Professional Documents
Culture Documents
103
104
106
S quay xung quanh trc ngang - S quay xung quanh mt trc song song vi
trc ngang ca cu.
Khe co gin c bt li - Khe co gin c cung cp vi mi bt khe co gin.
Gi trt - Gi to ra s chuyn ng bng s chuyn v ca mt b mt tng
i vi b mt khc.
Gi Cht do c tng cng thp - Gi lm t cc tm thp cn mng v cht do
xen k c dnh kt vi nhau qua lu ha. Cc ti trng thng ng c chu bi s
nn ca tm cht do. Cc chuyn ng song song vi cc lp thp tng cng v cc
s quay c to nn bi s bin dng ca cht do.
S tnh tin - S chuyn ng nm ngang ca cu theo phng dc hoc phng ngang.
Phng ngang - Phng nm ngang trc giao vi trc dc ca cu.
Khe co gin khng thm nc - Khe co gin kn hoc h c cung cp theo dng
lng mng no bn di khe co gin cha v dn lng nc tho ra ca mt
cu khi kt cu.
14.3. k hiu
A
Dd
Dp
D1
D2
Ec
Es
Fy
Hs
Hu
hp
hr
hri
hrt
hs
Mu
s cc lp cao su (14.7.5.3.5)
PD
Pr
Ps
Pu
tw
FTH =
s, x =
108
s, z =
h s ma st (14.6.3.1)
SS
h s sc khng (14.6.1)
110
Mt trn
Mt di
Mt trn
Mt di
Quay(RAD)
Trng thi
gii hn
s dng
Khng o
chiu
o chiu
Trng thi
gii hn
cng
Khng o
chiu
o chiu
Trng thi
gii hn
s dng
Khng o
chiu
o chiu
Mt trn
Kch thc ln nht
ca gi (mm)
Mt di
S dng
Cng
S dng
Cng
Thng Ln nht
ng
Cho php
Nh nht
Ngang
Dc
Thng ng
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Thng ng
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
112
14.4.2. Cc yu cu thit k
Cc chuyn v nhit ti thiu phi c tnh t cc nhit cc tr quy nh
trong iu 3.12.2 v nhit d tnh khi lp t. Cc ti trng thit k phi
c cn c trn cc t hp ti trng v cc h s ti trng quy nh trong Phn 3.
Gc quay s dng ti a cha nhn h s do tng ti trng s i vi cc gi nh
gi bng tm cao su hoc gi cao su c tng cng thp tc l gi khng t c
tip xc cng gia cc cu kin thp phi ly bng tng ca:
14.5.1.2. Thit k kt cu
cc khe co gin v cc tr ca chng phi c thit k chu c cc hiu
ng lc tnh ton trn phm vi tnh ton ca cc chuyn ng theo quy nh
trong Phn 3. Cc h s sc khng v cc iu chnh phi ly theo quy nh
trong cc Phn 1, 5 v 6.
114
Cho v cong;
S tng ca mt ng dn;
Cc hn ch kt cu, v
14.5.1.3. Hnh hc
Cc b mt di chuyn ca khe co gin phi c thit k lm vic phi hp vi
cc gi trnh b gi cc khe co gin v nh hng ngc li ti cc hiu ng lc
t ln cc gi.
14.5.1.4. Vt liu
Cc vt liu phi c tuyn chn bo m rng chng l tng thch v n
hi, nhit v ha. ni c cc s khc bit quan trng, cc mt tip gip vt
liu phi c tnh ton chnh xc cung cp cc h chc nng y .
Cc vt liu, khc vi cht do, cn c tui i s dng khng t hn 100 nm.
Cht do cho cc cht bt khe co gin v cc mng cu nn c tui i s dng
khng t hn 25 nm.
14.5.1.5. Bo dng
Cc khe co gin mt cu phi c thit k lm vic vi s bo dng t nht
trong tui thit k
ca cu.
Cn cu to sao cho c th i n cc khe co gin t pha di mt cu v c
din tch bo dng.
Cc thnh phn c hc v cht do ca khe co gin phi thay th c.
Cc khe co gin phi c thit k thun tin cho s m rng thng ng ri
cc lp thm
lng ng.
14.5.2. S la chn
116
W 64 + 38 1-2 sin2 )
(14.5.3.2-1)
14.5.3.2-2)
trong :
i vi cc kt cu phn trn bng kim loi, chiu rng h ca khe co gin ngang
mt cu v khe h ca b mt lng ng trong khng c nh hn 25 mm
ti chuyn v cc hn tnh ton. i vi cc kt cu phn trn bng b tng, phi
xem xt h ca cc khe co gin do t bin v co ngt c th yu cu cc
h nh nht ban u nh hn 25 mm.
Tr phi c cc tiu chun thch hp hn, khe h ln nht ca b mt ca cc khe
co gin dc ca lng ng b khng c vt qa 25 mm.
chuyn v cc hn tnh ton, h gia cc rng lc k nhau trn mt tm
rng lc khng c vt qa:
14.5.3.3. Bo v
Cc khe co gin mt cu phi c thit k thch ng vi cc tc ng ca
giao thng xe c v thit b bo dng mt ng v s h hi lu di khc do mi
trng gy ra.
Cc khe co gin trong cc mt cu b tng cn c bc st vi cc thp hnh,
thp hn hoc thp c, Bc st nh th phi c t lm vo bn di cc b
mt lng ng.
i vi cc mt ng ca ng dn c khe co gin phi lm cc khe co gin gim
nh p lc v cc neo mt ng. Cc ng dn n cc cu ton khi phi c
cung cp vi cc khe co gin mt ng khng ch theo chu k.
14.5.3.4. Cc tm che
Cc tm che ca khe co gin v cc tm rng lc cn c thit k nh cc b phn
mt tha c kh nng chu cc ti trng bnh xe.
Phi nghin cu s ln chnh lch gia hai bn ca tm che ca khe co gin. Nu
s ln chnh lch khng th gim n mc c th chp nhn c, hoc c
lm cho ph hp trong thit k v cu to cc tm bc cu v cc b phn
ca chng, th cn s dng mt khe co gin thch hp hn.
Khng s dng cc tm che cc gi cht do hoc cc gi treo tr phi chng c thit k nh l cc b phn mt tha v cc ti liu hp ng yu cu lp t
chng ngn nga s kt ca cc khe co gin do s chuyn ng thng
ng v nm ngang cc gi.
14.5.3.5. Bc thp
Chi tit mp bc thp ca khe co gin c chn vo cc lp b tng gc cn c
khot cc l thng hi thng ng ng knh ti thiu 20 mm t cch tim
n tim khng ln hn 460 mm.
Cc b mt kim loi rng hn 300 mm chu giao thng xe c phi c x l
chng trt.
14.5.3.6. Cc neo
Cn lm cc neo ca tm st bc hoc cc neo chng ct bo m tp
tnh lin hp gia b tng gc v phn kim kh ca khe co gin, v ngn nga
118
14.5.3.7. Cc bulng
Cc bulng neo cho cc tm che, cho cc mi bt khe co gin v cc neo ca khe
co gin, phi l cc bulng cng cao chu xon hon ton. Phi trnh xen vo
cc lp gc khng phi kim loi trong cc lin kt bulng cng cao. Cc neo
ti ch phi c dng trong b tng mi. Trong cng trnh mi khng s dng
cc neo gin n, cc bulng neo bt vo l khot loe ming v cc neo c trm
va.
14.5.4. Ch to
Cc thp hnh v thp bn phi dy lm cng b phn lp rp v gim
s cong vnh do hn.
bo m s va khp thch hp v chc nng, cc ti liu hp ng cn yu
cu:
14.5.5. Lp t
14.5.5.1. S iu chnh
Nu thiu cc thng tin chnh xc hn, nhit lp t phi ly theo nhit
trung bnh ca khng kh trong bng rm di cu 48 gi trc khi lp
t khe co gin trong cc cu btng v 24 gi trc khi lp t khe co gin
i vi cc cu m cc b phn chnh c lm bng thp.
i vi cc cu di, cho php c dung sai v chiu rng ca khe co gin quy nh
xt n s khng chnh xc vn c trong vic xc lp cc nhit lp
t v cc chuyn v ca kt cu phn trn c th xy ra trong thi gian gia
vic b tr chiu rng ca khe co gin v vic hon thnh s lp t khe co
gin. Trong thit k cc khe co gin cho cc cu di, cn u tin dng cc thit b,
cc chi tit v cc phng php no cho php iu chnh v hon thnh khe co
gin trong thi gian ngn nht c th c.
Cc lin kt ca cc chi tit khe co gin vo cc b phn chnh cn cho php
cc hiu chnh nm ngang, thng ng v quay.
Cc mi ni thi cng v cc khi ch to sn cn c s dng ni no thc
hin c cho php lp vt liu p v lp cc thnh phn chnh ca cu
trc khi t v hiu chnh khe co gin.
120
Cc mi ni hin trng c cung cp cho vic thi cng phn giai on phi c
t c lu ti cc khe co gin thi cng khc cung cp ch lm cc lin
kt ca mi ni .
Cc ti liu hp ng cn yu cu l cc cht trm bt vnh cu ch c t
sau khi vic lp t khe co gin hon tt. ni no thc hin c th ch
cc cht trm bt l c s dng t vo mt n v lin tc. ni no
khng th trnh phi ni ghp hin trng, th cc mi ni cn c
lu ha.
Cc mng c ch to sn,
122
c neo kt c hc, v
Bn lu, bng neopren nguyn cht hoc cao su t nhin v c tng cng vi cc l thp cn mng hoc tm vi dt.
c lu ha,
14.5.6.5. Cc mi bt kn c rt vt liu bt vo
Tr phi cc s liu chng minh cho mt chiu rng nh hn ca khe co gin,
chiu rng ca khe co gin cho cc mi bit rt vo cn t nht bng 6,0 ln
chuyn v tnh ton d kin ca khe co gin.
Lin kt vt liu bt kn vo cc vt liu kim loi v xy cn c chng minh
bng cc phng php th nghim c chp nhn.
14.5.6.7. Cc mi bt kn bng tm v di
Trong vic chn la v p dng cc mi bt kn bng tm hoc di, cn xem xt:
14.5.6.8. Cc mi bt kn kiu tm vn
Ch nn s dng mi bt kn kiu tm vn mt cch hn hu trn cc cu trn ng th yu cho xe ti nh v cho cc mi ni khng cho hoc cho t.
Cn xem xt:
Cc mi bt kn vi cc mi ni c lu ha, v
124
14.6. Cc yu cu i vi cc gi cu
14.6.1. Tng qut
Cc gi cu c th l c nh hoc di ng theo yu cu v thit k cu. Cc
gi di ng c th bao gm cc thanh dn khng ch phng tnh tin. Cc
gi c nh v c dn hng phi c thit k chu tt c cc ti trng v
kim ch s tnh tin khng mong mun.
Tr phi c ch gii khc, h s sc khng cho cc gi, , phi ly bng 1,0.
Cc gi chu lc nh tnh bt k trng thi gii hn no phi c bo m
bng ging xung hoc neo xung.
ln v phng ca cc chuyn v v cc ti trng s dng trong thit k gi
phi c xc nh r rng trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Cc s phi hp ca cc kiu gi c nh hoc di ng khc nhau khng nn s
dng cng khe co gin hoc ch cong, hoc tr cu, tr khi trong thit k c
xem xt n hiu ng ca cc c tnh quay v un khc nhau trn cc gi
v cu.
Khng nn s dng cc gi quay a nng theo cc quy nh ca phn ny ni
m cc ti trng thng ng nh hn 20% kh nng chu ti thng ng.
Cc gi cu kiu cng v cc thnh phn ca n phi thit k vn n hi
trong ng t tnh ton.
Mi gi cu phi c nh gi v bn ca cu kin v ca lin kt, v n
nh ta.
14.6.2. Cc c tnh
Gi c chn cho ng dng c bit phi c cc kh nng chuyn v v chu ti
trng thch hp. C th s dng Bng 1 v Hnh 1 so snh cc h gi khc
nhau.
Phi
S
U
L
R
Loi gi
Quay xung
Sc khng li
quanh trc cu
ti trng
ch nh
Ngang Dc Ngan ng Dc Ngan ng
g
g
S
S
S
L
L
L
L
S
S
S
L
L
L
L
Chuyn v
Dc
Tm Cht do n gin
Tm c tng cng
bng si thy tinh
Tm c tng cng
bng si bng dy
Gi Cht do c tng cng bng thp
Gi trt phng
Gi hnh cu trt cong
Gi hnh tr trt cong
Gi a
Gi hnh tr kp
Gi chu
Gi u a
Gi con lc
Gi con ln n
Gi nhiu con ln
S
S
U
S
R
R
R
R
R
S
U
S
S
S
R
R
R
R
R
U
U
U
U
U
S
U
S
S
S
U
U
U
U
U
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
U
S
S
U
L
U
L
U
U
U
U
R
R
R
S
R
S
R
S
U
U
R
R
R
R
R
S
R
R
R
U
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
t tr t ma st thp
M
t tr t ma st thp
Gi hnh c u
Gi hnh t r
a cht d o
Pht tng
Gi hp
G i h p
Hp
Tmph bng
cao su
Gi con ln
h
nh qu t
L p cao su
Ct thp
Gi t m c ht d o
126
(14.6.3.1-1)
trong :
Hu
h s ma st
Pu
H u GA u
(14.6.3.1-2)
hrt
trong
G
=
A
=
u
=
hrt =
:
m un ct ca cht do (MPa)
din tch mt bng ca cu kin cht do hoc gi (mm 2)
bin dng ct tnh ton (mm)
tng chiu cao ca cht do (mm)
14.6.3.2. M men
C kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di phi c thit k vi m men tnh ton
ln nht, Mu , do gi truyn n.
i vi cc gi trt cong khng km theo mt trt phng, Mu phi ly nh sau:
Mu
= Pu R
(14.6.3.2-1)
= 2 Pu R
(14.6.3.2-2)
M u 1,6 0,5Ec I
s
hrt
(14.6.3.2-3)
trong :
I
=
mmen qun tnh ca dng mt bng ca gi (mm 4)
Ec
=
mun hu hiu ca gi cht do chu nn (MPa)
s
=
gc quay thit k quy nh trong iu 14.4.2
hrt =
tng chiu dy cc tm cht do (mm)
14.6.4. Ch to, lp t, th nghim v vn chuyn
Phi p dng cc quy nh v ch to, lp t, th nghim v vn chuyn ca
cc gi c quy nh trong Phn 818 , Thit b gi ca Tiu chun Thi Cng.
14.6.5. Cc quy nh v ng t i vi gi
14.6.5.2.
Phm vi p dng
128
Khi la chn v thit k cc gi chng ng t, phi xt n cc c tr ng cng v cng ca c kt cu phn trn v phn di c lin quan.
Phi thit k gi ph hp vi p ng ng t d kin ca ton b h thng
cu.
Nu p dng cc loi gi cng, phi gi thit cc lc ng t t kt cu
phn trn c truyn qua cc vch ngn hay khung ngang v cc lin kt ca
chng vo gi, sau truyn xung kt cu phn di m khng c trit
gim do tc ng phi n hi cc b dc theo ng truyn ti trng .
Cc gi cao su c cng t hn cng ton b theo cc h ng b kim
ch v nu khng c thit k tng minh l gi lm lp cch ly hay gi nng
chy th c th c s dng trong mi hon cnh. Nu s dng chng, phi
thit k ph hp vi cc ti trng ng t.
14.7. cc quy nh thit k ring bit v gi
14.7.1. Cc gi u a v con ln bng kim loi
14.7.1.2. Vt liu
Cc gi u a v con ln phi lm bng thp khng g, theo ASTM A240M nh
quy nh trong
iu 6.4.7, hoc bng thp kt cu theo AASHTO M169
(ASTM A108), M102 (ASTM A 668M) hoc M270M (ASTM A 709M) cp 250, 345
hoc 395 W. Tnh cht vt liu ca cc loi thp ny phi ly theo quy nhn
trong Bng 6.4.1-1 v 6.4.2-1.
14.7.1.3. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Cc kch thc ca gi phi c chn la c tnh n c cc ng sut tip xc v
s chuyn ng ca im tip xc do s ln.
Mi b mt tip xc cong ring phi c mt bn knh khng i. Cc gi vi hn
mt b mt cong phi i xng i vi ng ni cc tm ca hai b mt cong
ca chng.
Nu cc cht trc hoc cc c cu bnh rng c s dng dn hng gi, th
c tnh hnh hc ca chng cn cho php s chuyn v t do ca gi.
Cc gi phi c thit k n nh. Nu gi c hai mt hnh tr ring, mi mt
ln trn mt tm phng, c th t c s n nh bng cch lm khong cch
gia hai ng tip xc khng ln hn tng ca cc bn knh ca hai mt hnh
tr.
i vi cc mt hnh tr:
Ps
8WD1 D 2
D 2 D1
Fy2
E s
(14.7.1.4-1)
i vi cc mt hnh cu:
D1D 2
Ps 40
D 2 D1
Fy3
E s2
(14.7.1.4-2)
trong :
D1
D2
v hn nu mt i tip l phng.
FY
Es
130
14.7.2.1. Mt PTFE
Mt PTFE phi c lm t cht nha PTFE tinh khit v nguyn cht tho mn
cc yu cu ca ASTM D1457 hay tiu chun Vit Nam tng ng. N phi
c ch to thnh cc tm khng lp, tm lp y, hay c dt thnh vi t
cc si PTFE hay cc si khc.
Phi lm cc tm khng lp t nha PTFE nguyn cht. Cc tm lp y phi
c lm bng nha PTFE c trn u vi cc si thu tinh, si ccbon hay vt
liu n tr v ho tnh khc. Hm lng vt liu n khng c vt qu 15%
i vi si thu tinh v 25% i vi si cc bon.
Tm PTFE c th lm cc lm lm c tc dng nh ch ng cht bi trn.
Tm PTFE khng bi trn cng c th lm cc lm lm. ng knh lm lm
khng c vt qu 8 mm trn b mt PTFE v chiu su lm lm khng c
nh hn 2mm v khng ln hn mt na chiu dy tm PTFE. Phi phn b
u cc lm lm ny trn ton b b mt ca tm v phi ph trn 20% nhng t hn 30% b mt tip xc. Khng c t cc lm lm giao vi cc
mp cnh ca mt tip xc. Cht bi trn phi l m Silicone tho mn tiu
chun quc phng M MIL-S-8660 hay ASTM tng ng.
Si dt PTFE phi c lm t cc si PTFE nguyn cht. Tm si t PTFE c ct gia
cng phi c lm bng cc si cng cao nh si thy tinh dt xen k vi si
PTFE sao cho khng l ra cc si gia cng trn mt trt ca tm dt hon
thin.
14.7.2.2. Mt i tip
Phi s dng kt hp PTFE vi mt i tip. Cc mt i tip phng phi l
thp khng g v cc mt i tip cong phi lm bng thp khng g hoc
nhm x l ant. Mt phng phi l thp khng g loi 304, theo ASTM A167/
A264 hoc loi tng ng ca Vit Nam, v phi x l mt bng 0,20 m RMS
hoc tt hn. bng trn b mt cong bng kim loi khng c qu 0,40 m
RMS . Mt i tip phi rng lun lun ph ln PTFE.
14.7.2.4. p lc tip xc
Phi xc nh ng sut gia PTFE v mt i tip trng thi gii hn cng
i vi din tch danh nh.
Phi tnh ng sut tip xc trung bnh bng cch chia ti trng cho hnh
chiu ca din tch tip xc ln trn mt phng vung gc vi hng tc dng
ca ti trng. Phi xc nh ng sut tip xc mp cnh bng cch xt
n momen ti a do gi truyn vo vi gi thit s phn b ng sut l
tuyn tnh ln mt PTFE.
Cc ng sut khng c vt qu cc tr s cho trong Bng 1. Cc ng sut cho
php i vi cc cht n nm xen k gia phi c tnh theo cch ni suy
tuyn tnh trong Bng 1.
Ti trng
thng
xuyn
Tt c
cc ti
trng
PTFE khng b hn
ch:
Cc tm khng lp
kn
Cc tm lp kn vi
hm lng vt liu
n ln nht
PTFE tm b hn ch
14
20
28
40
30
40
30
40
35
50
Si PTFE dt trn lp
nn bng kim loi
PTFE dt tng cng
trn lp nn bng kim
loi
ng sut tip xc
mp
Ti trng
thng
xuyn
Tt c cc
ti trng
18
25
35
55
35
55
35
55
40
65
132
14.7.2.5. H s ma st
H s ma st trng thi gii hn s dng ca mt trt PTFE phi ly theo quy
nh trong Bng 1. Cc gi tr trung gian c th c xc nh bng ni suy. H
s ma st phi c xc nh bng s dng cp ng sut kt hp vi t hp ti
trng c th p dng c quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1. Cc gi tr nh hn c
th c s dng nu c kim tra bng cc th nghim.
Khi ma st c k n chu ti trng khng phi ti trng ng t, h s
ma st thit k di ti trng ng c th ly khng qu 10% ca gi tr lit k
trong Bng 1 cho ng sut ta v loi PTFE ch nh.
Cc h s ma st trong Bng 1 da trn mt i tip c bng 0,20 m RMS.
Cc h s ma st vi cc mt gia cng th hn phi xc lp bng cc kt qu th
nghim theo ng Tiu chun Thi cng AASHTO, Phn 18.1.5.2.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi yu cu chng nhn th nghim t l sn xut PTFE
bo m rng ma st thc t t c trong gi l ph hp vi vic thit k
gi.
H s ma st
7
14
> 20
0,04
0,03
0,025
0,02
Khng c lp kn hoc c lm
lm khng c bi trn
0,08
0,07
0,05
0,03
c lp kn
0,24
0,17
0,09
0,06
Vi dt
0,08
0,07
0,06
0,045
p sut (MPa)
Loi PTFE
C lm lm c bi trn
14.7.2.6. S gn kt
14.7.2.6.1. Ptfe
PTFE tm b kim ch trong mt hc lm trong mt tm y bng kim loi
cng, khong na chiu dy ca n c th c gn kt vo hoc khng gn
kt vo tm y.
PTFE tm khng b kim ch phi c gn kt vo mt kim loi hoc lp cht
do vi cng Shore A t nht l 90, bng mt phng php c chp nhn.
PTFE dt trn lp nn kim li phi c gn nh vo lp nn kim loi bng s
gn cht c hc c th chu c lc ct khng nh hn 0,10 ln lc nn t
ln.
14.7.2.6.2 Mt i tip
Mt i tip i vi cc mt trt phng phi c gn dnh vo tm y bng
hn, theo cch nh vy, th n vn cn phng v tip xc hon ton vi tm y
ca n trong sut i s dng ca n. Mi hn phi c cu to to thnh
mt mi hn kn chng m tt xung quanh ton b chu vi ca mt i tip
ngn nga s n mn ca b mt chung. S gn kt phi c kh nng chu lc
ma st ln nht c th do gi pht trin di cc t hp ti trng trng thi gii hn
s dng. Cc mi hn s dng cho vic gn kt phi lm sch khu vc tip xc
v trt ca mt PTFE.
14.7.3. Gi c cc mt trt cong
134
14.7.3.2. Sc khng p mt
Bn knh ca mt cong phi rng m bo cho ng sut p mt
trung bnh ti a SS trn mt chiu nm ngang ca gi, trng thi gii hn
cng , phi tho mn ng sut trung bnh c quy nh trong iu
14.7.2.4 v 14.7.7.3.
Sc khng tnh ton phi c ly nh sau:
i vi cc gi hnh tr:
pr = DWSS
(14.7.3.2-1)
i vi cc gi hnh cu:
Pr =
D 2 SS
4
(14.7.3.2-2)
trong :
pr
SS
(14.7.3.3-1)
(14.7.3.3-2)
trong :
Hu
P
D
tan1
v:
(14.7.3.3-3)
2R
Sin1
trong :
Hu
PD
SS
14.7.4. Cc gi chu
14.7.4.2. Vt liu
a cht do phi c lm t mt hp cht cn c trn cao su thin nhin nguyn
cht hoc neopren nguyn cht ph hp AASHTO M251 (ASTM D4014). cng
danh nh phi nm gia 50 v 60 trn thang Shore A.
Chu v pittng phi c lm bng thp kt cu ph hp vi AASHTO M270M
(ASTM A 709M), cc cp 250, 345 hoc 345 W, hoc bng thp khng g ph hp
vi ASTM A240M. bng ca cc mt tip xc vi m cht do khng c nhn
hn 1,5 m. Cng chy do v cng ca pittng khng c vt qu cc ch
s ca chu.
Cc vng bt kn bng ng thau tho mn cc iu 14.7.4.5.2 v 14.7.4.5.3 phi
ph hp vi ASTM B36M (na cng) i vi cc vng c mt ct ngang hnh ch
136
14.7.4.3. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Chiu cao ca a cht do, hr, phi tha mn:
hr 3,33D p u
(14.7.4.3.-1)
trong :
Dp
S tip xc hoc s gn kt gia cc thnh phn kim loi khng ngn nga
thm chuyn v hoc s quay.
14.7.4.4. a cht do
ng sut trung bnh trn cht do trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qa
25 MPa. quay d dng, cc mt trn v di ca cht do phi c x l vi cht
bi trn khng c hi cho cht do. C th dng cc a PTFE mng t trn
mt trn v mt di ca cht do.
14.7.4.5. Cc vng bt
14.7.4.5.1. Tng qut
Phi s dng vng bt gia chu v pittng. trng thi gii hn s dng, cc
vng bt phi thch hp ngn nga s bt ra ca cht do d i ti trng nn v
tc ng ng thi ca cc s quay theo chu k. trng thi gii hn cng , cc
vng bt cng phi thch hp ngn nga s bt ra ca cht do di ti trng
nn v tc ng ng thi ca s quay tnh.
Cc vng ng thau tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 14.7.4.5.2 hoc iu
14.7.4.5.3 c th c s dng m khng c th nghim tha mn cc yu cu
trn. Ngi k s c th chp nhn cc h thng bt kn khc trn c s c chng
minh bng th nghim.
14.7.4.5.2. Cc vng c cc mt ct ngang hnh ch nht
Phi s dng ba vng hnh ch nht. Mi vng phi l trn trong mt phng,
nhng phi b ct mt im trn chu vi ca n. Cc mt ca ch ct phi
trn mt mt phng to thnh 45o vi ng thng ng v vi tip tuyn ca
14.7.4.6. Chu gi
Chu gi phi bao gm t nht mt vch v y. Tt c cc cu kin ca chu
phi c thit k thc hin vai tr ca mt n v kt cu n.
Chiu dy ti thiu ca bn di gi ta trc tip ln btng hay va phi tho
mn:
tbase
1)
0,06 Dp
tbase
2)
19 mm
(14.7.4.6(14.7.4.6-
tbase 0.04 Dp v
3)
tbase 12,5 mm
(14.7.4.6(14.7.4.6-4)
138
Thay cho vic phn tch chnh xc hn, sc khng p ta tnh ton ca mt
vch ca gi hnh chu di ng trt khng c dn hng c th ly theo:
Pr = 2 Fy tw hp
(14.7.4.6-5)
tw 20 mm
(14.7.4.6-6)
trong :
y:
Pr
tw
Fy
hp
14.7.4.7. Pittng
Pittng phi c cng dng mt nh bn trong ca chu. Chiu dy ca n phi
thch hp chu cc ti trng t ln n, nhng khng c nh hn 6,0% ca
ng knh trong ca chu, Dp, tr vnh.
Chu vi ca pittng phi c mt vnh tip xc qua cc ti trng nm ngang c
th c truyn ti. Trong cc chu hnh trn, b mt ca n c th l hoc
hnh tr hoc hnh cu. Thn ca pittng trn vnh phi c lm git vo
hoc vut thon ngn nga b kt. Chiu cao, w, ca vnh pittng phi ln
truyn cc lc nm ngang tnh ton gia chu v pittng.
Cc gi chu chu cc ti trng ngang phi c tnh ton sao cho tho mn:
tw
40HS S
Fy
(14.7..4.7-1)
2,5HS
D pFy
(14.7.4.7-2)
w 3,2 mm
(14.7.4.7-3)
trong :
HS
Fy
140
Dp
tW
c u w
(14.7.4.7-4)
trong :
Dp
LW
2hri (L W)
(14.7.5.1-1)
trong :
L
hri
D
4hri
(14.7.5.1-2)
trong :
D
M un ct @ 23 C
un do t bin @ 25 nm
chia cho un tc thi
50
60
70
0,66 - 0,90
0,90 - 1,38
1,38 - 2,07
0,25
0,35
0,45
14.7.5.3. Cc yu cu thit k
14.7.5.3.1. Phm vi
Cc gi thit k theo cc quy nh y phi c kim tra theo cc yu cu
i vi cc gi cht do c tng cng thp theo quy nh trong Phn 818 ca
Tiu chun Thi cng.
14.7.5.3.2. ng sut nn
Trong bt k lp gi cht do no, ng sut nn trung bnh trng thi gii hn s
dng phi tha mn:
(14.7.5.3.2-1)
L 0,66 GS
142
(14.7.5.3.2-2)
(14.7.5.3.2-3)
L 1,00 GS
(14.7.5.3.2-4)
m un ct ca cht do (MPa)
14.7.5.3.3. ln do nn
Cc ln ca gi cht do do tng ti trng v ring hot ti phi c xem xt
ring bit.
ln tc thi phi ly nh sau:
= i hri
(14.7.5.3.3-1)
trong :
i
hri
u tin.
(14.7.5.3.4-1)
trong :
hrt
14.7.5.3.5. Nn v quay kt hp
Cc quy nh ca Phn ny phi p dng trng thi gii hn s dng. Cc s
quay phi c ly theo tng ln nht ca cc tc ng ca s thiu song song
144
> 1,0 G S S
n
hri
(14.7.5.3.5-1)
n hri
(14.7.5.3.5-2)
S < 2,25 G S 1 0,167 s
hri
(14.7.5.3.5-3)
trong :
n
hri
S 0,75G S
hri
(14.7.5.3.5-4)
S
S 2,5G S 1- 0,15
hri
(14.7.5.3.5-5)
S 3,0G S 1- 0,167 S
trong :
hri
(14.7.5.3.5-6)
ng knh ca tm gi (mm)
14.7.5.3.6. n nh ca cc gi cht do
Cc gi phi c nghin cu v mt n nh cc t hp ti trng ca trng
thi gii hn s dng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1.
Cc gi tha mn Phng trnh 1 phi c xem l n nh, v khng cn nghin
cu thm v
n nh.
2A B
(14.7.5.3.6-1)
h
1,92 rt
L
A
2,0L
S 1
W
(14.7.5.3.6-2)
vi:
2,67
L
S S 2,0 1
4,0W
(14.7.5.3.6-3)
trong :
G
trong :
i vi gi hnh ch nht ni m L ln hn W, phi nghin cu s n nh bng
i ch L v W trong cc Phng trnh 2 v 3.
i vi cc gi trn, c th nghin cu s n nh bng s dng cc phng
trnh cho gi vung vi W = L = 0,8D.
i vi cc gi ch nht, ng sut nn s dng trung bnh do tng ti trng s
phi c tho mn:
G
2A B
(14.7.5.3.6-4)
146
G
AB
(14.7.5.3.6-5)
hS
3hmax s
Fy
1,6 mm
(14.7.5.3.7-1)
hS
2.0hmax L
FTH
1,6 mm
(14.7.5.3.7-2)
trong :
FTH
hmax
Fy
148
14.7.6.3. Cc yu cu thit k
14.7.6.3.1. Phm vi
Cc gi cht do c tng cng thp c th c thit k theo iu ny, trong trng hp chng tiu chun v cc yu cu th nghim ph hp vi cc tm gi
cht do.
Cc quy nh cho FGP ch p dng cho cc tm gi ni m si thy tinh c t
thnh cc lp i cch nhau 3,0 mm.
Cc c tnh vt l ca neopren v cao su thin nhin c s dng trong cc gi
ny phi tun theo cc yu cu sau y ca ASTM hoc AASHTO vi cc sa
i nh c lu :
ASTM
AASHTO
Hp cht
Yu cu
Yu cu
Neorpen
D4014
AASHTO M251
D4014
AASHTO M251
Cc sa i:
14.7.6.3.2. ng sut nn
trng thi gii hn s dng, ng sut nn trung bnh, s, trong bt k lp no
phi tha mn:
i vi PEP:
S 0,55GS 5,5 MPa
(14.7.6.3.2-1)
(14.7.6.3.2-2)
i vi FGP:
i vi CDP:
S 10,5 MPa
(14.7.6.3.2-3)
7MPa
v S 1,0 GS
(14.7.6.3.2-4)
(14.7.6.3.4-1)
i vi CDP :
hrt 10 S
(14.7.6.3.4-2)
14.7.6.3.5. S quay
Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi p dng trng thi gii hn s dng. Chuyn v
quay phi c ly theo tng s ln nht ca cc tc dng ca s thiu song song
ban u v sau s quay ca u dm do cc ti trng v cc chuyn ng
t ln.
S 0,5GS
hrt
S 0,5GS
hrt
s,x
s,z
(14.7.6.3.5-1)
(14.7.6.3.5-2)
S 0,375
GS
hrt
150
(14.7.6.3.5-3)
trong :
S
hrt
ng knh ca tm gi (mm)
s,x
s.z
14.7.6.3.6. n nh
bo m n nh, tng chiu dy ca tm gi phi khng v t qa tr s
nh nht ca L/3, W/3, hoc D/4.
14.7.6.3.7. Ct tng cng
Ct tng cng trong FGP phi l si thy tinh vi cng trong mi phng mt
phng t nht l 15,2 h ri tnh bng N/mm. V mc ch ca iu ny, nu cc
lp ca cht do c chiu dy khc nhau, h ri phi ly theo chiu dy trung bnh
ca hai lp cht do dnh kt vo cng ct tng cng. Nu ct si thy tinh c cc
l, cng ca n phi c tng ln trn gi tr nh nht quy nh y tc
hai ln chiu rng ton b chia cho chiu rng thc.
Ct tng cng cho gi cht do tng cng bng thp thit k theo nhng quy
nh ca iu ny phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca iu 14.7.5.3.7.
14.7.6.4. S neo kt
Nu lc ct tnh ton do tm gi bin dng chu trng thi gii hn cng
vt qa mt phn nm ca lc nn Psd do cc ti trng thng xuyn th tm gi
phi c m bo chng li chuyn v nm ngang.
14.7.7. Cc b mt trt bng hp kim ng hoc ng thic
14.7.7.1. Vt liu
Hp kim ng hoc ng thic c th s dng cho:
14.7.7.2. H s ma st
h s ma st c th c xc nh bng thc nghim. Thay th vo cc th
nghim nh th, h s ma st thit k c th ly bng 0,1 cho cc thnh phn
ng t bi trn v 0,4 cho cc loi khc.
ng sut ta (MPa)
AASHTIO M107
(ASTM B22)
C90500 - Loi 1
21
C91100 - Loi 2
21
C86300 - Loi 3
83
152
, quy nh trong iu
14.7.8.2. Vt liu
a cht do phi c lm t mt hp cht gc urethan polyete, ch s dng vt
liu nguyn khai. cng phi t 45 n 65 trn thang Shore D.
Cc b phn kim loi ca gi phi lm bng thp kt cu ph hp vi AASHTO
M270M hoc M183 (ASTM A709M) cp 250, 345 hay 345W hoc bng thp
khng g ph hp vi ASTM A240M)
14.7.8.3. a cht do
a cht do phi oc gi v tr bng mt thit b nh v chc chn.
trng thi gii hn s dng, a phi c thit k :
14.7.8.4. C cu chu ct
Trong cc gi c nh v c dn hng, phi cung cp mt c cu chu ct
truyn cc lc nm ngang gia cc tm thp bn trn v bn di. N phi
14.7.8.5. Cc tm thp
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc Phn 3, 4 v 6 ca Tiu chun ny mt cch
thch hp c.
Chiu dy ca mi tm ca cc tm thp bn trn v bn di khng c nh hn
0,045Dd nu l tip xc trc tip vi dm thp hoc tm phn b, hoc 0.06 D d
nu n t trc tip trn va hoc
b tng.
154
14.7.9.3. Vt liu
i vi cc gi thp, chi tit dn hng hoc kim ch phi c lm t thp ph hp
vi AASHTO M270M (ASTM A709 M ) cp 250, 345 hoc 345W, hoc thp khng
g ph hp vi ASTM A240M. i vi cc gi bng nhm, chi tit dn hng cng c
th bng nhm.
Vt liu b mt tip xc ma st thp phi c k s chp nhn.
14.7.9.4. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Cc chi tit dn hng phi song song vi nhau, di thch ng vi ton b
chuyn v thit k ca gi trong phng trt, v phi cho php trt t do nh
nht l 0,8 mm v ln nht l 1,6 mm trong phng b kim ch. Cc chi tit dn
hng phi c thit k trnh b kt di mi ti trng thit k, cc chuyn v k
c quay.
14.7.9.5. Cn c thit k
14.7.9.5.1. V tr ti trng
Phi gi thit lc nm ngang tc dng vo thit b dn hng hay thit b
kim ch tc dng trng tm ca vt liu mt i tip bng vt liu ma
st thp. Khi thit k lin kt ni gia thit b dn hng hay thit b kim
ch vi thn ca h thng gi, phi xt n c lc ct v mmen lt.
Thit k v cu to chi tit ca cc b phn gi chng li ti trng ngang
bao gm c ti trng ng t, c xc nh theo iu 14.6.3.1 phi m
bo cng v do thch hp. Cc thanh dn hng v cc vng chn hay
ai c ti cc u cu cht v cc thit b tng t phi c thit k hoc
chng li cc ti trng tc dng ln n hoc phi m bo mt ng truyn
Kp cht c hc
Gn dnh cht
14.7.10. Cc h gi khc
Cc h gi lm t cc thnh phn khng c quy nh trong cc iu t 14.7.1
sut n 14.7.9 cng c th c s dng, ty thuc vo s chp thun ca K s.
Cc gi nh th phi thch hp chu cc lc v cc bin dng t ln chng
cc trng thi gii hn s dng, cng v c bit m khng c s c v vt
liu v khng gy ra cc bin dng bt li cho s hot ng ng n ca
chng.
Cc kch thc ca gi phi c la chn cung cp cc chuyn ng thch hp
mi lc. Cc vt liu phi c cng , cng, v sc khng t bin v s
phong ha bo m s hot ng ng n ca gi sut tui th thit k
ca cu.
K s phi xc nh cc th nghim m gi phi tha mn. Cc th nghim phi
c thit k chng minh bt k nhc im no c kh nng trong h di
ring ti trng nn, ct hoc quay hoc cc t hp ca chng. Phi yu cu th
nghim di ti trng ko di v theo chu k.
14.8. Cc tm ti trng v s neo c cc gi
14.8.1. Cc tm phn b ti trng
Gi, cng vi bt k cc tm ph thm no, phi c thit k :
156
158