MATS 2001 Fall 2014

Problem Set 1 Key

1. An aluminum wire with the length of 5 m has a diameter of 3 mm.
The Youngs modulus is 70 GPa. (a) Use the simple linear elastic
model to compute the total length of the wire under the load of 900
N.(5pts) (b) Was it valid to use the linear elastic model?(5pts)

F
ll 0 A
=E , =
=
l0
E
3 2
3 10

(a)

=5.00909 m=5009.09 mm
4
900
1+
F
F
l=l 0+
l 0=l 0 1+
=5
EA
EA

70 109

(b) From Table 6.2, the yield strength for aluminum is 35 Mpa (need to look
up in textbook). So the corresponding force is:
3 2

1.5 10 N =247.74 N <900 N

6
F=A=35 10
So, it is not valid to use the linear elastic model.
(Too many people did not realize that they needed to look up yield
strength of Al and compare.)
2. A magnesium alloy has a yield strength of 180 MPa and E is 45 Gpa.
(a) Compute the maximum load for a magnesium specimen with a
cross section area of 10 mm 2 mm that doesnt have plastic
deformation.(5pts)(b) Under this load, what is the strain in the
specimen?(5pts)
6

(a)

F=A=180 10 10 2 10 =3600 N
180 106
(b) = =
=0.004
E 45 109
3. A cylindrical specimen (E=110 Gpa) having a yield strength of 240
Mpa, is to be subjected to a load of 6660 N. If the length of the rod
is 380 mm, what must be the diameter such that its elongation is
0.50 mm? Assume Poissons ratio is 0.33. (10pts)

F
2
d0
( )
4
3
(4)(380 10 m)(6660 N )
=E

d 0=

l F
= =
l0 A0

( )(110 10 N /m )(0.50 10 m)

=7.65 103 m=7.65 mm

 l 0.50 mm
=
=0.0013
l 0 380 mm
x = z=0.33 0.0013=0.000429
d = x d 0=0.000429 7.65 mm=0.00328 mm
d=d 0+ d=7.65 mm0.00328 mm=7.647 mm
z=

(Many people didnt use Poissons ratio or even worse did not recognize that
diameter must decrease and just wrote down do.)
4. A worker in a factory wants to load a cylindrical specimen of a
metal alloy in compression. The elastic and shear moduli for this
alloy are 105 GPa and 39.7 GPa, respectively. If its original and final
diameters are 20.000 and 20.025 mm, respectively and its final
length is 74.96 mm, compute its original length. Assume that the
deformation is totally elastic.(10pts)

d 20.025 mm20.000 mm
=
=1.25 103
d0
20.000 mm
E
105 103 MPa
=
1=
1=0.322
2G
2 39.7 103 MPa
1.25 103
z= x =
=3.88 103

0.322
l
74.96
l 0= i =
=75.25 mm
1+ z 13.88 103
x=

5. The tensile engineering stress-strain behavior for a steel alloy is

given by Figure 6.22 (Figure 6.21 in 8th edition) in the text. (a)
What is the modulus of elasticity?(4pts) (b) What is the
proportional limit?(2pts) (c) What is the yield strength at a strain
off-set of 0.002?(2pts) (d) What is the tensile strength?(2pts)
(a)

E=

2 1 ( 2000 ) MPa
=
=200 10 3 MPa=200GPa ( same8 th)
2 1
( 0.00100 )

(b) Approximately ~1400 MPa. (300 in 8 th, It is the stress level at which
linearity of the stress-strain curve ends.)
(c) Approximately ~1600 MPa. (400 in 8th, Inaccuracy is allowed.)
(d) Approximately ~1900 MPa. (515 in 8th, Inaccuracy is allowed.)
6. An alloy specimen with the cross section area of 10 mm 10 mm
was tested in lab. The length of the specimen is 40 mm. The result
is obtained, as follows:
Load/N
0
43100
86200
102000
104800
109600

Length/mm
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.8
41.6

113800
121300
126900
127600
113800 (Fracture)

42.4
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.2

(a) Make a plot of engineering stress vs strain.(15pts) (b) From the plot
estimate the yield strength,(5pts) (c) the ultimate tensile strength,(5pts)
(d) elongation,(2pts) (e) ductility(3pts) and (f) resilience.(5pts) (g) What
is the true stress and true strain at fracture?(0pts)
(a) Calculate the engineering stress and strain for each by using equations

F
A0

and

l il 0
. (One can do it on excel and dont need to show the
l0

calculation procedure.)
Engineering Stress (MPa)
0
431
862
1020
1048
1096
1138
1213
1269
1276
1138 (Fracture)

Strain
0
0.0025
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.255

The plot should be something like these:

Stress-Strain Plot

Stress-Strain Plot

For all future problem sets graphs with data must be made with some plotting
software like Matlab, Origin or Excel. Rough tips for using Excel:
Find the engineering stress and strain on Excel by using function.
Select proper chart type.
Select the region of engineering stress as data for generating the
diagram.
Select the region of strain as data for horizontal axis.
Obtain the slope by using first two points.
Finding y and y , should be something like following:
(Must show the work for finding y and y , and label them. Inaccuracy is
allowed but must be plausible.)
(b) From the plot, yield strength is about 950 MPa. (Inaccuracy is allowed)
(c) From the chart, TS equals 1276 MPa.
(d) 50.2mm-40mm=10.2mm

50.2mm40mm
100 =25.5
40 mm
1
1
6
3
U r = y y = 950 MPa 0.0075=3.56 10 J /m
2
2

(e) %EL=
(f)

(g) This part was not graded because we cannot calculate true stress at fracture
because there is necking after the tensile strength and we do not know the
cross sectional area. However, we can calculate the true tensile strength
because before necking from y to TS we can assume no volume
change. We could also consider the area change in the elastic domain from 0 to
y but it is very small. Assuming Poissons ratio of 0.33 with a tensile strain
of 0.01 gives Ai= 99.54 mm2. At the tensile strength Ai=4000 mm3/48 mm=
83.3 mm2.

F
113800 N
=
=1366 MP a
A i 83.3 106 m2
T =ln ( 1+ )=ln 1+0.2=0.18
T ,TS =

7. A bar of brass 10.0 mm diameter and 120.0 mm long

tension with a force of 11.75 kN. This force is then released.
the final length of the specimen after the force is released.
strain behavior for this brass is shown in Figure 6.12.(5pts)
the final specimen length when the load is increased to 23.5
released.(5pts)

(a)

is pulled in
(a) Compute
The stress(b) Compute
kN and then

5 103 2 m2

F 1.175 10 4 N
= =

A
The bar will go back to the original length after it is released, which is 120.00
mm.
(Some people forgot it was released.)
3 2

(b)

5 10 m

F 2.35 10 4 N
= =

A
From the diagram, the strain for the stress is about 0.025.
The elastic strain recovery should be:

299.2 MPa
=
=0.003
E
97GPa

=0.0250.003=0.022
l=l 0 + l 0=120 mm+0.022 120 mm=122.64 mm
Then

(Many people forgot to subtract the 0.003)