11/23/2015

27TheoristsandTheoriesAboutNursingandHealthNurseslabs

27TheoristsandTheoriesAboutNursing
andHealth
ByMattVera,RN Sep18,2013

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27TheoristsandTheoriesAboutNursingandHealthNurseslabs

Therearedifferentnursingtheoriesandhealththeoriestohelpusexplainthephenomenaweare
experiencinginhealth.Sincenursingknowledgeistheinclusivetotalofthephilosophies,theories,
research,andpracticewisdomofthediscipline,thesetheoriesdefinewhatnursingisorwhatsetsit
apartfromdifferentprofessions.
Belowisashortlistofdifferenthealthandnursingtheories.

AbrahamMaslow
HierarchyofNeeds
PhysiologicNeeds:breathing,food,water,sex,sleep,homeostasis,excretion.
SafetyNeeds:securityof:body,employment,resources,morality,family,health,property.
LoveandBelongingNeeds:friendship,sexualintimacy,family
EsteemNeeds:selfesteem,confidence,achievement,respectofothers,respectbyothers
SelfactualizationNeeds:morality,creativity,spontaneity,problemsolving,lackofprejudice,
acceptanceoffacts.

AdolfMeyer
Believesintotalityofmanortheholisticapproachtoman.
Patientscouldbestbeunderstoodthroughconsiderationoftheirlifesituations.

AlfredAdler
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27TheoristsandTheoriesAboutNursingandHealthNurseslabs

Superiorityandinferioritycomplexandbirthorder.
Heemphasizedthatonesbirthorderashavinganinfluenceonthestyleoflifeandthestrengths
andweaknessesinonespsychologicalmakeup.

AnneBoykin&SavinaSchoenhofer
Allpersonsarecaringandnursingisaresponsetouniquesocialcall.

BettyNeuman
ShedevelopedtheHealthCareSystemsModel.
Nursingisconcernedwithallthevariablesaffectinganindividualsresponsetostress,whichare
interpersonal,intrapersonalandextrapersonalinnature.

CarlJung
Introversionandextroversionpersona

DorotheaOrem
Developedselfcare,selfcaredeficitandnursingsystemstheory.
Nurseshavetosupplycarewhenthepatientscannotprovidecaretothemselves.
Bymeasuringtheclientsdeficitrelativetoselfcareneeds.

DorothyJohnson
ConceptualizedtheBehavioralSystemsModel.
Eachpersoniscomposedof7subsystemsnamely:ingestive,eliminative,affiliative,aggressive,
dependence,achievementandsexual.
Shealsostatedthatnursingwasconcernedwithmanasanintegratedwholeandthisisthe
specificknowledgeoforderwerequire.

ErikErikson
Psychosocialdevelopmentofman.
TrustvsMistrust,AutonomyvsShame&Doubt,InitiativevsGuilt,IndustryvsInferiority,Identity
vsRoleConfusion,IntimacyvsIsolation,GenerativityvsStagnation,EgoIntegrityvsDespair.
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ErnestineWiedenbach
Nursesindividualphilosophylendscredencetonursingcare.
Wiedenbachbelievedthattherewere4mainelementstoclinicalnursing.Theyincluded:a
philosophy,apurpose,apracticeandtheart.

FayeAbdellah
Definednursingasaservicetoindividualsandfamilies,thereforetosociety.
Identified21nursingproblems.
Topromotegoodhygieneandphysicalcomfort
Topromoteoptimalactivity,exercise,rest,andsleep
Topromotesafetythroughpreventionofaccidents,injury,orothertraumaandthroughthe
preventionofthespreadofinfection
Tomaintaingoodbodymechanicsandpreventandcorrectdeformities
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofasupplyofoxygentoallbodycells
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofnutritionofallbodycells
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofelimination
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceoffluidandelectrolytebalance
Torecognizethephysiologicresponsesofthebodytodiseaseconditions
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofregulatorymechanismsandfunctions
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofsensoryfunction
Toidentifyandacceptpositiveandnegativeexpressions,feelings,andreactions
Toidentifyandaccepttheinterrelatednessofemotionsandorganicillness
Tofacilitatethemaintenanceofeffectiveverbalandnonverbalcommunication
Topromotethedevelopmentofproductiveinterpersonalrelationships
Tofacilitateprogresstowardachievementofpersonalspiritualgoals
Tocreateandmaintainatherapeuticenvironment
Tofacilitateawarenessofselfasanindividualwithvaryingphysical,emotional,and
developmentalneeds
Toaccepttheoptimumpossiblegoalsinlightofphysicalandemotionallimitations
Tousecommunityresourcesasanaidinresolvingproblemsarisingfromillness
Tounderstandtheroleofsocialproblemsasinfluencingfactorsinthecauseofillness

FlorenceNightingale

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EnvironmentalTheory.
Focusedonmanipulatingtheenvironmentforthepatientsrecovery.
Pureorfreshair
Purewater
Sufficientfoodsupplies
Efficientdrainage
Cleanliness
Light(especiallydirectsunlight)

Galen
Fourtemperaments
sanguinepersonalityisfairlyextroverted.
melancholicisapersonwhoisathoughtfulponderer.
phlegmatictendstobeselfcontentandkind.
cholericisadoer.

HarryStackSullivan
Interpersonaltheoryandanxietyoccursduetopoorinterpersonalrelationship.

HildegardPeplau
Interpersonalmodel.Nursingisaninterpersonalprocessoftherapeuticinteractionsbetweenthe
sickandthenurse

IdaJeanOrlando
Believedthatnursescanhelppatientsmeetaperceivedneedthattheycannotmeetthemselves.
NursingProcesstheory.

ImogeneKing
Goalattainmenttheory
Nursingisahelpingprofession

JeanPiaget
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Cognitivedevelopmenttheory
Sensorimotor,preoperational,concreteoperations,formaloperations

JeanWatson
HumanCaringModel.
Nursingistheapplicationoftheartandhumansciencethroughtranspersonalcaring.

LawrenceKohlberg
Three(3)levelsofmoraldevelopment:
Premoralorpreconventional
Conventionallevel
Postconventionallevel

MadeleineLeininger
Transculturalnursing.
Nursingisahumanisticandscientificmodeofhelpingaclientthroughspecificculturalcaring
process.

MargaretNewman
Healthasexpandingconsciousness.
Humansareunitarybeingsinwhomdiseaseisamanifestationofthepatternofhealth.

MarthaRogers
ScienceofUnitaryHumanBeings.
Humanbeingsaremorethananddifferentfromthesumoftheirparts.

MyraLevine

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Fourconservationprinciples:
conservationofenergy,
structuralintegrity,
personalintegrityand
socialintegrity

SigmundFreud
PsychosexualtheoryandPsychoanalyticTheory

SisterCalistaRoy
Adaptationmodel.
Eachpersonisaunifiedbiopsychosocialsysteminconstantinteractionwithchanging
environment.

VirginiaHenderson
Identified14basicneeds.
Nursefunctionstoassistclientsinperformingactivitiescontributingtohealth,recovery,or
peacefuldeath.

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MattVera,RN
http://nurseslabs.com

MattVeraisaregisterednurseandoneofthemaineditorsforNurseslabs.com.Enjoyshealthtechnologyandinnovations
aboutnursingandmedicine,ingeneral.

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