JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC2 Common Test 2 2015

Name

Class

PHYSICS

15S

9646/2

Higher 2
30 June 2015

Structured Questions

1hour 45 min
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For
Examiners Use

Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.

Write your name and class in the spaces provided at the top of this
page.

2
3

Write in dark blue or black pen.

You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.

6
7
8
Total

(This question paper consists of 22 printed pages)

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2
Data
c = 3.00 108 m s1
o = 4 107 H m1

speed of light in free space,

permeability of free space,
permittivity of free space,
elementary charge,
the Planck constant,
unified atomic mass constant,

o = 8.85 1012 F m1 = (1/(36)) 109 F m1

e = 1.60 1019 C
h = 6.63 1034 J s
u = 1.66 1027 kg
me = 9.11 1031 kg
mp = 1.67 1027 kg
R = 8.31 J K1 mol1
NA = 6.02 1023 mol1
k = 1.38 1023 J K1
G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2
g = 9.81 m s2

rest mass of electron,

rest mass of proton,
molar gas constant,
the Avogadro constant,
the Boltzmann constant,
gravitational constant,
acceleration of free fall,
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion,

s = ut +

1
2

at2

v2 = u2 + 2as
W = p V
p = gh

work done on/by a gas,

hydrostatic pressure,
gravitational potential,

Gm
r

x = xo sin t
v = vo cos t

displacement of particle in s.h.m.,

velocity of particle in s.h.m.,

v = ( xo2 x 2 )
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal
gas
resistors in series,
resistors in parallel,

E =

3
2

kT

R = R1 + R2 + . . .
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .
Q

electric potential,

V =

alternating current / voltage,

transmission coefficient,

x = xo sin t
T exp(2kd)

4o r

where k =
radioactive decay
decay constant

JJC 2015

82 m(U E )
h2

x = xo exp(-t)
0.693
=
t1/2

9646/JC2 Common Test 2 P2/2015

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(a)

(i)

What is meant by the term internal energy of a system?

[1]

(ii)

State the first law of thermodynamics.

[2]

(b)

A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a cycle of changes A B C A, as shown

in Fig. 1.1.
pressure
p / 105 Pa
B

A
C

volume V / cm3
20

5
Fig. 1.1
(i)

Calculate the work done by the gas during the change C A.

work done by gas =

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[2]

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(ii)

Show that the internal energy of the gas at A is 3.0 J.

(iii)

Fig 1.2 is a table of energy changes during one cycle. Complete Fig. 1.2.[3]

[1]

section of cycle

heating supplied to
gas / J

work done on gas / J

increase in internal
energy of gas / J

AB

+2.25

+2.25

BC

-4.5

CA
Fig. 1.2
(iv)

Determine the net work done on the gas over one cycle.

work done on gas =

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[1]

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2.

A pendulum bob in a particular clock oscillates so that its displacement from a fixed point
varies with time t as shown in Fig. 2.1. The mass of the pendulum bob is 0.100 kg.

Fig. 2.1

(a)

Determine
(i)

the angular frequency of the oscillations,

angular frequency =

(ii)

m s-1

[2]

[1]

the total energy of the system.

total energy =

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[1]

the magnitude of the maximum velocity, and

maximum velocity =

(iii)

rad s-1

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(b)

Sketch on Fig. 2.2, with values on both axes, the graph of velocity against
displacement.
[2]
v / m s-1

x/m

Fig. 2.2

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3.

(a)

A cable used for the transmission of electrical energy has a circular cross-section of
radius 0.011 m. Fig. 3.1 is a full-scale drawing showing the electric field
surrounding the cable together with lines of equal potential at an instant when the
potential of the cable is +564 000 V.

450 000 V
475 000 V

500 000 V
525 000 V
550 000 V

Cable at
potential
+564 000 V

Fig. 3.1

(i)

State the equation relating field strength to potential gradient.

[1]

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(ii)

Use Fig. 3.1 to estimate the potential gradient near the surface of the cable.

potential gradient =

(iii)

V m-1

[2]

Explain why a cable of larger radius but the same potential, will have a
smaller electric field at its surface.

[1]

(b)

Fig. 3.2 shows two horizontal metal plates, each of length 100 mm, separated by a
vertical distance of 7.0 mm. The upper plate is at a potential of - 2.0 V. An electron
placed between the two plates experiences an electric force of 3.2 x 10-16 N acting
upwards.

Fig. 3.2

(i)

Determine the electric field strength between the two metal plates.

electric field strength =

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V m-1

[2]

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9
(ii)

Hence, or otherwise, determine the potential of the bottom plate.

potential =

(a)

[2]

Charged particles from the Sun, on approaching the Earth, may become trapped in
the Earths magnetic field near the poles, as shown in Fig. 4.1. This can cause the
sky to glow. The phenomenon is called aurora borealis.

Fig. 4.1
Some of the charged particles travel in a circle of radius 50 km in a region where
the magnetic flux density is 6.0 x 10-5 T.
For a charged particle of charge to mass ratio e/m, show that the expression for its
speed v when travelling in a circle of radius r within a magnetic field of flux density
B is given by
e
v Br
m

[2]

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(b)

Use your answer to (a) and the information about the path of the particles to show
that the charged particles causing the aurora cannot be electrons.

[2]

(c)

Suggest a particle that could cause the aurora.

particle =

(d)

[1]

The atmosphere of the Earth is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen atoms and
molecules that surrounds Earth. With reference to the electronic transitions that
can occur within the nitrogen and oxygen atoms and molecules, explain how an
aurora can cause the sky to glow.

[3]

(a)

State Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.

[1]

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(b)

A small coil is positioned so that its axis lies along the axis of a large bar magnet
as shown in Fig. 5.1.

Fig. 5.1

The coil has a cross-sectional area of 0.40 cm2 and contains 150 turns of wire.
The average magnetic flux density B through the coil varies with the distance x
between the face of the magnet and the plane of the coil, as shown in Fig. 5.2.

Fig. 5.2
(i)

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The coil is 5.0 cm from the face of the magnet. With reference to Fig. 5.2,
show that the magnetic flux linkage of the coil is about 3.0 x 10-4 Wb.
[1]

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(ii)

The coil is moved along the axis of the magnet so that the distance x
changes from x = 5.0 cm to x = 15.0 cm in a time of 0.30 s.
Calculate
1.

the magnitude of the change in flux linkage of the coil,

change in flux linkage =

2.

[2]

[2]

the mean e.m.f. induced in the coil.

mean e.m.f. =

(iii)

Wb

State and explain the variation, if any, of the speed of the coil so that the
induced e.m.f. remains constant during the movement in (b)(ii).

[2]

(iv)

The magnet in Fig. 5.1 is now replaced with a solenoid connected to an

alternating voltage, with the axis of the solenoid aligned to the axis of the
small coil.
Suggest how such an arrangement may be applied in the wireless
charging of mobile phones.

[2]

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6

An a.c. power supply is connected to a resistor R as shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1
A cathode ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) is used to show the potential difference (p.d.) across
R. The screen of the c.r.o. displays the variation with time of the p.d. across R power
supply is connected to a resistor R, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

1.0 cm
1.0 cm

Fig. 6.2
On the vertical axis 1.0 cm represents 5.0 V. On the horizontal axis, 1.0 cm represents
10 ms.
(a)

Use Fig. 6.2 to determine the frequency of the a.c. supply.

frequency =

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Hz

[2]

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(b)

The resistance of R is 500 .

Calculate
(i)

the r.m.s. current in R,

r.m.s. current =

(ii)

[2]

[2]

the mean power transformed in R.

mean power =

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15

Ultrasonic sound waves (ultrasound) have frequencies outside the audible range of the
human ear, that is, greater than about 20 kHz. As ultrasound passes through a
medium, wave energy is absorbed.
The rate at which energy is absorbed by unit mass of the medium is known as doserate, measured in W kg-1.
The total energy absorbed by unit mass of the medium is known as the absorbed
dose, measured in J kg-1.
Under certain circumstances, biological cells may be destroyed by ultrasound. The
effect on a group of cells is measured in terms of the survival fraction SF, which is
computed using the expression
SF =

number of cells surviving after exposure

.
number of cells before exposure

For any particular absorbed dose, it is found that the survival fraction changes as the
dose-rate increases. Fig. 7.1 shows, for an absorbed dose of 240 kJ kg-1 for each
sample of cells, the variation of survival fraction with dose-rate for samples of cells in a
liquid.

Fig 7.1

(a)

(i)

Using Fig. 7.1, determine the survival fraction for a dose rate of 115 W kg-1.

survival fraction =

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[1]

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(ii)

Calculate the exposure time for an absorbed dose of 240 kJ kg-1 and at a
dose-rate of 200 W kg-1.

time =

(b)

[2]

Survival fraction depends not only on the dose-rate but also on the absorbed
dose. Fig. 7.2 shows the variation of log10 (SF ) with dose rate for different values
of absorbed dose.

Fig. 7.2
(i)

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Identify the line in Fig. 7.2 that corresponds to the data given in Fig. 7.1
and label it L.
[1]

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(ii)

Suggest why the survival fraction is plotted on a logarithmic scale.

[1]

(iii)

Using Fig. 7.2, complete the table of Fig. 7.3 for a dose-rate of 200 W kg-1.
[1]

Absorbed dose / kJ kg-1

log10 (SF)

50

-0.650

100

-0.900

160
240

-1.575

340

-2.150

450

-2.850

560

-3.750
Fig. 7.3

(iv)

Using the values in the table of Fig. 7.3, plot the points for absorbed
doses 50 kJ kg-1, 160 kJ kg-1 and 240 kJ kg-1 into Fig. 7.4, the graph of
log10 (SF ) against absorbed dose for the dose rate of 200 W kg-1.
[2]

Fig. 7.4
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(c)

A researcher suggests a theory that at a high dose-rate of 200 W kg-1, two

different effects cause cell destruction. The first effect, computed as (SF)1, is
present for all absorbed doses. The second effect, computed as (SF)2, becomes
significant only at high absorbed doses.
What feature in Fig. 7.2 supports his theory that the second effect exists?

[1]

(d)

(i)

Use Fig. 7.4 to determine SF for an absorbed dose of 560 kJ kg-1.

SF =

(ii)

[1]

The theory proposed in (c) suggests that the resultant survival fraction
(SF)R due to the two different effects, each computed individually as
survival fractions (SF)1 and (SF)2 is given by the expression
(SF)R = (SF)1 x (SF)2
For the absorbed dose of 560 kJ kg-1, estimate the values of (SF )1 and
(SF )2 .

JJC 2015

(SF )1 =

[1]

(SF )2 =

[1]

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19

When light is shone on the front of a photocell, an e.m.f. is generated in the photocell. A
student realizes that the e.m.f. in photocell changes when a piece of glass is placed in
front of it.
It is suggested that the e.m.f. generated is related to thickness of the glass.

Fig. 8 : Photocell
Design a laboratory experiment to investigate how the e.m.f. generated varies as
thickness of the glass varies. You should draw a diagram showing the arrangement of
your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to
(a)

the procedure to be followed,

(b)

the measurements to be taken,

(c)

the control of variables,

(d)

the analysis of the data,

(e)

the improvements to accuracy and

(f)

any safety precautions to be taken.

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Diagram

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