A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual

Example Problem 10.1

Given:

last modified: 28 July 2008

by: TBQ

An interior floor beam as shown in BGSCM Figure 10.8.1.1. The W16x26 beams are spaced 4'-0" O.C. and span 40
An interior floor beam as shown in BGSCM Figure 10.8.1.1. The W16x26 beams are spaced 4'-0" O.C. and span 4
The beams are simply supported. The 4" thick normal weight concrete slab has a 28-day compressive strength, f'c, o
The beams are simply supported. The 4" thick normal weight concrete slab has a 28-day compressive strength, f'c,
ksi. The studs are 1/2" diameter and have Fu = 65 ksi. The floor live load is taken as 50 psf and the floor dead load
ksi. The studs are 1/2" diameter and have Fu = 65 ksi. The floor live load is taken as 50 psf and the floor dead load
(including beam, slab, and other items) is 75 psf.
(including beam, slab, and other items) is 75 psf.
Stl Beams
Span
Spacing
Section

40 ft
4 ft
W16X26

Steel
Fy

A992
50 ksi

Conc. Slab
f'c

3.5 ksi
4 in

Slab t
1

0.85

Ec

3267 ksi

Studs
Fu
diam.
Asc

For a typical interior beam:

For a typical interior beam:
a) compute Ma / (Mn / ).
a) compute Ma / (Mn / ).
b) Determine the
number and layout of studs required for full composite action/
b) Determine the number and layout of studs required for full composite action/
c) Determine the Live Load only deflection.
c) Determine the Live Load only deflection.

Solution:
Beam Section Properties
Ag
7.68 in2
d
Ix
Part a)

15.7 in
301 in4

Compute bE
Left Side
Right Side
bE

2
2
4
48

ft
ft
ft
in

Locate PNA relative to top of slab

yPNA =
3.16 in
Good! PNA in Slab
Compute Moment Capacity
Ts
384 k

Compute Internal Moment

wD
300.0 plf

Cc

-384 k

wL

200.0 plf

10.51 in

wa

500.0 plf

336.2 ft-k
1.67

Ma

100.0 ft-k

arm
Mn

Mn /

201.3 ft-k
Ma / (Mn / )

Part b)

Compute Shear Capacity of a Stud

0.497 Good!

0.1963 in2

Loads

Floor
Wanted:

65 ksi
0.5 in

D
(psf)
75

L
(psf)
50

Conc., Qn
Stud, Qn
Qn

10.50 k/stud
12.76 k/stud
10.50 k/stud

Compute the Maximum Shear Force, V'

Conc.
571.2 k
Steel
384 k
V'
384 k
req'd # studs per half span:
36.58
req'd # studs for whole span:
73.16
Use:
74 studs
Single row spacing
Double row spacing

6.58 in. O.C.

13.33 in. O.C.

min spacing
max spacing

3.00 in
32.00 in

Use single line of studs, evenly spaced along entire span

Part c)

Compute Location of ENA relative to top of slab

Area
y
y*A
2
(in )
(in3)
(in)
Block
21.33
2.00
42.67
W16
7.68
11.85
91.01
Total
29.01
133.67
yena =
4.61
Compute ITR:
y relative to:

Block
W16
Total

Area
(in2)
21.33
7.68

Io
(in )
28.44
301
4

Compute Deflection
wL
200.0 plf
LL
0.453 in = L /
LL,allow = L /
Allow/Act

top of slab
(in)
2.00
11.85

ENA
(in)
-2.61
7.24

1060.1
360
0.340 Good!

y2*A
(in3)
145.03
402.86
ITR =

ITR
(in4)
173.47
703.86
877.34

d 4'-0" O.C. and span 40 ft.

ed 4'-0" O.C. and span 40 ft.
mpressive strength, f'c, of 3.5
ompressive strength, f'c, of 3.5
and the floor dead load
sf and the floor dead load

A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual

Example Problem 10.2
Given:

last modified: 28 July 2008

by: TBQ

A floor system similar to that shown in BGSCM Figure 10.1.1. The slab is 4" thick and is made from concrete with f'c
A floor system similar to that shown in BGSCM Figure 10.1.1. The slab is 4" thick and is made from concrete with f
3,000 psi. The floor beams span 50 ft and are spaced 5 ft apart. Assume that the beams are shored at third points
3,000 psi. The floor beams span 50 ft and are spaced 5 ft apart. Assume that the beams are shored at third points
during construction. The beams only have lateral support at shoring and the ends during the initial construction. The
during construction. The beams only have lateral support at shoring and the ends during the initial construction. Th
imposed floor dead load is 25 psf , the construction live load is 20 psf, and the occupancy floor live load is 50 psf.
imposed floor dead load is 25 psf , the construction live load is 20 psf, and the occupancy floor live load is 50 psf.
Consider studs of 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", and 7/8" diameter.
Consider studs of 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", and 7/8" diameter.

Bay
Span

50 ft

Beam Spacing

5 ft

Concrete:
weight
Slab t
f'c
Ec

Added Loads
Dead
Live
Cons. Live
Shored? Y
Wanted:

Solution:

25 psf
50 psf
20 psf

Modular Ratio
Use:

150 pcf
4.0 in
3000.0 psi

50

Stud Fu

65

3155.9 ksi
0.85
9.19
9.00

at third points

Select the lightest I-shaped section for the application considering both ASD and
Select the lightest I-shaped section for the application considering both ASD and
LRFD. Also determine the number and spacing of shear studs needed for full
LRFD. Also determine the number and spacing of shear studs needed for full
composite action.
composite action.

Limit State Summary

Best Sections:

ASD
W16X26

LRFD
W14X26

0.222
1.002
0.231
0.090
0.795
1.002

0.232
0.902
0.208
0.090
0.795
0.902

Current Section Results:

Flexural at Construction
Composite Flexural
Shear
Construction Deflection
LL Only Deflection
Maximum
Determine bE

L/8
(C-C)/2
bE:

Steel:
Stl Type A992
Fy

Left
(in)
75
30

Right
(in)
75
30

30

30

Beam Size W16X26

Beam Section Properties
As
7.68 in^2
Wt
26 plf
d
15.7 in

Total
(in)

60 in
<----- Change this value until the best solution is found!

J
Sx
Iy

0.262 in^4
38.4 in^3
9.59 in^4

Ix
bf
tf
tw
ry
Z

301.0
5.5
0.3
0.3
1.12
44.2

in^4
in
in
in
in
in^3

Cw
ho
rts
bf/2tf
h/tw

565
15.4 in
1.385 in
7.97
56.8

Compute the Beam Loads and Internal Forces

Slab Weight

50 psf

Loading during concrete pour

DL of beam
26 plf
Slab weight (LL)
250 plf
CLL
100 plf
ASD
w
376.0
Shear, V
9.40
Unshored Moment, M 117.50
Shored
8.70

LRFD
591.2
14.78
184.75
13.69

plf
k
ft-k
ft-k

Load after concrete pour

DL (bm+slab+extra)
LL

ASD
w
651
Shear, V
16.28
Moment, M 203.44

401 plf
250 plf

LRFD
881.2
22.03
275.38

Steel Beam Capacity w/o Composite Action During Construction

Solve for the moment capacity, Mcx
Y & LTB

Lp
Mp
Lr

FLB

Mr
Cb
Lb
Fcr
Mnx

pf
rf
kc
Mnx
Controlling Mnx

47.5
3.96
184.1667
134.47
11.21
112.00
1.14
16.67
20.46
65.5
7.97

in
ft
ft-k
in
ft
ft-k
ft
ksi
ft-k

9.15
24.08
0.53
184.2 ft-k
65.5 ft-k

Shored Span

Cb: Lateral support at ends only

Mmax
184.75 ft-k
Ma
138.56 ft-k
Mb
184.75 ft-k
Mc
138.56 ft-k
Cb
1.14

Capacity Check
ASD

384
2.51
2.95
0.74
10.60
4068.52

LRFD

Modifier

1.67

0.9

Mcx
Mrx
Mrx/Mcx

39.21
8.70
0.222

58.93
13.69
0.232

Composite Beam Capacity

Assume yna<ts
T=C=
a=
y(pna) = a/beta1 =
yna/ts
arm
Mn

16.67 ft

k
in
in measured from the top
... Assumption O.K.
in
in-k

plf
k
ft-k

Mn

339.04 ft-k

... USE THIS ONE

Assume ts<yna<ts+tf =
4.345 in
y(pna) =
3.80 in
Check Assumption
ts/y(pna)
1.05
y(pna)/(ts+tf)
0.87 ... Assumption N.G.
a
3.23 in (note: not all concrete is considered in compression!)

Cc
Cs
T
Total

Magnitude y
(k)
(in)
494.15
1.61
-55.08
3.90
-439.08
10.85
0.00

Assume ts+tf<yna =
-12.63
1.91
y(pna) =
1.91
Check Assumption
(ts+tf)/y(pna)
a
-10.74

Cc
Csf
Csw
Tw
Tf
Total

Solution

Capacity Check
ASD
Modifier
1.67
Mcx
203.02
Mrx
203.44
Mrx/Mcx
1.002

Moment
(ft-k)
89.97
0.46
258.07
0.00

... DO NOT USE.

4.35 in
in
in
in
2.27 ... Assumption N.G.
in

Magnitude y
(k)
(in)
-1642.53
-5.37
94.88
4.17
-30.43
3.13
0.00
10.63
-94.88
19.53
-1672.96

y(pna)
Mn

dist from
yna (in)
2.18
-0.10
-7.05

dist from
yna (in)
7.28
-2.26
-1.22
-8.72
-17.62

Moment
(ft-k)
-996.25
-17.88
3.09
0.00
139.28
-871.77

... DO NOT USE.

2.95 in
339.04 ft-k

LRFD
0.9
305.14
275.38
0.902

Shear Capacity
Capacity Check

p
r

59.2

Vn

117.75
G2-5

Equation

73.8

ASD

LRFD

Modifier

1.67

0.9

Vc
Vr
Vr/Vc

70.51
16.28
0.231

105.98
22.03
0.208

Shear Connectors
Design Load
.85f'cAc
AsFy

612 kips <- Max Concrete Force

384 kips <- Max Steel Force

Design for

384 kips

Connector
1/2" dia x 2"
5/8" dia x 2.1/2"
3/4" dia x 3"
7/8" dia x 3.1/2"

diameter
(in)
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875

Capacity
(k/stud)
9.36
14.63
21.06
28.67

Req'd #
Use
per bm per 1 bm
41.02
158
26.25
102
18.23
70
13.39
52

1 Row
2 Row
spacing
spacing
(in O.C.) (in O.C.)
3.80
7.59
5.88
11.76
8.57
17.14
11.54
23.08

Sum Qn
(k)
739.58
746.02
737.24
745.43

Deflection Calculation
Total Load Deflection during Construction
Deflection is based on Steel Beam properties only
L
16.67 ft
w
376.0 plf
TL defl
0.07 in <--- conservative approx for shored const.
L/240
0.833333 in
Actual/allowable
0.090 ... O.K.
LL Only Deflection under Composite Action
Compute the Elastic Transformed Section Properties
Transformed bE
Area
(in^2)
Concrete
26.67
Steel
7.68
CoverPL
0.00
34.35

6.67 in
y(top)
Ay
(in)
(in^3)
-2.00
-53.33
-11.85
-91.01
-19.70
0.00
-4.20
-144.34
yna
ITR

Io
(in^4)
35.56
301.00
0.00

y(na)
(in)
2.20
-7.65
-15.50

Ay^2
(in^4)
129.36
449.16
0.00

Ix
(in^4)
164.91
750.16
0.00
915.07

-4.20 in from the beam C.A.

915.07 in^4

Note at the "y" terms are computed relative to the centroidal axis of the stl section
distributed LL
Actual LL only defl
Allowable defl
Actual/allowable

250
1.32
1.667
0.795

plf
in
in = L/360
... O.K.

de from concrete with f'c =

ade from concrete with f'c =
e shored at third points
are shored at third points
e initial construction. The
he initial construction. The
or live load is 50 psf.
loor live load is 50 psf.

ASD and
h ASD and
r full
or full

ksi

ksi