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PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC

Baøi 1: LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC CÔ BAÛN

PHÖÔNG TRÌNH ÑIEÀU KIEÄN NGHIEÄM
sin u = a sinu = sinv (sinv = a)
a ≤1
u∈R ⇔ u = v + k2 π ∨ u = π − v + A 2 π; k, A ∈ Z
cosu = a cosu = cosv (cosv = a)
a ≤1
u∈R ⇔ u = ± v + k 2 π; k ∈ Z
tgu = a
tgu = tgv (tgv = a)
π a∈R
u ≠ + kπ ⇔ u = v + kπ
2
cotgu = a cotgu = cotgv (cotgv = a)
a∈R
u ≠ kπ ⇔ u = v + kπ

Baøi 1: Giaûi phöông trình:

3 π π
a. sin 2x = g. tg(3x + 2 ) = 3 vôùi - <x<
2 2 2
h. sin(2x − 1) = sin(x + 3)
b. (
cos 2x + 25 0 = −
2
2
) i. sin 3x = cos 2x
c. cot g(4x + 2 ) = − 3 j. tg(3x + 2 ) + cot g2x = 0
k. sin 4x + cos 5x = 0
d. (
tg x + 15 =
3
30
) l. 2 sin x + 2 sin 2x = 0
m. sin 2 2x + cos 2 3x = 1
sin (2x − 15 ) = 0 2
e. vôùi - 120 0 < x < 90 0 n. tg5x.tgx = 1
2
1 ⎛ 2π ⎞ 2⎛ x ⎞
f. cos(2x + 1) = vôùi - π < x < π o. sin 2 ⎜ 5x + ⎟ = cos ⎜ + π ⎟
2 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠

⎡ π ⎡ π
⎢ 2x = + k2 π ⎢x = + kπ
3 π 3 6
a. sin 2x = ⇔ sin 2x = sin ⇔ ⎢ ⇔⎢ k, A ∈ Z
2 3 ⎢ 2x = π − π + A 2 π ⎢x = π
+ Aπ
⎢⎣ 3 ⎢⎣ 3

(
b. cos 2 x + 25
0
)= −
2
2
( ) ( )
⎡ x = 55 0 + k180 0
⇔ cos 2x + 25 0 = − cos 45 0 = cos 180 0 − 45 0 ⇔ ⎢
⎣ x = −80 + A180
0 0

π ⎛ π⎞ π 1 π
c. cot g(4x + 2 ) = − 3 ⇔ cot g(4x + 2 ) = − cot g = cot g⎜ − ⎟ ⇔ x = − − + k
6 ⎝ 6⎠ 24 2 4

d. (
tg x + 15 0 =
3
3
) ( )
⇔ tg x + 15 0 = tg30 0 ⇔ x = 15 0 + k180 0

2 ⎡ x = 30 0 + k180 0
e. sin ( 2x − 15 ) = 0
⇔ sin ( 2x − 15 ) = sin 45 ⇔ ⎢
0 0

2 ⎣ x = 75 + A180
0 0

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⎪⎧ x = 30 + k180
0 0
⎧ k = 0 ⎪⎧ x = 75 0 + A180 0 ⎪⎧ A = −1; x = −105
0

⎨ ⇒⎨ ;
0 ⎨
⇒⎨ k, A ∈ Z
⎩⎪ −120 < x < 90 ⎩ x = 30 ⎩⎪ −120 < x < 90 ⎩⎪ A = 0; x = 75
0 0 0 0 0

Vaäy vôùi –1200 < x < 900 coù: x= 300, 750, -1050.
⎡ π−3
⎢ x= + kπ
1 π 6
f. cos ( 2x + 1 ) = ⇔ cos ( 2x + 1 ) = cos ⇔ ⎢
2 3 ⎢ x = −π − 3 + Aπ
⎢⎣ 6
⎧ π−3
⎧ π−3 ⎪ k=0 x=
⎪x = + kπ ⎪ 6
⎨ 6 ⇒⎨
⎪⎩ −π < x < π ⎪ k = −1 x = − ⎛ 5 π + 1 ⎞
⎪⎩ ⎜ 6 2⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎧ ⎛ π+3⎞
⎧ −π − 3 A=0 x = −⎜ ⎟
⎪x = + Aπ ⎪⎪ ⎝ 6 ⎠
⎨ 6 ⇒⎨
⎪⎩ −π < x < π ⎪A = 1 5π 1
x= −
⎪⎩ 6 2
π − 3 ⎛ 1 5π ⎞ ⎛ π + 3 ⎞ 5π 1
Vaäy vôùi -π < x < π coù: x = ;−⎜ + ⎟;−⎜ ⎟; −
6 ⎝2 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠ 6 2
g.
π π−6 π
tg ( 3x + 2 ) = 3 ⇔ tg ( 3x + 2 ) = tg ⇔x= +k
3 9 3
⎡ ⎛ 2π + 6 ⎞
⎢ k = −1 x = −⎜ ⎟
⎧ π−6 π ⎢ ⎝ 9 ⎠
⎪⎪ x = 9 + k 3 ⎢ π−6
⎨ ⇒ ⎢k = 0 x=
⎪− π < x < π ⎢ 9
⎪⎩ 2 2 ⎢ 4π − 6
⎢k = 1 x=
9
⎣
⎡ x = 4 + k2 π
h. sin ( 2x − 1 ) = sin ( x + 3 ) ⇔ ⎢ k, A ∈ Z
⎢x = π − 2 + A 2π
⎣ 3 3
⎡ π 2π
⎢ x= +k
⎛π ⎞ 10 5
i. sin 3x = cos 2x = sin ⎜ − 2x ⎟ ⇔ ⎢ k, A ∈ Z
⎝2 ⎠ ⎢ x = π + A2π
⎢⎣ 2
⎛π ⎞ π
j. tg(3x + 2 ) = − cot g2x = tg⎜ + 2x ⎟ ⇔ x = − 2 + kπ
⎝2 ⎠ 2
⎡ π
⎢ x = + k2 π
⎛π ⎞ 2
k. cos 5x = − sin 4x = cos ⎜ + 4x ⎟ ⇔ ⎢ k, A ∈ Z
⎝2 ⎠ ⎢ x = − π + A 2π
⎢⎣ 18 9
l. (
2 sin x + 2 sin 2x = 0 ⇔ 2 sin x 1 + 2 cos x = 0 )
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⎡ sin x = 0 ⎡ x = kπ
⎢ ⇔⎢ k, A ∈ Z
⎢ cos x = − 1 = cos 3 π
⇔
⎢ x = ± 3π + l2 π
⎢⎣ 2 4 ⎣ 4
m. sin 2 2x + cos 2 3x = 1 ⇔ cos 2 3x = 1 − sin 2 2x = cos 2 2x
⎡ x = kπ
1 + cos 6x 1 + cos 4x
⇔ = ⇔ cos 6x = cos 4x ⇔ ⎢ k, A ∈ Z
2 2 ⎢x = A π
⎣ 5
1 ⎛π ⎞ π π
n. tg5x.tgx = 1 ⇔ tg5x = = cot gx = tg⎜ − x ⎟ ⇔ x = +k
tgx ⎝2 ⎠ 12 6
⎛ 4π ⎞ x
1 − cos ⎜ 10x + ⎟ 1 + cos
⎛ 2 π ⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ x ⎝ 5 ⎠= 2
o. sin 2 ⎜ 5x + ⎟ = cos ⎜ 4 + π ⎟ = cos 4 ⇔
2 2

⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 2 2
⎡ 2π 4π
⎢ x= +k
x ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞ 105 21
⇔ cos = − cos ⎜ 10x + ⎟ = cos ⎜ − 10x ⎟ ⇔ ⎢
2 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ ⎢ x = 2 π − A 4π
⎢⎣ 95 19
Baøi 2: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:
a. ( ) (
sin 2x + 50 0 = cos x + 120 0 )
⎛ π⎞
b. tg⎜ x − ⎟ + cot gx = 0
⎝ 5⎠
c. ( )
cos 4x − 30 0 = cos 30 0
d. sin(x + 24 ) + sin(x + 144 ) = cos 20
0 0 0

e. cos 2x. cos x + sin x. cos 3x = sin 2x. sin x − sin 3x. cos x
f. ( ) ( )
cos 2 x − 30 0 − sin 2 x − 30 0 = sin x + 60 0 ( )
⎛ π⎞ x x
g. sin 4 x − sin 4 ⎜ x + ⎟ = 4 sin . cos . cos x
⎝ 2⎠ 2 2

( ) = cos(x + 120 ) = sin(− x − 30 ) ⇔ x = − 803

0
0 0 0
a. sin 2x + 50 + k120 0 ∨ x = 160 0 + A 360 0

⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞ 7π
b. tg⎜ x − ⎟ = − cot gx = tg⎜ + x ⎟ ⇔ 0x = + kπ voâ nghieäm
⎝ 5⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 10
c. ( )
cos 4x − 30 0 = cos 30 0 ⇔ x = 15 0 + k 90 0 ∨ x = k 90 0
d.

sin ( x + 24 0 ) + sin ( x + 144 0 ) = cos 20 0 ⇔ 2 sin ( x + 84 0 ) . cos 60 0 = cos 20 0 ⇔ sin ( x + 84 0 ) = cos 20 0

⇔ x = −14 0 + k360 0 ∨ x = 26 0 + A 360 0
e.

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cos 2x. cos x + sin x. cos 3x = sin 2x. sin x − sin 3x. cos x ⇔ cos 2x. cos x − sin 2x. sin x =
⎛π ⎞ π 2π π
− ( sin 3x. cos x + cos 3x. sin x ) ⇔ cos 3x = − sin 4x = cos ⎜ + 4x ⎟ ⇔ x = − + k ;x =- + n2π
⎝2 ⎠ 14 7 2
f.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
cos 2 x − 30 0 − sin 2 x − 30 0 = sin x + 60 0 ⇔ cos 2 x − 30 0 = sin x + 60 0 = cos 30 0 − x )
⇔ x = 30 0 + k120 0 ; x = 30 0 + k'360 0
⎛ π⎞
g. sin 4 ⎜ x + ⎟ = cos 4 x
⎝ 2⎠
4 4 x x
Baøi toaùn: sin x − cos x = − cos 2 x ;4 sin . cos . cos x = sin 2x
2 2
⎛π ⎞ 3π π
⇒ ycbt: - cos 2x = sin 2x ⇔ cos(π − 2x ) = cos⎜ − 2x ⎟ ⇒ x = +m m∈ R
⎝2 ⎠ 8 2

Baøi 3: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

a. 3 − 2 sin 2x = 0
b. (
cos 2 x − 30 0 = )3
4
c. tg3x.tgx = 1
⎛ π⎞
d. cot g2x. cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ = −1
⎝ 6⎠
⎛x π⎞
e. 2 sin⎜ + ⎟ = 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2π )
⎝3 4⎠
f. (2 sin x + 1)2 − (2 sin x + 1).⎛⎜ sin x − 3 ⎞⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠
3
g. 8 cos x − 1 = 0
h.
⎛ π⎞
(
sin⎜ x − ⎟. 2 cos x + 2 .tg2x = 0
4⎠
)
⎝
i. 4 sin x. cos x. cos 2x = 1
j. ( )
tg2x. sin x + 3 sin x − 3tg2x − 3 3 = 0
sin 2x
k. =0
1 + cos 2x
⎛ 3π ⎞
sin⎜ x + ⎟
cos 2x 4 ⎠
l. = ⎝
⎛ 3π ⎞ cos 2x
sin⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠

m.
⎛ tgx − 1
⎜⎜
⎞
(
+ cot g2x ⎟⎟ 3tgx − 3 = 0 ) 0<x<π
⎝ tgx + 1 ⎠

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1 ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞
n. tg 3 x − 1 + 2
− 3 cot g⎜ − x ⎟ = 3 ⎜ π < x < ⎟
cos x ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

3 π π π
a. sin 2x = = sin ⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = + Aπ k, A ∈ Z
2 3 6 3
b.
⎡
( 0
⎢cos x − 30 = )
2
3
= cos 30 0 ⎡x = 60 0 + k360 0 ∨ x = k360 0
⎢ ⇔⎢ 0 0 0 0
⎢
( 0
) 3
⎢⎣cos x − 30 = − 2 = cos 150
0 ⎢x = 180 + k360 ∨ x = −120 + k360
⎣

⇔ x = 60 0 + k360 0 ; x = k'180 0
π π
c. ÑK: x ≠ + k ⇔ x = 60 0 + k360 0 ; x = k180 0
6 3
1 ⎛π ⎞ π π
tg3x = = cot gx = tg⎜ − x ⎟ ⇔ x = + k
tgx ⎝2 ⎠ 8 4
⎛ π⎞ 1 ⎛π ⎞ π
d. cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ = − = − tg2x = cot g ⎜ + 2x ⎟ ⇒ x = - + k'π
⎝ 6⎠ cot g2x ⎝2 ⎠ 3
⎡ π
⎢ x = + k 6π
⎛x π⎞ 3 π 4
e. sin⎜ + ⎟ = = sin ⇔ ⎢
⎝3 4⎠ 2 3 ⎢x = 5π + k 6π
⎢⎣ 4
π 5π
Vôùi 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ⇒ x = ; x = :k =0
4 6
⎡ 1 ⎛ π⎞ ⎡ π
⎢ sin x = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎢ x = − + k2 π
5 2 ⎝ 6⎠⇔⎢ 6
f. ( 2 sin x + 1) ⎛⎜ sin x + ⎞⎟ = 0 ⇔ ⎢
⎝ 2⎠ ⎢ 5 ⎢ x = 7π + A2 π
⎢⎣ sin x = − 2 VN ⎢⎣ 6
1 1 π π
g. cos3 x = ⇔ cos x = = cos ⇒ x = ± + k 2π
8 2 3 3
π π
h. ÑK: x ≠ + k
4 2
⎡ ⎛ π⎞ ⎡ π
⎢sin⎜ x − ⎟ x = + kπ
4⎠ ⎢
⎢ ⎝ ⎢
4
⎢ 2 3π 3π
pt ⇔ ⎢cos x = − = cos ⇔ ⎢x = ± + l2π k, l, m ∈ Z
2 4 ⎢ 4
⎢ ⎢
⎢tg2x = 0 ⎢x = m
π
⎢ ⎣ 2
⎣

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π π
i. pt ⇔ 2 sin 2x. cos 2x = 1 ⇔ sin 4x = 1 ⇔ x = +k
8 2
π π
j. x ≠ +k
4 2
(
pt ⇔ tg2x(sin x − 3) + 3 (sin x − 3) = 0 ⇔ (sin x − 3) tg2x − 3 = 0 )
⎛ π⎞ π π
⇔ tg2x = − 3 = tg⎜ − ⎟ ⇔ x = − + k
⎝ 3⎠ 6 2
sin 2x 2 sin x cos x
k. =0⇔ = 0 ⇔ tgx = 0 ⇔ x = kπ
1 + cos 2x 2 cos 2 x
3π π π
l. x ≠ - + kπ ; x ≠ + k'
4 4 2
⎛ 3π ⎞
sin⎜ x + ⎟
cos 2x 4 ⎠ ⎛ 3π ⎞
= ⎝ ⇔ cos 2 2x = sin 2 ⎜ x + ⎟
⎛ 3π ⎞ cos 2x ⎝ 4 ⎠
sin⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎡ π
1 − cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟ ⎢ x = + mπ
1 + cos 4x ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎛ π⎞ 4 π π
⇔ = ⇔ cos 4x = cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ ⇔ ⎢ ⇒x=− +m
2 2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎢x = − π + m π 12 3
⎢⎣ 12 3

m.
⎛ tgx − 1
⎜⎜ (
⎞
)
+ cot g2x ⎟⎟ 3tgx − 3 = 0 0<x<π
⎝ tgx + 1 ⎠
⎡ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
⎡ tgx − 1 ⎢ tg ⎜ − x ⎟ = − cot g2x = tg ⎜ + 2x ⎟
⎢ + cot g2x = 0 ⎝4 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⇔ ⎢ tgx + 1 ⇔⎢
⎢ 3 π
⎣⎢ 3tgx − 3 = 0 ⎢ tgx = = tg
⎣ 3 6
⎡ π π
⎢x = 4 + k 3 ⎡ π 7π
⎢ ⎢ x = ;x =
π 4 12
⇔ ⎢ x = + kπ ⇔ ⎢
⎢ 6 ⎢ x = π ; x = 11π
⎢
⎢0 < x < π ⎣⎢ 6 12
⎢⎣
1 ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞
n. tg 3 x − 1 + − 3 cot g⎜ − x ⎟ = 3 ⎜ π < x < ⎟
cos 2 x ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
( )
⇔ tg 2 x(tgx + 1) − 3(tgx + 1) = 0 ⇔ (tgx − 1) tg 2 x − 3 = 0
⎡ ⎛ π⎞
⎢tgx = −1 = tg⎜ − 4 ⎟ 4π 3π
⎝ ⎠
⇔⎢ ⇔x= ; k = 1 vì π < x <
⎢ ⎛ π⎞ 3 2
⎢ tgx = ± 3 = tg ⎜ ± ⎟
⎣ ⎝ 3⎠

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PHÖÔNG TRÌNH BAÄC NHAÁT Sinx, Cosx

Daïng a.sinx + b.cosx = c (1); a, b ≠ 0; a, b, c ∈ R.

2 2 2
Ñeå phöông trình (1) coù nghieäm ⇔ a + b ≥ c
Chia 2 veá cuûa (1) cho a 2 + b 2 ta ñöôïc:
a b c
. sin x + . cos x = (2)
2 2 2 2 2 2
a +b a +b a +b
a ⎫
= cos ϕ⎪
a2 + b2 ⎪ c
Ñaët: ⎬ ⇒ (2) ⇔ sin(x + ϕ ) = 2
b a + b2
= sin ϕ ⎪
a2 + b2 ⎪⎭

Baøi 1: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

a. 2 cos x − 2 = 0 f. 5 cos 2x − 12 sin 2x = 13
b. 3tg2x − 3 = 0 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 3 2
g. 2 sin⎜ x + ⎟ + sin⎜ x − ⎟ =
c. 3 sin x + 4 cos x = 5 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2
d. 2 sin x − 2 cos x = 2 ⎛ π⎞
h. 3 cos 2x + sin 2x + 2 sin⎜ 2x − ⎟ = 2 2
1 ⎝ 6⎠
e. sin 2x + sin 2 x =
2

2 π π
a. 2 cos x − 2 = 0 ⇔ cos x = = cos ⇔ x = ± + k 2π, k ∈ Z
2 4 4
π π π
b. 3tg2x − 3 = 0 ⇔ tg2x = 3 = tg ⇔ x = + k ; k ∈ Z
3 6 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
c. Ta coù: a + b ≥ c ⇔ 3 + 4 ≥ 5 . Chia 2 veá phöông trình cho 5, ta ñöôïc:
3 4
sin x + cos x = 1 ⇔ cos α. sin x + sin α. cos x = 1
5 5
⎧ 3
⎪⎪ cos α =
π 5
⇔ sin(x + α ) = 1 ⇔ x = − α + k 2π vôùi ⎨
2 ⎪sin α = 4
⎪⎩ 5
d. Töông töï chia caû hai veá cho 2 2 ta ñöôïc:
⎡ 5π
⎢ x= + k2 π
1 1 1 ⎛ π⎞ 1 π 12
sin x − cos x = ⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin ⇔ ⎢
2 2 2 ⎝ 4⎠ 2 6 ⎢ x = 13 π + A 2 π
⎢⎣ 12

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1 1 − cos 2x 1 1
e. sin 2x + sin 2 x = ⇔ sin 2x + = ⇔ tg2x =
2 2 2 2
α π ⎛ 1⎞
⇔ tg2x = tgα ⇔ x = + k ; k ∈ Z ⎜ tgα = ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2⎠
5 12
f. 5 cos 2x − 12 sin 2x = 13 ⇔ cos 2x − sin 2x = 1
13 13
⎧ 5
⎪⎪ cos α =
α 13
⇔ cos(2x + α ) = 1 ⇔ x = − + kπ vôùi ⎨
2 ⎪sin α = 12
⎪⎩ 13
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
g. sin⎜ x + ⎟ = cos⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠

⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 3 2 ⎛ 2 ⎛ π ⎞⎞ 1 ⎛ π⎞ 3 2
pt ⇔ 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ + sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = ⇔ 5⎜ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎟ + . sin ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎝ 5 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎠ 5 ⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎛ π ⎞ 3 2 π 2 1 ⎛ π⎞ 3 2
⇔ cos ⎜ x − − ϕ ⎟ = ⇔ x = + ϕ ± α + k2 π .Vôùi cos ϕ = ; sin ϕ = ⎜ 0 < ϕ < 2 ⎟ ; cos α =
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2 5 4 5 5 ⎝ ⎠ 2 5

⎛ π⎞ π π 3 1
h. sin⎜ 2x − ⎟ = sin 2x. cos − sin . cos 2x = sin 2x − cos 2x
⎝ 6⎠ 6 6 2 2
( ) ( )
pt ⇔ 3 − 1 cos 2x + 3 + 1 sin 2x = 2 2 ⇔ 2 2 cos(2x − ϕ ) = 2 2
ϕ 3 −1 3 +1 π
⇔x= + kπ vôùi cos ϕ = ; sin ϕ = ;0 < ϕ <
2 2 2 2 2 2

Baøi 2: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
a. 8 sin x. sin 2x + 6 sin⎜ x + ⎟. cos⎜ − 2x ⎟ = 5 + 7 cos x
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4 ⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
b. 2 3 sin⎜ x − ⎟. cos⎜ x − ⎟ + 2 cos 2 ⎜ x − ⎟ = 3
⎝ 8⎠ ⎝ 8⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
c. 1 + sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
2
d. 3 cos x − 4 sin x + =3
3 cos x − 4 sin x − 6

a.
⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞ 1⎡ ⎛ π π ⎞ ⎛ π π ⎞⎤
sin⎜ x + ⎟. cos⎜ − 2x ⎟ = ⎢sin⎜ x + − + 2x ⎟ + sin⎜ x + + − 2x ⎟⎥
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ 2⎣ ⎝ 4 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 4 ⎠⎦
1 1
=
2
[ sin 3x + cos x ] ; sin x. sin 2x = [ cos x − cos 3x ]
2

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pt ⇔ 4 ( cos x − cos 3x ) + 3 ( sin 3x + cos x ) = 5 + 7 cos x

π ϕ 2π
⇔ −4 cos 3x + 3 sin 3x = 5 ⇔ cos ( 3x + ϕ ) = −1 ⇒ x = − +k
3 3 3
4 3
Vôùi cos ϕ = ; sin ϕ =
5 5
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
b. pt ⇔ 3 sin⎜ 2x − ⎟ + 1 + cos⎜ 2x − ⎟ = 3
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
3 sin⎜ 2x − ⎟ + cos⎜ 2x − ⎟ = 3 − 1
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
Laøm töông töï caâu a.
c. pt ⇔ 1 + sin x + cos x(1 + sin x ) = 0 ⇔ (1 + sin x )(1 + cos x ) = 0
⎡ π
⎡ sin x = −1 ⎢ x = − + k2 π
⇔⎢ ⇔ 2 k, A ∈ Z
⎣ cos x = −1 ⎢
⎣ x = π + A2π
d. Ñaët t = 3 cos x − 4 sin x − 6 t≠0
2
pt ⇔ t + 6 + = 3 ⇔ t 2 + 3t + 2 = 0
t
⎧ t = −1 ⎧3 cos x − 4 sin x − 6 = −1 ⎧3 cos x − 4 sin x = 5
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩ t = −2 ⎩3 cos x − 4 sin x − 6 = −2 ⎩3 cos x − 4 sin x = 4

PHÖÔNG TRÌNH BAÄC HAI Cosx, Sinx ÑAÚNG CAÁP

2
Daïng 1: a sin x + b sin x cos x + c cos x = 0
2
(ac ≠ 0 )
⎛ 1 − cos 2x ⎞ b ⎛ 1 + cos 2x ⎞
Caùch 1: pt ⇔ a⎜ ⎟ + sin 2x + c⎜ ⎟=0
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ b. sin 2x + (c − a ). cos 2x + a + c = 0 (Giaûi nhö baøi 2)
π
Caùch 2: Cho cos x = 0 ⇔ x = + kπ(k ∈ Z ) coù laø nghieäm khoâng.
2
2
Chia caû 2 veá cho cos x ≠ 0 . pt ⇔ atg x + b.tgx + c = 0
Ñaët t = tgx.

Daïng 2: a sin 2 x + b sin x cos x + c cos 2 x = d (d ≠ 0 )

⇔ (a − d )sin 2 x + b sin x cos x + (c − d ) cos 2 x = 0 (Giaûi nhö treân)

Baøi 1: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

a. 2 cos 2 x − 3 cos x + 1 = 0
b. cos 2 x + sin x + 1 = 0
c. ( )
3 sin 2 x + 8 sin x cos x + 8 3 − 9 cos 2 x = 0

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d. 4 sin 2 x + 3 3 sin 2x − 2 cos2 x = 4

1
e. sin 2 x + sin 2x − 2 cos 2 x =
2
f. ( ) (
2 sin x + 3 + 3 sin x cos x + 3 − 1 cos 2 x = −1
2
)
g. ( )
4 cos 2 x − 2 3 − 1 cos x + 3 = 0
h. cot g 2 x − 4 cot gx + 3 = 0
3
i. sin 2 2x − 2 cos 2 x + = 0
4
j. tg 4 x − 4tg 2 x + 3 = 0

a. 2 cos 2 x − 3 cos x + 1 = 0 (1)

Ñaët t = cosx vaø t ≤ 1
⎡t = 1 ⎡cos x = 1 ⎡x = k 2π
(1) ⇔ 2t − 3t + 1 = 0 ⇔ ⎢ 1 ⇔ ⎢
2
1 π⇔⎢ π k, l ∈ Z
⎢t = ⎢cos x = = cos ⎢ x = ± + l2π
⎣ 2 ⎣ 2 3 ⎣ 3
b. cos 2 x + sin x + 1 = 0 ⇔ 1 - sin 2 x + sinx + 1 = 0 (2)
Ñaët t = sinx vaø t ≤ 1
π
(2) ⇔ −t 2 + t + 2 = 0 ⇔ t = −1 ⇔ sin x = −1 ⇔ x = − + k 2π; k ∈ Z
2
c. cosx = 0 khoâng laø nghieäm phöông trình.
2 2
Chia hai veá phöông trình cho cos x ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc: 3tg x + 8tgx + 8 3 − 9 = 0
2
Ñaët t = tgx thì (1) ⇔ 3t + 8t + 8 3 − 9 = 0 coù Δ = 4 − 3 3 ( )2

⎡ 3 3 −8
⎡ 3 3 −8 ⎢ tgx = = tgα ⎡ x = α + kπ
⎢ t= 3
⇔ 3 ⇔⎢ ⇔⎢ π k, l ∈ Z
⎢ ⎢ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎢ x = − + lπ
⎢⎣t = − 3 ⎢tgx = − 3 = tg⎜⎝ − 3 ⎟⎠ ⎣ 3
⎣
d. (
4 sin 2 x + 3 3 sin 2x − 2 cos 2 x = 4 sin 2 x + cos 2 x )
⎡ cos x = 0
⎡ cos x = 0
⇔ 3 sin x. cos x = cos x ⇔ ⎢ 2
⇔⎢
⎢ tgx = 1 = tg π
⎣ 3 sin x = cos x 3 6
⎣⎢
π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = + Aπ k, A ∈ Z
2 6
1
e. sin 2 x + sin 2x − 2 cos 2 x = ⇔ sin 2 x + 4 sin x. cos x − 5 cos 2 x = 0
2
cosx = 0 khoâng laø nghieäm phöông trình.
2 2
Chia caû 2 veá cho cos x ≠ 0 . Phöông trình cho ⇔ tg x + 4tgx − 5 = 0

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⎡ π ⎡ π
⎧ t = tgx ⎡t = 1 tgx = 1 = tg x = + kπ
⇔⎨ 2 ⇔⎢ ⇔⎢ 4 ⇔⎢ 4
⎩ t + 4t − 5 = 0 ⎣ t = −5 ⎢ ⎢
⎣ tgx = −5 = tgα ⎣ x = α + Aπ
f. ( ) ( )
2 sin 2 x + 3 + 3 sin x cos x + 3 − 1 cos 2 x = −1
( )
3 sin 2 x + 3 + 3 sin x cos x + 3 cos 2 x = 0
cosx = 0 khoâng laø nghieäm.
2 2
Chia caû hai veá cho cos x ≠ 0 . Pt cho ⇔ 3tg x + 3 + ( )
3 tgx + 3 = 0
⎡ t = −1
⎧t = tgx
⇔⎨ 2 ⇔⎢
(
⎩3t + 3 + 3 t + 3 = 0) ⎢t = − 3
⎢⎣ 3
⎡ ⎛ π⎞ ⎡ π
⎢ tgx = − 1 = tg⎜− ⎟ x = − + kπ
⎝ 4⎠ ⎢ 4
⇔⎢ ⇔⎢
⎢
tgx = −
3
= tg
⎛ π⎞
− ⎢ x = − π + lπ
⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎣
⎣ 3 ⎝ 6⎠ 6
⎧ 1 ⎧ π
⎧⎪t = cos x, t ≤ 1 ⎪⎪cos x = 2 ⎪⎪ x = ±
3
+ k 2π
g. ⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
( )
⎪⎩4t − 2 3 + 1 t + 3 = 0 coù Δ' = ( 3 −1
2
) ⎪cos x = 3 ⎪x = ± π + l 2 π
⎪⎩
⎪⎩ 2 6
⎧ π
⎧ t = cot gx, x ≠ kπ ⎧ cot gx = 1 ⎪ x = + kπ
h. ⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 4 ?.
⎩ t − 4t + 3 = 0 ⎩ cot gx = 3 ⎪ x = α + Aπ ( cot gα = 3 )
⎩
3
i. pt cho ⇔ cos2 2x + cos 2x − = 0 (haï baäc)
4
⎧t = cos 2x, t ≤ 1
⎪ 1 π π
⇔⎨ 2 3 ⇔ cos 2x = = cos ⇔ x = ± + kπ
⎪t + t − = 0 2 3 6
⎩ 4
⎧ π
⎧ π ⎪ x = ± + kπ
⎪ t = tg x, t ≥ 0, x ≠ + kπ ⎪⎧ tg x = 1
2 2
⎪ 4
j. ⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ 2 ⇔⎨
⎪ t 2 − 4t + 3 = 0 ⎪⎩ tg x = 3 ⎪ x = ± π + Aπ
⎩ ⎪⎩ 3

Baøi 2: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞ 5
a. cos 2⎜ x + ⎟ + 4 cos⎜ − x ⎟ =
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝6 ⎠ 2
x ⎛ 5π ⎞ 7 1
b. 2 cos 2x + cos 2 − 10 cos⎜ − x ⎟ + = cos x
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
c. cos 5x. cos x = cos 4x. cos 2x + 3 cos 2 x + 1

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⎛ 1 − tg 2 x ⎞
d. cos 4x − 3⎜⎜ 2 ⎟
⎟+2=0
⎝ 1 + tg x ⎠

⎛π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
a. cos ⎜ − x ⎟ = sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ; cos 2 ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1 − 2 sin 2 ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝6 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 3
pt ⇔ 2 sin 2 ⎜ x + ⎟ − 4 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ + = 0
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 2
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ π
⎪⎪ t = sin ⎜ x + 3 ⎟ , t ≤ 1 π⎞ 1 π ⎪ x = − + k2 π
⎝ ⎠ ⎛ ⎪ 6
⇔⎨ ⇔ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin ⇔ ⎨
⎪ 2t 2 − 4t + 3 = 0 ⎝ 3 ⎠ 2 6 π
⎪ x = + A2 π
⎪⎩ 2 ⎪⎩ 2
x 1 + cos x ⎛ 5π ⎞
b. cos 2 = ; cos⎜ − x ⎟ = sin x; cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin 2 x
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎡ π
⎢ x = + k2 π
1 π 6
pt ⇔ 2 sin 2 x + 5 sin x − 3 = 0 ⇔ sin x = = sin ⇔ ⎢
2 6 ⎢ x = 5π + A2 π
⎢⎣ 2
1 1 3
c. pt ⇔ ( cos 4x + cos 6x ) = ( cos 2x + cos 6x ) + ( 1 + cos 2x ) + 1 ⇔ cos 4x - 4cos2x - 5 = 0
2 2 2
π
⇔ cos 2 2x − 2 cos 2x − 3 = 0 ⇔ cos 2x = −1 ⇔ x = + kπ
2
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪ x ≠ + kπ ⎪x ≠ + kπ, t = cos 2x, t ≤ 1
d. pt ⇔ ⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 4x − 3 cos 2x + 2 = 0 ⎪2 cos 2 2x − 3 cos 2x + 1 = 0
⎩
⎡ cos 2x = 1 ⎡ x = kπ ⎡ x = lπ
⇔ ⎢ ⇔ ⎢ ⇔⎢
⎢ cos 2x = 1 ⎢ x = ± π + Aπ ⎢ x = ± π + kπ
⎣ 2 ⎣ 6 ⎣ 6

PHÖÔNG TRÌNH ÑOÁI XÖÙNG

Daïng: a(sinx + cosx) + b.sinx.cosx = c
⎧t ≤ 2
⎛ π⎞ ⎪
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos⎜ x − ⎟ ⇒ ⎨ 2
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎪sin x. cos x = t − 1
⎩ 2
⎧⎪bt 2 + 2at − (b + 2c ) = 0
Pt cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩ t ≤ 2

Baøi 1: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

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a. 3(sin x + cos x ) + 2 sin 2x + 3 = 0 (1)

b. sin x − cos x + 4 sin x cos x + 1 = 0 (2)
c. sin 2x − 12(sin x − cos x ) + 12 = 0 (3)
d. cos 3 x + sin 3 x = 1 (4)

a. 3(sin x + cos x ) + 2 sin 2x + 3 = 0 (1)

⎛ π⎞ 2
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos⎜ x − ⎟ ⇒ sin 2x = t − 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎡ ⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
⎧⎪ 3t + 2 ( t 2 − 1 ) + 3 = 0 ⎡t = 1 ⎢ cos ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ = − = cos
4
⎝ ⎠ 2
(1) ⇔ ⎨ ⇔⎢ 1 ⇔⎢
⎪⎩ t ≤ 2 ⎢t = − ⎢ ⎛ π⎞ 1
⎣ 2 ⎢ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = cos α
⎣ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 2
⎡ π
⎢ x = π + k2 π ∨ x = − 2 + A 2 π
⇔⎢
⎢ x = π ± α + m2 π vôùi cos α = − 1
⎢⎣ 4 2 2
b. sin x − cos x + 4 sin x cos x + 1 = 0 (2)
⎛ π⎞ t2 −1
Ñaët t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin⎜ x − ⎟ ⇒ sin x cos x =
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎧ ⎛1− t2 ⎞
⎪t + 4⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 1 = 0 ⎛ π⎞ 1 ⎛ π⎞
(2) ⇔ ⎨ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⇔ t = −1 ⇔ sin⎜ x − ⎟ = − = sin⎜ − ⎟
⎪ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎝ 4⎠
⎩t ≤ 2
3π
⇔ x = k2 π ∨ x = + A 2 π; k, A ∈ Z
2
c. sin 2x − 12(sin x − cos x ) + 12 = 0 (3)
⎛ π⎞ 2
Ñaët t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin⎜ x − ⎟ ⇒ sin 2x = 1 − t
⎝ 4⎠

(3) ⇔ ⎨
( )
⎧⎪ 1 − t 2 − 12 t + 12 = 0 ⎛ π⎞ 1
⇔ t = 1 ⇔ sin⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin
π
⎪⎩ t ≤ 2 ⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π
⇔ x = + k 2 π ∨ x = π + l2 π k , l ∈ Z
2
d. cos x + sin 3 x = (sin x + cos x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = 1 (4)
3

⎛ π⎞ t2 −1
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos⎜ x − ⎟ ⇒ sin x cos x =
⎝ 4⎠ 2

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⎡ π
⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 1 π x = + k2 π
(4) ⇔ t ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = 1 ⇔ ( t − 1 ) ( t + t − 2 ) = 0 ⇔ t = 1 ⇔ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = = cos ⇔ ⎢
2
2
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 4 ⎢
⎣ x = l2 π

Baøi 2: Giaûi caùc phöông trình:

a. sin 2x − 3 3 ( sin x + cos x ) + 5 = 0
b. (1 − 2 )(1 + sin x − cos x ) = sin 2x
c. cos x − sin x + 3 sin 2x − 1 = 0
d. ( )
(sin x − cos x )2 − 2 + 1 (sin x − cos x ) + 2 = 0
e. 2 sin 2x − 3 6 sin x + cos x + 8 = 0
⎛ π⎞
f. sin 2x + 2 sin⎜ x − ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠

⎛ π⎞
a. Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ; t ≤ 2 ⇒ sin 2x = t 2 − 1
⎝ 4⎠
pt ⇔ t − 1 − 3 3t + 5 = 0 ⇔ t − 3 3t + 4 = 0 Hoïc sinh töï giaûi.
2 2

⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin⎜ x − ⎟ ⎧⎪sin 2x = 1 − t 2 ; t ≤ 2
b. pt ⇔ ⎨ ⎝ 4⎠ ⇔ ⎨
( )
⎪t 2 + 1 − 2 t − 2 = 0
⎩
⎪⎩t = −1 ∨ t = 2

⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎡ 3π
⎪ sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ = sin ⎜ − 4 ⎟ ⎢ x= + k2 π
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 2
⇔⎨ ⇔⎢
⎪ sin ⎛ x − π ⎞ = 1 ⎢ x = A 2 π ; x = 3π + n2π
⎪⎩ ⎝ ⎜ 4⎠⎟ ⎢⎣ 4
c,d töông töï caâu b.
⎛ π⎞
e. Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin⎜ x + ⎟ ;0 ≤ t ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎡ ⎛ π⎞
2 ⎢sin⎜ x + ⎟ = sin α
⎧⎪2t − 3 6t + 6 = 0 ⎛ π ⎞ 3 3 − 2 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠
pt ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ sin⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔⎢
⎪⎩0 ≤ t ≤ 2 ⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎢ ⎛ π⎞
⎢sin⎜ x + ⎟ = sin(− α )
⎣ ⎝ 4⎠
3 3−2 2
Vôùi sin α =
4

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