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NATIONAL SPATIAL FRAMEWORKS
 
Lessons Learnt from International Experiences
 
Lessons Learnt from International Experiences
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TABLE OF CONTENT
SUMMARY1MAIN FINDINGS2CHINA: National Plan on New Urbanization10GERMANY: Concepts and Strategies for Spatial Development20REPUBLIC OF KOREA: Comprehensive National Territorial and Development Plan32MALAYSIA: National Physical Plan42MOROCCO: National Spatial Planning Scheme54
Cover photo: Riyadh night lights © Flickr/Thamer Al-Hassan Worked in black & white
HS/095/15
 
National Spatial Strategy of Saudi Arabia
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SUMMARY
The study seeks to inform the update and revision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) National Spatial Strategy by analyzing five international experiences on national spatial frameworks and identifying sustainable and progressive approaches. Case studies include
Republic of Korea, Germany, Malaysia, Morocco and China, Germany.
 Each country has been selected through a set of criteria collaboratively set by the UN-Habitat Headquarters and Riyadh Office. The scope of the study is limited to a literature review and desktop research for the five countries.The pre-selection criteria ensured all cases had sufficient information available to analyse, and were from geographically and economically developed and emerging countries. The criteria also included UN-Habitat’s assessment framework on sustainable spatial development, as defined by its compactness, social inclusiveness, integration, connectivity and resilience of cities. In order for the study to provide the most insight for the KSA context, the cases also address the development objectives of achieving balanced regional development, diversification of the economy and sustainable development in the face of unique environmental challenges. A table is included after the main findings sections to provide a synthetic comparison of the case studies.Each case has been structured into six main parts. The
first section
 provides a brief summary of the country and its current spatial framework. The
second
 explores the context and rationale for the current spatial strategy being reviewed. The
third section
 covers the process for formulating the national spatial strategy as well as its content and objectives. The
fourth section
 looks into the implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes. The
fifth section
 analyses the results and shortcomings based on the country’s evaluation as well as the current spatial outcomes of the country. The
sixth and final section
 includes a reference list for each case, as well as an annex that provides further background information.The case studies provide a cross section of experiences that can be used to inform the revision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) National Spatial Strategy. This diverse group of countries, experiencing both unique and common development issues, have adapted their own National Spatial Frameworks (NSFs) based on their country’s social and political context. At the same time, they address local and international pressures experienced through rapid urbanization, climate and environmental risks, and an increasingly globalized world. The study has identified seven key takeaways from the cases studies on NSFs:
1. Reflecting Supra-National Perspectives
 – Extending the scope of spatial planning frameworks to incorporate international considerations and cooperation, to maximize development opportunities.
2. Addressing Environmental Challenges
 – Integrating land use and environmental policies to create a sustainable environment, with an emphasis on protecting the natural environment, biodiversity and mitigating climate change risks.
3. Leveraging Economic Opportunities
 – Using spatial development policies to diversify the economic opportunities available and create interlinked economic clusters which support job development and economic growth.
4. Delivering Equitable Access to Basic Services
 – Addressing the disparities in service provision across all segments of society to provide equal opportunities.
5. Fostering Participation and Collaborative Implementation
 – Maximising the potential of the NSF through shared responsibility and accountability and by encouraging active investment at a nationwide level.
6. Measuring Success for Effective Implementation
 – A sound and well informed evaluation of spatial development outcomes which is suitably flexible to address the comprehensive nature of the NSF.

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