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23 Jan 2015
Chiller Types
By Compressor Type & Heat Rejection Mode
W/C Centrifugal
Centrifugal
Scroll
150-4000rt
Compressor Type
Screw
A/C Centrifugal
W/C Screw
A/C Screw
50-500rt
50-400rt
W/C Scroll
A/C Scroll
15-70rt
5-200rt
Reciprocating
Heat
Water-Cooled
American Standard Inc. 1999
Rejection
Air- Cooled
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
Vapour Compression
NON-Vapour Compression
W/C Centrifugal
absorption
W/C Screw
components of a
motor
condenser
control
panel
starter
evaporator
American Standard Inc. 1999
Impeller
blades
centrifugal compressor
Energy Conversion
static pressure
velocity
refrigerant
enters
diffuser
refrigerant
enters impeller
refrigerant
enters volute
Multistage Compressor
Condenser
refrigerant vapor
baffle
cooling
tower
water
tube
bundle
liquid
refrigerant
expansion device
Orifice Plates
orifice plates
to
evaporator
H1
Evaporator
tube bundle
liquid
refrigerant
chilled
water
return
liquid
distributor
eliminator
orifice system
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
Motor
motor
gear-drive
impeller
motor
impellers
direct-drive
gears
American Standard Inc. 1999
rotor
liquid
refrigerant
drain
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
control
panel
American Standard Inc. 1999
starter
Starters
line power
line power
control power
wiring
starter
control power
wiring
unit-mounted
remote-mounted
American Standard Inc. 1999
Comparison of LV Starters
Refrigeration Cycle
2-stage
compressor
economizer
condenser
evaporator
expansion devices
American Standard Inc. 1999
pressure
Refrigeration Cycle
Pc
P1
Pe
condenser
6
expansion
devices
8
economizer
7
2-stage
compressor
10
9
evaporator
C B enthalpy
A
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
pressure
HFC-134a
HCFC-123
atmospheric
pressure
American Standard Inc. 1999
temperature
Inlet Vanes
inlet vanes
impeller
Multistage Compressor
impellers
inlet vanes
American Standard Inc. 1999
Impeller Dynamics
Vr refrigerant flow rate
R
Vr
Vt
diameter
rotational
speed
refrigerant
flow rate
Compressor Unloading
R
Vt
full load
American Standard Inc. 1999
Vr
R
Vr
Vt
part load
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
Surge
Vr
R
Vt
Compressor Map
pressure difference
90
75
51
10
14
25
36
63
vane position
(degrees)
2-Stage Compressor
A
pressure difference
90
75
51
10
14
25
63
36
unloading line
Application Considerations
Adjustable-Frequency Drives
3-4% Losses
Kw/rt
load
AFD Centrifugal Chiller Requires LIFT Reduction to Save Energy
American Standard Inc. 1999
guidance
High efficiency
Significant demand
charges
Humid climates
Economizer(airside or free
cooling) that reduces low
load/low lift operating
hours
VSD
Factor in replacement of
VSD when performing life
cycle assessment
FL vs PL efficiency
VSD Chiller or Hi-E Chiller ( Fixed Drive)
SAME Price Option
Full Load
(kW/ton)
IPLV
(kW/ton)
a) VSD
0.572
0.357
0.501
0.430
(700 RT Chiller)
Fouling
factor
Based
Standard
efficiency rating
operating conditions
Path A
Path B
WC centrif. <
150 tons
WC centrif. 150
< 300 tons
WC centrif. 300
< 400 tons
WC centrif. >=
400 tons
Table is for
standard rating
temperatures
Non-standard
temperatures
and flows use
equation to
modify the
requirements
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
8.0
6.2 COP
6.0
4.0
( 7.3 COP)
centrifugal
>600 tons
screw
150-300 tons
scroll
<75 tons
reciprocating
<125 tons
2.0
0.0
ASHRAE Standard 90
90-75
(1977)
90-75
(1980)
90.1-89
90.1-99
90.1-2010
best
available
Efficiency Comparison:
MORE
INFO
Index Rating
AHRI Definition of Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV/NPLV)
1
IPLV =
1%
A
42%
B
45%
C
12%
D
1%
85F
(30C)
42%
57%
75 (24C)
65 (18C)
Purpose
Establish
definitions, testing,
and rating requirements
Scope
Factory
designed and
prefabricated water chillers
Vapor-compression
refrigeration
Air-cooled
and water-cooled
condensing
Selection Printout
American
American Standard
StandardInc.
Inc.1999
1999
air-cooled
components of a
compressor motor
liquid/vapor
separator
oil separator
condense
r
control
panel
starter
evaporator
American Standard Inc. 1999
compressor...
Helical Rotors
compressor...
Helical Rotors
female rotor
male rotor
housing
slide valve
American Standard Inc. 1999
Oil Separator
refrigerant vapor
to condenser
refrigerant vapor
and oil mixture
water-cooled
Condenser
refrigerant vapor
baffle
cooling
tower
water
subcooler
liquid
refrigerant
tube bundle
air-cooled
Condenser
propeller fan
condenser
coil
outdoor air
subcooler
American Standard Inc. 1999
Orifice Plates
orifice plates
to
evaporator
refrigerant
vapor
chilled
water
supply
tube bundle
chilled
water
return
liquid level
sensor
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
chilled
water
return
refrigerant
vapor
tube bundle
American Standard Inc. 1999
liquid
refrigerant
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC010-EN
control
panel
starter
Refrigeration Cycle
condenser
pressure
expansion
device
liquid/vapor
separator
7
6
evaporator
enthalpy
compressor
1
Refrigerants
Application Considerations
American
American Standard
StandardInc.
Inc.1999
1999
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Illustration Only
STD
AFD Type
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
condenser types
Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled
air-cooled or water-cooled
Comparison
air-cooled
water-cooled
Lower maintenance
Packaged system
Addendum CH
Path A
Path B
Purpose
Establish
definitions, testing,
and rating requirements
Scope
Factory
designed and
prefabricated water chillers
Vapor-compression
refrigeration
Air-cooled
and water-cooled
condensing
Summary
Q&A