Solar Electricity Conversion

Photovoltaics (PV) - grid-tied and off grid

PV produces electricity
works anywhere
no tracking required
electrochemical storage possible

PHOTOVOLTAIC
directly converts
sunlight into
electricity

Solar cell

Solar cell

Simple device which can

produce electricity when
exposed to sun

Studies related to solar cells :

1. Increasing the efficiency

2. Decreasing the cost
3. Increasing the lifetime

Photovoltaic energy conversion process requires

firstly, a material in which the absorption of light raises
an electron to a higher energy state,
secondly, the movement of this higher energy electron
from the solar cell into an external circuit.

A variety of materials and processes can potentially satisfy

the requirements but in practice nearly all photovoltaic
energy conversion uses semiconductor materials in the
form of a p-n junction.
p - n junction

Metal - insulator -semiconductor

Structural electrical
field

The basic steps in the operation of a solar cell are:

the generation of light-generated carriers;

the collection of the light-generated carries to generate a
current;
the generation of a large voltage across the solar cell;

Solar cell structure

n type doping

p type doping

The basic steps in the operation of a solar cell are:

the generation of light-generated carriers;
For photovoltaic devices, reflection and transmission are
typically considered loss mechanisms as photons which are
not absorbed do not generate power. If the photon is
absorbed it has the possibility of exciting an electron from
the valence band to the conduction band.
A key factor in determining if a photon is absorbed or
transmitted is the energy of the photon. Therefore, only if the
photon has enough energy will the electron be excited into
the conduction band from the valence band.

The basic steps in the operation of a solar cell are:

the generation of light-generated carriers;
Photons falling onto a semiconductor material can be divided
into three groups based on their energy compared to that of
the semiconductor band gap:
Eph < EG Photons with energy Eph less than the band gap
energy EG interact only weakly with the semiconductor,
passing through it as if it were transparent.
Eph = EG have just enough energy to create an electron hole
pair and are efficiently absorbed.
Eph > EG Photons with energy much greater than the band
gap are strongly absorbed. However, for photovoltaic
applications, the photon energy greater than the band gap is
wasted as electrons quickly thermalize back down to the
conduction band edges.

I-V KARAKTERST

I-V KARAKTERST

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

I-V KARAKTERST

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

I-V KARAKTERST

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

I-V Characteristics

R serial

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

R shunt

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

I-V KARAKTERST

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

 Serial Connection

Fotovoltaik Paneller

Bypass ve Blocking Diyotlar

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodes
http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Array.htm

PVCDROM

animasyon

Vmpp range change

Inverter selection

!!!!!

Vmpp range change

Inverter selection

!!!!!

MISMATCH EFFECTS

UYUMSUZLUK ETKLER

CATALOG READING
EVRC SUNNY BOY 3300

INPUT (DC)
Max. DC power (@ cos =1)

3820 W

Max. input voltage

500 V

MPP voltage range / rated input

voltage

200 V 400 V / 200 V

Min. input voltage / initial input

voltage

200 V / 250 V

Max. input current

20 A

Max. input current per string

16 A

Number of independent MPP inputs

1/3
/ strings per MPP input

OUTPUT (AC)
Rated output power (@ 230 V, 50 Hz)

3300 W

Max. apparent AC power

3600 VA

Nominal AC voltage / range

220 V, 230 V, 240 V / 180 V 265 V

AC power frequency / range

50 Hz, 60 Hz / -4.5 Hz ... +4.5 Hz

Rated power frequency / rated power voltage

50 Hz / 230 V

Max. output current

18 A

Power factor at rated power

Adjustable displacement factor

Feed-in phases / connection phases

1/1

PV MODUL E20-327

ELECTRICAL DATA
Nominal Power12 (Pnom)

327 W

Power Tolerance

+5/3%

Avg. Panel Efficiency

20.4%

Rated Voltage (Vmpp)

54.7 V

Rated Current (Impp)

5.98 A

Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc)

64.9 V

Short-Circuit Current (Isc)

6.46 A

Maximum System Voltage

Maximum Series Fuse

1000 V UL & 1000 V IEC

20 A

Power Temp Coef. (Pmpp)

0.38% / oC

Voltage Temp Coef. (Voc)

Current Temp Coef. (Isc)

176.6 mV / oC
3.5 mA / oC

OPERATING CONDITION AND MECHANICAL DATA

Temperature

40F to +185F ( 40C to +85C)

Wind: 50 psf, 2400 Pa, 245 kg/m front & back

Snow: 112 psf, 5400 Pa, 550kg/m front
Impact resistance
25 mm diameter hail at 23 m/s
Appearance
Class B
Solar Cells
96 Monocrystalline Maxeon Gen II Cells
Glass
High Transmission Tempered Anti- Reflective
Junction Box
IP-65 Rated
Connectors
MC4 Compatible
Frame
Class 2 silver anodized
Weight
41 lbs (18.6 kg)
Max load

INVERTER SUNNY BOY 3300

INPUT (DC)
Max. DC power (@ cos =1)

3820 W

Max. input voltage

500 V

MPP voltage range / rated input

voltage

200 V 400 V / 200 V

Min. input voltage / initial input

voltage

200 V / 250 V

Max. input current

20 A

Max. input current per string

16 A

Number of independent MPP inputs

1/3
/ strings per MPP input

MODULE AND INVERTER SELECTION

MODULE AND INVERTER SELECTION

MODULE AND INVERTER SELECTION

PVGIS

PVGIS

PVGIS

PVGIS