TOFD CV PDF

When inspection becomes service
Time Of Flight Diffraction

The AIB-Vinotte Approach
NDT - Special Applications
AIB-Vinotte Group
TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION

Inspections
Ben Verhagen
november, 2003
B. Verhagen (07/2003)
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Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc
AV- International N.V., Quality Management System and NDT activities are covered by an accreditation certificate delivered by Beltest, according to the European
standard EN-45001 and 45004 (type A), and NBN EN ISO 9002.
AIB-Vinotte Group - Offices : Breda, Botlek, IJmuiden (NL)- Antwerp - Brugge Vorst (Brussels) - Ouderghem (Brussels) - Charleroi - Gent Hasselt - Kortrijk - Lige - Namur (Belgium) - Abu Dhabi (UAE) -Dubai (UAE) - Doha (Qatar) Muscat (Oman) - Chalon-sur-Sane (France)
Houston, Florida, Michigan (USA) - Iseo (Italy) - Luxembourg (LU) - Geneve (Suise) - Karachi (Pakistan) - Budapest (Hungary) - Marokko - Tunesie Algeria

AIB-Vinotte Group
AIB-Vinotte is active internationally, and
offers a wide range of services aimed at
improving safety, quality and the environment.
It has the very latest measuring equipment,
some of which was designed by its own R&D
department.
European organisations. For the industry, this

makes us the ideal partner for interpretation
and implementation of European directives.
Thanks to a large number of cooperation and
representation agreements throughout the
industrialised world, your project can be
monitored from start to finish.
Although the AIB-Vinotte Group is a futureoriented company in every respect, it can also
boast about a rich past. Vinotte was founded
in 1872, and AIB in 1890. From the outset,
both companies worked to improve safety.
AVI have developed a wide range of activities
and services, aimed at meeting the fastchanging technological and commercial
requirements of businesses. Through its knowhow, AIB-Vinotte has established an
international reputation, which has now spread
all over the world. Over 1 500 employees
contribute every day to the activities of this
European-scale firm. Three hundred engineers
and 800 technicians place their competence in
the field of safety and quality at the disposal
of businesses. Over 38 000 companies
regularly call on their technical support,
consultancy or expertise.
AIB-Vincotte has positioned itself from the
outset as the Belgian representative in various
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the AIB-Vinotte Group offer services in

the field of :
Buildings and construction
Machines and CE-marking
Non-destructive testing
Certification

The AIB-Vinotte NDT Department performs

most kind of examinations available.
In addition, has proven through the years the
experience and reliability of all the different
examinations.
Environment
Transport
Food
Some of the surface examinations available

at AVI
Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI)
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)
Tele-visual inspections
Eddy current testing on heat exchanger coils
AV is a member of
IQNet = International Quality Network
EPERC = European Pressure Equipment
Research Council
ENIQ = European Network for Inspection
Qualification
ISA = International Supplier Auditing bv
Some of the volumetric examination available

at AVI;
X-ray and gamma ray examination
Digital X-ray and gamma ray examination
Manual Ultrasound examination
Fully and Semi- automated Ultrasound
examination
Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
Ultrasound testing using Phased Array
AIB-Vinotte NDT Department
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Example of a Pre Service inspection of a sphere with

TOFD
Ultrasonic testing PIMMS

Eddy current testing
Some of the special examinations available
at AVI;
Ferrite measurements
Helium-aided tightness test
Incotest
Material analysis (PMI)
Metallurgy lab
Non destructive testing on pipelines
PCM (Pipe current mapper)
Performance measurement and energy
management
Rotating machines
Thermography
Vacuum testing
Vibration analysis
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AVI integrates multiple fields of Activities:

AVI does Research and Development on
different fields and applications:
Implementation of new techniques and Codes.
AVI designs and manufactures Ultrasonic
probes for example the TRL Phased Array
probes: Transmitter Receiver Longitudinal
probes.
Robotic: development and fabrication of
scanning mechanism.
UT procedures: developments of methods
based on
International norms and codes.
AVI uses up to date specific hardware and
software and where deemed necessary
software will be written in house.
Training Standard Courses: Level 1 & 2 in PT,
MT, RT, UT Certification: SNT-TC-1a (ASNT)
or NBN EN473 (BANT).
A Characterisation lab is available with an
accredited Quality System
Definition and development of dedicated NDT
methods all expertise works requiring qualified
personnel in conventional and specialised NDT
Methods ASNT/EN473 L I- II - III VT, PT,
MT, RT, UT ,ET, AUT, TOFD, PMI,
INCOTEST, Vibration analysis, Leak testing.
Risk Based Inspection.

Qualifications and Accreditations:

EN 45 001
EN 45 004
EN 45 012 / ISO 14 000
Certification Quality Systems ISO 9000 / QS
900
ISO 9001
Certification Safety Systems VCA**.
ASME BPV Code Section VIII div.1 edition
2001 U-Stamp Code Case 2235-3
Qualifications
Fully qualified conform the ASME XI and
ASME III qualifications (Nuclear applications).
Why advanced Ultrasonic techniques
Because no ionising radiation is used, the
inspection does not interfere with the
production or construction process. Advanced
UT can therefore in general be executed
during day shift with other employees in the
neighbourhood.
There is no need for transportation of
construction parts or pipe spools to an X-Ray
bunker; the associated logistic problems and
cost do not exist.
Thickness variations do not greatly affect the
inspection speed. Also very thick materials can
be examined in the same fast and efficient
manner.
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The Automated UT data is very accurate and is

presented in an easily understood format. All
data is stored for future reference, such that
any evolution during a in service period can be
followed.
Improved inspection sensitivity and improved
inspection accuracy is achieved.
Proof of coverage by means of encoded
positioning.
The pre-service inspection approach is fully
based on procedures developed by AIBVinotte International conform the ISO 9001
quality system.
The pre-service inspection approach is based
on applicable specifications.
Because the high reliability the chance of an
unexpected shut-down or failure is reduced to
a minimum.
What is Time Of Flight Diffraction?
The TOFD technique is an effective fully
computerised inspection method for the
detection and sizing of flaws with accuracy
never achieved before. With the TOFD
technique which applies diffraction signals
instead of reflection signals type, location,
geometry or orientation of the anomalies is in
most cases irrelevant for detection and sizing.
In the TOFD technique a transmitter and a
receiver are placed on equal distances of the
weld focused at the same location in the weld.

The scanner with the probes is moved in most

cases swiftly parallel with the weld.
A transmitter sends compression waves into
the material with a great beam spread in the
through wall direction.
A compression wave will propagate from the
sender towards the receiver. The first signal
to arrive is the wave near the surface
travelling towards the receiver; this wave is
called a lateral wave (1). Because of the
beamspread the wave will also bounce back
from the backwall (4), the differences in time
give an accurate wall thickness reading and will
be used for time base calibrations.
When the beam encounters an anomaly,
diffraction signals will occur on the edges of
the indication.
A upper tip diffraction (or reflection of
indications with a volume) will mark the top of
an indication (2). A lower tip diffraction of an
opposite phase will occur from the bottom of
the indication (3).
Flaw size, position, location, and/or shape are
relatively irrelevant for the TOFD technique.
The diffracted signals will be send to the
receiver, the differences in timepath will give
a very accurate measurement of the through
wall height of the anomaly.
PCS
1 Lateral wave
2 Upper tip diffraction
3 Lower tip diffraction
4 Back wall refraction
5 Mode converted signals
Schematic view of a TOFD set up
A shear wave is also send into the material and

becomes a compression wave (or vice versa)
these signals are called mode converted signals
(5). The mode-converted signals can give
additional information of the detected
indications and also make it possible in some
cases to detect anomalies next to the weld.
1
+
RF
-
Time in seconds
Typical TOFD A-Scan
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By using an encoder and data recording system,

multiple A-scans can be recorded in the
parallel direction. The A-scans will be
manipulated by the software of the data
acquisition system and converted to a
greyscale, whereby the positive phases will be
visualised as white and the negative phases as
black.
Analysing will be done with software by using
simple geometry calculations. On not
straightforward geometries sophisticated
software can be used for analysing and
calculating the location of indications.
Schematic example of TOFD set up
Example of a TOFD scan
Applications
History
The TOFD technique is now in use for over 30
years and has been well proven. In the
seventies, the Time Of Flight Technique was
used for through wall sizing of in service

indications mainly on nuclear applications. In
the eighties TOFD was used as a tool for
detection and sizing in the nuclear and
conventional in service inspections, and by the
end of the eighties TOFD was recognised in
many cases in Europe as a Pre-Service
inspection tool. In the nineties the ASME rules
followed to allow TOFD as a primary inspection
tool to perform TOFD inspections on newly
built vessels and reactors ,first for wall
thickness over 4 and towards the end of the
nineties the Code has reduced the minimum
wall thickness from 4 (100 mm) to
(12,5mm). In addition, the Euro Norm EN 5836 describes TOFD as a method now in the 21th
century.
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TOFD can be applied on all low or non-alloyed

materials.
Moreover, TOFD can be used on most
geometries and weld configurations.

A reliable inspection can be performed

starting from wall thickness of 6mm and a
diameter from 80 mm. Inspections have been
done in many situations for example on
operating temperatures over 400C, under
water (Subsea pipelines) and on wall thickness
over 400 mm.
Welds can be inspected when they are partly
welded.
One of the major applications is on heavy wall
thickness to verify the absence of cracks and
lack of fusion not detectable with radiography.
Because the data is highly reproducible and
recorded on permanent data storage, TOFD is
an ideal tool for in service inspections and RBI
programs, the final data from PSI can be
compared with the new ISI data.
A great advantage is that the data is digital
and can be mailed or replicated on CD rom and
send around the world for a second opinion on
an offline data interpretation PC.
The improved accuracy and reliability of the
data can be used for fracture mechanics and
fitness for purpose calculations.
TOFD can be used as a primary tool for
detecting Hydrogen damages (HHA, HIC,
SOHIC etc), Corrosion (Root, Base materials
etc), cracking (micro and macro).
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Thickness range
8 mm < dd 15 mm
15 mm < dd 40 mm
40 mm < dd 60 mm
60 mm < dd 100
mm
Dd > 100 mm
maximum allowable length (lmax)

if the heigth of a embedded
defect does not exceed h2 or
the heigth of a surface
breaking defect does not
exceed h3.
lmax
h3
h2
dd
2 mm
3 mm
dd
2 mm
4 mm
40 mm
3 mm
5 mm
50 mm
3 mm
5 mm
60 mm
4 mm
6 mm
maximum
allowable
heigth (h1)
when the
length
exceeds lmax
h1
1 mm
1 mm
2 mm
2 mm
3 mm
Example of acceptance criteria (TO 50 rev. 1)
Approach to the Code Case 2235-3

Introduction out of the technical basis for
ASME BPV Code Section VIII div.1 edition
2001 Code ;
In 1996, Code Case 2235 was approved by the
ASME B&PV Code Committee which allows
ultrasonic examination of welds in lieu of
radiography for ASME Section VIII Division 1
and Division 2
(2000 PVP Conference, 11/09/1999)
The approach is performing an semiautomated inspection with a combination of
Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) and Pulse
Echo (PE) using the Phased Array technology
AVI has developed and validated procedures
conform the CC2235-3 on Carbon Seel TOFD is

an ideal tool for accurate sizing and detection

in weld volumes
TOFD is a fast and reliable inspection tool
Phased Array technology allows the use of
multiple UT techniques with the same probe
set on single line scan. The PE channels give an
extra confirmation on indications detected
with the TOFD channels
PE makes it possible to increase coverage of
the inspected volume width.
The PE channels make lateral positioning
possible
Amplitude comparative solutions are possible
where necessary
Inspection up to 4 (100 mm) in one single line
scan
Why TOFD inspections

The use of Automated UT results in the
following advantages for both manufacturer
and end user:
As no ionising radiation is used, a saving can be
achieved in construction time!
Example of the AVI Phased Array / TOFD equipment
The inspection does not interfere in most

cases with the construction program.
During the prefabrication stage, the
sometimes very large parts can be inspected at
the welding location without the need for
moving them to an X-Ray bunker.
During the site construction, welding can take
place around the clock because there is no
necessity to evacuate large areas for the
inspection.
The versatility of the technique allows to
decrease drastically the probability of missing
Example of a TOFD/PE scan
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a significant defect, the cost of missing a

defect can be lead to an unplanned shutdown
Because accurate sizing and locating is
possible, there will no lead to unnecessary
repairs
All data is digitally stored for future
reference
Because of the reproducibility of the data and
ability to size very accurate (in most cases
better than 0,5mm), TOFD is an ideal tool for
monitoring inspections.
Relatively fast, because a single line scan is
applied in most cases.
Example of latest TOFD equipment used by AIB-Vinotte
Why AIB-Vinotte?
The Division NDT from AIB-Vinotte
International puts more than 100 engineers
and technicians available to your services. They
are all specialised in various disciplines from
the non destructive testing, certified
according to European and international
regulations.
AIB-Vinotte International has a wide range of
modern material available which performances
are regularly verified in laboratories.
Many national and international references give
evidence of the competence and the renown of
AVI in the world of non destructive testing.
AIB-Vinotte is ready and qualified for most,
if not all possible Time Of Flight Diffraction
inspections.
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References
BS 7706
TC 121
Guide to Calibration and setting up

of the ultrasonic Time of Flight
(TOFD) Technique for the
detection, location and sizing of
flaws 1993
Draft Euro Norm
BS 4515
TOFD as a method for defect

detection and sizing
ASME BPV Code Section

VIII div.1 & 2 edition
2001
Code case 2235-6 Use of

Ultrasonic examination in lieu of
radiography, Section VIII, div 1 & 2
NBN ENV 583-6
European standard, TOFD as a

method for defect detection and
sizing
CEN/TC54/WGE/N51
European Unfired Pressure Vessel

Directive
TO 50 rev. 1 (WGAC
9613 rev 10)
Draft acceptance criteria for

TOFD (PMP/KINT project)
Technical
basis
for
ASME SECTION VIII
Code Case 2235 on
ultrasonic examination of
welds
in
lieu
of
radiography
2000 PVP Conference,11/9/99

by;
Mahendra Rana, Owen Hedden,
Dave Cowfer, Roger Boyce
Time
Of
Flight
Diffraction
BANT Newsletter
Procedure NDT AV 792
June 2000, By Ben Verhagen
NEN 3650-2
API 579 (FFS)
API 580 (RBI)
AS4307-1999
BS 4525
ASME V
ASME VIII pt 1&2
API 5L
ASTM E-273
Engineering applications
of ultrasonic TOFD 2nd
edition.
ASTM E-1961
ASME XI
API RP2X
CSA Z-245
API 620
ASTM E07.06
Australian Standard "Pressure

Equipment - Examination and
Testing
CIT in art. 4
vanaf 1/2 (12,7mm)
(TCPL pipeline application)

(Accurate Sizing)
Offshore Recommended Practice
Draft standard Practice for use of

the Time of flight diffraction.
The general procedure for TOFD

examinations
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Contact us:
AIB-Vincotte International
Advanced UT- NDT department
Koningslaan 157
1190 Vorst (Brussel)
Belgium
Phone; +32 2 536 84 31
Fax; +32 2 536 84 42
BVERHAGEN@aib-vincotte.be
AIB-Vincotte Nederland
Special NDT department
Heusing 2
4802 HW Breda
Netherlands
Phone; +31 (0)76 571 22 88
Fax; +31 (0)76 587 47 60
Info@aib-vincotte.nl
verhagen@aib-vincotte.nl
http:\\www.aib-vincotte.com
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Phased Array industrial advanced UT Procedures for carbon, stainless

and other alloyed steels
Introduction
The Phased Array Technology has been implemented for a few years now in the semi- and fully automated
UT inspections, for Pre and In Service Inspections (PSI and ISI) on all kind of carbon steels for
assessment on different degrading mechanisms. The Phased Array Technology has proven his value for
inspection applications.
Principles of the UT phased-array technique
The Phased Array concept is based on the use of ultrasound probes made up of a number of individual
elements that can each function separately as transmitter and receiver. Rapid electronics and advanced
software are incorporated into the acquisition system, so that one can generate several virtual probes
starting from one physical multi elements probe. The parameters of those electronic created probes, like
refracted angle in compression or shear wave modes, aperture and focussing properties can be easily set to
satisfy the requirements of specific and complex ultrasound investigations.
Ultrasonic testing of thick steel components in lieu of radiography.
All steel components were examined for decennia with the use of radiographic methods by codes
requirement because no reliable alternatives where available. There was also no need for an alternative
when time and place were not as restricted as now. Over the years the advanced ultrasonic inspection
techniques such as line scans, raster scans and TOFD became widely accepted for the In Service
Inspections. In the Netherlands the TOFD technique became even accepted for Pre Service Inspections
with its own acceptance criteria. For the rest of the world there was a breakthrough with the acceptance
of the ASME Code Case 2235 Use of Ultrasonic examination in lieu Radiography first on heavy wall
structures from 4 (100mm) and later the wall thickness is brought back to (12,5 mm). The approach
from the ASME has as main difference to TO50 rev1 (the Dutch acceptance criteria) that no technique,
inspector nor procedure is accepted before its proven to work on a realistic sample. To full fill all the rules
in the code it is generally necessary to use multiple line scans and multiple techniques to detect the
smallest required defect and to cover the volume to examine (weld volume + 1 or t.) All the different line
scans and techniques can be covered now in one line scan with the phased array technology which acquires
multiple TOFD scans and multiple pulse echo angles and techniques in one line scan on carbon steel.
The story on Austenitic and other alloyed steels is somewhat different. Years it was widely believed that
an inspection on stainless steels was only possible with radiography. With the development of new UT
probes with composite crystals and focused angle beams it became possible to perform an reliable
inspection, however an inspection with all the required probes is time consuming and expensive. The
knowledge and possibilities of a manual or automated ultrasonic examination is already for years available
at AVI and have been applied in nuclear power stations where the inspections take place conform ASME XI
and ASME III. The technology was also available for other industries and pre service inspections, however
these applications are very time consuming and not economic attractive.
Several realistic validation blocks in different materials and thicknesses have been investigated according
to the code requirements, using the phased array technology. The detection and sizing in the volume to be
inspected were successfully demonstrated. The qualification process for the UT examination procedures
using the phased array technology was conducted according to various codes (ASME Section I, para. PW-11;
Section VIII, Division 1, para. UW-11(a); and Section VIII, Division 2, Table AF-241.1, Cases 2235- 3 and 4,
ASME XI, ASME III BS PD 5500 and AD Merkblatt 2002, HP5/3), on different materials ( Carbon steels,
low-alloyed steels, Austenitic steels, casted Austenitic steels and 9Ni steel welded with a nickel based alloy
filler) and were assessed by different international Qualification and Notified Bodies.
The PA technology allows the detection, in one single translation parallel to the weld, of reflectors situated
in the entire volume and with the sensitivity required by the code.
The smallest imposed reference reflectors can be detected with a good signal to noise ratio.
AIB-Vinotte International has build a major experience on all kind of inspections and inspection
techniques and is now probably the market leader on the knowledge of Phased Array. AVI performs
momentarily inspections at most of the important constructors of vessels and reactors on alloyed and nonor low alloyed steels and is successfully qualified conform most codes.
Additional information: Ben.Verhagen@aib-vincotte.be
Verhagen@aib-vincotte.nl
Industrial applications of automated UT : AIB-Vincotte reference list

Client
Place
Start Date
Semi-automated UT
Type of intervention
PWR flexures
Component(s)
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
09/1983
Semi-automated UT
PWR flexures
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
02/1984
Semi-automated UT
PWR flexures
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
03/1984
Automated UT
Inconel welds of PWR safety injection nozzles
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
12/1985
Automated UT
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
05/1986
Automated UT
Austenitic steel welds of PWR main coolant pump
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
02/1989
Automated UT
Bimetallic weld
EdF
France, Chalon
02/1991
Automated UT
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
09/1991
Automated UT
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
06/1992
Automated UT
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
09/1992
Automated UT
Carbon steel nozzle-to-vessel weld of PWR pressuriser
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
09/1993
Automated UT
Austenitic steel weld of main coolant pump outlet nozzle
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
07/1994
Automated UT
Austenitic steel welds of PWR auxiliary piping
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
02/1995
DAIP
Morocco
03/1995
EdF
France, Paris
05/1995
Automated UT (TOFD, PE)
Pipeline girth welds (GMAW, 48", t = 14 / 17 mm)
Automated UT
Cast austenitic steel elbows of PWR primary piping
Automated UT
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
10/1995
Pipeline girth welds (SMAW, 36", t = 12 mm)
Distrigas
Belgium, Brussels
12/1995
Semi-automated TOFD
Carbon steel base material of spherical reactors
Austenitic steel base material of alternator retaining rings
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
02/1996
Jeumont Ind.
France, Blnod
03/1996
04/1996
Distrigas
Belgium, Boom
Semi-automated TOFD
Circular welds of PWR steam generator
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
05/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
05/1996
Jeumont Ind.
France, Jeumont
06/1996
Jeumont Ind.
France, Jeumont
07/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
07/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
Austenitic steel piping base material
FINA Oleo Chem.
Belgium, Ertvelde
09/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
09/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
Circular welds of PWR steam generator
Tractebel
France, Chalon
10/1996
Semi-automated TOFD
Bimetallic weld of PWR pressuriser
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
12/1996
Automated UT& ET
Vattenfall AB
Sweden, Ringhals
09/1997
Automated UT
Carbon steel nozzle-to-vessel weld of PWR pressuriser
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
09/1997
Semi-automated TOFD
Longitudinal and circular welds in aluminum components
AMOS
Belgium, Liege
10/1997
Semi-automated TOFD
Circular carbon steel welds of ball valves
Distrigas
Belgium, Zelzate
10/1997
Jeumont Ind.
France, Blnod
12/1997
Automated UT
Heavy wall carbon steel forging of cement oven
CBR
Belgium, Harmignies
01/1998
Semi-automated TOFD
Distrigas
Belgium
02/1998
Pipeline girth welds (SMAW, 40", t = 14.5 mm)
Distrigas
Belgium
02/1998
Semi-automated TOFD
Circular welds CS piping
Kemira
France, Lille
03/1998
Semi-automated TOFD
Distrigas
Belgium
03/1998
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AIB-Vinotte International NDT
9/12/2003

Component(s)
Semi-automated TOFD
Circular welds CS piping
Automated UT& ET
Semi-automated TOFD
Semi-automated TOFD
Semi-automated TOFD
Semi-automated TOFD
Expertise on rolling cylinders
Semi-automated TOFD
Austenitic steel piping base material
Semi-automated TOFD
Client
Place
Start Date
Jeumont Ind.
France, Porcheville
04/1998
Kemira
Belgium, Tertre
04/1998
Vattenfall AB
Sweden, Ringhals
05/1998
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
06/1998
Distrigas
Belgium
06/1998
Distrigas
Belgium
07/1998
Hoogovens
Belgium, Duffel
07/1998
FINA Oleo Chem.
Belgium, Ertvelde
08/1998
Distrigas
Belgium
08/1998
Pipeline girth welds (SMAW, 56", t = 19 & 23 mm)
Megagaz
Poland, Mogilno
09/1998
Semi-automated TOFD
ESSO
Belgium, Antwerp
10/1998
Semi-automated TOFD
Pipeline girth welds (GMAW, 40", t = 15 mm)
Denys
Belgium
12/1998
Jeumont Ind.
Belgium, Langerlo
04/1999
Jeumont Ind.
France, Vaires s/Marne
05/1999
Jeumont Ind.
France, Le Havre
05/1999
Jeumont Ind.
France, Jeumont
06/1999
Semi-automated TOFD
Reactor vessel head-to-flange weld (Tihange 1)
Tractebel
France, Chalon
06/1999
Jeumont Ind.
France, Martigues
06/1999
07/1999
Automated UT& ET
Vattenfall AB
Sweden, Ringhals
Automated UT
Thermal barrier Doel 2 (Cast stainless steel)
Jeumont Ind.
Maubeuge, France
08/1999
Automated UT
Austenitic steel welds of PWR main coolant piping
KKB
Switzerland, Beznau
09/1999
Automated UT
Retaining rings : ex - pont sur chambre3
Jeumont Ind.
France, Maubeuge
10/1999
Semi-automated TOFD
Stainless steel 30" pipe
Ineos
Belgium, Kallo
10/1999
Data-analysis
Specimen A & B (Austenitic steel mock up welds)
Netlab
Belgium, Brussels
10/1999
11/1999
Semi-automated TOFD
Heavy wall carbon steel forging of cement oven
Automated UT
Test specimen "SL"
Automated UT
Retaining rings : Phenix project
CBR
Belgium, Oubourg
Electrabel
Belgium, Brussels
11/1999
Jeumont Ind.
France, Marcoul
11/1999
Semi-automated TOFD
Expertise on Longitudinal SS weld
Data-analysis
Specimen C (Austenitic steel mock up weld)
Qualification
PDI qualification (IGSCC) for KKL
Semi-automated TOFD
Liquid gas sphere
Semi-automated TOFD
PSA - adsorbers: crack detection on vessel head
Semi-automated TOFD
Crack detection on vessels RD103 and FA201
Automated UT
MCP welds of primary circuit
Electrabel
Belgium, Doel
04/2000
Semi-automated TOFD
Carbon steel piping 6" to 16"
Kemira
Belgium, Tertre
05/2000
07/2000
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
01/2000
Netlab
Belgium, Brussels
02/2000
KKL
USA, Charlotte NC
03/2000
Lyondell
Belgium, Gent
03/2000
Totalfina
Belgium, Antwerp
03/2000
Petroplus
Belgium, Antwerp
03/2000
Automated UT
BWR recirculation piping welds
KKL
Switzerland, Leibstad
Semi-automated TOFD
Druw welds 2500
Electrabel
Belgium, Kallo
08/2000
Semi-automated TOFD
PSA - adsorbers: crack detection on vessel head
Totalfina
Belgium, Antwerp
09/2000
Semi-automated TOFD
Crack detection on Breech lock exchangers
Totalfina
Belgium, Antwerp
11/2000
2 of 5
9/12/2003

Component(s)
Semi-automated TOFD
Propyleen sphere: crack detection
Automated UT
Cimenterie - Tyres
Client
Place
BP (ex-amoco)
Belgium, Geel
Start Date
11/2000
CBR
Belgium
12/2000
02/2001
TOFD
Cooling water piping
Lyondell/ABB
Netherlands
Automated UT
Pressuriser - Dissimilar metal weld - Surge line
EBL -Tihange 1
Belgium
03/2001
Automated UT
Primary welds 2, Pump inlet and outlet
EBL -Tihange 1
Belgium
03/2001
Semi-automated TOFD
Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds of pressure vessel 2
EBL - Awirs
Belgium
05/2001
Semi-automated TOFD
TOFD GV3 Tihange 2, Nozzle feed water weld
EBL - Tihange 2
Belgium
05/2001
Semi Auto UT
High pressure
Diamant Board
Belgium
06/2002
Semi-automated PA-TOFD
PA TOFD&PE on W723 shell2pipeplate weld
BASF
Belgium
06/2001
Semi-automated TOFD
Totalfina
Belgium, Antwerp
06/2001
Automated UT
New welds primary circuit SGR Ti2
EBL - Tihange 2
Belgium
07/2001
Semi-automated TOFD
EBL - Kallo
Belgium
08/2001
Automated UT
14" CS weld (N17) pressuriser
EBL - Doel1
Belgium
08/2001
Jeumont
France
08/2001
KKL
Switzerland, Leibstad
08/2001
Jeumont
France
08/2001
EBL - Tihange3
Belgium
09/2001
Jeumont
France
10/2001
EBL - Kallo
Belgium
10/2001
10/2001
Austenitic steel base material of 4 alternator retaining rings
Automated UT
Recirculation piping welds BWR ISI2001
Automated UT
14" bimetallic weld of presuriser surge line
Semi-automated TOFD
Semi-automated TOFD
Pressure vessels
Degussa
Belgium
Semi-automated TOFD
Pressure vessels
Degussa
Belgium
10/2001
Phased Array TOFD / PE
Succesfull Qualification ASME CC 2235-3 (Coek, CS)
Lloyds
Belgium
01/2002
Automated UT
14" weld of presuriser surge line, Gravelines
Semi Auto UT
High pressure
Semi-automated TOFD
Automated UT
14" bimetallic weld of presuriser surge line - Qualification (BEZNAU)
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) PSI
Phased Array PE + TOFD
Carbon steel flange of of changer
Automated UT
14" bimetallic weld of presuriser surge line
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings (Doel3)
Austenitic steel base material of 1 alternator retaining ring (Gravelines)
Succesfull Qualification ASME CC 2235-3 (G&G, CS)
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS)
TOFD Inspection
Bridge Surface In Service Inspection
DEPEC
Oven piping crack detection
Phased Array TRL PE
Succesfull Qualification ASME CC 2235-4 (G&G, Stainless Steel )
TOFD Inspection
ISI at elevated temperatures
TOFD Inspection
Crack sizing at elevated temperatures (+/- 450C) ISI
3 of 5
EDF-GDL
France
02/2002
Diamant Board
Belgium
02/2002
Totalfina
Belgium, Antwerp
02/2002
NOK
SUISSE
02/2002
Coek
Belgium
03/2002
Air Liquide Feluy
Belgium
04/2002
EBL - Doel3
Belgium
04/2002
Jeumont
Belgium
04/2002
05/2002
Jeumont
France
G&G International
Belgium
05/2002
Limox
Belgium
03/2002
Holandia, RWS
Netherlands
06/2002
Electrabel
Belgium
06/2002
G&G International
Belgium
06/2002
Kemira
Belgium, Tertre
06/2002
Hydro Agri
Trinidad, West Indies
06/2002
9/12/2003

Component(s)
Automated UT
14" bimetallic weld of presuriser surge line - (BEZNAU)
Automated UT
14", 4" and 6" bimetallic weld of presuriser
Automated UT
Drilling tools - metal powder for hardfacing bonding
Phased Array TRL PE
Stainless steel 304 L (PSI)
Phased Array TRL PE
Qualifications on 9Ni steel base welded with Inconell filler (ADM HP5/3)
Austenitic steel base material of 1 alternator retaining ring (Dampierre)
Automated UT
Primary welds 4, NG and dissimilar metal welds
Phased Array TRL PE
Stainless steel 304 L casts reliability study
Phased Array TRL PE
Succesfull performance demonstration on Austenetic SS (BS and Shell Dep)
Phased Array PE + TOFD
Carbon steel flange of of changer
TOFD Inspection
ISI at elevated temperatures
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) Conform CC2235-4
Automated UT
14", 4" and 6" bimetallic weld of presuriser
1 800 meters weld 61 - 71 mm Carbon Steel Conform CC2235-3 PSI
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) Conform CC2235-3
Automated PA UT
Automated UT examination of surge line pressurizer Fessenheim1
Phased Array TRL PE
Inspection of 9Ni steel base welded with Inconell filler (ADM HP5/3)
Auto UT
GBL pressu Blayais 1
Austenitic steel base material of 1 alternator retaining ring
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) PSI Conform CC2235-4
TOFD Inspection
Pipeline +/- 1 600 welds conform NEN 3650-2
TOFD Validation
Conform EN538 for Bureau Veritas (Rotterdam, Antwerp and Paris)
TOFD Inspection
Inspection of long seams conform RTOD - EN 538
TOFD Inspection
Client
Place
Start Date
NOK
SUISSE
07/2002
EBL - Doel4
Belgium
07/2002
DBS Halliburton
Belgium
07/2002
Linde AG
Belgium
08/2002
Statoil
Belgium
08/2002
Jeumont
France
08/2002
EBL - Tihange 1
Belgium
09/2002
EDF
Belgium
10/2002
Shell
Belgium
10/2002
Air Liquide Feluy
Belgium
10/2002
Kemira
Belgium, Tertre
10/2002
G&G International
Belgium
10/2002
EBL - Tihange 2
Belgium
11/2002
Foster Wheeler / Exxon
Belgium
11/2002
Air Liquide
Belgium
11/2002
EDF-GDL
France
01/2003
Linde AG
Belgium
01/2003
EDF
France
02/2003
Jeumont
France
02/2003
Coek
Belgium
02/2003
WRK
Netherlands
02/2003
03/2003
AV NL
Netherlands
Kersten
Netherlands
03/2003
Inspection of 8 vessels PSI conform RTOD - EN 538
Siemerink
Netherlands
03/2003
TOFD Inspection
Inspection of vessel, FFP (montage)
Q8 - KPE
Netherlands
03/2003
TOFD Inspection
Inspection of vessel, PSI prefab inspection conform RTOD - EN 538
Sicon
Netherlands
03/2003
TOFD Validation
Conform RTOD - EN538 for Lloyds - Stoomwezen
Q8 - Sicon
Netherlands
03/2003
TOFD PSI Inspection
PSI TOFD fingerprint of 168 Welds
Hydro Agri
04/2003
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings Blayais 2
Jeumont
France
05/2003
TOFD ISI Inspection
TOFD ISI of vessel at elevated temperatures
Hydro Agri
05/2003
TOFD on Complex Geometries
Inspection of Nozzles en vessel inlets
Hydro Agri
05/2003
TOFD
Multiple welds
Electrabel
Belgium, Rodenhuize (Gent)
05/2003
Automated UT
Pressurizer surge linenozzle weld
Electrabel
Belgium, Tihange
05/2003
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings Cordemais 5
Jeumont
France
06/2003
06/2003
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) PSI Conform CC2235-4
SIF Roermond
Netherlands, Roermond
Succesfull Qualification ASME CC 2235-4 (CS up to 6" )
Lloyds Nederland
Netherlands
06/2003
Multiple Longitudinal and circumfrencial welds (thick CS) Conform CC2235-4 projects 52610 ABCDEFGH
G&G International
Belgium
07/2002
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings Chinon 1
Jeumont
France
07/2003
4 of 5
9/12/2003

Component(s)
Automated UT
Automated UT examination on primary circuit welds DOEL4
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings Gravelines 4
Client
Place
Electrabel
Belgium
Start Date
07/2003
Jeumont
France
08/2003
Stainless steel weld inspection on Llyondell PO 11 project
ABB Lummus - Heijmans
Netherlands
08/2003
Piping welds from Tangezchevroil project (Chevron - Fluor Daniel - GE NP)
Fabricom - Nuovo Pignone - PFD
Belgium
08/2003
TOFD
Piping welds from Tangezchevroil project (Chevron - Fluor Daniel - GE NP)
Belgium
08/2003
Automated UT
Automated UT examination of surge line pressurizer Beznau
NOK
Switzerland
08/2003
Semi Auto UT
Weld-o-lets inspection from Tangezchevroil project (Chevron - Fluor Daniel - GE NP)
Belgium
08/2003
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings La Maxe 1 Metz
Jeumont
France
09/2003
Stripscan TOFD / PE
Qualification conform CSW-01-N and CSW-05-E
Gasunie
Netherlands
09/2003
Succesfull Qualification ASME CC 2235-5 on piping
Chevron
Belgium
10/2003
TOFD Inspection
Presure vessels
Degussa
Belgium
11/2003
Automated UT
14" and 2x 6" bimetallic weld of presuriser surge line
EBL - Tihange2
Belgium
11/2003
Corrosion mapping
4' lines
CORUS Ijmuiden
Netherlands
11/2003
Austenitic steel base material of 2 alternator retaining rings rotor 408843
Jeumont
France
11/2003
5 of 5
9/12/2003

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When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

NDT - Special Applications

TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION

Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

European organisations. For the industry, this

the AIB-Vinotte Group offer services in

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

The AIB-Vinotte NDT Department performs

Some of the surface examinations available

Some of the volumetric examination available

AIB-Vinotte NDT Department

Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

Example of a Pre Service inspection of a sphere with

Ultrasonic testing PIMMS

AVI integrates multiple fields of Activities:

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

Qualifications and Accreditations:

The Automated UT data is very accurate and is

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

The scanner with the probes is moved in most

Schematic view of a TOFD set up

A shear wave is also send into the material and

Typical TOFD A-Scan

Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

By using an encoder and data recording system,

Schematic example of TOFD set up

Example of a TOFD scan

used for through wall sizing of in service

TOFD can be applied on all low or non-alloyed

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

A reliable inspection can be performed

maximum allowable length (lmax)

Example of acceptance criteria (TO 50 rev. 1)

Approach to the Code Case 2235-3

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

an ideal tool for accurate sizing and detection

Why TOFD inspections

Example of the AVI Phased Array / TOFD equipment

The inspection does not interfere in most

Example of a TOFD/PE scan

Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

a significant defect, the cost of missing a

Time Of Flight Diffraction.doc

When inspection becomes service

Time Of Flight Diffraction

Guide to Calibration and setting up

TOFD as a method for defect

ASME BPV Code Section

Code case 2235-6 Use of