Jamu Industrial Waste

Jamu (Herbal medicine) industry is one industry that produce a lot of wastewater.
Herbal industrial wastewater containing organic materials and hazardous substances such as
phenol and derivatives derived from medicinal plant raw materials used. The presence of
phenol and its derivatives in water bodies have a serious effect on the lives of
microorganisms despite the relatively low concentration (Kibret et al, 2000; Chung et al,
2003; Kumar et al, 2005).
PT Sido Muncul herbal industry in Semarang produce wastewater herbs with data
as follows: pH 4.94; COD levels of 3610 mg / l; BOD 990 mg / l; phenol 9.8; and TSS 549. It
is still very far from the threshold set by the government according to the Central Java
Provincial Regulation 10 of 2004, namely pH 6-9; COD concentration of 150 mg / l; BOD 75
mg / l; phenol 0.2; and TSS 75 so that in an effort to overcome the problems posed by
wastewater, the wastewater treatment process must be performed before the waste is
discharged into the water body. Wastewater generated by industrial activity, PT . Sido Muncul
has a hydraulic load of about 130 m3 / day, the flow time of about 18 hours starting from
06.00-24.00 hours pm with a peak flow of about 10 m3 / h
Until now the industrial waste processing herbal medicine made with chemicalphysical processes that with the addition of coagulant, aeration and sedimentation. Although
it can reduce the content of COD in waste, COD levels of waste out of the waste water
treatment unit is still quite high. Herbal liquid waste is organic waste with high COD which
can be treated biologically using activated sludge. Microbes found in activated sludge waste
can reduce COD levels by utilizing waste as a nutrient.
The bacteria used are mixed cultures or pure cultures. To obtain pure cultures of
bacteria will increase the costs. Due to economic considerations that it is used Activated
Sludge / activated sludge with a mixture of cultures. Data wastes are known COD = 3610
mg / l, so that the research we conducted anaerobically using activated sludge because if
COD content is high, its COD reduction would be more effective and efficient when done
anaerobically (Robert H. Perry, 1997)

Table 1. Average Wastewater Characteristics

Calculate Oxygen Demand

- Ozone as the oxidant

O3 + 6H+ + 6e- 3H2O
H2O O + 2H+ +2e----------------------------------------O3 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O + O ,

nO/nO3 = 1/1, n=1

- Hidroxyl Radical as the oxidant

OH- + H+ H2O
H2O O + 2H+ +2e----------------------------------------OH- O + H+ + 2e- , nO/nOH- = 1/1, n = 1
-HOCl as the oxidant
HOCl + H+ + 2e- Cl- + H2O
H2O O + 2H+ +2e----------------------------------------HOCl Cl- + O + H+
Using equation:

Oxygen demand=

2/n x MW/32 x COD

Oksidan ozone (O3)

COD= 3610 mg/l
Using Ozone (O3), Oxidant demand = 2/1 x 48/32 x 3610
= 10830 mg/l

Hydroxyl Radical(OH-)
COD = 3610 mg/l

Using Hydroxyl Radical(OH-), Oxidant demand = 2/1 x 17/32 x 3610

= 3835,625 mg/l
HOCl
COD = 3610 mg/l
Using HOCl, Oxidant demand = 2/1 x 52/32 x 3610 = 11732,5 mg/l

With that way, we can compare the oxidant that we need to treat
herbal medicine waste

Name
Jamu (Herbal
Medicine Waste)

Oxidant Alternatives
(mg/l)
OH
O3
HOCl
3835,6
108
11732,
25
30
5

Another consideration that we should take is about the price of

oxidant itself.

Oxidant
Hydroxcyl
Peroxide
Ozone
Hypoclorus Acid

Price Per Metric

Ton ($)
1200-2100
33600-72000 *
500-1200

* For Ozone, the price that is mentioned is the price of ozone

generator with concentration of 120 mg/l.

hydraulic load of about 130 m3 / day
= 130000 L/ day

Oxidant

Estimate volume
per day (mg)
(3835,625 mg/L) x

Hypoclorus Acid

130000 L/ day =
498631250 mg
10830 x 130000 L/
day = 1407900000
mg
11732,5 x 130000
L/ day =
1525225000 mg

Oxidant

Price Per Metric

Ton ($)

Hydroxcyl
Peroxide

Ozone

Hydroxcyl
Peroxide

Ozone

1200-2100

33600-72000 *

Estimate volume
per day (ton)

0.498631250
1.407900000
1.525225000

Estimate Cos per

day ($)

0.498631250 ton x
(1200-2100) =
(598.3575 1047.125625)
(1407900000 mg /
120 mg/L) x
130000 L/ day x
(33600-72000) /

109 = (512475610981620)

1.525225 ton x
(500-1200)
Hypoclorus Acid

500-1200

=(762.61251830.27)

By having the concentration and the price, we can see that the most
expensive is ozone, but the oxidant that can give better result is hydroxcyl
peroxide. The price of it is cheaper than ozone and hypoclorus acid. So,
we suggest to use hydroxcyl peroxide as the oxidant for herbal medicine
wastewater treatment.
Bibliography
1. http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=73161&val=4730
2.
https://www.academia.edu/3320682/Pengolahan_Limbah_Cair_Kadar_Cod_Dan_Fenol_Tin
ggi_Dengan_Proses_Anaerob_Dan_Pengaruh_Mikronutrient_Cu_Kasus_Limbah_Industri_Ja
mu_Tradisional
3. https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/read/2302951/pengolahan-limbah-cairkadar-cod-dan-fenol-tinggi-dengan-proses-anaerob-dan-pengaruh-mikronutrient-cukasus-limbah-industri-jamu#page-null

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