P1: GIG

GRBT055-E

AISC-Sample (LRFD)

June 17, 2005

16.1-40

16:6

Char Count= 0

MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

E
KL
(a) When
4.71
r
QFy

(or Fe 0.44QFy )


QFy 
Fcr = Q 0.658 Fe Fy


KL
E
(b) When
> 4.71
r
QFy

[Sect. E7.

(E7-2)

(or Fe < 0.44QFy )

Fcr = 0.877Fe

(E7-3)

where
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress, calculated using Equations E3-4 and
E4-4 for doubly symmetric members, Equations E3-4 and E4-5 for singly
symmetric members, and Equation E4-6 for unsymmetric members, except for single angles where Fe is calculated using Equation E3-4.
Q = 1.0 for members with compact and noncompact sections, as defined in
Section B4, for uniformly compressed elements
= Q s Q a for members with slender-element sections, as defined in Section
B4, for uniformly compressed elements.
User Note: For cross sections composed of only unstiffened slender elements,
Q = Q s (Q a = 1.0). For cross sections composed of only stiffened slender
elements, Q = Q a (Q s = 1.0). For cross sections composed of both stiffened
and unstiffened slender elements, Q = Q s Q a .
1.

Slender Unstiffened Elements, Qs

The reduction factor Q s for slender unstiffened elements is defined as follows:
(a) For flanges, angles, and plates projecting from rolled columns or other compression members:


b
E
(i) When 0.56
t
Fy
Q s = 1.0

(ii) When 0.56 E/Fy < b/t < 1.03 E/Fy

 
Fy
b
Q s = 1.415 0.74
t
E

(iii) When b/t 1.03 E/Fy

Qs =

0.69E
 2
b
Fy
t

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, March 9, 2005

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.

(E7-4)

(E7-5)

(E7-6)

P1: GIG
GRBT055-E

AISC-Sample (LRFD)

June 17, 2005

Sect. E7.]

16:6

Char Count= 0

MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

16.1-41

(b) For flanges, angles, and plates projecting from built-up columns or other compression members:


b
Ekc
(i) When 0.64
t
Fy


(ii) When 0.64

Q s = 1.0


Ekc
Ekc
< b/t 1.17
Fy
Fy

 

Fy
b
Q s = 1.415 0.65
t
Ekc


Ekc
(iii) When b/t > 1.17
Fy
Qs =

0.90Ekc
 2
b
Fy
t

(E7-7)

(E7-8)

(E7-9)

where
4
, and shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for
h/tw
calculation purposes

kc =

(c) For single angles

b
(i) When 0.45
t

E
Fy

Q s = 1.0

(ii) When 0.45 E/Fy < b/t 0.91 E/Fy

 
Fy
b
Q s = 1.34 0.76
t
E

(iii) When b/t > 0.91 E/Fy

Qs =

0.53E
 2
b
Fy
t

(E7-10)

(E7-11)

(E7-12)

where
b = full width of longest angle leg, in. (mm)
(d) For stems of tees

d
(i) When 0.75
t

E
Fy
Q s = 1.0

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, March 9, 2005

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.

(E7-13)

P1: GIG
GRBT055-E

AISC-Sample (LRFD)

June 17, 2005

16.1-42

16:6

Char Count= 0

MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

(ii) When 0.75

E
< d/t 1.03
Fy

[Sect. E7.

E
Fy

 
Fy
d
Q s = 1.908 1.22
t
E


E
(iii) When d/t > 1.03
Fy
Qs =

(E7-14)

0.69E
 2
d
Fy
t

(E7-15)

where
b = width of unstiffened compression element, as defined in Section B4,
in. (mm)
d = the full nominal depth of tee, in. (mm)
t = thickness of element, in. (mm)
2.

Slender Stiffened Elements, Qa

The reduction factor, Q a , for slender stiffened elements is defined as follows:
Qa =

Aeff
A

(E7-16)

where
A = total cross-sectional area of member, in.2 (mm2 )
Aeff = summation of the effective areas of the cross section based on the
reduced effective width, be , in.2 (mm2 )
The reduced effective width, be , is determined as follows:
b
1.49
(a) For uniformly compressed slender elements, with
t
flanges of square and rectangular sections of uniform thickness:




E
0.34 E
be = 1.92t
1
b
f
(b/t) f

E
, except
f

(E7-17)

where
f is taken as Fcr with Fcr calculated based on Q = 1.0.
(b) For flanges of square
and rectangular slender-element sections of uniform thickb
E
:
ness with 1.40
t
f




0.38 E
E
be = 1.92t
1
b
(E7-18)
f
(b/t) f
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, March 9, 2005
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.

P1: GIG
GRBT055-E

AISC-Sample (LRFD)

Sect. E7.]

June 17, 2005

16:6

Char Count= 0

MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

16.1-43

where
f = Pn /Aeff
User Note: In lieu of calculating f = Pn /Aeff , which requires iteration, f
may be taken equal to Fy . This will result in a slightly conservative estimate
of column capacity.
(c) For axially-loaded circular sections:
E
E
D
When 0.11
< 0.45
<
Fy
t
Fy
Q = Qa =

2
0.038E
+
Fy (D/t) 3

where
D = outside diameter, in. (mm)
t = wall thickness, in. (mm)

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, March 9, 2005

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.

(E7-19)