Digital Logic Gates

I. Objectives
To investigate the logic behaviour of various IC gates
To differentiate the function of each IC
II. Materials
Integrated circuits : IC 7400, IC 7402, IC 7404, IC 7408, IC
7432, IC7486
Breadboard
2 Switches
LEDs
Connecting wires
Battery and battery snap
III.Procedures
1. Place the ICs on the breadboard.
2. Connect each pin 14 of each IC to the supply and pin 7 to the
ground.
3. Connect one LED to every output of each IC.
4. Connect one terminal of each switch to the supply and one
terminal to the
ground.
5. Connect the input terminal of the switch/es to the input
terminals of an
integrated circuit.
6. Connect the circuit to a battery.
IV. Results and Discussion

The circuit is assembled as shown above. The ICs are

arranged in an ascending order starting from IC 7400- IC 7486
(from left to right). Each LED is connected to the respective
output pin of the IC and to the ground.
The input terminal of the switch connected to the supply
corresponds to
1 which means the input is high and the switch is on.
However, the
terminal connected to the ground corresponds to 0 which
means that the
input is low and the switch is off. The output may also be
represented in
the same matter (1- on or high; 0-off or low).

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.2

Fi
gure 1.4

The figures above show the switching on and off condition of

the LED in an IC7400 through the switches. The switches are
connected to the input
pins, pins 1 and 2, and the LED to the pin 3 of the IC 7400.

Table 1- IC 7400 Truth Table

Input of Switch 1
Input of Switch 2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
* 1 switch in on ; 0- switch is off

Output
0
1
1
1

The Table 1 shows the truth table of the IC 7400. It

shows that when both input is 1 (high), will have an output of
0 (low), which means that the LED light is off. On the other
hand, if one input is 0 and the other is 1, the LED lights on. If
both input is 0, there will be an output of 1.

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

The figures shows the on and off condition of an IC 7402.

The input
terminal of the switches are connected to pins 2 and 3, while
the LED is

connected to pin 1 and to the ground. The table below show the
on and off
state of the circuit.
Table 2- IC 7400 Truth Table
Input of Switch 1
Input of Switch 2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
* 1 switch is on ; 0- switch is off

Output
0
0
0
1

For the IC 7402, the LED only lights on when both

input is low, 0 as shown in Table 2.

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Table 3- IC 7404 Truth Table

Input of the Switch
Output
1
0
0
1
* 1 switch is on; 0- switch is off
For the IC 7404 only one switch is used, which is connected
to pin 1, likewise the LED is connected to pin 2. The LED lights on
when the input is low (0) and lights off when the input is high (1).

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Table 4- Truth Table of IC 7408

Input of Switch 1
Input of Switch 2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
* 1 switch is on ; 0- switch is off

Output
1
0
0
0

The switches are connected to the pins 1 and 2, followed by

the LED in pin 3 OF IC 7408. High inputs of the switch will result

to a high output. The LED will only turn on when both input is high
, as shown in Table 4.

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Table 5- Truth Table of IC 7432

Input of Switch 1
Input of Switch 2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
* 1 switch is on ; 0- switch is off

Output
1
1
1
0

The output pin 3 contains the LED and inputs of the switches
are in pins 1 and 2. The LED only lights off when both input is 0
(see Table 5).

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

The figures above shows that when one switch is on and the
other switch is off, the LED lights on. However if both inputs are 0
or 1 the LED lights off. The lights on and off of the LED with the
use of IC 7486 is in the table shown below.
Table 6- Truth Table of IC 7486
Input of Switch 1
Input of Switch 2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
* 1 switch is on ; 0- switch is off

Output
0
1
1
0

V. Conclusion
The function and behaviour of each IC varies from one IC to
the other. For most ICs which uses two switches, the output
depends on the arrangement of the two input of the switch.
The switching on and off of the switch indicates an input of
either high (1) or low(0). With the use of the truth table the
behaviour of each IC can be observed; 1 or True (T) for high
input or output and 0 or False(F) for low input or output.
The IC 7400 is a NAND logic gate. It is a negative-AND gate
which only produces a low output when both inputs are high.
The IC 7402 is a quad 2-input negative-OR logic gate or a
NOR gate, which will only have an output of high when both
inputs are low.
IC 7404 is a NOT logic gate. It functions as an inverter which
produces an output opposite to its inputs.
The IC 7408 is a quad 2-input AND logic gate. It will only
produce a high output when both inputs are high.
The IC 7432 is a quad 2-input OR logic gate. A high output
can be produce if one input is high and the other input is either
high or low.
The IC 7486 is an exclusive-OR logic gate (XOR). Likewise, it
functions somehow as an OR gate, but it will only give a high
output if and only if one input is high and the other input is
low .