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How can we enable

rural Indians to stop


open defecation?
Data and Analysis source:

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Why Is It Important?

PUBLIC HEALTH

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Use of toilets by ALL (100%) members of the community is necessary


to significantly reduce fecally transmitted diseases.

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Why Is It Important? Sanitation- related diseases are major killers.


Diarrhoea - 88% of which is

due to poor water and


sanitation.
Diarrhoea kills more

children than HIV/AIDS,


malaria and measles
combined.

Diarrhoea Deaths (under 5 years)

>

Malaria Deaths (under 5 years)


HIV/AIDS Deaths (under 5 years)
Measles Deaths (under 5 years)

Fatalities attributed to sanitation- related diseases outnumber the


fatalities caused by Malaria, HIV/AIDS and Measles COMBINED.
Most diarrhoea - related deaths are children.

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Sources:
Department for International Development, Water Sanitation and Hygiene Evidence Paper, May 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/disease.html

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Why Is It Important? CHILDREN pay the price for the lack of sanitation.
4650 children died every day in India in 2011 for every 1000 children

born, 61 are unlikely to make it to their 5th birthday. One of the major
reasons for this, is poor sanitation.

3 children die EVERY MINUTE


and poor sanitation is one of the reasons.

The Ask

HOW

Sources:
http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/09/13/almost-5000-indian-children-die-daily/

Analysis

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

How Many People Do It?


People defecating
in the open in India

TOILET

Out of 10 people
who practice
open defecation
across the world,
6 live in India

>>>>>>>>>

People defecating
in the open in China,
Pakistan and Nepal
put together

ELSEWHERE

7 out of 10

9 TIMES THE NUMBER

Indians living
in villages
defecate in
the open.

Sources:
Progress on Drinking Water & Sanitation: 2012 Update; UNICEF, WHO - http://www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf
Census 2011

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Why Do People Defecate In The Open?


REASON 1:
Not enough toilets have been constructed and where constructed
they are not all usable.
REASON 2:
Even when usable toilets are available, people do not use them.

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Sources:
Water and Sanitation Programme, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, A decade after the Total Sanitation Campaign, Rapid Assessment of Processes and Outcomes. Volume 1

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

69% OF INDIANS IN VILLAGES DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO A TOILET


Access has grown by less than 10% in
the last 10 years - from 22% in 2001 to
31% in 2011.

GROWTH IN ACCESS

TIME (yrs.)

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Sources:
Census 2011
Water and Sanitation Programme, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, A decade after the Total Sanitation Campaign, Rapid Assessment of Processes and Outcomes. Volume 1
From Outlays to Outcomes, Understanding the Status of Rural Sanitation Data, Avani Kapur, Saamia Ibrahim,Accountability Initiative, Centre for Policy Research (CPR) for the State of Sanitation Project, Arghyam

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

WHY DO PEOPLE NOT HAVE ACCESS TO TOILETS?


Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan Scheme

`9100
per family for

buillding toilets

Awareness is very low and


delivery of the scheme is poor

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

While sanitation is a priority to women, men do not


recognise its importance. In situations where men
are responsible for taking investment decisions,
sanitation takes lesser priority
Sources:
Sanitation Markets: Using economics to improve the delivery of services along the sanitation value chain Pathfinder paper, 2012
Strategic communication for total sanitation campaign;
Arghyam survey in Davangere district, Karnataka

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Toilet Construction does not automatically translate into toilet usage.

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Sources:
Water and Sanitation Programme, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, A decade after the Total
Sanitation Campaign, Rapid Assessment of Processes and Outcomes. Volume 1
Strategic communication for total sanitation campaign

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

Some key reasons for not using toilets include:

Fear of bringing waste


close to home and
dealing with it
The Ask

HOW

Analysis

Poor Water Supply

Poor Quality
Construction

Sources:
Gonzalez, Pathways to sustainability in Community Led Total Sanitation. PhD Thesis available at:
http://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31520/Pathways%20to%20sustainability%20in%20community_5653.pdf?sequence=16;
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Rural Development, Toward Nirmal Bharat, Rural Sanitation and
Hygiene Strategy 2012-2022, published on 4 July 2011

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

How Do We Ensure Access?


Focus on rural men and connecting the

image of a responsible man as someone who


will build sanitation facilities for the women
in his family
Improve delivery mechanism

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

How Do We Ensure Usage?


Build better toilets with more space, light and better ventilation,
that would use less water and can be maintained easily.

The Ask

HOW

Analysis

HOW CAN WE REDUCE OPEN DEFECATION?

What Is Needed Now?


Monitor usage of toilets and not just

their construction.
Encourage access and usage in mission

mode by:
1) Hiring more people (swachata doots) to
implement and training them better to
create demand and sustain usage
2) Designing better toilets - in terms of
enhancing user experience and using
technologies that don't negatively
impact groundwater quality.
3) Clearing choke points in the supply
chain and enabling smooth flow of
money
The Ask

HOW

Analysis

ventilation
proper drainage
water supply
good construction
improved sanitation
reduced health problems
cleaner, hygienic surroundings

Ask your Lok Sabha candidate:

How can we construct


more and better toilets?

fo

How can we
persuade people to use
toilets already built?

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How can we enable


rural Indians to stop
open defecation?

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