Professional Documents
Culture Documents
word
explanation
torackup
toacquirealototsth
toponyup
topayforsthpayasumofmoney
tocoughup
topayforsthwhinyouprefernotto
toputup
totap
tozeroout
topursue
toputadamperonsth
fee
rental
toprovidealargesumofmoneyforsth
touseallthemoneythatisavailable
reducetozero/cancel/remove
tocarryout/follow
tomakepeoplelessenthusiastic
anamountpaidforprofessionalservices
moneypaidforuseofaproperty
fixtures
pieceofequipmentfixedinsideabuilding
royalty
sumpaidtothefranchiser
rebate
amountofmoneyreturnedwhenyouhavepaidtoomuch
franchise
licencetotradeusingabrandname
collateral
guaranteeforthepaymentoftheloan
startup
firststagestageinfinancinganewproject
return
amountofprofitmadefromaninvestment
saturation
lofty
mode
toadhere
situationwherethemarketcannotexpandanymore
impressivelyhigh
particularwayofdoingsth
tofollowtherulesstrictly
unit2
word
emergingmarkets
linkage
conglomerate
extractiveindustry
intermediategoods
crossborder
greenfieldinvestment
explanation
maketsofcountriesthatarejuststartingtohave
influenceintrade
conectssystemstoworktogether
alargeorgconsistingofseveraldifferent
companiesjoinedbycontract
thatobtainsitsmaterialsbydrilling,miningfrom
underground
goodsthatarepartiallyprocessedbutarenot
finished
organizationsin2ormorecountries
directinvestmentinnewfacilitiesinvolvingabig
financialrisk
foreigndirectinvestment(FDI) longterminvestmentbyaforeigndirectinvestorin
anenterpriseresidinginaneconomyotherthenthat
inwhichtheforeigndirectinvestorisbased.
verticalFDI
horisontalFDI
withanindustryabroadthatprovides
inputs/distribution/furtherprocessingfortheproduct
ofbuyersdomesticbusiness
withacompanyabroadthatdoesthesame
businessasthebuyer.
downstreamoperation
relatingtooperationonwhichotheroprations
dependorthathappenbeforeotheroperations
upstreamoperation
relatingtooperationthathappensafteranother
operation
unit5
word
protectionism
disruption
explanation
protectingproducersinthehomecountryfrominternational
competetorsbybanningimports/creatingquotas
preventionfromworkinginanormalway
sweatedlabour
foothold
tariff
quota
demise
complacement
dire
asecurepositionthatprovidesabaseforfurtheradvancement
taxtopayforimporting/exportinggoods
fixedamountofsththatcanenteracountry
endofactivity/existence/termination
calmlysatisfiedwithonesself
terrible/dreadfull
toretaliate
repayaninjurywithasimilar1
tooutmode
tocausesthtobecomeabsolete
stateoftheart
technicallyadvancedaspossible
tobackfire
toproduceunexpectedandunwantedresult
advocate
personwhospeaksinfavorofacause
dumping
sellingproductscheaplyinanexportmarket
tosowtheseeds
unanimously
vehemently
virtually
sweatedlabour
todosththatwillhavenegativeeffectsinthefuture
sharingthesameopinionsasother/s
passionately
ineveryimportantaspect
peoplewhoworkveryhardforverylowpay
unit8
word
explanation
directtax
paiddirectlytothegovernmentfromtheincomeofindividualsand
companies
incometax
paidbyindividualsontheirwagesandsalaries
capitalgainstax(CGT)
paidonprofitmadefromsaleofstocks,bonds,preciousmetal
nadproperty
capitaltransfertax/deathduty paidoninheritedmoney/property
/inheritancetax/estatetax
corporationtax
paidoncompaysprofits
nationalinsurance
taxthatfundssocialsecurityunemployment,sickpay
indirecttax
onproducedgoodsandservices
valueaddedtax(VAT)/
consumptiontax
addedintheeachstageofproduction(excludingpreviouslyadded
taxesfromcalculation)andfinallypaidbytheconsumer
salestaxes
addedtotheretailpriceofgoodsbyretailers
excisetax/excisedutie/sin
tax/repressivetax
oncertaingoodslikealcoholandcigaretts
customduties/tariffs
chargedonimportedgoods
progressiveincometax(direct peoplewithhigherincomespayahigherrate
tax)
marginalrate
thatseparatespeoplewhodo/dontpayadditionaltax
regressivetaxes(indirect)
peoplewithhigherincomespayalowerrate
proportionaltaxes
imposedonafixrate
incometaxliability
anamountofincometaxthathastobepaid
taxburden/liability
anamountoftaxthatyouhavetopay
taxavoidance
usinglegalmethodstominimasetaxburden
taxshelters
investmentsthatcanpostponetaxpayment
taxdecutibles
donationsetcthatdecreasetheincomeliabletotaxations
taxevasion/dodge
illegalmethodtoreducethetaxburden
taxhavens
smallcountrieswhereincometaxesforforeigncompaniesarelow
itemizeddeduction
alistofdecustionsfromataxableincome
anexpencethatissubstractedfromgrossincome
deduction
capitalgains
moneyyoumakefromstocks,bonds
expences
costofgeneratingincome
amountofmoneyreturnedwhenyoupaytoomuch
refund
garnishment
3.partywitholdsyourwagestopayoffyourdebttoathirdparty
deduction
expencethatcanbesubstractedfromgrossincome
paidonhousesownedetc..
propertytax
taxbracket
categoryoftaxpayersdefinedbyhowmuchmoneytheymake
releasinginfoonyourtaxestoathirdparty
disclousure
exempt
nothavingtopaytaxes
disagreementabouthowmuchtaxesyouhavetopay
taxdispute
unit12
word
explanation