Metropolitan Technological University

Prof. Miguel ucan chi

english

name: Ronel Flores Canche

10th "B"
Technology Research

Electric motor
An electric motor is a device that works with AC or DC and is responsible for converting
electrical energy into mechanical energy or motion.
Since its invention, the electric motors have become very useful tools used to perform
multiple jobs.
They are found in diverse applications, such as fans, pumps, household appliances,
automobiles, etc.
An electric motor bases
Each engine is based on the idea that magnetism produces a physical force that
moves objects. Depending on how you align the poles of a magnet, so you can attract
or repel another magnet.
On engines electricity is used to create magnetic fields that oppose each other, so you
do move your rotating part called rotor.
In the rotor wiring is called coil, whose magnetic field is opposite to the static part of the
engine.
The magnetic field is generated in this part permanent magnets, precisely the repellent
action of these opposites is what makes the rotor starts to rotate within the stator.
If the mechanism end there, when the poles align the motor to stop. Therefore, to
continue moving the rotor is necessary to reverse the polarity of the electromagnet.
The way this change is made is what defines the two types of electric motor.
Engine types
The classification of the electric motor depends on the source of electricity that is
supplied.
Most of these operate with alternating current (AC), which changes the flow direction
many times a second.
The areas of positive and negative polarities are reversed in the electromagnet and
alternate, which keeps the rotating shaft.
Any team that moves and is connected to a wall outlet is powered by an engine of this
type.But there are engines that work with direct current (DC). They get electricity from a
battery.
To achieve the investment process have a piece called switch that toggles the
electromagnet in the direction of flow, a sort of artificial alternation, and changes the
polarity of the magnetic field. DC motors are more primitive than those of AC, but can
be very useful in situations where there is no AC power source. Modern engineering
has made inventions that men could even dream of centuries, the electric motor is a
living example of this. While magnetism is studied for many centuries using this to
create mechanical energy is relatively new

Ultrasound machine
Before getting to know how ultrasound works you need to know what ultrasound is. It is
a technique or procedure that employs the use of high frequency sound waves to view
internal parts of the human body and taking pictures of them. The ultrasound technique
was originally used in the First World War-like technique that sonar to locate enemy
submarines underwater. An ultrasound machine works when sound waves from a
transducer machine are emitted toward an object. Then, after those sound waves
striking the object then returns an echo captured by the same device. This way you can
find the shape and distance of the object from the device. The basic principle behind
the work of an ultrasound machine is the same whatever your application may be. The
steps followed are:
When used for medical purposes an ultrasound machine is used to study and take
pictures of an organ or body part. An ultrasound machine is basically a transducer is
maintained on the target body part. This device emits sound waves that strike when the
internal organs of returning echoes are captured by the device.

An echo is created when sound waves encounter two organs or tissue at a different
distance. Therefore, they sound so different shape. Some of the sounds are captured
again by the device. When sounds from different sources are joined an echo is created.

These echoes captured not give any information as such. They have become some
other means easily understood. Therefore, which they are then analyzed by the team
of the transducer and becomes either still images or moving images of the organs
under study. ultrasound technique has been successfully used by doctors to examine
various parts of the human body.
Ultrasound waves can not easily pass through hard substances. Therefore, it is
primarily used to examine the organs of the body filled with fluid. For example, the liver,
gallbladder and uterus of women during pregnancy. Although not very successful, while
examining the hard tissue or tissues surrounding air or gas.
Best of the ultrasonic technique is that it is a non-invasive procedure. Therefore, it is
completely painless and uncomplicated. Furthermore, this method is free from
radiation. Therefore, it has almost no side effects. Another big advantage is that it is
very cheap and readily available in all countries.
The use of ultrasound in physiotherapy are used in practice at high frequencies, about
1-3 MHz. The ultrasound machine used is electric and is more than demonstrated its
effectiveness. Nevertheless, there are a high number of doctors are wary of the
program and not recommend their patients. A wide number of studies performed show
a complete or relative.

Processor chip
A microprocessor, also known as processor, micro, chip, or microchip, is a logic circuit
responsive and process logic and arithmetic operations that run our computers. In
short, it's your brain. But a processor does not act on its own initiative, constantly
receives orders from multiple sources. When we turn on our computer, the first thing is
to fulfill the micro instructions from the BIOS (basic input / output system), part of the
computer memory. Once, in addition to the BIOS, it will be the operating system and
installed programs that continue to be made by the microprocessor operating obey.
Despite microprocessors always make us think of computers, the truth is that they are
available in a multitude of 'pots' that normally surround us, such as photography or
video cameras, cars, mobile phones ... However, it is true that those used in computers
they are more powerful and complex.
How to create a processor
With much difficulty. To bring the micro world in industrial quantities is necessary to lift
factories involving a multimillion-dollar investment. For example, a factory that he
raised not long ago Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in Dresden, Germany, cost about
3,000 million euros. The main feature of these plants is that they are immaculately
clean, since a mere speck of dust could ruin thousands of microprocessors. To avoid
filtration systems have to renew the air ten times per minute. That is, they are 10,000
times cleaner than an operating room. Their workers are fully covered with a sterile suit
a unfamiliar person would take more than half an hour to get. Bring to a processor
world is extremely complex, but summarizing much we could say that are made as
follows:
Exhibition. One layer of silicon dioxide and certain gases exposed to heat to achieve
grow and obtain a sheet or as thin silicon wafer which is imperceptible to the human
eye.
Photolithography. Ultraviolet light onto the wafer through a template is applied. The
resulting pattern of silicon dioxide is fixed with chemicals. A processor consists of
several of these layers, each with a different template and each thinner than the last.
Division. In each wafer they were created thousands of micros. Once the layout of the
circuit has been checked, individually they cut with a diamond saw.
Packaging. The easiest part. Each micro is inserted in the protective package that
gives it the look we all know and that will allow you to be connected to other devices.
The birth of a processor, step by step
Before I was born the first processor, the transistor had to be created: tiny electronic
switches that allow computer instruction break all the famous ones and zeros. The first
transistor was born in 1947 at Bell Labs and also to get a Nobel prize for its creators he
gave the lace to computers based on mechanical switches and silicon tubes. Real
dinosaurs.

The second major step was to create a circuit which used two transistors onto a silicon
crystal. This second advance, which would be participated which Intel co-founder
Robert Noyce took place more than ten years later, in 1958.
The third and final breakthrough led to the creation of the first rudimentary processor in
1961. Four years later the most complex processor had just 64 transistors. But growth
was extraordinary: the first commercial processor was distributed by Intel in 1971 and
already had a whopping 2,300 transistors. But then a miracle to nothing compared with
about 30 million which has a Pentium II homespun.

The creation of microprocessor technology is already reaching its limits. More and
more tiny, faster, more complex to manufacture ... Precisely because it has been talked
about for some time revolutionary new types of micros. The most promising
technologies are those who bet on nanotechnology (molecular computers), which
seems the most viable, and the integration of biological elements.