A Novel Mushroom Shaped Slotted Microstrip

Antenna for ISM Applications

K.Shobana1, I.Ilammathi1, K.Hemalatha1, P.Thulasi
Geethanjali1
Undergraduate students
shobana.kt@gmail.com

AbstractThis work proposes the design of mushroom shaped

patch antenna for lower spectrum of microwave frequencies. The
patch has radius of 10mm placed on the FR4 substrate. Slots
have been introduced in order to improve the performance of the
antenna. The proposed antenna resonates at 2.4 GHz, 3.1 GHz,
3.6 GHz, 5.6 GHz and 6 GHz. Hence its applications fall on ISM
(2.4-2.483 GHz) band, fixed mobile Wi-MAX (2-6 GHz)
applications. Since the antenna is designed with miniaturized size
it can also be preferred for Bio-Telemetry applications. To design
and simulate the antenna HFSS software tool has been used.
Keywords:Mushroomshape,slotted,wireless applications,
HFSSs

I.INTRODUCTION
In the current world, the innovation in medical field has
become a basic requirement. This has been possible by
implementing microwave antenna in medicine. This also
overcomes the need for remote monitoring. Many authors have
investigated about performance of various implantable antenna
structures. The modified helical shaped3D spiral antenna
covering MICS has been discussed in [1].Implantable antenna
specially designed to detect the heart failure detection and
monitoring of internal pressure measurements of the pulmonary
artery has reported in [2].
Implantable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for an
artificial cardiac pacemaker is proposed in [3]. This antenna
has a simple structure with a low profile and is placed on the
top side of the pacemaker. The antenna identifying
maximumfrequency shifts caused by variations in the electrical
properties of body tissues and different anatomical distribution
has been discussed in [4].The design of circular patch antenna
loaded with metamaterial for C band applications is described
in [5].In this report a miniaturized antenna is proposed for the
implantable devices which can also be recommended for
applications in ISM (2.4 - 2.483 GHz), fixed mobile WiMax(2.4 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.65 GHz 5.61 GHz) regions.

S.Suganthi2, S. Raghavan3
1,2

Department of ECE, ShriAngalamman college of

Engg.and Tech., Tiruchirappalli, India.
3
Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology,
Tiruchirappalli, India.

II.ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna has been developed from the basic
circular shaped patch antenna. Since miniaturization is the
main need in many of the applications, certain structural
modifications have been implemented in the circular patch.
Hence a semicircular shape is preferred for patch.
The antenna with radius of 10mm and with substrate size
of 20mm x 20mm x 0.5mm is proposed. A slot has been
introduced in the patch with the thickness of 0.2mm,and the
number of slots in the patch is increased in the order of 1,3 and
6.Strip feed is used and the feed position is shifted 5mm away
from the centre position.The resonant frequency of antenna can
be determined from the empirical formula [7] given in
Equation (1).
=
where

1+

[ln

(1)

+ 1.7726

fr=resonanat frequency
v0 = speed of light
ae= effective radius
r = relative permittivity
h = thickness of the substrate and
a = radius of patch

(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig.1. (a) Basic Structure (b).Semicircular patch (c). Proposed Mushroom
Shaped antenna with microstrip feed

A. Mushroom Shaped Antenna with Single Slot

A semicircular antenna is designed with the patch radius of
10mm.The substrate material is FR4(r=4.4), with the
dimension of 20mm x 20mm x 0.5mm. For patch and ground
copper material is assigned.The antenna shown in Fig.1.(c)
does not give desirable resonance hence a slot of 0.2mm
thickness is introduced. Fig.2.depicts the propsed antenna with
single,triple and six slots.
B. Mushroom Shaped Antenna withtriple slots
At this stage another set of slots are introduced with the
same thickness.The distance between three slots is kept
constant as 1mm.
C. Mushroom Shaped Antenna with Six Slots
At third stage three more slots are introduced such that the
distance between the first set of slots and the second set is
maintained as 2mm.

(c)

(d)

(a)

Fig.2. Antenna Shapes (a). Geometry of Mushroom Shaped Antenna with

Single Slot (b).Mushroom Shaped Antenna with Triple Slot (c).Mushroom
Shaped Antenna with Six Slots (d). Proposed antenna with feed at 5mm away
left from centre.

III.

SIMULATION AND RESULT DISCUSSIONS

A. Simulation Software
The HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used
for designing and simulating the antenna. Analysis has been
done in the sweep frequency range of 1-7 GHz.
B.Results and Observations

(b)

The results of simulation are provided in Fig.2. The proposed

antenna with single slot resonates at 2.7 GHz with a return loss
of -12dB. Then by the introduction of three slots on the patch
the resonance occurs at dual points such as 3.45 GHz and 4.1
GHz with corresponding return losses of -34dB and -43dB
respectively. Further increment in the slot up to six with the
thickness of 0.2mm separated by 1mm between adjacent slots
has been performed. A shift towards lower frequency region
occurs and the proposed antenna resonates at 2.5 GHz, 3.2
GHz, 3.6 GHz, 5.6 GHz along with the return losses values of 20 dB,-13 dB,-16 dB and -17 dB respectively. Hence it is
observed that a compromise is noticed in the return loss levels
while the number of resonances is increasing. Fig.3. shows the
performance of antenna with single, triple and six slots.

(a)
(d)
Fig. 3. (a). Antenna with one slot (b)Antenna with triple slot (c) Antenna with
six slots (d) Antenna with six slot with feed at 5mm away left from centre.

When the feed position of the antenna is changed from centre

position to 5mm away left the frequency is shifted to lowerside
compared to centre fed antenna which is shown inFig.4.(b).
XY Plot 1

Ansoft Corporation

HFSSDesign1

0.00

-5.00

(b)

d B(S (Lu m p P o rt1,Lu m p P o rt1))

-10.00

-15.00

-20.00

-25.00
RED - ONE SLOT
BLUE - THREE SLOT
GREEN - SIX SLOT

-30.00

-35.00

-40.00

-45.00
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00
Freq [GHz]

5.00

6.00

7.00
Cur

(a)
XY Plot 1

Ansoft Corporation

HFSSDesign1

0.00

-5.00

(c)

dB(S (Lum pP ort1,LumpP ort1))

-10.00

-15.00

-20.00
BLUE - FEED AT 5mm AWAY FROM CENTRE
RED - FEED AT CENTRE POSITION

-25.00

-30.00

-35.00
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00
Freq [GHz]

5.00

6.00

(b)
Fig.4.Comparision of Antenna (a) With different slots (b)With various feed
positions

7.00

The Fig.5shows the performance of these antennas

through the gain and directivity patterns . The Table I presents
the various antenna properties resulting from simulation.

(c)

XY Plot 1

Ansoft Corporation

HFSSDes ign1

0.00

Fig.5. Directivity and Gain of Proposed Antenna

-5.00

-10.00
dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))

The Fig.4. Shows the gain and directivity of the proposed

antenna. The efficiency of the antenna can be improved using
some methodologies like inclusion of metamaterial[6].

-15.00

-20.00

GREEN - 1.6 THICKNESS

ORANGE- 0.8 THICKNESS
RED - 0.5 THICKNESS

-25.00

-30.00

-35.00
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00
Freq [GHz]

5.00

6.00

7.00

(d)
Fig.6.(a) Antenna withSubstrate thickness of 0.8mm (b). Substrate thickness
of 1.6mm (c).substrate thickness of 0.5mm (d). Comparison of performance of
Antenna with various substrate thicknesses

TABLE I

(a)

COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF ANTENNA

Antenna

Resonant Frequency
(GHz)

Return Loss (dB)

VSWR

Single slot

2.7 GHz

-12

1.6573

3.45

-34

1.0409

4.1

-43

1.0134

2.4

-20

1.2

3.1

-13

1.5

3.65

-16

1.3

5.6

-17

1.3

-32

1.3

Tripple slot

Six slots

(b)

TABLE IIC OMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF ANTENNA - VARIOUS

REFERENCES

SUBSTRATE THICKNESS

Substrate thickness

Resonant frequency

Return loss (dB)

VSWR

2.7

-11.77

1.8

3.7

-22.96

1.5

5.8

-12.72

1.4

2.59

-33

0.3

3.72
5.8
2.4

-23.22
-29.62
-20

1.2
0.5
1.2

1.6

0.8

0.5

3.1

-13

1.5

3.65

-16

1.3

5.6

-17

1.3

-32

1.3

[1]

[2]
[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Vidal.N, Curto.S, Lopez Villegas.J.M, Sieiro.J, andRamos.F.M,

Detuning Study Of Implantable AntennasInside The Human
BodyProgress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol.124, pp.265-283,
2012.
Zani.M.Z, Jusoh.M.H, Sulaiman.A.A, Baba.N.H, Awang.R.A and
Ain.M.F, Circular Patch Antenna on Metamaterial,IEEE,2010.
Javier Abadia et al, 3D-Spiral Small Antenna Design and Realization
for Biomedical Telemetry in the MICS band Radio engineering, VOL.
18, No.4, 2009
Tamotsu Houzen, Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito, Implanted
Antenna for an Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker System Progress In
Electromagnetics Research Symposium, pp.27-30, 2007.
Chow.E.Y, Yuehui Ouyang, Brooke BeierWilliam, Chappell.J, and
Pedro P. Irazoqui, Evaluation of Cardiovascular Stents as Antennasfor
Implantable Wireless Applications IEEE Transactions onMicrowave
TheoryandTechniques, Vol.57, No.10, 2009.
Suganthi.S, Raghavan.S, Kumar.D, Hosimin Thilagar.S A Compact
Hilbert Curve Fractal Antenna on Metamaterial using CSRR PIERS
Proceedings, pp.136-140, 2012.
Balanis,C.A. Antenna theory Wiley Interscience, 3rd Edition, 2005.

IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed antenna meets the suitability of application in
the lower part of microwave spectrum. In addition to multiband resonance, miniaturization is also achieved. The antenna
resonates at 2.4 GHz,3.1 GHz,3.65GHz,5.6GHz and 7 GHz.
Hence this type of antenna can be recommended for
applications in theISM (2.4 - 2.483 GHz) band, fixed mobile
Wi-Max(2.4 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.65 GHz 5.61 GHz) regions. It
can also be made suitable for bio-telemetry and implantable
applications by properly simulating and experimenting in the
lossy body environments appropriately. The antenna has been
simulated with various feed positions and substrate thickness.

TABLE III C OMPARISON OF ANTENNA B ASED ON REQUIREMENT

Requirement

Preferred
antenna with
various slots

Preferred
antenna with
various
substrate
thickness

Lowest
frequency

Antenna with six

slots

Antenna with 0.5

thickness

High return loss

Antenna with
triple slots

Antenna with 0.8

thickness

High frequency

Antenna with six

slots

Antenna with 1.6

thickness

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1

The author acknowledges the authors2 & 3 for their moral

and technical supports.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Shobana1, Ilammathi1, Hemalatha1 and Thulasi Geethanjali1 (from the left) are
Under Graduate students, currently pursuing their final year, in the
Department of ECE of Shri Angalamman college of Engineering and
Technology, Tiruchirapalli, India.

S.Suganthi2 is a Professor in Shri Angalamman college of

Engineeringand Technology and is in the teaching profession
for 24 years.She is a graduate student member ofIEEE, life
member of TSI andISTE and member of IEEE MTTand AP
societies, member ofIACSIT and IAENG. Her areas of interest
are MIC, fractal,implantable, reconfigurable and metamaterial
antennas.

Dr.S.Raghavan3 is a Professor in Electronics and

Communication Engineering Department of National Institute
of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. He received his Ph.D
from IIT, Delhi. He is a member and life member of various
societies: Senior Member IEEE (MTT and EMbS), FIETE, FIE,
ISSS, ISTE, MRSI, BMSI, BESI, CE, CSI, TSI, ISOI, ASI,
NPC, STERM, SBAO, ILA, IATIS. He is a senior faculty and is
in the engineering teaching profession for 30 years. He is a
visiting professor of various institutions and universities in the
nation. His areas of interest are MIC, biomedical applications,
nanotechnology, implantable, reconfigurable and metamaterial
antennas.