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Technical Guidelines
VACUUM STRESSES IN PIPE
Issuing Department:
Piping Engineering
Approval:
Document No:
Page:
PE-350
Supersedes:
1 of 12
Rev.
0
Previous Rev. Date:
N/A
7/31/02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
GENERAL .......................................................................................................................2
2.0
3.0
4.0
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Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
1.0
2.0
PAGE: 2 OF 11
July 31, 2002
GENERAL
1.1
This section deals with the calculation of the requirements for stiffeners for lines
subject to external pressure. The design of the stiffeners is included.
1.2
Piping Design provides a stress iso showing routing, support locations and the
boundaries of the stress problem.
DESIGN VARIABLES
(Pa) External Pressure - Generally the atmospheric pressure for cases where a full
vacuum condition could occur in the pipe.
(t)
Pipe Wall Thickness - Use the minimum wall thickness by subtracting corrosion
allowance and manufacturers tolerance (see Table 1).
(Is) The moment of inertia of the transverse cross-sectional area of the required
circumferential stiffening ring about its neutral axis parallel to the axis of the pipe.
(inches4)
(As) The cross-sectional area of the stiffening ring. (inches2)
(B)
3.0
Calculate required B:
Pa =
B
Do /t
= B=
Pa Do
t
3.2
3.3
Refer to Figure 204.1.3A or B depending on the yield strength of the pipe. The
procedure for using these charts is as follows:
i)
ii)
4-10
Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
iii)
iv)
3.4
4.0
PAGE: 3 OF 11
July 31, 2002
Is =
ADo (tL + A s )
14
Pd Do L
tl + A s
4.1.2
For carbon steel materials enter the right-hand side of Figure A or Figure
B at the value of B determined above, and for the appropriate minimum
yield strength range. (For other materials use the charts in Section VIII of
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.)
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
Compute the value of the required Is and compare with Is actual (from
4.1.1).
4.2
4.3
The stiffening ring can be welded to the pipe by either intermittent or continuous
welding. The total length of intermittent weld on each side of stiffener must not
be less than 1/2 the outside circumference of the pipe. The spacing between
intermittent welds should not exceed 8t.
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Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
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July 31, 2002
TABLE 1
MILL TOLERANCE FOR
PIPE WALL THICKNESS
SPECIFICATION
MINUS TOLERANCE
API 5L
API 5LX
API 5LS
ASTM-A53
ASTM-A106
ASTM-A120
ASTM-A134
ASTM-A135
ASTM-A139
ASTM-A155
ASTM-A268 and A269
ASTM-A312
ASTM-A333
ASTM-A335
ASTM-A358
ASTM-A381
ASTM-A409
ASTM-A671
ASTM-A672
ASTM-A691
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SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
VACUUM STRESSES
CALCULATE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LENGTH OF PIPE BETWEEN STIFFENERS:
PA =
B
B = P (D o / t )
Do / t
WHERE:
P = 15 psig
Do = 48
t = t - mt - C.A. = .500 - (.125 x .500) - .1 = .338
B = 15 (48/.338) = 2,133
Do/t = 48/.338 = 142
Refer to Fig. 304.1.3B
Section 413, Sheet 10
read L/Do = 4.6
L = 4.6 x
48"
= 18.4'
1211/1
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Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
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SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
VACUUM STRESSES
DESIGN OF STIFFENER:
PER PSADG, SECTION 4.13, PARAGRAPH 9.2:
Try
As = 4 x .375 = 1.5 in
Is =
B=
From:
bd3
12
.375 x 4 3
Pd Do L
tL + A s
12
2.0 in 4
15 x 48 x 18' x 1211/1
(.338)(18 x 12) + 1.5
= 2,087
Calculate Is required:
2
I =
s
A D o (tL + A )
s
14
Reqd. Is = 1.84
= (.00015) 48 2
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Copyright 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.
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Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
PAGE: 10 OF 11
July 31, 2002
VACUUM STRESSES
TRY ANOTHER DESIGN, USING THE ADDED STIFFNESS OF THE SHELL (PER ASME):
Try 3/8 x 3 Stiffener
3/8
3
.169
1.1
n=
n = .89
1.838-.89=.95
Neutral
Axis
.89-.17=.72
In =
In = (
bd 3
+ Ax 2
12
4.43 x .338 3
.375 x 3 3
12
12
+ (.375 x 3 x .95 2 ) = 2.65 in 4
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
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Vacuum Stresses in Pipe
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July 31, 2002
VACUUM STRESSES
tL + A
=
s
15 x 48 x 18' x 1211/1
(.338) 18' x 1211/1 ) + 2.62
= 2,056
I =
s
A Do (tL + A s )
14
Reqd. Is = 1.87 in
Criteria: