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Indonesian of media
Journal and NPK fertilizer
of Agricultural Science on the 2006:
7(2), rooting 67-70
capacity ... 67
a
Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jalan Raya Ciherang, Segunung, Pacet, Cianjur 43252, Indonesia
b
Applied Plant Research, WUR – Kruisbroekweg 5, PO Box 8, 2670 AA Naaldwijk, The Netherlands
MATERIALS AND METHODS 25:7:7) were mixed with distillated water. Two fertilizer
concentrations tested was 1.75 and 2.5 g l -l.
The experiment was conducted at the Segunung
Experimental Station of the Indonesian Ornamental
Frequency of Fertilizer Application
Crops Research Institute from February to May 2005,
located at 1100 m above sea level (asl). Unrooted NPK solution was applied at four different applica-
chrysanthemum cuttings (6-7 cm long) of cv. Town tion frequencies, i.e. every 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and
Talk from the Saung Mirwan Nursery Co. Ltd. were 4 days. Half litre of the fertilizer solutions was applied
planted and arranged in 30 cm x 40 cm plastic boxes by pouring to the rooting media in each box.
with the density of 60 cuttings per box. In the first
three days, the boxes were covered with paper to
avoid excessive transpiration. During the rooting RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
process, long day condition was provided with 75
watt incandescent lamps cyclic lighting (20 minutes Analysis of variances of all factors studied such as
off followed by 10 minutes on) from 22.00 pm to 03.00 type of rooting media, fertilizer concentration, and
am. The lamp points were arranged 1 m above the frequency of fertilizer application revealed that no
planting boxes. interaction among the factors in all parameters ob-
The experiment was designed in a randomized served. Therefore, the effect of each individual factor
complete block with four replications. The treatments was then presented below.
evaluated were type of rooting media, fertilizer con-
centration, and frequency of fertilizer application. Effect of Different Media on the Rooting
After 16 days of rooting period, the rooting media Capacity
were removed and the rooting capacity and perform-
ances of the cuttings were recorded. Parameters Rooting media affected the rooting capacity and
evaluated were cutting height, cutting diameter, number performance of the cuttings at 16 days after planting.
of leaves, number of visible root, and root length. Chrysanthemum cuttings planted in the carbonized
rice husk produced better rooting capacity compared
Type of Rooting Media with those grown on vermiculite and vermiculite +
perlite mixture as indicated by higher number of
Rooting capacity of cuttings was observed under visible root (26.6 roots per cutting) and root length
four different rooting media, i.e. carbonized rice husk, (7.065 cm) (Table 1).
coco peat, perlite, and a mixture of perlite and The higher number of visible roots and longer roots
vermiculite (1:1 v/v). The media were pasteurized at of the cuttings grown on carbonized rice husk may be
80oC for 4 hours. After 24-hour cooling, 2.5 kg media attributed with its better water holding capacity and
was placed into a planting box. To facilitate the hu- drainage. Under such favorable condition, the plant
midity for the cuttings, 500 ml distillated water was was provided sufficient air and oxygen for cell respi-
sprayed to each planting box before the cuttings were ration during the rooting process (Frenck and Kim
planted. 1995). The moisture in smaller pores served not only
for metabolic activities but also provided sufficient
Fertilizer Concentration
humidity to avoid excessive transpiration (Karlsen
Three days after the cuttings were planted, the paper 1997) and destructive temperature fluctuation that
covers were removed. NPK fertilizers (a compound of may happen in the rhizosphere (Klapwijk 1987).
Table 1. Rooting capacity and performances of the chrysanthemum cuttings grown on four different rooting media, 16 days
after planting.
Values followed by different letters in the same column differ significantly at LSD 5%.
Effects of types of media and NPK fertilizer on the rooting capacity ... 69
Aside from water holding capacity and drainage, the with its root quality, i.e. longer root and more number
better root initiation and formation seemed to have of visible roots which capable to utilize more available
relation with darker environment provided by car- NPK from the root zones. In the contrary, the fre-
bonized rice husk. Compared to other treatment media, quency of fertilizer application did not significantly
black color of carbonized rice husk may contribute to increase the cutting performance in all parameters
darker rhizosphere environment. In this situation, the observed (Table 3), which means that application of
root promoter (e.g. auxin) may be translocated and NPK every 4 days of 2.5 g l -l is sufficient to provide
accumulated at the basal part of cuttings where root cutting quality during the rooting period of 16 days.
initials appear and these induce faster cell division The application of fertilizer solution into the
and differentiation for root formation (Moe 1988). rooting media must be at the right time where cuttings
have been rooted. This indicates the importance of
Effect of Fertilizer and Frequency of understanding on changes of physiological orientation
during root initiation and formation (Steiner 1980).
Application on the Rooting Capacity
The roots appear usually after 10 days (Borowski et
Fertilizer application significantly affected root quali- al. 1981) and therefore, nutrient absorpsion will be
ty of the cuttings as shown after 18 days of rooting more effective at this time.
process. Increase in NPK fertilizer concentration from This study implied that carbonized rice husk is the
1.75 to 2.5 g l -l significantly produced higher number choice for traditional chrysanthemum growers to
of visible roots and root length (Table 2). Other increase the performance and quality of the cut
parameters observed, i.e. cutting height, cutting flowers. The materials are abundance and chief which
diameter, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight, can be afforded by the growers. However, for better
did not significantly different. This means that for result the cuttings need to be fertilized with NPK (2.5
practical reason, chrysanthemum cuttings required g l -l) every 4 days during rooting period.
2.5 g NPK l-1 for better growth.
During the rooting process, photosynthates pro-
duced in the leaves were mobilized to serve activities CONCLUSION
for root development (Davis and Potter 1981). In this
stage, nutrient availability in root zones was very Carbonized rice husk was the best type of rooting
important for cutting growth (Buwalda et al. 1994). medium for chrysanthemum cutting which produced
Better cutting performances treated with higher con- better rooting capacity as indicated by higher number
centration of NPK fertilizer (2.5 g l-1) may be attributed of visible root (26.6 roots per cutting) and root length
Table 2. Quality performances of chrysanthemum cuttings treated with different concentrations of NPK compound (25:7:7)
during rooting process.
Values followed by different letters in the same column differ significantly at T-test 5%.
Table 3. Quality performances of chrysanthemum cuttings supplemented with NPK fertilizer in different application
frequencies during rooting process.
Values followed by different letters in the same column differ significantly at LSD 5%.
70 K. Budiarto et al.
(7.065 cm). Cuttings supplemented with NPK com- Grunewaldt, J. 1988. General aspects of genetics in plant
pound (25:7:7) at a concentration of 2.5 g l -l showed propagation. Acta Hort. 226: 277-282.
Horridge, J.S. and K.E. Cockshull. 1989. The effect of the timing
higher number of roots, shoot fresh weight, and longer
of a night-break on flower initiation in Chrysanthemum
roots compared to those supplemented with NPK 1.75 morifolium Ramat. J. Hort. Sci. 64(2): 183-188.
g l-1. The frequency of fertilizer application every one Indonesian Statistics Bureau. 2005. Indonesian Agriculture
or four days did not affected rooting capacity of Statistics. Yearly Report. Indonesian Statistics Bureau, Jakarta.
chrysanthemum cuttings. p. 67-75.
Karlsen, P. 1997. Root temperature and stem elongation. Acta
Hort. 435: 33-45.
Klapwijk, D. 1987. Effect of season on growth and develop-
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