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Date: 16-12-2013
OBJECT
Perform the operation of mixing and show an analysis of effects of
different sizes of turbine on mixing.
THEORY
Mixing is one of the common operations carried out in the chemical
processing and allied industries. The term mixing is applied to the processes
used to reduce the degree of non-uniformity, or gradient, a property in a system
such as concentration, viscosity, temperature and so on. Mixing is achieved by
moving materials from one region to another. It may be of interest simply as a
means of achieving a desired degree of homogeneity but it may also be used to
promote heat and mass transfer, often where a system is undergoing a chemical
reaction.
APPARATUS
Mixing tank, variable speed motor, different size turbines, baffles, pH
meter and small beakers.
PROCEDURE
Add water so that the height becomes equal to the diameter of the tank.
Take four baffles all should be of same size.
Start the motor and add concentrated base.
After every 15 seconds, take out a sample of about 30ml.
After each sample, add 30ml water so that the level of water remains
constant.
While keeping the speed at optimum. Repeat the experiment for different
size turbines.
Draw graph for the change in pH for each turbine size. Determine the
optimum turbine size.
Scale up the results 8 times.
OBSERVATIONS
200 Rpm and 2.2
cm baffle with
5cm turbine size
Time
(sec)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
Time(s
ec)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
pH
8.62
10.48
10.92
10.94
10.96
10.96
10.97
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
Time(s
ec)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
pH
8.51
10.89
10.92
10.94
10.92
10.95
10.94
10.94
10.95
10.94
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.95
pH
8.58
10.7
10.79
10.93
10.93
10.93
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.96
10.96
10.96
10.96
10.96
10.96
pH
9.5
9
8.5
8
0
50
100
150
Time (sec)
200
250
11.5
11
10.5
10
pH
9.5
9
8.5
8
0
50
100
150
200
250
Time (sec)
200 Rpm and 2.2 cm baffle size with 7cm turbine size
11.5
11
10.5
10
pH
9.5
9
8.5
8
0
50
100
150
Time (sec)
Time
(sec)
105
150
150
O. turbine
(cm)
5
6
7
200
250
8
7
O. Turbine (cm)
6
5
4
75
95
115
135
155
175
Time (sec)
RESULT
The optimum turbine size is found to 5 cm.
DISCUSSION
Agitation is means whereby mixing phases can be accomplished and by
which mass and heat
transfer can be enhanced between phases or external surfaces. The operation of
agitation, which includes mixing as a special case, is now well established as an
important and in a wide variety of chemical processes.
Specifically, agitators are applied to three general classes of problems:
To produce static or dynamic uniformity in multi component multiphase
systems.
To facilitate mass or energy transfer between the parts of a system not in
equilibrium.
To promote phase changes in multi component system with or without a
change in compositions.
Mixing in tanks is an important area when one considers the number of
processes, which are accomplished in tanks. Essentially, any physical or
transport process can occur during mixing in tanks. Qualitative and quantitative
observations, experimental data, and flow regime identifications are needed and
should be emphasized in any experimental pilot studies in mixing. A vortex is
produced owing to centrifugal force acting on the rotating liquid. If vortex
reaches the impeller severe air entrainment occurs. The depth and the shape of
the vortex depend on impeller and vessel dimensions as well as on rotational
speed.
Mixing efficiency in a stirred tank is affected by various numbers of
parameters such as baffles, impeller speed, impeller type, clearance, tank
geometry, solubility of substance, eccentricity of the impeller. Effects of speed of
turbine and size of turbine and baffles on efficiency are discussed below:
BAFFLE SIZE
In the un-baffled vessel with the impeller rotating in the center, centrifugal
force acting on the fluid raises the fluid level at the wall and lowers the level at