ABOUT

The 12th President of Afghanistan who rose to political prominence after the
removal of the Taliban regime in 2001. He won a second five-year term as President
of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in 2009.
BEFORE FAME
He took a postgraduate course in political science at Himachal Pradesh University
and eventually earned his Master's Degree.
TRIVIA
He was the victim of 4 assassination attempts between September 2002 and April
2008.
FAMILY LIFE
His father, Abdul Ahad Karzai, was Deputy Speaker of the Parliament.
ASSOCIATED WIT
HU.S. Vice President Dick Cheney was present at his inauguration in 2004.

ABOUT

Afghan politician who was elected as the President of Afghanistan in September

2014. He was previously an anthropologist who served as the Chancellor of Kabul
University as well as the Finance Minister.
BEFORE FAME
He earned his Doctorate in Anthroplogy from Columbia University in 1982 and
taught at Johns Hopkins University from 1983 to 1991.TRIVIAHe came in second to
Richard Dawkins on Foreign Policy and Prospect's poll of the Top 100 Global Thinkers
in 2013.
FAMILY LIFE
He married the Lebanese woman Rula Ghani. They have children named Miriam and
Tariq.
ASSOCIATED WITH
He succeeded Hamid Karzai as the President of Afghanistan in 2014

ABOUT

Film director, writer, and producer whose work included the films Lahza Ha, De
Konday Zoy, and Hijrat.
BEFORE FAME
He earned a scholarship to study film and television in Bulgaria.TRIVIAHe was made
the head of Ariana Television in 2005 and later the head of Shamshad Television.
FAMILY LIFE
His father was Mohammad Amin Nazari.ASSOCIATED WITHHe and astronaut Abdul
Ahad Mohmand both attended universities in Kabul.

ABOUT
The final King of Afghanistan, he reigned from 1933 until 1973. After the monarchy
fell to an early 1970s coup orchestrated by his cousin, Mohammed Daoud Khan, he
was exiled from his native country for nearly thirty years.
BEFORE FAME
During his young adulthood years, he studied in France at both the University of
Montpellier and the Pasteur Institute. Before his twentieth birthday, he became
Shah following his father's assassination.
TRIVIA
While in exile in Italy, he survived a 1991 assassination attempt.
FAMILY LIFE
His marriage to his cousin Humaira Begum resulted in eight children.
ASSOCIATED WITH
His grandson, Mustafa Zahir, was considered as a candidate for the 2009 Afghan
presidential election that was eventually won by incumbent Hamid Karzai.

ABOUT
Late politician who became the first President of Afghanistan after serving as the
Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963. He is remembered for his
progressive politics, pushing for causes like women's rights.
BEFORE FAME
He studied in France and served as the Governor of the Eastern Provinc in the mid30's.
TRIVIA
Both he and his father, Prince Mohammed Aziz Khan, were killed via assassination.
FAMILY LIFE
He was married to Princess Zamina Begum.
ASSOCIATED WITH
He and Hamid Karzai have both served as the President of Afghanistan.

Mullah Mohammed Omar, often simply called Mullah Omar, is the spiritual leader of
the Taliban. He was Afghanistan's de facto 11th head of state from 1996 to late
2001, under the official title "Head of the Supreme Council". He held the title
Commander of the Faithful of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which was
recognized by only three nations: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab
Emirates. He is thought to be living somewhere in Pakistan

Yamn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qim Mamd ibn Sebktegn (Persian:

) , more commonly known as Mahmud of Ghazni ( 2 ;
November 971 CE 30 April 1030 CE), also known as Mahmd-i Zbul (
), was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. He conquered
the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent (modern
Afghanistan and Pakistan) from 997 to his death in 1030. Mahmud turned the

former provincial city of Ghazna into the wealthy capital of an extensive

empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and
Pakistan, by looting the riches and wealth from the then Indian subcontinent.
He was the first ruler to carry the title Sultan ("authority"), signifying the
extent of his power, though preserving the ideological link to the suzerainty
of the Abbasid Caliphate. During his rule, he invaded and plundered parts of
Hindustan (east of the Indus River) 17 times.

Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jamaluddin Afghani

Religion

Islam

School

Pan-Islamism, Islamic Modernism

Pen name

Al-Afghn, Afghani, Al-Kbul, Kabuli, AlIstanbl, Ar-Rm

Personal

Born

18381839
Asadabad, Iran

Died

9 March 1897 (aged 5759)

Istanbul, Ottoman Empire(present-day
Turkey)

Resting

Kabul, Afghanistan

place

Religious career
Students

Muhammad Abduh

Sayyid Jaml al-Dn al-Afghn [1][2][3][4] (Persian: ) , also known as Sayyid Jaml adDn Asadbd (Persian: ) , and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 9
March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist in the Muslim world during the late 19th
century, particularly in the Middle East, South Asia and Europe. One of the founders of Islamic
Modernism[4][5] and an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity,[6] he has been described as being less interested
in minor differences in Islamic jurisprudence than he was in organizing a Muslimresponse to Western
pressure.[7

Ahmad Shh Durrn (c. 1722 16 October 1772) (Pashto: ) , also known as Ahmad
Khn Abdl (Pashto: ) , was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the
founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.[1][2][3][4] He began his career by enlisting as a young soldier
in the military of the Afsharid kingdom and quickly rose to become a commander of the Abdali
Regiment, a cavalry of four thousand Abdali Pashtun soldiers.[5]
After the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani was chosen as King of
Afghanistan. Rallying his Afghan tribes and allies, he pushed east towards the Mughal and
theMaratha empires of India, west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire of Persia, and north
toward the Khanate of Bukhara. Within a few years, he extended his control from Khorasan in the
west to Kashmir and North India in the east, and from the Amu Darya in the north to the Arabian
Sea in the south.[3][6]
Durrani's mausoleum is located at Kandahar, Afghanistan, adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in the
center of the city. Afghans often refer to him as Ahmad Shh Bb ("Ahmad Shah theFather")

Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai, commonly known as Najibullah or Najib, was the de-facto, though
unrecognized by the majority of the international community, President of Afghanistan from 1987 until
1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul. Wikipedia
Born: August 6, 1947, Gardez, Afghanistan
Assassinated: September 27, 1996, Kabul, Afghanistan
Succeeded by: Abdul Rahim Hatif

Education: Kabul University

Previous office: President of Afghanistan (19871992)
Children: Heela Najibullah, Moska Najib

Mohammad Najibullah
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mohammad Najibullah

President of Afghanistan

In office
30 September 1987 16 April 1992

Prime

Sultan Ali Keshtmand

Minister

Mohammad Hasan Sharq

Sultan Ali Keshtmand
Fazal Haq Khaliqyar

Preceded by

Haji Mohammad Chamkani

Succeeded

Abdul Rahim Hatif (acting)

by

General Secretary of the Central Committee

In office
4 May 1986 16 April 1992

Preceded by

Babrak Karmal

Succeeded

Position abolished

by

Director of the State Intelligence Agency

In office
11 January 1980 21 November 1985

President

Babrak Karmal

Prime

Babrak Karmal

Minister

Sultan Ali Keshtmand

Preceded by

Assadullah Sarwari

Succeeded

Ghulam Faruq Yaqubi

by

Personal details

Born

February 1947
Paktia, Afghanistan

Died

28 September 1996 (aged 49)

Kabul, Afghanistan

Political

People's Democratic Party of

party

Afghanistan
(Parcham)

Spouse(s)

Dr. Fatana Najib

Children

three daughters

Alma mater

Kabul University

Religion

Sunni Islam

Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (Pashto: ; February 1947 28 September

1996), commonly known as Najibullah or Najib, was the de-facto, though unrecognized by the
majority of the international community,[citation needed] President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when
the mujahideen took over Kabul. He had previously held different careers under the People's
Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following theSaur
Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low
profile bureaucrat: he was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran during Hafizullah Amin's rise to
power. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion which toppled Amin's rule and
placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah
became head of the KHAD, the Afghan equivalent to the Soviet KGB. He was a member of
theParcham faction led by Karmal.
During Najibullah's tenure as KHAD head, it became one of the most brutally efficient governmental
organs. Because of this, he gained the attention of several leading Soviet officials, such as Yuri
Andropov, Dmitriy Ustinov and Boris Ponomarev. In 1981, Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA
Politburo. In 1985 Najibullah stepped down as state security minister to focus on PDPA politics; he
had been appointed to the PDPA Secretariat. Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader, was able to
get Karmal to step down as PDPA General Secretary in 1986, and replace him with Najibullah. For a
number of months Najibullah was locked in a power struggle against Karmal, who still retained his
post of Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. Najibullah accused Karmal of trying to wreck his
policy of National Reconciliation.
During his tenure as leader of Afghanistan, the Soviets began their withdrawal, and from 1989 until
1992, his government tried to solve the ongoing civil war without Soviet troops on the ground. While
direct Soviet assistance ended with the withdrawal, the Soviet Union still supported Najibullah with
economic and military aid, while the United States continued its support for the mujahideen.
Throughout his tenure, he tried to build support for his government. Najibullah even tried to portray
his government as Islamic, and in the 1990 constitution the country officially became an Islamic
state and all references of communism were removed. This change, coupled with others, did not win
Najibullah any significant support. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991,

Najibullah was left without foreign aid. This, coupled with the internal collapse of his government, led
to his ousting from power in April 1992. Najibullah lived in the United Nations headquarters
inKabul until 1996, when the Taliban took Kabul. Najibullah is said to have been castrated by the
Taliban, and he was dragged behind a truck in the streets of Kabul before being publicly hanged.

Amanullah Khan was the Sovereign of the Kingdom of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as Emir and
after 1926 as Malik. Wikipedia
Born: June 1, 1892, Paghman, Afghanistan
Died: April 25, 1960, Zrich, Switzerland
Spouse: Soraya Tarzi (m. 1912)
Parents: Habibullah Khan
Grandparents: Abdur Rahman Khan
Uncles: Nasrullah Khan

Amanullah Khan (Pashto: , Dari: , Urdu: , June 1892 25 April 1960) was
the Sovereign of the Kingdom of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as Emir and after 1926
as Malik (King).[2] After the third Anglo-Afghan War, Afghanistan was able to pursue an
independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom, and his rule was marked
by dramatic political and social change. He was the first Afghan ruler who attempted to modernize
Afghanistan on Western designs. However, he did not succeed in this because of a popular uprising
by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to
neighbouring British India while Afghanistan fell into a civil war. From British India he went
toEurope where he died in Zrich, Switzerland, in 1960.