International Journal of Medicine and

Pharmaceutical Science (IJMPS)

ISSN(P): 2250-0049; ISSN(E): 2321-0095
Vol. 5, Issue 6, Dec 2015, 85-96
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON APPLICATION OF INTRAVENOUS VEIN

VIEWER OF HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN PRIMARY SUCCESS RATE OF
INTRAVENOUS INSERTION, DURATION, EFFECT ONCARE GIVER AND
NURSES SATISFACTION
KIM JEOUNGMI1 & CHOI MIJEONG, RN2
1

Department of Nursing KAYA University, South Korea

2

Good Gang an Hospital South Korea

ABSTRACT
An experimental study conducted to investigate the intravenous application of vein viewer procedure for
hospitalized children and attempt to find out primary success rate and insertion frequency, duration, and effect on
caregivers and nurse satisfaction.
Method

nurses (10). Data were collected by Intravenous vein viewer application training and structured questionnaire. During
procedure primary success rate, duration, caregiver and nurses satisfaction were recorded and data analyzed by mean,
SD, and t test. Hypothesis examined by using* Fishers exact and paired t-test.
Results
Findings of the study of Intravenous vein viewer during the primary significantly increase the success rate of

Original Article

Study focused one group pre-posttest design, subjects were hospitalized children (20) and caregivers (20) also

application of the second group to 20% (2 = 12.130, p <.001). Duration also significantly reduced the number of
differences in the insertion circuit 2.05 the second group (t = 3.756, p <.001) Nurses satisfaction was tested during IV
Vein viewer applies the second group average 4.23 .199 1 group and difference is 3.02 .435 intravenous nurses
satisfaction of the second group increased significantly.
Conclusions
Application of intravenous Vein viewer shown primary success rate of hospitalized children is high, reduce the
number of insertion, shorter duration, effects of guardian and nurses satisfaction also found increase. So, the
researcher suggests that, intravenous Vein viewer application would be helpful and recommend increasing intravenous
vein viewer utilization in healthcare setting in order to reduce the discomfort and effective care.
KEYWORDS: Vein Viewer, Hospitalized Children

Received: Dec 01, 2015; Accepted: Dec 11, 2015; Published: Dec 14, 2015; Paper Id.: IJMPSDEC201511

INTRODUCTION
Purpose of the Study
While technology is constantly advancing, sometimes the medical imaging devices created can be too
complicated to be useful to a significant number of people. The Vein viewer is a break through medical imaging
device that is easy to use and is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for all health care professionals who
www.tjprc.org

editor@tjprc.org

86

Kim Jeoungmi & Choi Mijeong, RN

perform venipuncture procedures.

Vein viewer technology started up in Cold Spring Harbor, NY in 2007 and invented a tool that literally illuminates
veins. Small and portable Vein viewer is a medical imaging device that allows you to quickly find a patients vein without
undue hassle or trauma to the patient. This can be particularly helpful for those patients with difficult venous access
(DVA). By simply holding the Vein viewer about seven inches above the skin, the vasculature is clearly displayed on the
surface of the skin. Medical imaging device technology has finally provided a tool that can save valuable time for nurses
and patients. Vein viewer is based on a simple concept; Human blood absorbs infrared light and visualizes the veins.
Intravenous drug regimen intravenously in patients at Medical care institutions, It is an universal nursing actions
that are performed in order to supply blood and nutrients (Jacobson & Winslow, 2005).
Patients antibiotic required for treatment, solutions, parenteral nutrition, one invasive treatment is performed
most frequently to the patient in the hospital for infusion of blood products and has been reported to be used in 30-50% of
hospitalized patients (JoHyeonsuk, YuGyeonghee, 2001). When the intravenous administration of the drug the therapeutic
effect appears rapidly, it is possible to predict the plasma concentration of the drug. In order to maintain a therapeutically
effective blood concentration and a large amount of the drug also administered to the subject it can be easily (Hirnle
Craven, 2005).
Before intravenous injection nurses focus the factors associated with the successful outcome of intravenous
injection that, person's condition, age, the comprehensive assessment for such diagnosis and will decide the appropriate
intravenous injection mechanism and the insertion position due to the result (Infusion Nurses society, 2011; Royal College
of Nurses, 2010; Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 2008).
In preschool children intravenous insertion is the most frequent treatment suggested that treatment by using needle
insertion procedure for children had lot of research being perceived as the most painful sore (Stevens, 1981; Wong &
Baker, 1988; MunyoungKim, 1991).
Children are fragile blood vessels compared to the adult subcutaneous layer is thicker, younger age intravenous
injection or management when cooperation has not yet occurred (Frank, Greenberg, & Stevens, 2000) children veins are
very thin and slender. So, attempt to intravenous injection procedure is limited (Oishi, 2001).
In this study, intravenous application of hospitalized children during Vein viewer attempted to study the effect of
intravenous injection for the primary success rate and insertion frequency, duration, caregivers and nurse satisfaction.
The Objectives of the Study

To identify the effects for intravenous vein viewer primary success rate and insertion times of Intravenous
injection of hospitalized children.

To investigate the effects of parental satisfaction during Intravenous Vein viewer application of hospitalized
children

To identify the effects on Nurses satisfaction during intravenous injection of hospitalized children Vein viewer
application.

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.4638

NAAS Rating: 3.54

An Experimental Study on Application of Intravenous Vein Viewer of Hospitalized Children Primary

Success Rate of Intravenous Insertion, Duration, Effect on Care Giver and Nurses Satisfaction

87

Hypothesis

Intravenous Vein viewer application success rate of second group of hospitalized children are higher than the
primary group.

Intravenous Vein viewer application of second group of hospitalized children duration is less than primary group.

During Intravenous Vein viewer application parental satisfaction is higher the first group.

In vein viewer application second group, nurses satisfaction also higher than primary group.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Intravenous Injection and Hospitalized Children
Intravenous simply means "within vein". The law of intravenous injection is drug injected to the patients vein
directly by needle insertion (Korean Dictionary, 2013). When it is unable to administered enough fluid, drug or saline
orally and necessary to administer large volume of fluid and electrolytes are used Intra venous injection. (Medical Nursing
Dictionary, 2002).
In recent years, route of intravenous drugs are increased and stability ratio also higher for IV, nurses who are
responsible for the drug management and experienced high intravenous service are reported. (Lee Geumseon, 2005)
Children are particularly age-sensitive to infection than adults. They have low resistance and different from the
human body ingredients configuration than adults (Hongchanghee, 2008), Children are having thin blood vessels and
subcutaneous layer compared to adults, So inserting and maintaining the IV injection is much more difficult, (Frank,
Greenberg, & Stevens, 2000).
Intravenous injection site should be preferentially selected an arm with good stability places, and joints upper
extremity should be avoid (social care hospital infusion therapy practices, 2012). The pediatric patients can be used in the
upper or lower end intravenous insertion site (CDC, 2011).
To consider the developmental stage of the child, for example, infants are not able to walk with intravenous line.
Also it does not hold the line in hand is usually used so as not to interfere with daily life. Some cases new borns and infants
IV injection inserted into the head. For selection the needles should be depending on size and age of childrens vein, a
common choice of the small needle (usually 22 ~ 24G), most of the children (20 ~ 24G), which may be injection fluids and
medications smoothly insert and suitable (SongJiho et al., 2008).
Vein Viewer
Vein viewer invented by the United States of Christie Medical Holdings, Inc. Its developed state of the art
medical equipment Johns Hopkins and is currently being used in hospitals around the world, including Good University
Hospital, using near-infrared without contact with the skin, secure the position of the veins and is designed to make it
easier to find, safety, convenience, economy, and increased patient satisfaction with a new concept veins Navigator evenly.
This provides a bright image of up to 6 Lumens screen, clear, clean, skin 10mm as the equipment is the world's
only transmissive as possible to the bottom, the thickness of the imaging blood vessels by nearly matches the thickness of
the actual vessel EOP (Eye on Patient) IV It enables scoring. Each display screen has a contrast scaling, angiography
feature screen background color conversion functions; it is possible to switch between different modes it can be realized by
www.tjprc.org

editor@tjprc.org

88

Kim Jeoungmi & Choi Mijeong, RN

utilizing the best image for scoring.

Vein viewer was developed initially in 2005 by equipment that illuminates the position of peripheral veins on the
skin using a near-infrared light of 760mm. When near-infrared light passes through the skin and fatty tissue in the skin and
is scattered in all directions without a near-infrared absorbing roots, while vascular hemoglobin absorbs them. Vein viewer
will call this difference in two-dimensional image showing the running of the blood vessel on the skin. Near-infrared light
is no risk of burns to the eyes of the operator is not harmful marginal.
Vein viewer using a near-infrared laser as a no light source, at any part of the body can be used safely. However,
it is excellent because of the brightness light shining directly into the eyes is prohibited. Uptime battery is used for a long
time is available in 2.5 to 3 hours, so that, even when fully charged with the power cord, allows the use of equipment, it is
continued without stopping the equipment can be used. The body is equipped with a wheel to enable the movement of
convenient and safe equipment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Study Design
The present study focused single group pre-post-test design.
Population and Setting
This study conducted on 6th to 23rd August 2015 among hospitalized children with guardian and Nurses at G
Hospital in Busan, Subjects were 20 children and guardians and Nurse (10). Primary group divided into first group
(Tourniquet group) and the second group (Vein viewer group).

This study included mother of hospitalized infants under the age of 1-36 months.

Children receiving 24G intravenous peripheral vascular catheter in back of the hand or foot.

Children admitted in the hospital less than 1 time.

Hospitalized children with DIVA score 3 points or more before intravenously

Guardian of the hospitalized children allowed participating in the study

Nurses who had 2-8 years of working experience in children intravenous wards are selected to this study.
The effect of the Vein viewer assessed by level of significance 0.005 formula of Cohen (1988), study samples

were 17, the selection criteria for a group of 20 samples in a group.

Research Tools

Vein viewer
Using near-infrared without contact with the skin, secure the position of veins and is designed to make it easier to

find, safety, convenience, economy, and evenly with a new concept veins navigator and patient satisfaction increased.
Laminate construction produced by the Vein Viewer device is the IR filter and a device using near infrared rays to
penetrate the camera and to separate the near-infrared saturation of hemoglobin absorption area by the near-infrared light in
the tissue and skin without causing skin damage fat and projecting the expanded image of the patient's skin, the
subcutaneous blood vessel, and a mechanism (course burnt Tino, TG, MD, Parikh, AK, MD, 2005).
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.4638

NAAS Rating: 3.54

An Experimental Study on Application of Intravenous Vein Viewer of Hospitalized Children Primary

Success Rate of Intravenous Insertion, Duration, Effect on Care Giver and Nurses Satisfaction

89

Intravenously Primary Success Rate

If one circuit successful when intravenously insert means in this study and the like to study the factors that can

affect the success of the catheter insertion targeting 615 pediatric patients using a clinical prediction tool in conduit insert
in DIVA (Difficult Intravenous Access) according to the score based on the scores measured in three points to measure the
primary success rate at the time of intravenous insertion, Kenneth (2008).
DIVA (difficult intravenous access) was Cronbach's = .813 of the score.
Table 1
Predictors
(Variables)
Visible of vein
after applying
tourniquet
Touching vein
After applying
tourniquet
Participants Age
Past admission
history

Score
Seen

Un seen

Allow to
touch
0
>3years
0
Yes
0

Not allowed to touch

2
12~24mn
<12mnths
1
3
NO
3

Insert the number of successful intravenous insertion done until the BD Angiocath Plus 24G to measure the total
number of peripheral veins.

Intravenous insertion by using Tourniquet 24G time was measured up to the time finish fixed after inserting the
needle into the peripheral vein in by timer minutes and seconds were measured .(UNIS, China, 2014).

Guardian satisfaction of Intravenous procedure was developed Davis (1988) to measure parental and patient
satisfaction with nursing services CECSS (Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale) questionnaire were
constructed by researcher and content validity Index (CVI) obtained from two nursing professionals, it
administered with 5-point Likert scale higher score(5) indicates high satisfaction. In this study, the reliability of
parental satisfaction with Cronbach's ( = .825. 6).

Intravenous Nurses Satisfaction Davis (1988) was developed to measure patient satisfaction with nursing services
CECSS (Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale) the JeongHasuk (1998) questionnaire reviewed by
experts and consists of 5-point Likert type scale high score means a highest satisfaction. In this study, the
reliability of nurse satisfaction Cronbach's ( = .950)

Research Procedure

Pilot study
This study conducted on 05-20thJanuary 2015 at G Hospital Pediatrics ward, 10 subjects(below 36months) were

selected for Vein viewer intravenous application and primary success rate and insertion frequency, duration, caregivers and
nurse satisfaction and ensure the reliability of the tool.

Research Assistant Training

Researcher and assistants were determined the purpose of the study and explained the study process and

www.tjprc.org

editor@tjprc.org

90

Kim Jeoungmi & Choi Mijeong, RN

intravenous vein viewer among nurses who has two years of experience at Busan G hospital in Pediatrics ward. Also
education was given about vein viewer procedure and questionnaires. After training, while nurses applying vein viewer the
nurses were enforced to assess DIVA score measurement and intravenous primary success rate and duration. After the
procedure research assistants recorded the times and score confirmed through discussion that does not match. The video
was shot repeatedly to minimize errors through the process of identification.

The First Group (Tourniquet Group)

The primary group 20 people subjects were selected at the hospital in same day, researcher explained the purpose

and procedures of the study to children and caregivers and obtained informed consent and allowed the participants to stop
during study in case of discomfort. Next, survey conducted by using structured questionnaire. Needle inserted
intravenously by nurse with Tourniquet for children, and measured DIVA score 3 points Tourniquet in the hands of
children. The researchers recorded the intravenous nurses primary success rate and insertion time, it taken hours to
conduct intravenously, time is measured from the time of inserting the needle into the peripheral vein and secure. Research
Assistant reaffirmed prevents possible errors in time by matching a record time and movie shot recorded by the whole
process. After intravenous injection the researchers investigated the intravenous satisfaction of nurses and caregivers.

Experimental Treatment
Primary group (Tourniquet groups) children were considered to be as an intravenous replacement of the second

group (Vein viewer groups). Same nurses were assigned to intravenous vein viewer application for second group (Vein
viewer groups). After one week the procedure and questionnaire were arranged in advance arriving in guiding the children
and guardian. After preparation a week needed to scan insertion, the second group (Vein viewer groups) and guardian
explained about applying Vein viewer intravenous injection and carried out by using a Vein viewer set of peripheral
intravenous injection sites. During procedure researcher recorded primary success rate and insertion frequency, Duration
by time to insert and secure the needle peripheral vein. Research assistants were shot a movie in whole process. After
application of intravenous vein viewer effects on guardian and nurses satisfaction were assessed.

The Ethical Considerations of Research

Researcher explained purpose and application of view viewer to the participants, after agreed by them obtained

informed consent.

Data Analysis
The data were collected analyzed with mean, standard deviation of a single group of primary group by using the

IBM-SPSS WIN 21.0 (Tourniquet group) and the second group (Vein viewer group). Intravenous homogeneity 2 test
analyzed by the Fisher's exact test, and the association between primary group and second test group was tested by 2 test
and paired t-test.

RESULTS
Intravenous application of hospitalized children during Veinviewer intravenous primary success rate and insertion
frequency, duration, results of the present study was to investigate the effect of nurse satisfaction and guardians as follows:

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.4638

NAAS Rating: 3.54

An Experimental Study on Application of Intravenous Vein Viewer of Hospitalized Children Primary

Success Rate of Intravenous Insertion, Duration, Effect on Care Giver and Nurses Satisfaction

91

General Characteristics of Subjects

Analyses of the general characteristics of the subjects were shown in Table 1. In sex of hospitalized children were
boys (65%), and girls (35%). Age between 6 months to 13 months and 30 months above. In type of birth were cesarean
sections (55%), natural childbirth (45%). Related health problems were respiratory conditions (55%), digestive problems
(45%) and children experience of hospitalization were more than once.
General characteristics of the guardian were an average age is 29 years old and Education College level (95%),
university graduate or higher (5%) were graduated in the majority.
General characteristics of the nurses had an average age of 25 years and less than five years of clinical experience
nurse for more than two years (60%) and more than five years (40%). Marital status all was unmarried. Last school is
college graduation (90%), university graduation (10%), an average daily number of IV injections are 7-9 times (70%), 4-6
times (20%), more than three times (10%) showed that the difference between weekdays and weekends injections. IV
training all received intravenous rating usually rating (60%) and in some rating (40%).
Intravenous Homogeneity Test
Intravenous injection site of the upper extremity of primary is45% and second is 45% and lower extremity of first
and second group each 55%. Table shown IV insertion direction of right in primary (55%) and second (40%). Left side
shown primary (45%) and second experiment (60%) on the left side of the first general information related to the
intravenous injection of the second group was homogeneous both as a result of the test Table 2.
Table 2: Demographic Data
Participants

Children (n=20)

Guardian (n=20)

Nurse (n=10)

www.tjprc.org

Characteristics
Male
Sex
Female
Age(In months)
Natural birth
Type of birth
Caesarean section
Body weight (Kg)
Respiratory
Health problem
Digestive
Yes
Hospitalization
experience
No
Age
High school
Education
University
Graduate
22~25years
Age
26~27years
Above 27years
Married
Marital status
Unmarried
Religion
Yes
No

N(%) or MSD
13(65)
7(35)
13.806.978
9(45)
11(55)
14.853.468
11(55)
9(45)
20(100)
29.902.864
19(95)
1(5)
25.301.342
10(100)
3(30)
7(70)
editor@tjprc.org

92

Kim Jeoungmi & Choi Mijeong, RN

College level
University level
2years-5years
Clinical experience
55years and above

9(90)
1(10)
6(60)
4(40)

Education

An average IV
injections / day

1(10)

4~6

2(20)

7~9

7(70)
-

10
Difference in IV
yes
injection Weekdays
No
and weekend
yes
IV injection
Education
No
High level of
expertness
Requirement of
Normal
expertness
Intravenous
proficiency
Some of expertness
No required

10(100)
10(100)
-

6(60)
4(40)
-

Table 3: Intravenous Homogeneity Test

First Group
Characteristics

IV insertion site
Intravenous
insertion direction

upper extremity
lower extremity
Right
Left

N(%) or
MSD
9(45)
11(55)
11(55)
9(45)

Second
Group
N(%) or
MSD
9(45)
11(55)
8(40)
12(60)

.001

.624

.902

.264

Fishers exact
The Primary Success Rate Compared Pre and Post Intravenous Injection
Hypothesis 1: "When applied intravenously in the hospital for children the success rate in Vein viewer of
secondary group is higher than primary group. The success rate is 75% of the intravenous result Vein viewer when
applying primary and secondary groups to be tested group did not significantly increase the success rate of application of
the second group to 20% (2 = 12.130, p <.001) Hypothesis 1 was selected (Table 3).
Table 4: Comparison of Primary Success Rate

Variables
Primary
success rate

Primary Secondary
(n=20)
(n=20)
N(%)

N(%)

Success

4(20%)

15(75%)

Failure

16(80%)

5(25%)

12.130 <.001

Comparison of Number of Intravenous Insertion, and Duration Pre and Post Intravenous Injection
The primary success rate of intravenous injection, insert the number, the result of analysing the amount of time
before and after intravenous injection.
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.4638

NAAS Rating: 3.54

An Experimental Study on Application of Intravenous Vein Viewer of Hospitalized Children Primary

Success Rate of Intravenous Insertion, Duration, Effect on Care Giver and Nurses Satisfaction

93

Hypothesis 2: Intravenous Vein viewer application duration of second group of hospitalized children are less than
primary group. "Results to be tested intravenously during Vein viewer applies the second group did not apply and 1.30
times the average the first experimental group significantly reduced the number of differences in the insertion circuit 2.05
the second group (t = 3.756, p <.001) H2 was shown (Table 4).
Table 5: Comparison of Insertion Times and Duration
Variables
No. of time
insertion
Duration

Primary
(n=20)
MSD

Secondary
(n=20)
MSD

Paired-t

2.05.759

1.30.470

3.684

.002

4.801.239

2.95.604

13.414

<.001

Hypothesis 3: "Intravenous Injection Vein viewer applies the second group of hospitalized children is shorter
duration than the first group did not apply. 'test-result shown during Vein viewer applies the second group average 2 min
95 seconds and group did not apply the first 4 minutes 8 seconds is significantly shorten than the time of the second group
(t = 5.998, p <.001) Hypothesis 3 was employed (Table 5).
Intravenous Guardian Satisfaction
Parental satisfaction was analysed during intravenous injection.
Hypothesis 4: 'Intravenous Vein viewer applies the second group of hospitalized children is higher parental
satisfaction than the first group. "Results to be tested during intravenous Vein viewer applies the second group average
4.37 .168 and primary group is 2.56 .276 parental satisfaction that intravenous injection of the second group increased
significantly as (t = -9.537, p <.001) hypothesis 4 was adopted (Table 6).
Table 6: Guardian Satisfaction
Variables
Guardian

Primary
Secondary
(n=20)
(n=20)
MSD
MSD
2.56.276
4.37.168

Paier-t
-8.935

p
<.001

Nurse Satisfaction
Comparison of Nurse Satisfaction before and after intra venous injection Table 7.
Hypothesis 5: Intravenous Vein viewer applies the second group of hospitalized children in nurses satisfaction is
higher than the first group. "Results to be tested during intravenous Vein viewer applies the second group average 4.23
.199 1 group and difference is 3.02 .435 intravenous nurses satisfaction of the second group increased significantly as (t
= -25.072, p <.001) H5 was accepted.
Table 7: Nurses Satisfaction
Variables

www.tjprc.org

Primary(n=10) Secondary(n=10)
MSD

MSD

3.02.435

4.23.199

Paier-t

-25.072

<.001

editor@tjprc.org

94

Kim Jeoungmi & Choi Mijeong, RN

DISCUSSIONS
This study application of intravenous veinviewer of hospitalized children was conducted in order to identify
intravenous primary success rate and insertion frequency, duration, effects on the caregivers and nurses satisfaction.
Professional training for nurses aboutrecent advanced intravenous therapy and modify the provisions of
intravenous therapy helps to find the route of vein injection (Bryant-Lukosius&Dicenso, 2004). Responsibility for
intravenous administration is an important role of the clinical nurse to remain stable and predictable problems that may
occur when working nurse (Moon Hee, 2006).
Findings of the study an application of Intravenous vein viwer during the primary application is successful in
experimental group of hospitalized children was high and the second group shown success rate with Vein viewer, insert the
number of the time and effect in many respects shorter could be expected. Thus, intravenous injection using Vein viewer is
thought to be effective and enhances the satisfaction of caregivers in a short time line for increasing the efficiency of care.
In this study researcher selected randomly selected one hospital with pediatric wards and conducted among
children admitted during study. Also it is limited to interpreting the results of this study generalize or expand. Nevertheless,
during Vein viewer intravenous application of hospitalized children in this study thought to be helpful to intravenous
primary success rate and insertion frequency, duration, caregivers and nurse satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Now a day it is very difficult to administer the medication or the fluid which is necessary for the treatment, and
difficult to draw the blood and also to access the veins in patients at hospitals for the nurses and the doctors. It is very
important to reduce the problem of locating the vein and minimize the time require for locating in.
In conclusion, application of intravenous Vein viewer shown primary success rate of hospitalized children is high,
reduce the number of insertion, shorter duration, effects of guardian and nurses satisfaction also found increase.
So, the researcher suggests that, intravenous Vein viewer application would be helpful and recommend increasing
intravenous veinviwer utilization in healthcare setting in order to reduce the discomfort and effective care.
Also some other suggestions as follows based on the above conclusion.

Vein viewer during intravenous application of hospitalized children is one of the proposals that could increase the
utilization of nursing.

Enable the development of indicators to judge the difficulty of the peripheral vascular vein when securing
admission for children and suggestions for the formulation of guidelines accordingly.

Description guardian researchers involved data collection only possible time to get the agreement has been made
with the target number of characters is limited to generalize write down. Subjects are very young and secured,
difficult maturation effects that may affect the results, but did the single group before and after design, research
cannot see the effect as a repeated measurement since it is difficult to examine the effect of the experimental
treatment exactly with the inequality control group before and after design Suggest.

Nurses satisfaction of Vein viewer by measuring the IV nurse from a single group of might be conduct among
more nurses and comparison between 2 or more hospitals.

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.4638

NAAS Rating: 3.54

An Experimental Study on Application of Intravenous Vein Viewer of Hospitalized Children Primary

Success Rate of Intravenous Insertion, Duration, Effect on Care Giver and Nurses Satisfaction

95

If in an emergency situation, the condition of the patient and require immediate vascular instability could be found
to secure the effect of the Vein Viewer in these patients were excluded from the study because of the group.

Vein viewer has seen the enlargement of blood vessels of the subjects were lucky interfere with the procedure
difficult to gauge the depth of problems due to the two-dimensional image.

REFERENCES
1.

Bregenzer, T. Conen, D. Sakmann, P. & Widmer A. F. (1998). Is routine replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters
necessary? Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(2), 151-156.

2.

Catney, M. R., Wakefield, B., Simpson, L. Domino, L., Keller, S., et al. (2001). Relationship between peripheral intravenous
catheters dwell time and the development of phlebitis and infiltration. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 24(5). 332-341.

3.

Kim Ok(2001). A study on the perception of uncertainty mother and child care needs associated with hospitalization. Kangwon
National University Graduate School of Education, Master's thesis.

4.

Kim Gyeiok (2004). Research for the venipuncture pain and anxiety of the mother preschool children. Central University
master's thesis.

5.

Larsen P, Eldridge D, Brinkley J, Newton D, GoffD, and Hartzog T, et al. pediatric peripheral intravenous access: does
nursing experience and competencereally make a difference. Journal of Infusion Nursing 2010, 33, 226-35.

6.

Lederman, R. P. Weigarten, C. G.& Loderman, E.(1981). Postpartum self-evaluation questionnaire, Measures of maternal
adaptation, Birth Defects. Original Article Series, XY11(6), 201-231.

7.

Lee Gyueun, Oh Myounghee, (2000). When intravenous sterile dressing on phlebitis decreased effectiveness. Basic Nursing, 7
(2), 76-191.

8.

Lee Young-eun (1992), postpartum Experimental Study on the Effect of confidence and satisfaction in performing nursing
mothers agreed how to achieve goals chosanmo role in the initial study, Nursing Society 22 (1), 81-88Liao,

9.

L. Jollis, J. G. Delong, E. R. Peterson, E. D. Morris, K. G.& Mark, D.(1996). Impact of an interactive video on decision
making of patients with ischemic heart disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 11(6), 373-376.

10. Melnyk, B. M. (1994). Coping with unplanned childhood hospitalization : Effect of Informational intervention on mothers and
children. Nursing Research, (Jan/Feb).
11. Moyniham, M. (1984). Assessing the Educational Need of Post-Myocardial Information Patients, Nursing, Clinics of North
America, 19(3).
12. Park Youngy -eol, Park, So - Young (1993). The effects of intravenous when the parents of the participating children and
parents to recognize pain Clinical Nursing Research, 1, 59-75.
13. Park Insuk, Munyoungsuk,(1995). Effects of cognitive behavioral anxiety reactions and psychological pain of the patient's
nurse nurses during blood collection and IV, Chungnam National University School of Medicine 22 (2), 97-116
14. Yen K, Riegert A, Gorelick MH. Derivation of the DIVA score: aclinical prediction rule for identification of children with
difficult intravenous access. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2008. 24:143-7

www.tjprc.org

editor@tjprc.org