPAG1GLTOT + NPAG1LOTOT
pmNoPreambleFalseDetection or
pmNoPreambleFalseDetection x100%
pmPositiveMessages
- 110 -
x100%
pmTransmittedCarrierPoweri x
i
2
=0
102
pmTransmittedCarrierPoweri
=0
=0
62
pmAverageRssii
=0
pmSumOfSampleAseUI
pmNoOfSampleAseUI
pmSumOfSampleAseDI
- 111 -
pmNoOfSampleAseDI
Code allocation failure for SFn, where n is the spreading factor for
a cell could be found in the following formula (as an example the
SF 128 was used):
pmNoDIChCodeAllocFailureSF128
pmNoDIChCodeAllocAttemptSF128
x100%
pmSumCompMode
pmSampesCompMode
pmNoOfReturingRrcConn
pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
pmNoDirRetrySuccess
pmNoDirectionRetryAtt
- 112 -
x100%
Retainability
- 113 -
Recommendation
&
Implementation
pmSystemRabRelease<RAB>
pmNormalRabRelease<RAB>
pmNoSysRelSpeechULSynch
pmNoOfTermSpeechCong
pmNoSysRelSpeechSoHo
Verification of
changes
Other Modules
Performance
Measurements
ReleaseConnOffset
maxTxPowerUl,SirMax,
MinPwrRl, treselection,
timetotrigger1,
reportingrange1
UL out of Synch
Congestion control,
SHO functions
IFHO functions
IRAT Handovers
100x
pmNoSystemRab ReleaseSpeech
(pmNoNormalrAB ReleaseSpeech + pmNoSystemRab ReleaseSpeech)
Circuit-switched 64
100x
pmNoSystemRabReleaseCs64
(pmNoNormalRab ReleaseCs64 + pmNoSystemRab ReleaseCs64)
Circuit-switched
Streaming
100x
pmNoSystemRabReleaseCsStream
(pmNoNormalrRab ReleaseCsStream + pmNoSystemRab ReleaseCsStream)
pmNoSystemRabReleasePacketStream + pmNoSystemRabReleasePacketStream128
(pmNoNormalRabReleasePacketStream + pmNoSystemRabReleasePacketStream + pmNosystemRabReleasePacketStream128)
pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket
(pmNoNormalRabReleasePacket + pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket)
- 114 -
Sp_U_User
100x
pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech
x number of minutes
Circuit-switched 64
Cs64_U_User
100x
pmNoSystemRabReleaseCs64
Circuit-switched
Streaming
100x
x number of minutes
Cs57_U_User
x number of minutes
pmNoSystemRabReleaseCsStream
100
Pstr_P8_U_User
pmNoSyatemRab ReleasePacketStream + pmNoSystemRab ReleasePacketStream128
x No of minutes
Plntdch_U_User+PlntHs_U_User+PlntFach_U_User
pmNoSystemRab ReleasePacket
x No of minutes
Packet Switched
data Interactive HS
100
PlntHs_U_User
pmNoSystemRab ReleaseHs
x No of minutes
pmNoTimesCellFailAddToActSet
(pmNoTimesCellFailAddToAct + pmNoTimesRlAddToActSet
- 115 -
100x
pmHsCcSuccess
pmHsCcAttempt
(pmNoSysRelSpeechULSynch)
(pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech + pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech)
pmNoSysRelSpeechSoHo
(pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech + pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech)
pmNoSysRelSpeechNeighbr
(pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech + pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech)
- 116 -
Drop due to IHO failure for speech: Outgoing IFHO failure when
UE failed to return to present active set.
100x
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertCsSpeech12
pmAttNonBlindInterFreqHoCsSpeech12
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertPsInteractiveLess64
pmAttNonBlindInterFreqHoPsInteractiveLess64
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertPsInteractiveGreater64
pmAttNonBlindInterFreqHoPsInteractiveGreater64
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertStreamingOther
pmAttNonBlindInterFreqHoStreamingOther
- 117 -
IRAT handover
pmNoSuccessOutIratHoSpeech
pmNoAttOutIratHoSpeech
pmNoSuccessOutIratHoCs57
pmNoAttOutIratHoCs57
IRAT handover
pmNoSuccessOutIratHoMulti
pmNoAttOutIratHoMulti
pmNoOutIratCcReturnOldCh
pmNoOutIratCcAtt
Congestion
100x
(pmNoOfTermSpeechCong)
(pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech + pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech)
(pmNoOfTermSpeechCong)
(pmNoNormalRabReleaseCs64 + pmNoSystemRabReleaseCs64)
- 118 -
Integrity
- 119 -
Performance
Analysis
BLER counters
and Down
Switching counters
Verification of
changes
Recommendation
&
Implementation
BLER, power,
SIR parameters
Check statistics
If not OK, roll back
Throughput
pmFaultyTransportBlocksBcUl
pmTransportBlocksBcUl
pmNoOfSwDownNgCong
PmNoOfSwDownNgAdm
PmDl Traffic volume counters
BLER
pmFaultyTranspoertBlocksBcUL
pmTransportBlocksBcUI
Throughput
pmDlTrafficVolume<RAB>
pmSum<RAB>RabEstablish
pmSamples<RAB>RabEstablish
*ROPsec
- 120 -
Payload counters
Radio
UL Payload counter
DL Payload counter
Connection
type
Speech
pmUITrafficVolumeCs12
pmUITrafficVolumeCs12
PS64/64
pmUITrafficVolumePs64
pmUITrafficVolumePs64
PS64/128
pmUITrafficVolumePs128
pmUITrafficVolumePs128
PS64/384
pmUITrafficVolumePs384
pmUITrafficVolumePs384
CS 57.6
pmUITrafficVolumeCs57
pmUITrafficVolumeCs57
(streaming)
CS 64 (UDI)
pmUITrafficVolumeCs57
pmUITrafficVolumeCs57
Speech/PS pmUITrafficVolumeCs12Ps64 pmUITrafficVolumeCs12Ps64
64 multirab
PS
pmUITrafficVolumePsCommon pmUITrafficVolumePsCommon
Common
- 121 -
HSDPA-HSUPA
- 122 -
High Code
Effective Rate
Good coverage
Bad coverage
AMC could improve radio bandwidth and fit for high speed radio transmission.
DCH Code
HSPA Maximum
For R99 and HSPA access and traffic channel
Code
Power resource
- 123 -
HSPA Minimum
Code
UE3
Mobility management
- 124 -
Bode B
RNC
Bode B
UTRAN decides to stop HSDPA but keep DCH for the UE due to:
High UE mobility
RNC
- 125 -
Cell 1
Cell 2
Hysteresis
Time-to-
Cell change
HS-DSCH on Cell 1
HS-DSCH on
Time
- 126 -
CQI
CDI
9>CQI
15>CQI 9
CQI 15
User experience
Poor
Fair
Good
Equipment Ec/Io
-15dB
-15 dB - -9dB
- 127 -
-9dB
Performance Optimization
Procedure
KPI Collection
DT/CQT/Statistics
Performance optimization
Problem Analyze
Code congestion
Power overload
HSPA subscriber
number overload
lub bandwidth
congestion
Unsupported
configuration by UE
- 128 -
DATA
DATA
DATA
Check
point
CQI
The air
environment
condition
DATA
RNC
CQI
CQI
The data
should be
delivered
GSN
Process
ability
CQI
The web sever
performance.
SGSN/GGSN
App Sever
- 129 -
Firewall
- 130 -