Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PLAN
/.
OF
PARKWAYS
OF CITY PLAN;N;I-NG
~
A ~I0iIAY
:;:;;;;--
PLAN
OF LOS ANGELES
Selected
Resume
Findings,
Concl'1.sions and
Reco~~endations
of the Transportation
Recommendations
Significance
Survey
20
of the Transportation
Engineering Board
25
42
Conclusions
Problems
Requiring
46
Further
Study and
Report
52
1.
Panorama
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Population,
Proposed
Frontispiece
16
39
41
45
49
50
F-l
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
Fatalities and injuries, which can be almost entirely eliminated by an adequate parkway system, have
increased over 300% since 1920.
P. S
P .10'
P.1S
Expense for improvements in 15 years - since preparation of the ~Bjor Street Plan - ~150,000,000.
P.1S
F-16
F-18
P.30
F-19
P.34
P.3?
P.38
P.48
F-20
F-2l
F-22
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Details of financing.
Pl~n for future rail rcpid trcnsit.
UltimctG unific~tion ~nd coordination of facilities.
Probloms of tho CQntr!11 B~'sinGss District.
B'J.s
inoss District P'"'.rking
Plnns.
A number of pro-
F.l
ed to date is that proposed by t he Transportation Engineering Board in its recent report "A Transit Program for the
Los Angeles Metropolitan Area."
This report concerns itself with those proposals
of the Transportation Engineering Board which pertain to
the plan of motor vehicle parkways.
Other proposals of
In order
that these improvements may be ~ade according to an officially adopted plan, it is important that action incorporating
these proposals in the master plan of the city be taken as
soon ss possible.
The
it is possible
of Califor4ia.
for the adoption of ordinances pursuant thereto; prescribing the manner of adoption of such plans, portions thereof,
amendments thereto and the composition and effects thereof;
providing for the appointment of planning co~~issions ,
8S
prepared by the'
The cOf!lffiission
will review all plans
part such plam3 as are consistent iNith its own BasteI' pIon
and the objectives of the Planning Department and tht;City.
This Commission is fUlly aware of the significance
to the people of Los Angeles of a system of motor vehicle
parkweys.
ffhi s was
IJ.
Fit
~!S
on efficient treffic
8S
basic ele!11cntof
GERMANY'S
REICHSAUTOBAHNEN
an elaborate
expedited
that country's
early military
successes
Low Countries,
and France were delivered
with
marveled.
A complete
system of parkways would
from a military standpoint,
but they would aid in
reducing
traffic's
waste.
1,330
mile system
of express
highways
in World War II. Attacks
on Poland,
the
such fury and suddenness
that the world
not only assist in the defense of Los Angeles
the production
of necessary war materials
by
As
This precess is
scnttered throughout its length, residences becnne undesirable, the street was ugly and littered with billboards,
The
by
the conges-
pe~ year.
F ~4
Trsffic
In 1920 F.5
by
nunerous
F. 6
Su~vey
1939 - A Transit
Program
Metrop01itan
Area
1934 - A Report of Higbwcy Traffic Survey
Los Angeles
Regional Planning Com1issicn
in the County
of
in the County
that feund
Area
1.
in any
2.
3.
No EDSS rail repid trans:Lt syster.1could be finnncially successful in Los Ant"eles with0ut a substantial
subsidy or increase in fares cherGe0..
4.
5.
6.
is rapidly
apprraching
of the
ficient
dennnds
The present
too narrcw
c~peble of tr2velling
efficient-
snoothly
2nd
pedestric.n.
present
the needs
cost.
The precess
setting
vision
of motor vehicular
grenter
pnvenent
widths
its linits.
and severence
dE1ne<::es.Ant.~nfterthe
but traffic
traffic
interference
property
distance
cc,stly process
nunber of streets.
(".ddi
tional
which will
CArry
to the interference
The cross street
~nly be separating
the interference
within a reasonable
this is
iJrcperty.
can be elininated
involving
it is still SUbjected
Pro-
by
invclve 'widen-
to neet
of creating
abuttinG
the
froD abutting
all the property
the street.
in
nnd nrrangcI1ents of
Obviously,
to no great
of business and
Lns
Angeles
z'..
.60
(/)
58
4:56
(/)
40
POPULATION
PERSONS PER
MOTOR VEHIC L[
38
::>54
:c52
lLL.
o 50
(/)
o48
LU
a:46
o
z ..
::> ~
:c
z42
,
,J
II
,
I
,
J
1941
36
SOUl'C:
34
VEHICLE
CUftVE
LOa ANKLES
COUNTY
M:GISTRATlON
SOURCE'
32
,
I
POPULATION
AUTOtwv.>BLE Cl.UB
REGIONAL PLANNING
cot.tMJS5&QN.
I,
I'
OF SOUTHERl'l "CALIFORNIA.
,
I
30
I
28
'
...'
,J
26
24
22
<'J
~ II
20
......
r/
;1
18
J;
[j.J
16
...
L-
II
'f
z 12
o10
::s ~
.<V~
-l 6
~n
:J
a. 4
o2
,3~:3\l
1850
""
IUI
,,~
1860
1870
.YEARS __
-"
\,':::
~
/
-!
v.
~
21
.&'
,..
" 1'~
I4~
>
12 a::
10
~~ IQ e;; ~-
l6~
oJ"
8~
,,~
lI'
::"
..<'~ 'r
t- 8
"
-\.
~.
(.
II Ml.
, ~4I
i.., ,. ~, ,
14
a.
F? ~
;:J
~ ~
~~
a::
6~
r:c-r
.ir .......
~
L. A.
. - .4~
2~
I
1950
olr
1960
FIG,3
A casual
none
analysis
of the economic
is self-sufficient,
Tho rapid
increase
in motor
vehicle
that
each community
own0rship
~
and use,
Q.S
illustre.tod gl~Ql)hj.C<'llly
on Fig'llll.:tO
~, has been oven
rogister~d
traffic census.
up the n~tionnl
thoy formerly
dvfoDsc,
hold:
en ovon grc~tor
significnncc
then
of
exclusive
Los Ang~los
gestion
in the
jurisdictions
solution
wos cccouplishcd.
c:
cortrin
to the prcblc@
[',mountof
of trrffic
con-
Tho fcctucl
survey
of tho Trc;nsportntion
Engineering
Board
F. 13
wes divided
divisions
- one d081ing
with
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Check :::1'
vehicles _in the ccntr:'-.lnrec. to determine
the erigin of vehicles, tho nGod fer spcci~l highwc.ys from cuter ~rC8S to tho Ccntrcl Business
District, and the ndoquccy cf stor~ge f~cilities
generally.
8.
, 9.
Sucrrl~ry
-of bended indebtedness ~f inccrpor~tGd
citios in Los Angeles C~unty (except Avalon) ns
of Jcnuary 1, 1939.
1.
Porcentcgo ..
,~fi11c
ree.se in popul,~tien vnrie d.in
different sections cf tho f.'.rc~.NOf:1,r
tho contral
ci ty o.ror.thoro V;c.s G moder~to increcsG.. Beycnd
the 5 mile distance zono incroc.ses occurrod, the
l~rgost in tho 7~ to 10 mile zene, In the 2. to
5.mile zene thoro ~~s only Qbcu~ l~ per cent.
4.
5.
6.
Approxim.['.tcly
33 pur cent of inbc,und :rr. tron~go of
local reil linos af the Los ~ngolos RailDay end
Pacific Electric Railucy ~GS handled during the
2-hour 'period betncon 7:00 Gnd 9:00 ~.M., uhile
in excoss of 40 por cent 0f P~cific Electric Interurban ~nd ~otor Trrnsit Ccach pass~ngGrs travelod
during thGt period.
passengers
trnnsfur
in order to get to their d0stinctions on any singlo reil line.
Lbout 33 por c<.;nt of
co~ch petrons ~0rc foun~ to ride ~irectly
to their
dostinctions
on one line.
Pacific
Electric
loco'l
rei1 lines shOTIabout 71 per cent of ell riders
cs
(:'ire,c t.
.Il.pproxir,l~.
tc ly 50 po r con t ;:;f the pc trons
of tho Los .L.ngeles L1ctor Cocch Company 1:7CrOfound
to ride direct.
8.
The p0rc8nt~gos
shoDn by check of tr~nsf(;rs
are
higho r them t:q.o opere. ting C cmpnnics '.'Jou1clsho'D.
Th.:.'se 1i]:iC used ~ scc(jnd 1ino -,lere includo,l,
the
companies cGunting only these presenting
transfers
issued on originf'. ting lines.
Los ,:~ngeles Rai1rro'y
line s r.:nc1Les .Ll.ngc
le s Met~)r Cu~ch line s shc~Jed 13
~nd 14 por cunt transferring
~ socond time ~nd nppr::xlD~L.~t(;ly1 por cent :.f them:--. third tine.
9 . 'A totrl
of 274,400 p:--.ssengcrs crossed b~Un~2riGs ef
the ~utvr corden -- Sunset, S~n Pedro, W~shingtcn
~nG Figu0ro~ Streets
-- end 267,600 p~ssongGrs on~
torcd tho inner cerGon -- Suns~t, Los Lngclcs,
Pice
and Figueroa Streets.
Lbout 13,000 boarclo~ bot~oon
tho bcunclcrics of tho t~~.
There TIGre 19,800 alighteel be t\Jeol1 thG cc rd.ons.
Tho figuros
ere for rc:.il
~nQ c~~ch 1ir.es curing 2 16-hour period.
10.
Entoring by rnil,
thoro 1;wre 243,800 pnssong(;rs,
nnd by conch 23,800.
Of theso, tho L.:s J.ng'Olos
Rr.:ih;c,y rcil one: c,-C'.ch lines c.cc,-'untec1 fcr 213,000,
em: the Pr::cific Electric
lines f:.,r 31,500.
Ch;::nges
in thu uSu .;:;f the SUb-\i::lY
tcrminc.l VlCrc influenced
by the results
':f tho survc;y.
11.
12.
13.
14_
Sixty-three
stro.ticns c.t -,.hich c..:unts ~-,cro ac.de of
c;utomobilus entering
end le~ving the Centrel Business District
hcve been grouped into socti~ng,
tno
22:.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Persons pl;r c.J.rrICs loiiost in the case of those ontoring c.t the southeast c(.rnor of the c:cT.mto-.m clistriet.
Lvorcge numbor of p~ssengors per Dutomobile TIns
greatest bGtnecn5:00
and 7:00 P.M. About 64 per cent
of ell privcto aoter vehicles ontering tho district
c2rried only one l~rson. Vehiclos entering from tho
southoast shewoL the gre~tost nunber of vehicles carrying but one pnssonger .
In the report "A Transit Program for the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area" are certain broad objectives which the Tran8porto.tion FEngineering Board set as its goal.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A major objective ho.sbeen, of course,' the modernization of surface transit facilities but, while certain
improvements should be nade immediately, it will later
be obvious tho.t S01:1ephases of t his problem are
dependent on the coordination of proposals contained
in t he report.
Engineering F-J
1.
2~
3.
4.
lilt
should be understood that the Bohrd's recoffinendationsfor construction do not apply to the entire basic program, the development of wr~ch may be expected to extend over a period of ye~rs.
Although tho.parkway has proven very popular wherever tried,
appropriately
rrlHi~r,)~Q&.OSED
is to produce
The traffic
objective
urban residential
center
District
such as Pasadena;
a commercial
or Hollywood;
carefully
center,
parkway
each successive
ible.
Business
belt will
of cross-town
plan.
origin
of 'the parkway
center such
A system
of traffic
----- -
tance between
a sub-
of the points
conceived
immediately
objectives.
an infulstrial
a recreational
traffic
community
routes
These routes,
to connect
congest-
a system of more
District.
The dis-
is an integral
in contrast
suburban
part
to the radial
centers
as directly
important
suburban
centers were
in turn connected
"Hypo~~eti~al
of hypothetical
Lines of Communication"
lines of
the d~agram:
1.
2.
tho coast
I.
_ ..J
_ .. J
HYPOTHETICAL
LINES
OF COMMUNiCATION
PALOS VERDES
METROPOLITAN
CITY
OF
LOS
AREA
ANqELES
Lcale:
o
to
fill
/I
a
1941
The
The Transportation
IX'.
rk-
rctod suburb::-.n
communi tics. :2ndsevcr~l other centers thet ero
unincorpornted.
cluster-
7//\\' ;
~//II'\~
_
'~"/II\\\j;:
CLAREMONT
G :
,,
. THEORETICAL
pARKWAY
PLAN
METROPOLITAN
CITY
.,{eol.,
o
;
OF
LOS
AREA
ANGELES
./\li Ie's
1/
//
1941
0
C'
I.
CITY
Of
LOS
.I\y
ANGI'.LES
Dill cdaqu2tGly
to folloning
Ecrvu
the ~etropolit~n
tests:
urb~n centers.
Tho Engineering
Tr~nsport~tion
::.r(;
provided
from
Dis-
',,<L~
.l:'""""lrk'.'Jt~yf='
. -
-~)
g~
?c:sGdcn~
to
nh1ch uill
P~rkDGY
Mcdrc,
en~blo
Monrov~~, AZUSC:,
voniently
~nd
n~rth
"nn~
u.
Qnd
motorist
~ishing
~ishGd
If he
PGs~dGn~,
La Verne or
Qnd
n~rthnost
thoro
~rc
The Riverside
to
Cl~rcmont
cen-
throu[-'fl the
.Allos~nclrc
pert of
D0~tern
cGntrc~l
sovor21 possiblo
~0rk~cy
P~r},Twy
Thus
Glondor~,
The Glcnd.,lo
scfoly.
To the
~n FCT'nrn(~~
S c.
v_
",
.u,
system of
tr~ffic.
cdoqu~~te
S~n
to Buxbcnk,
Fernando Vclley.
pc-.rt cf the Oi ty of
Holly~oo~,
0::'
nnoctions
'iii tl1
Riversi(~o
Fern~nao
Vrlley.
P~rkTIry
V~llcy.
Villi tncll
rr..c1irl rcuto
PcrkrJ[,;~'
~':ill
It
TICS
fGlt thet en
of tho V~llGY.
throe
diroct
rogicp.
This ~ill
rc.dicl
Further,
crcss-tv,m
passing
routos
t~ the centrel
routes
':Jhich 1:ill
thrcugh
p~rt
p~rt
cn~ble
of tho
vlith sever:,l
tho rGsidents
T~G direct
Sc.nta Kcnica
end. belt
of tho Valley
give
rc.dic.ls
- Venice,
~ro prvvidcc
th~ residents
of
city
populntcd
also
secticns
cnf'\blo
of the
scfcly.
~);~rkTIc:y
Dust bo ".~):p,~.rcr:tto everycne.
There ere
import::.nt
trc.Ylspcrt,-:ticn
cCrJnunitics
Pcrb,"y
torrJinal
rc.c:'i.::11
to the south
to '}ilningtcl1,
r:~r\j
Pnrk,
thr:.:ugh ~r in tt6
S:.:.u
th
G-C',
Gcccssiblo
rvutos
p,"'\rt cf tho
Qil:::'..
the hr.rbcr.
very
:::iC.D
:t~oc.r( nnG. the t~rbor,
botTIeen this
end. is rec.dily
TriO d.ir(;ct
the
'1'h(; nf':rbcr
tl.,;, Lyn'.-;oo'~:
1"ne: Conpton.
system over
focilitios
of
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1.LEGEND
PROPOSEO
PARKWAY SYST[l,1
PACIFIC (l.CTRIC
RAILWAY CI'R
PACIFIC
ELECTRIC
LINES
LOS ANGELES
L.05 ANGEL.ES
LOS ANGE:LE5
MOTOR
MOTOR
TRANSIT
MUNICIPAL
AND
COACH
COt.4PANV
COACH
INDEPENOENT
L1NS
COACH
LINES
PROPOSED
PARKWAY SYSTEM
AND
TRANSPORTATION
MAP
OF THE
LOS ANGELE:S
TRANSPORTATION
METROPOLITAN
SURVEY OF METROPOLITAN
W.PA,
PROJECT
NO,
DISTRICT
LOS ANGELES
665-07-3,/1
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING BOARD
1. '1,I
,I1
instances
imposing
8.
population
/)
Angoles
Rogion.
are proposed
See Figure~.
concentration
in
\.
DA~KWAY PLAN
AND
DISTJ:ZIBUTION
or DODU LATION
METROPOLITAN
AREA-COUNTY
~or
19.40
O~ LOS ANGELES
COU NTY
OF
~~~~~~---------------------:------------------
:~'~::~~:;~~~;!-;;:~-<C--'---------------------------~M:T~.':(';';:L
~~\~,~
~{f.11
~
i)!).{.;,Y'
'\\"
-,I
'1
L.._.
~.~_
~~:
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
-------------1.,0 SANGELES------------------
metropolitan
of dollars
estimated
area
annually
this
of Los 2ngeles,
in transportation
saving
will
will
reach
sixtrr
(It
has boen
doll,::,rs a "lTt:)or).
*
Tho value
3.
~ property
thoroughfaros
will bo stabalized
able fectures
of the stroot,
abutting
heavy traffic
by romoving
tho objection-
Gnd
4.
tho intelligent
planning
Cornmission
of other clements
CQn
proceod
'l:li
th
of the con~r0hcn-
5.
prehonsivG
New York
&-.
T~10 eXDerionco
factor'!.
terest
upon adjacent
proportios
Of in-
of tho p~rkTI~ys
In all cases,.
the street
is completed
the roadways
grade separations
i~e~ections
landscaped,
as the techniques
conditions
and science
could determine.
built
the improvement
wi do right-
and parkwa
strips properly
engineering
After e SUfficiently
of city planning
The routes
insofar
and sound
proximate
proximate locations,
locations, subsecuent
subseouent study
study may
may influence
influence their
precise location.
location.
precise
44.
Park~
CAHUENGA
(above) no w speeds
BOULEVARD
the
flow of extremel
and Highla
of thHoll ywood
District
h nd Avenue I
,Holly to tdhe north, \heavy traffic In
Los An
(low, " " w"h' ,h, wco P,,'w,
" " , com I, '" 0"' 0/
to
designed to compressed
AI rroyo Seco Pcekntral
moto,"" ,
m,,' top<>
m ,,1" l
"
w'Y
Sfouthern
ramp
or,
, u c e s driv'Ing fatigue
IS Parkw day 'saves
time
,an has a h"Igh
pr~posed
nt~rsection
CO",,;":;,h'
) ""I;"d S:" }""'"dOYV~:'""'d
~oo~,~,,,,m,"'
Callforni~on
cr~'
~'"
~f,ty i:;;"'"' ,~,,'",~Jw ',,'lfy i;:f~lhc, conditio~~e
oft
an of
ed in
hway
d the
L.
E.
3.
.4.
5.
6.
7,
area
framework
plunned.
Liko other elemonts of the comprehensive
tho parkway plan must be studied continuully
It must be adjustod TIhon nocessary
city p12n
to changing
conditions.
most logical
and feosible
After c caroful
following
1.
solution
to the transportation
recommendations
problem.
tho transit
ere made:
botw8on
from the
with
Parkwny
from Inglewood
to
Seco Park-
Parkv./8'Tto
Parl~vay from
Parl{Way.
fL.~.,.D.;f;ft .
.~.
g
..\?~
:tt$;~~cnti'",~",::7ij!>n:f!?iJf::UF'!!Y'-",--:I[',1
~.::.
',*,""""""'",,"')
~~s~~
.uF
--i
AW~
,--." it:,
PARKlIi'IY
ROUTES"
CENTRAL SECTION
Ql'
THE
IN
!
!
.DIST.RJC~
AND
THE
METROPOLITAN
AREA
,
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