EE specialized

English
Unit 1
AC TRANSMISSION
CONTENTS
1. Develop performance equations (cac phuong trinh duong day)and models for
transmission
lines; ( ccac mo hinh thong so dai )
2. Examine the power transfer capabilities of transmission lines( khao sat kha nang
tai cua duong day )
as influenced by voltage, reactive power, thermal, and system
stability considerations; ( on dinh he thong ) ( khong duoc vuot qua 3 gioi han tren
thi duong day moi truyen tai duoc) ( do khi nhiet do cao , co su gian no duong day ,
gay vong day , giam cach dien ..)
3. Develop models for representation of two-winding, threewinding, and phaseshifting transformers( may bien ap dich pha )
4. Examine factors influencing the flow of active power and
reactive power through transmission networks, and ( kiem tra cac thong so anh
huong den dong chay )
5. Describe analytical techniques for the analysis of power flow
in transmission systems.( dua ra cac phung phap tinh toan che do xac lap)
1.1. TRANSMISSION LINES
Electrical power is

transmitted.. from generating stations to

consumers through overhead line. and cables

Overhead lines are used for long distance in open countries
and rural areas, whereas ( trong khi ) cables are used for
underground transmisstion.. in urban areas and for underwater
crossings.( cap ngam duoi bien )
For the same rating, cables are 10 to 15 times more
expensive than overhead lines and they are therefore only
used in special situations where overhead lines cannot be
used; the distances in such distance. are short.

1.1. Electrical Characteristics

A transmission line is charaterized by four parameter.:
+
seriesResistance (R): The resistance.. of the lines
accounting
for standing. and skin effects ( hieu ung be mat ) are determined
from
manufacturers tables
+shunt conductance..(G):represents .lossses due to
linkage currents ( dong ro) along insulator( cach dien ) strings and
corona. In
power lines, its effect is small and usually neglected.
a) Overhead lines
+series inductance..(L): depends on ... The partial
flux linkages within conductor cross section and
externalflux linkage For overhaed lines, the phases are
usually so each phase occupies successively all
three posible positions.
+ shunt capacitance (C): The potential difference between
the
conductors ( day dan ) .. of a transmission line causes the conductors to be
charged ( dien nap ) .; the charge per unit of potential difference is the
capacitance.. between conductors;
b) Underground cables
Underground cables have the same basic parameted as
overhead lines; series resistance.. and inductance; shunt
conductance.. andcapacitance..;
However, the values of the parameters and hence the
characteristic.. of cables differ significantly from those of
overhead lines for the following reasons:
1. The conductors in a cable are much closer to each other than
are the conductors of overhead line..

2. The conductors in a cable are surrounded( duoc bao boc ).. by metalic
bodies
such as shields, lead(chi) or aluminium sheets, and steel pipes;
3. The insulating ( cach dien cho ). material between conductors in a cable
is
usually impregnated ( duoc tam dau )..paper,
oil, or an gas.

low-viscosity

1.1. Performance equations ( cac phuong trinh duong day )

The parameters of a transmission line are distributited.. or
lumped.
If the line is assumed transposed( duoc hoan vi ) , we can analyze the line
performance on a per-face. basis.
Figure 1.1 shows the . between voltage and current
voltage along one phase of the line in terms of ..
Parameters, with:
z = R + j = series impendance. per unit length/phase
y = G + j = shunt admitance. per unit length/phase
The voltages and currents shown are pharso.. representing
simusoidal ( dang sin ) time-varying quantities.
Figure 1.1: voltage and current relationship of a distributed parameter line
Consider a differential section ( vi phan ).. Of the line of length dx at a
distance x from the receiving end. The differentialvoltage
across the elemental..........length is given by:
dV = I(zdx)
Hence:

= (1.1)
The differential current flowing into the shunt admittance is:
dI = V(ydx) = V.y (1.2)
differentialing.. Equations (1.1) and (1.2) with respect to x,
we

obtain: ( ta co )
. And (1.3)
Solving the equations of (1.3) and establishing the
.. conditions by assuming that voltage VR and current
I
R are known at the receiving end (x = 0)., we obtain:
Zc : surge impedance , characteristic impedan : SIL
Taij sao duong day cang dai kha nang truyen tai cang giam ?????
Su dung dac tinh PV de kiem tra tinh on dinh
Tai sao o che do khong tai diep ap o cuoi duong day lai tang ??? ( hieu ung feeranti )
Dien ap dau duong day va cuoi duong day cai nao lon hon???
Leading anh lagging???/
BTVN : giai thich cai tu trong dap an ?