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2 nomadic pastoralists
wandered to keep their herds and animals regulated w the seasons + food
3 kumiss
4 class fluidity
nobles and commoners: nobles were fluid, could become a commoner then return to becoming a
noble (nobles chose clans but did not really govern)
took care of the animals, were skilled archers and often fought in war, although men did dominate
society
6 saljuq conversion
saljuqs led the turkish ppl into anatolia. were looked upon as liberators and joined by will. became
islamic land when ottomans conquered constantinople
7 khan
ruler
8 tughril beg
abbasid caliph announce tughril as the sultan. extended rule to syria, palestine etc
9 turkish migrations
some established in abbasid empire but most migrated to anatolia bc rich and wealthy
10 ghaznavid turks
mahmud of ghazni of afghanistan led the ghaz turks to conquer many areas in india(bengal, punjab,
gujarat).
11 chinggis khan
12 temujin
unified the mongols (aka chinggis khan) could betray allies to obtain a higher pos/ very dedicated
13 ulaanbaatar
14 qanat
mongols completely destroyed the qanats of persia, which damaged the empire harshly as it was an
important resource in their dry arid lands
15 khubilai khan
conquerer of the song dynasty in china, ended the expansion of the song going farther west,
religious tolerance, attempted to conquer japan but thrown off by typhoons, mongol forces could
not adapt to the weather
16 yuan
17 kamikaze
what the japanese called their independence upon (divine winds ex typhoon)
mongol control in the west which was in russia who ventured out to poland, hungary, and germany
19 hulegu
khubilais bro who crushed the abbasid and formed the ilkhanate in persia
20 mongol assimilation
assimilated well into persian culture, religious tolerance, ilkhan ghazan converted to islam which
sparked lots of controversy
21 confucian erosion
mongols did not support chinese culture, allowed confucianism to wither due to no official support
22 khwarazm
23 nestorian christian
24 paper money
began due to financial difficulties in ilkhanate persia, dealing w paper $$ difficult which led to
decline of yuan
25 bubonic plague
spread it unknowingly by trade and commercial affairs which led to pop decline
26 tamerlane
tamerlanes chagatai!! took chinggis as role model, sig weakened the golden horde, conquered
28 osman
declared small state in anatolia and indep from saljuq, attracted many ppl
29 ottoman
30 sultan mehmud II
31 griot
32 sundiata
lion prince who founded the mali empire and made it large and thriving, cap at niani
33 mali
34 bantu
a language which spread throughout africa which resulted in the spread of agriculture and herding
35 bananas
provided for the enriched diet of large pops and pop growth
36 pygmies
forest dwellers of central africa who served at guides for bantu ppls, integrated into bantu society,
many remained and became forest specialists
37 segmentary society
38 jenne-jeno
in mali, center of iron prod and trade. many animals. principal commercial crossroads of w africa
39 benin
40 kingdom of kongo
powerful city state along congo river, villages ruled by chiefs, most centralized of bantu
41 gold
ghana= center of gold trade. provided ivory + slaves, largest supply of gold
42 kings of ghana
43 sundiata
conquered ghana w strong army and alliances. honored islam for the muslim merchants
44 mansa musa
grandnephew of ^ converted to islam and became very serious, built mosques when back home
45 swahili
those who engaged in trade along the coast, attracted attention from muslim merchant
46 kilwa
thriving city w stone buildings and mosques, known for trade among the indian ocean basin
47 zimbabwe
48 zanj revolt
zanj: black slaves from swahili coast, who had several rebellions who captured basra (al bin
mohammed) eventually killing al bin
was very universal and led them eventually to revolts and such
50 glory of kings
kebra negast, fictional work of christianity which was in songs and many other works of art depicted
in sub saharan africa