Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preface
Acknowledgements
vii
xi
1. Introduction
Objectives 1
1.1 Computers in Industrial Manufacturing 1
1.2 Design Process 2
1.3 Computer Aided Design (CAD) 13
1.4 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 14
1.5 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) 15
Summary 16
Questions 17
Part - I
2. CAD/CAM Hardware
Objectives 21
2.1 Basic Structure 21
2.2 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 22
2.3 Memory Types 25
2.4 Input Devices 28
2.5 Display Devices 32
2.6 Hard-Copy Devices 39
2.7 Storage Devices 41
2.8 Software 45
2.9 System Configuration 47
Summary 50
Questions 51
Problems 51
21
xiv
Contents
3. Computer Graphics
Objectives 53
3.1 Raster-Scan Graphics 53
3.2 Coordinate Systems 59
3.3 Database Structures for Graphic Modelling 61
3.4 Engineering Data Management (EDM) System 66
3.5 Transformation of Geometry 70
3.6 3D Transformations 77
3.7 Mathematics of Projection 78
3.8 Clipping 80
3.9 Hidden Line/Surface Removal 83
3.10 Colour 86
3.11 Shading 87
Summary 90
Questions 91
Problems 92
Part - II
53
4. Geometric Modelling
Objectives 97
4.1 Requirements of Geometric Modelling 97
4.2 Geometric Models 99
4.3 Geometric Construction Methods 102
4.4 Constraint-Based Modelling 113
4.5 Other Modelling Methods 116
4.6 Wireframe Modelling 118
4.7 Curve Representation 122
4.8 Surface-Representation Methods 139
4.9 Solid-Representation Methods 152
4.10 Modelling Facilities Desired 164
4.11 Rapid Prototyping (RP) 168
Summary 176
Questions 177
Problems 179
5. CAD Standards
Objectives 180
5.1 Standardisation in Graphics 180
5.2 Graphical Kernel System (GKS) 181
5.3 Other Graphic Standards 183
97
180
Contents
xv
198
219
231
Part - III
257
xvi
Contents
272
291
314
348
Contents
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
xvii
402
427
452
xviii Contents
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
Part - IV
515
522
557
Contents
xix
Summary 578
Questions 579
Part - V
20. Communications
Objectives 583
20.1 Communication Methods 583
20.2 Direct Numerical Control 587
20.3 Communication Standards 594
Summary 597
Questions 598
583
599
657
691
xx
Contents
713
731
735
751
754
758