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I.INTRODUCTION
In the current world, the innovation in medical field has
become a basic requirement. This has been possible by
implementing microwave antenna in medicine. This also
overcomes the need for remote monitoring. Many authors have
investigated about performance of various implantable antenna
structures. The modified helical shaped3D spiral antenna
covering MICS has been discussed in [1].Implantable antenna
specially designed to detect the heart failure detection and
monitoring of internal pressure measurements of the pulmonary
artery has reported in [2].
Implantable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for an
artificial cardiac pacemaker is proposed in [3]. This antenna
has a simple structure with a low profile and is placed on the
top side of the pacemaker. The antenna identifying
maximumfrequency shifts caused by variations in the electrical
properties of body tissues and different anatomical distribution
has been discussed in [4].The design of circular patch antenna
loaded with metamaterial for C band applications is described
in [5].In this report a miniaturized antenna is proposed for the
implantable devices which can also be recommended for
applications in ISM (2.4 - 2.483 GHz), fixed mobile WiMax(2.4 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.65 GHz 5.61 GHz) regions.
S.Suganthi2, S. Raghavan3
1,2
II.ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna has been developed from the basic
circular shaped patch antenna. Since miniaturization is the
main need in many of the applications, certain structural
modifications have been implemented in the circular patch.
Hence a semicircular shape is preferred for patch.
The antenna with radius of 10mm and with substrate size
of 20mm x 20mm x 0.5mm is proposed. A slot has been
introduced in the patch with the thickness of 0.2mm,and the
number of slots in the patch is increased in the order of 1,3 and
6.Strip feed is used and the feed position is shifted 5mm away
from the centre position.The resonant frequency of antenna can
be determined from the empirical formula [7] given in
Equation (1).
=
where
1+
[ln
(1)
+ 1.7726
fr=resonanat frequency
v0 = speed of light
ae= effective radius
r = relative permittivity
h = thickness of the substrate and
a = radius of patch
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig.1. (a) Basic Structure (b).Semicircular patch (c). Proposed Mushroom
Shaped antenna with microstrip feed
(c)
(d)
(a)
III.
A. Simulation Software
The HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used
for designing and simulating the antenna. Analysis has been
done in the sweep frequency range of 1-7 GHz.
B.Results and Observations
(b)
(a)
(d)
Fig. 3. (a). Antenna with one slot (b)Antenna with triple slot (c) Antenna with
six slots (d) Antenna with six slot with feed at 5mm away left from centre.
Ansoft Corporation
HFSSDesign1
0.00
-5.00
(b)
-10.00
-15.00
-20.00
-25.00
RED - ONE SLOT
BLUE - THREE SLOT
GREEN - SIX SLOT
-30.00
-35.00
-40.00
-45.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Freq [GHz]
5.00
6.00
7.00
Cur
(a)
XY Plot 1
Ansoft Corporation
HFSSDesign1
0.00
-5.00
(c)
-10.00
-15.00
-20.00
BLUE - FEED AT 5mm AWAY FROM CENTRE
RED - FEED AT CENTRE POSITION
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Freq [GHz]
5.00
6.00
(b)
Fig.4.Comparision of Antenna (a) With different slots (b)With various feed
positions
7.00
(c)
XY Plot 1
Ansoft Corporation
HFSSDes ign1
0.00
-10.00
dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))
-15.00
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Freq [GHz]
5.00
6.00
7.00
(d)
Fig.6.(a) Antenna withSubstrate thickness of 0.8mm (b). Substrate thickness
of 1.6mm (c).substrate thickness of 0.5mm (d). Comparison of performance of
Antenna with various substrate thicknesses
TABLE I
(a)
Antenna
Resonant Frequency
(GHz)
VSWR
Single slot
2.7 GHz
-12
1.6573
3.45
-34
1.0409
4.1
-43
1.0134
2.4
-20
1.2
3.1
-13
1.5
3.65
-16
1.3
5.6
-17
1.3
-32
1.3
Tripple slot
Six slots
(b)
REFERENCES
SUBSTRATE THICKNESS
Substrate thickness
Resonant frequency
VSWR
2.7
-11.77
1.8
3.7
-22.96
1.5
5.8
-12.72
1.4
2.59
-33
0.3
3.72
5.8
2.4
-23.22
-29.62
-20
1.2
0.5
1.2
1.6
0.8
0.5
3.1
-13
1.5
3.65
-16
1.3
5.6
-17
1.3
-32
1.3
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed antenna meets the suitability of application in
the lower part of microwave spectrum. In addition to multiband resonance, miniaturization is also achieved. The antenna
resonates at 2.4 GHz,3.1 GHz,3.65GHz,5.6GHz and 7 GHz.
Hence this type of antenna can be recommended for
applications in theISM (2.4 - 2.483 GHz) band, fixed mobile
Wi-Max(2.4 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.65 GHz 5.61 GHz) regions. It
can also be made suitable for bio-telemetry and implantable
applications by properly simulating and experimenting in the
lossy body environments appropriately. The antenna has been
simulated with various feed positions and substrate thickness.
Requirement
Preferred
antenna with
various slots
Preferred
antenna with
various
substrate
thickness
Lowest
frequency
Antenna with
triple slots
High frequency
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Shobana1, Ilammathi1, Hemalatha1 and Thulasi Geethanjali1 (from the left) are
Under Graduate students, currently pursuing their final year, in the
Department of ECE of Shri Angalamman college of Engineering and
Technology, Tiruchirapalli, India.