Electronic Fundamentals Module 04 Semiconductors Diodes

Module04.
(B1)ElectronicFundamentals
1.1a.SemiconductorsDiodes.
QuestionNumber.
1.
WhatgivesthecolourofanLED?.
OptionA.
Theactiveelement.
OptionB.
Theplasticitisencasedin.
OptionC.
Thetypeofgasusedinsideit.
CorrectAnsweris. Theactiveelement.
Explanation. The active element istheelementusedinthedopingofthesemiconductormaterial.AircraftElectricityandElectronics
5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Agermaniumdiodeisusedfor.
OptionA.
rectification.
OptionB.
voltagestabilization.
OptionC.
modulation.
CorrectAnsweris. rectification.
Explanation. Germaniumdiodehastheleastforwardbiasvoltagedropandisbestforrectification.
QuestionNumber.
3.
WhyisadiodeputinparallelwithanLED?.
OptionA.
ToprotectitfromAC.
OptionB.
Soitwillworkonlyaboveacertainvoltage.
OptionC.
Soitwillworkonlybelowacertainvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ToprotectitfromAC.
Explanation. An LED has a high forward bias voltage drop butis easilydamagedwhenreversebiased.AC isthereforenotgoodfor
anLED.

QuestionNumber.
4.
Whentestingtheforwardbiasofadiodewithamultimeter.
OptionA.
thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedontheanode.
OptionB.
itdoesnotmatterwhichterminalthepositiveleadoftheohmeterisplaced.
OptionC.
thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedonthecathode.
CorrectAnsweris. thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedontheanode.
Explanation. To test forward bias, the positive lead of the multimeter must be placed on the anode. Note: If the question says
'moving coil meter' then it would be the negativeleadontheanode,sincethenegativesideofthebatteryinsuchameterisconnected
tothe+lead.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage113.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Thisisadiagramof.
OptionA.
anSCR.
OptionB.
aTRIAC.
OptionC.
aSchottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. anSCR.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
WhichofthefollowingdescribesthecharacteristicsofaThyristor?.
OptionA.
Highvoltagehandling.
OptionB.
Highpowerhandling.
OptionC.
Highcurrenthandling.
CorrectAnsweris. Highcurrenthandling.
Explanation. Athyristor(suchasanSCR)isahighcurrentswitching.
QuestionNumber.
7.
LightEmittingDiodes(LEDs).
OptionA.
emitlightofonlyonewavelengthdependentontype.
OptionB.
haveverywideviewingangles.
OptionC.
areeasilydamagedifforwardbiasedbmorethan5V.
CorrectAnsweris. emitlightofonlyonewavelengthdependentontype.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Inasemiconductorjunctiondiode,electronsaretheminoritycarriers.
OptionA.
withinthePregion.
OptionB.
withintheNregion.
OptionC.
inboththeNandPregions.
CorrectAnsweris. withinthePregion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Asilicondiode,whencomparedtoagermaniumdiodehas.
OptionA.
ahigherforwardbiasvoltage.
OptionB.
thesameforwardbiasvoltage.
OptionC.
lessforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ahigherforwardbiasvoltage.
Explanation. Si=0.6V,Ge=0.2V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thissymbolis.

OptionA.
atransistor.
OptionB.
adiode.
OptionC.
atriac.
CorrectAnsweris. adiode.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Thissymbolis.
OptionA.
aphotodiode.
OptionB.
alaserdiode.
OptionC.
anLED.
CorrectAnsweris. aphotodiode.
Explanation. Thephotodiodeisusedinreversebias.Theminoritycurrentincreaseswhenlightshinesonit.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Azenerdiode.
OptionA.
allowscurrenttoflowinonedirection.
OptionB.
stabilizesvoltageatapredeterminedlevel.
OptionC.
actslikeaswitch.
CorrectAnsweris. stabilizesvoltageatapredeterminedlevel.
Explanation. Zener diodes are usually used involtageregulatorcircuits.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage
385.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Ajunctiondiode.
OptionA.
issimilartoavacuumdiodebutcannotrectify.
OptionB.
hasonepnjunction.
OptionC.
canhandleonlyverysmallcurrents.
CorrectAnsweris. hasonepnjunction.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Reversebias.
OptionA.
raisesthepotentialbarrier.
OptionB.
lowersthepotentialbarrier.
OptionC.
greatlyincreasesthemajoritycarriercurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Adiodeconnectedacrossarelaycoilisusedto.
OptionA.
dissipatecoilspikesonswitchoff.
OptionB.
allowthecoiltoenergizewithonlyonepolarity.
OptionC.
causeadelayinswitchingon.
CorrectAnsweris. dissipatecoilspikesonswitchoff.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121readingmaterial.
QuestionNumber.
16.
To check theforwardresistanceofadiodewithamultimeter,theleadconnectedtothepositiveterminal
isputtothe.
OptionA.
anode.
OptionB.
cathode.
OptionC.
eitheranodeorcathode.
CorrectAnsweris. anode.
Explanation. To forward bias a diode with a multimeter, the positiveleadmustbeconnected tothe anode.Note:Ifitwereamoving
coilmeter,youmustconnectthenegativeleadtotheanodesincethepositiveendofthebatteryisconnectedtothenegativelead.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Athyristorhaswhichofthefollowing?.
OptionA.
Apositivetemperaturecoefficient.
OptionB.
Highresistancewhenswitchedoff.
OptionC.
Highresistancewhenswitchedon.
CorrectAnsweris. Highresistancewhenswitchedoff.
Explanation. Thethyristor(suchasanSCRorTRIAC)isbasicallyaswitchwhichprovidesahighresistancewhenswitchedoff.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Whatdoesthecircuitshowndo?.
OptionA.
Fullwaverectifier.
OptionB.
Halfwaverectifier.
OptionC.
Voltagedoubler.
CorrectAnsweris. Halfwaverectifier.
Explanation. The diagram shows a half wave rectifier. The capacitor is for smoothing the output. A full wave rectifier requires 4
diodesandavoltagedoublerrequirestwocapacitors.
QuestionNumber.
19.
InanLED,whatisusedtomakethecolour?.
OptionA.
Theplasticlenscover.
OptionB.
Theelectrons.
OptionC.
Thedopingmaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedopingmaterial.
Explanation. ThedopantiswhatgivestheLEDitscolour.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Anatomwith5electronsinitsoutershellispartof.
OptionA.
aCtypematerial.
OptionB.
aPtypematerial.
OptionC.
anNtypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. anNtypematerial.
Explanation. An atom with five electrons in its outer shell(pentavalent)willprovideanextra freeelectronandmakethematerialan
Ntype.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Athyristoriscommonlyusedfor.
OptionA.
overvoltsregulation.
OptionB.
voltageregulation.
OptionC.
rectification.
CorrectAnsweris. rectification.
Explanation. Athyristor(especiallyanSCR)isoftenusedforrectification.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Adiodewhichemitsphotonswhenconductingisa.
OptionA.
lightemitting.
OptionB.
varactor.
OptionC.
zener.
CorrectAnsweris. lightemitting.
Explanation. Photons=light,soadiodewhichemitslightisaLightEmittingDiode.
QuestionNumber.
23.
TheelectrodesofanSCRare.
OptionA.
gate,cathode,anode.
OptionB.
source,drain,gate.
OptionC.
anode,cathode,source.
CorrectAnsweris. gate,cathode,anode.
Explanation. The electrodes of an SCR are the anode, cathode and the gate. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page120.
QuestionNumber.
24.
WhatgivesanLEDitscolour?.
OptionA.
Agas.
OptionB.
Thecover.
OptionC.
Compositionandimpurityofthecompound.
CorrectAnsweris. Compositionandimpurityofthecompound.
Explanation. ItisthedopingelementwhichgivesanLEDitscolour.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Forwardvoltageofasilicondiodeis.
OptionA.
1.6V.
OptionB.
0.6V.
OptionC.
0.2V.
CorrectAnsweris. 0.6V.
Explanation. Si=0.6V,Ge=0.2VAircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111or113.
QuestionNumber.
26.
WhatisthetypicalvoltsdropacrossanLED.
OptionA.
0.2V.
OptionB.
0.4V.
OptionC.
1.6V.
Explanation. AnLEDvoltsdropistypically1.62.4V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Whatdiodegivesofflightphotonswhenforwardbiased.
OptionA.
LED.
OptionB.
Gunndiode.
OptionC.
Schottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. LED.
Explanation. LEDsgiveofflight(photons)whenforwardbiased.
QuestionNumber.
28.
The anode of a diode is connected to a +4V DC supply and the cathode is connected to a +2V DC
supply.Thediodeis.
OptionA.
forwardbiasednotconducting.
OptionB.
reversebiasednotconducting.
OptionC.
forwardbiasedconducting.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardbiasedconducting.
Explanation. Forwardbiasisanodetocathode.4Vfwdbiasand2Vreversebias,thediodeis2Vfwdbiasintotal.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Usingelectronflowinadiodethecurrentflowsfrom.
OptionA.
AnodetoCathode.
OptionB.
CathodetoBase.
OptionC.
CathodetoAnode.
CorrectAnsweris. CathodetoAnode.
Explanation. ELECTRON FLOW (i.e. American notation) is cathode to anode(againstthearrowdirection).AircraftElectricityand
Electronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Whenaholediffusesfromthepregiontothenregion.
OptionA.
OptionB.
itbecomesaminoritycarrierinthenregion.
OptionC.
Explanation. The potentialbarrier isformedbyholesdiffusingfromthePregiontotheNregion,(andelectronsdiffusingfromtheN
regiontothePregion).
QuestionNumber.
31.
Ajunctiondiode.
OptionA.
canhandleonlysmallcurrents.
OptionB.
issimilartoavacuumdiodebutcannotrectify.
OptionC.
hasonepnjunction.
CorrectAnsweris. hasonepnjunction.
Explanation. Ajunctiondiodeissonamedforitsonejunction.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Agermaniumdiode.
OptionA.
hasalowerforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
OptionB.
hasahigherforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
OptionC.
hasthesameforwardbiasvoltageasasilicondiode.
CorrectAnsweris. hasalowerforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
Explanation. Forward bias voltage of germanium diode = 0.2 V. Silicon diode = 0.6 V. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Whatswitchesoffathyristor?.
OptionA.
Reversebiasgate.
OptionB.
Removethegatevoltage.
OptionC.
Removesupplyvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. Removesupplyvoltage.
Explanation. To switch off a thyristor (such as an SCR)youmustdisconnectthesupplyvoltage.AircraftElectricityandElectronics

QuestionNumber.
34.
WhenanSCRisswitchedonithas.
OptionA.
lowresistance.
OptionB.
nochangeinresistance.
OptionC.
highresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistance.
Explanation. An SCR is basically a switch, which, when switched on has a low resistance. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
QuestionNumber.
35.
WhattypeofpulseisrequiredtoswitchonanSCR?.
OptionA.
Positive.
OptionB.
Negative.
OptionC.
Positiveornegative.
CorrectAnsweris. Positive.
Explanation. ApositivepulseisrequiredtoswitchanSCRon.
QuestionNumber.
36.
ApieceofpureGermanium.
OptionA.
iselectricallystable.
OptionB.
hasadeficitofelectrons.
OptionC.
hasanexcessofelectrons.
CorrectAnsweris. iselectricallystable.
Explanation. In a solid piece of semiconductor material, all the valence electrons are occupied in the covalent bond. It does not
conductelectricity.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Whenadiodeisforwardbiased,currentflowismainlyduetothe.
OptionA.
germaniumbiasjunction.
OptionB.
majoritycarriers.
OptionC.
minoritycarriers.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarriers.
Explanation. Forwardbias=majoritycarriers.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Whenadiodeisforwardbiasedthe.
OptionA.
positiveleadisconnectedtobothNandPtype.
OptionB.
positiveleadisconnectedtotheNtypeandnegativetothePtype.
OptionC.
positiveleadisconnectedtothePtypeandnegativetotheNtype.
CorrectAnsweris. positiveleadisconnectedtothePtypeandnegativetotheNtype.
Explanation. To forward biased, connect Positive to P, Negative to N. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
117.

QuestionNumber.
39.
ThetypicalvoltagedropacrossanL.E.Dis.
OptionA.
2V.
OptionB.
4V.
OptionC.
6V.
CorrectAnsweris. 2V.
Explanation. 2Vtypical.
QuestionNumber.
40.
WhatarethemajoritycarriersforaforwardbiasedPNjunctiondevice?.
OptionA.
Electronsandholes.
OptionB.
Holes.
OptionC.
Electrons.
CorrectAnsweris. Electronsandholes.
Explanation. MajoritycarriersareelectronsintheNmaterial,andholesinthePmaterial.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Germaniuminitspurestateis.
OptionA.
negativelycharged.
OptionB.
neutral.
OptionC.
positivelycharged.
CorrectAnsweris. neutral.
Explanation. Both germanium and silicon are neutrally charged, even when doped. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Whichdiodehasalowerforwardbiasvoltage?.
OptionA.
Silicon.
OptionB.
Germanium.
OptionC.
Bothhavethesameforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. Germanium.
Explanation. Siliconabout0.6V,Germaniumabout0.2V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
43.
AZenerdiodeisusedfor.
OptionA.
voltagestabilisation.
OptionB.
rectification.
OptionC.
voltageregulation.
CorrectAnsweris. voltageregulation.
Explanation. AZenerdiodeisusedforvoltageregulation.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
44.
AthyristorSCRisa.
OptionA.
bidirectionaldevice.
OptionB.
unidirectionaldevice.
OptionC.
multidirectionaldevice.
CorrectAnsweris. unidirectionaldevice.
Explanation.
http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/diac.html#c4
QuestionNumber.
45.
WhatcomponentisusedtoturnACtoDC?.
OptionA.
Thyristor.
OptionB.
Diode.
OptionC.
Transistor.
CorrectAnsweris. Diode.
Explanation. Although a thyristor (SCR) can be used, a diode is more common. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage113.

QuestionNumber.
45.
WhatcomponentisusedtoturnACtoDC?.
OptionA.
Thyristor.
OptionB.
Diode.
OptionC.
Transistor.
CorrectAnsweris. Diode.
Explanation. Although a thyristor (SCR) can be used, a diode is more common. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage113.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Whatisanintrinsicmaterial?.
OptionA.
Onewithaddedelements.
OptionB.
Onewithremovedelements.
OptionC.
Apurematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. Apurematerial.
Explanation. Intrinsicisapurematerial.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Thevoltagedropofasilicondiodeis.
OptionA.
1V.
OptionB.
0.7V.
OptionC.
0.3V.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
48.
AdiodeisparalleltoanLEDinanACcircuitto.
OptionA.
providecorrectamountofcurrentforLEDwhencircuitisswitchedon.
OptionB.
preventbackEMFinthecircuitwhenLEDisswitchedoff.
OptionC.
protectLEDfromACcurrentwhenswitchedon.
CorrectAnsweris. protectLEDfromACcurrentwhenswitchedon.
Explanation. ThenegativehalfcycleoftheACmustbebypassedaroundtheLED.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Inaforwardbiaseddiode,currentiscarriedby.
OptionA.
majoritycarriers.
OptionB.
both.
OptionC.
minoritycarriers.
CorrectAnsweris. both.
Explanation. Forwardbiasisboth,reversebiasisminoritycarriersonly.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Whencheckingadiodeforreversebiasresistancethepositiveleadgoesto.
OptionA.
anodeandnegativeleadtoearth.
OptionB.
cathodeandnegativeleadtoanode.
OptionC.
anodeandnegativeleadtocathode.
CorrectAnsweris. cathodeandnegativeleadtoanode.
Explanation. Positiveleadtocathode.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Zenerdiodesareusedfor.
OptionA.
Currentcontrol.
OptionB.
Voltagecontrol.
OptionC.
Temperaturecontrol.
CorrectAnsweris. Voltagecontrol.
Explanation. Comment/Reference(ifavailable).
QuestionNumber.
52.
OncestartedconductinganSCRswitchesoff.
OptionA.
onlywhentheanodegoesnegativetothecathode.
OptionB.
automaticallyafteraspecifictime.
OptionC.
onlywhentheanodegoespositivetothecathode.
CorrectAnsweris. onlywhentheanodegoesnegativetothecathode.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Inaforwardbiaseddiode,electronsleavethe.
OptionA.
theanode.
OptionB.
thecathode.
OptionC.
thedopedarea.
CorrectAnsweris. thecathode.
Explanation. explainAnswer[3]="Electrons jumpaccrossthedepletionlayerfromtheCathode (ve)totheAnode(+ve)torecombine
withtheholesandclosethedepletionlayer".
QuestionNumber.
54.
Diodesare.
OptionA.
conductors.
OptionB.
semiconductors.
OptionC.
Insulators.
CorrectAnsweris. semiconductors.
Explanation. Onlyanswerwhichiscorrectinbothbiasconfigurations.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Tofunction,i.e.conduct,ajunctiondiodemadeofsiliconrequiresaforwardbiasofatleast.
OptionA.
0.2V.
OptionB.
1.41V.
OptionC.
1V.
Explanation. Silicondiodesrequirearound0.7V,soaistheclosest.

QuestionNumber.
56.
WhatistheaveragegainofanOpAmp?.
OptionA.
20.
OptionB.
200,000.
OptionC.
200.
CorrectAnsweris. 200,000.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op_amp#DC_behavior
1.1b.SemiconductorsDiodes.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Tunneldiodeshavethefollowingcharacteristics.
OptionA.
HeavilydopedPNjunctionwithanextremelynarrowdepletionregion.
OptionB.
LightlydopedPandNregionsandahighreversebreakdownvoltage.
OptionC.
LightlydopedPregion,heavilydopedNregionandhasafastresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. HeavilydopedPNjunctionwithanextremelynarrowdepletionregion.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_diode
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thecapacitanceofavaractordiodeis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionalwithreversebiasvoltage.
OptionB.
alinearfunctionofappliedreversebiasvoltage.
OptionC.
directlyrelatedtotheforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionalwithreversebiasvoltage.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varactor_diode
QuestionNumber.
3.
Asemiconductordopedwithanelementhavingavalencyof5willproduce.
OptionA.
anNtypematerial.
OptionB.
eitheranNtypeoraPtypedependingonwhattypeofsemiconductormaterialisused.
OptionC.
aPtypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. anNtypematerial.
Explanation. Pentavalent materials make an N type material duetoitsextraelectron.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th Edition
EisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
4.
In a diode clamper, if the resistor is removed making the time constant equal to C x r where r is the
reverseresistanceofthediode,thiswillensurea.
OptionA.
longtimeconstant.
OptionB.
shorttimeconstant.
OptionC.
VeryLongTimeConstant.
CorrectAnsweris. longtimeconstant.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
PINdiodesareusedmainlyfor.
OptionA.
linearrectifiers.
OptionB.
fastswitchingdevices.
OptionC.
voltageoperatedrectifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. fastswitchingdevices.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
ToenableanIMPATTdiodetooperatecorrectly,itmustbe.
OptionA.
connectedtoaresonantcircuit.
OptionB.
usedinitsreversebiasmode.
OptionC.
operatedinitsnegativeresistancerange.
CorrectAnsweris. operatedinitsnegativeresistancerange.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
7.
Whattypeofdiodewouldbeusedtostopvoltagespikesacrossacoilofarelay?.
OptionA.
Gunndiode.
OptionB.
Doubleactingdiode.
OptionC.
Schottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. Doubleactingdiode.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_stabiliser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_diode
QuestionNumber.
8.
Whatisaschottkydiodeusedfor?.
OptionA.
Rectification.
OptionB.
Stabilization.
OptionC.
Veryhighfrequencyapplications.
CorrectAnsweris. Veryhighfrequencyapplications.
Explanation. Aschottkydiodehasverylittlejunctioncapacitanceandcanbeusedforveryhighfrequencyswitchingapplications.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Whenaholediffusesfromapregiontothenregionit.
OptionA.
becomesaminoritycarrierinthenregion.
OptionB.
OptionC.
Explanation. This is descriptiveofholescrossingthePNjunctiontoformthedepletionlayer.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thejunctionbarrieroffersoppositiontoonly.
OptionA.
holesinthepregion.
OptionB.
freeelectronsinthenregion.
OptionC.
majoritycarriersinbothregions.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarriersinbothregions.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pn_junction
QuestionNumber.
11.
Avalanchebreakdownoccurswhen.
OptionA.
reversebiasexceedsacertainvalue.
OptionB.
forwardbiasexceedsacertainvalue.
OptionC.
forwardcurrentbecomesexcessive.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasexceedsacertainvalue.
Explanation. Reverse biasing a diode will cause avalanche breakdown at a certain value. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
QuestionNumber.
12.
If forward bias is increased from zero on a pn junction, a rapidincreaseincurrentflowforarelatively
smallincreaseinvoltageoccurs.
OptionA.
whentheflowofminoritycarriersissufficienttocauseanavalanchebreakdown.
OptionB.
whenthedepletionlayerbecomeslargerthanthespacechargearea.
OptionC.
onlyaftertheforwardbiasexceedsthepotentialbarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyaftertheforwardbiasexceedsthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. A forward biased PN junction will conduct only when the forward bias voltage exceeds the junction barrier i.e Si =
0.6V,Ge=0.2V.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Abandpassfilterexcludesfrequencies.
OptionA.
belowthefrequencyrequiredonly.
OptionB.
aboveandbelowthefrequencyrequired.
OptionC.
abovethefrequencyrequiredonly.
CorrectAnsweris. aboveandbelowthefrequencyrequired.
Explanation. A bandpass filterexcludesfrequenciesaboveandbelowaparticularfrequency.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th
QuestionNumber.
14.
Inanunbiasedpnjunction,currentflowis.
OptionA.
zero,becauseequalbutoppositecurrentsarecrossingthejunction.
OptionB.
zero,becausenochargesarecrossingthejunction.
OptionC.
duetothediffusionofminoritycarriersonly.
CorrectAnsweris. zero,becausenochargesarecrossingthejunction.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Withasmallamplitudevoltage,whattypeofdiodewouldyouusetoproducetheoutputwaveform?.
OptionA.
Gunn.
OptionB.
Zener.
OptionC.
Schottky.
CorrectAnsweris. Schottky.
Explanation. The first part of the device is a basic RC differentiator, providing positive and negative pulses from the square wave
input. The diode blocks the negative pulses. Since the amplitude is small, a fast acting diode with a low forward bias voltage is
required.TheSchottkydiodefitsthebill.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Whatdiodeisusedtostoppowerspikesinacoil?.
OptionA.
Gunndiode.
OptionB.
Schottkydiode.
OptionC.
Twodirectionalzenerdiode.
CorrectAnsweris. Twodirectionalzenerdiode.
Explanation. Atwodirectionalzenerdiode(actually2zenerdiodesbacktoback)isusedtostoppowerspikes.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Whattypeofdiodewhenforwardbiasedholesandelectronsrecombineproducingphotons?.
OptionA.
LED.
OptionB.
Photodiode.
OptionC.
Gunn.
CorrectAnsweris. LED.
Explanation. Theword'photons'implieslightemissioni.e.alightemittingdiode(LED).
QuestionNumber.
18.
Azenerdiodeisdesignedtooperate.
OptionA.
belowitsbreakdownvoltage.
OptionB.
eitheraboveorbelowitsbreakdownvoltage.
OptionC.
aboveitsbreakdownvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. aboveitsbreakdownvoltage.
Explanation. A zener diode is designedtooperateaboveitsbreakdownvoltagecontinuously.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th
QuestionNumber.
19.
Atriacisatypeof.
OptionA.
thermistor.
OptionB.
transistor.
OptionC.
thyristor.
CorrectAnsweris. thyristor.
Explanation. Thyristorsinclude,SCRs,Triacsanddiacs.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Ifajunctiondiodeisreversebiasedtoofar,theoutputcurrentwould.
OptionA.
reversedirection.
OptionB.
ceasetoflow.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. increase.
Explanation. Ifajunctiondiodeisreversebiasedtoofar,itwill'breakdown'andahighcurrentwillflow.
QuestionNumber.
21.
WhenaPNjunctionisforwardbiased,itconductsvia.
OptionA.
intrinsiccarrier.
OptionB.
majoritycarrier.
OptionC.
minoritycarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarrier.
Explanation. Forwardbiasedmajoritycarriers.
QuestionNumber.
22.
IntheZenerDiodesuppressorshown,pointXinrespecttopointYshouldbe.
OptionA.
morePositive.
OptionB.
eitherpositiveornegative.
OptionC.
morenegative.
CorrectAnsweris. morenegative.
Explanation. AZenerDiodeisalwayswiredinreversebias.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage138.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Ifthereversebiasvoltageacrossadiodeistoohigh.
OptionA.
loadcurrentreducestozero.
OptionB.
loadcurrentincreasesrapidly.
OptionC.
loadcurrentreverses.
CorrectAnsweris. loadcurrentincreasesrapidly.
Explanation. Ifthereversebiasvoltageistoohigh,thediodewillbreakdownandpasscurrent.
QuestionNumber.
24.
AnLEDwhichemitsgreenlightuses.
OptionA.
galliumphosphide.
OptionB.
galliumarsenide.
OptionC.
galliumarsenidephosphide.
CorrectAnsweris. galliumphosphide.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.oksolar.com/led/led_color_chart.htm
QuestionNumber.
25.
AnLEDwhichemitsredlightuses.
OptionA.
galliumphosphide.
OptionB.
galliumarsenidephosphide.
OptionC.
galliumarsenide.
CorrectAnsweris. galliumarsenidephosphide.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Aphotodiodeisoperatedunder.
OptionA.
reversebiasconditions.
OptionB.
forwardbiasconditions.
OptionC.
reverseorforwardbiasconditions.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasconditions.
Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/photdet.html#c2
QuestionNumber.
27.
Toincreasecapacitanceofavaractordiode.
OptionA.
reversebiasvoltageisincreased.
OptionB.
reversebiasvoltageisdecreased.
OptionC.
forwardbiasvoltageisdecreased.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasvoltageisdecreased.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14179/css/14179_131.htm
QuestionNumber.
28.
Thediagramshowsa.
OptionA.
voltagedoubler.
OptionB.
halfwaverectifier.
OptionC.
fullwaverectifier.
CorrectAnsweris. voltagedoubler.
Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/voldoub.html

QuestionNumber.
29.
AbidirectionalTRIAChastwoSCRsconnectedin.
OptionA.
seriesparallel.
OptionB.
inverseparallel.
OptionC.
parallelseries.
CorrectAnsweris. inverseparallel.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIAC
QuestionNumber.
30.
Athyristorcanbeforwardbiasedbya.
OptionA.
positiveornegativepulse.
OptionB.
negativepulse.
OptionC.
positivepulse.
CorrectAnsweris. positivepulse.
Explanation. Positivepulseonly.
QuestionNumber.
31.
N'typematerialsaredopedwith.
OptionA.
acceptors.
OptionB.
acceptorsanddonors.
OptionC.
donors.
CorrectAnsweris. donors.
Explanation. N' type materials have excess electrons, therefore the impurity element is a donorofelectrons.AircraftElectricityand
QuestionNumber.
32.
Inanelectroniccircuit,iftheanodeofadiodeisclampedtoground.Whatisthiscalled?.
OptionA.
Anegativeclampingcircuit.
OptionB.
Anegativelimitingcircuit.
OptionC.
Apositiveclampingcircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Apositiveclampingcircuit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Todecreasethecapacitanceofavaractor.
OptionA.
reversebiasshouldbedecreased.
OptionB.
forwardbiasshouldbeincreased.
OptionC.
reversebiasshouldbeincreased.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasshouldbeincreased.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
34.
AZenerdiodeisusedacrosstheoutputforapowersupplycircuitto.
OptionA.
giveafullwaverectification.
OptionB.
preventthermalrunway.
OptionC.
provideasteadyDCvoltageoutputwithoutfalling.
CorrectAnsweris. provideasteadyDCvoltageoutputwithoutfalling.
Explanation. AZenerdiodeisthemaincomponentinavoltageregulator.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Ifadiodehasgoneopencircuitinafullwavebridgerectifier,theoutputfrequencyrippleis.
OptionA.
thesameastheinputfrequency.
OptionB.
twicetheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
halftheinputfrequency.
CorrectAnsweris. thesameastheinputfrequency.
Explanation. A fully serviceable bridge rectifier produces an output ripple twice the inputfrequency.Ifonediodegoesopencircuit,
oneoftheoutput'humps'dropstozero.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Inafullwavebridgerectifier.
OptionA.
theoutputispureDC.Frequencyis0Hz.
OptionB.
theoutputfrequencyistwicetheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
theoutputvoltageistwicetheinputvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. theoutputispureDC.Frequencyis0Hz.
Explanation. TheoutputisunsmoothedDCof2xinputfrequency.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Afterpassingthrougharectifier,alternatingcurrentbecomes.
OptionA.
smoothdirectcurrent.
OptionB.
pulsatingdirectcurrent.
OptionC.
squarewaveformcurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. pulsatingdirectcurrent.
Explanation. Assumingtherectifierdoesnotcontainanysmoothingcircuitry.
QuestionNumber.
38.
AZenerdiodeusuallyworks.
OptionA.
onlyinreversebias.
OptionB.
atvariablevoltages.
OptionC.
onlyinforwardbias.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyinreversebias.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
39.
P'typematerialsrequire.
OptionA.
acceptors.
OptionB.
conductors.
OptionC.
donors.
CorrectAnsweris. acceptors.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptype_semiconductor

QuestionNumber.
40.
Whichofthefollowingexplainshowthephotodiodeworks?.
OptionA.
Photodiodesareforwardbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
OptionB.
Photodiodesarebackbiasednottoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
OptionC.
Photodiodesarebackbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
CorrectAnsweris. Photodiodesarebackbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiodes
1.2a.SemiconductorsTransistors.
QuestionNumber.
1.
InanNPNtransistorthePisthe.
OptionA.
collector.
OptionB.
emitter.
OptionC.
base.
CorrectAnsweris. base.
Explanation. NPNorPNP,themiddleoneisalwaystheBase.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage116.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Whencomparedtoaphotodiode,aphototransistor.
OptionA.
islesssensitivetolightlevels.
OptionB.
respondsfastertochangesoflight.
OptionC.
isslowertorespondtochangesoflight.
CorrectAnsweris. isslowertorespondtochangesoflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Forcorrectoperationofatransistor,thefollowingconditionsmustapply.
OptionA.
Thebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiasedandthebasecollectorjunctionmustbegreaterthan0.7volts.
OptionB.
For an NPN transistor the baseemitter junction must be forward biased and for a PNP transistor the base emitter
junctionmustbereversebiased.
OptionC.
Thebasecollectorjunctionmustbereversebiasedandthebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiased.
CorrectAnsweris. Thebasecollectorjunctionmustbereversebiasedandthebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiased.
Explanation. EisminAircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionpage116.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Currentgaininacommonemitteramplifierisgiventhesymbol.
OptionA.
.
OptionB.
a.
OptionC.
Hcg.
CorrectAnsweris. .
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Whenapositivevoltageisappliedtothebaseofanormallybiasednpncommonemitteramplifier.
OptionA.
thecollectorvoltagegoeslesspositive.
OptionB.
theemittercurrentdecreases.
OptionC.
thebasecurrentdecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. thecollectorvoltagegoeslesspositive.
Explanation. Sketchthecircuitandworkitout.
QuestionNumber.
6.
WhichwaydoesconventionalcurrentflowinaPNPjunction?.
OptionA.
Emittertobase.
OptionB.
Collectortobase.
OptionC.
Collectortoemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertobase.
Explanation. Conventional current in a PNP transistor flows from EMITTER to BASE. Note: In an NPN transistor it would be
collectortoemitter.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Forconductionofatransistor,theemitterjunctionis.
OptionA.
forwardorreverseasappropriatetotheinputsignal.
OptionB.
reversebiased.
OptionC.
forwardbiased.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardbiased.
Explanation. For a transistor to switch on, the baseemitter(orjust emitter)junctionmustbeforwardbiased.AircraftElectricityand

QuestionNumber.
8.
InaPNPtransistor,whichwaydoesconventionalcurrentflow?.
OptionA.
Basetoemitter.
OptionB.
Collectortoemitter.
OptionC.
Emittertocollector.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertocollector.
Explanation. InaPNPtransistor,themaincurrentflowisEmittertoCollector(reverseofwhatitiswithanNPNtransistor).
QuestionNumber.
9.
InaPNPtransistor,conventionalcurrentwillflowwhen.
OptionA.
theemitterismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
thebaseismorepositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
thecollectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. theemitterismorepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. ToswitchaPNPon,theemittermustbepositivecomparedtothebase(oppositetoanNPN).
QuestionNumber.
10.
Inacommoncollectorcircuittheoutputandinputare.
OptionA.
inphase.
OptionB.
outofphaseby60.
OptionC.
outofphaseby90.
CorrectAnsweris. inphase.
Explanation. Commoncollectoroutputisinphasewiththeinput.
QuestionNumber.
11.
ForanNPNtransistortoconductthecollectorcircuithastobe.
OptionA.
morepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
lesspositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
morepositivethantheemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. morepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. Sketch an NPN circuit and mark the two current flows. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
116.
QuestionNumber.
12.
PointXcomparedtopoint.
OptionA.
Yismorenegative.
OptionB.
Zismorepositive.
OptionC.
Zismorenegative.
CorrectAnsweris. Zismorepositive.
Explanation. NPN transistor. The collector is more positive than the base. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page116/117.
QuestionNumber.
13.
TheresistancemeasuredusinganAVObetweentheCollectorandEmitterofatransistoris.
OptionA.
smallerCollectortoEmitter.
OptionB.
samebothways.
OptionC.
higherCollectortoEmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. samebothways.
Explanation. Without looking too deeply into it, a transistor is two diodes backtoback,sohavehighresistancebothways.Aircraft
ElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage119.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Atransistorisusedin.
OptionA.
currentamplifiers.
OptionB.
bothcurrentamplifiersandvoltageamplifiers.
OptionC.
voltageamplifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. bothcurrentamplifiersandvoltageamplifiers.
Explanation. Atransistorcanamplifyeithercurrentorvoltageorboth,dependingontheconfiguration(CE,CB,CC).
QuestionNumber.
15.
UndernormaloperatingconditionsXwillbe.
OptionA.
OptionB.
OptionC.
negativewithrespecttoZ.
positivewithrespecttoZ.
negativewithrespecttoY.
CorrectAnsweris. positivewithrespecttoZ.
Explanation. The collector onaNPNtransistor ismorepositivethanthebaseandtheemitter.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th

EditionEisminPage116/117.
QuestionNumber.
16.
InwhichdirectiondoesthecurrentflowonaPNPtransistorwhenforwardbiased?.
OptionA.
Emittertobase.
OptionB.
Emittertocollector.
OptionC.
Collectortoemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertocollector.
Explanation. PNP,current(conventional)flowsemittertocollector.
QuestionNumber.
17.
WithanNPNtransistorelectronsleavethe.
OptionA.
Base.
OptionB.
Collector.
OptionC.
Emitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emitter.
Explanation. InaNPNelectrons(NOTconventionalcurrent)leaveattheEmitter.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Inatransistor,thearrowalwayspointsinthedirectionof.
OptionA.
electronflow.
OptionB.
conventionalcurrent.
OptionC.
emitter.
CorrectAnsweris. conventionalcurrent.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
19.
InanNPNtransistorthe.
OptionA.
collectorismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
collectoristhesameasthebase.
OptionC.
emitterismorepositivethanthebase.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorismorepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
20.
InanNPNtransistorthe.
OptionA.
emitterismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
collectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
emitterismorepositivethanthecollector.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
Explanation. NIL.
1.2b.SemiconductorsTransistors.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Iflightenteringaphototransistordecreases,thecurrenttothecollector.
OptionA.
decreases.
OptionB.
remainsthesame.
OptionC.
increases.
CorrectAnsweris. decreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Asiliconbipolartransistorwithtwodepletionzones.
OptionA.
operatesbyvaryingelectricfields.
OptionB.
isavoltageoperateddevice.
OptionC.
consistsof3slicesofsemiconductormaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. consistsof3slicesofsemiconductormaterial.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Howistheamplifierinthediagramshownwired?.
OptionA.
Commonbase.
OptionB.
Commonemitter.
OptionC.
Commoncollector.
CorrectAnsweris. Commonemitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
"Todecreasethevoltagegainofacommonemitteramplifieryouwouldincrease
theresistanceinthe."
OptionA.
basecircuit.
OptionB.
emittercircuit.
OptionC.
collectorcircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorcircuit.
Explanation. Decreasingthecollectorresistance(RL)increasestheoutputvoltageofthetransistor.

QuestionNumber.
5.
ThecurrentI/PandO/Pwaveformsinacommonemitteramplifierare.
OptionA.
outofphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
90outofphase.
CorrectAnsweris. outofphase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Whichmodeofoperationprovidesthebesthighfrequencyresponse?Common.
OptionA.
emitter.
OptionB.
base.
OptionC.
collector.
CorrectAnsweris. base.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
AFETwhencomparedtoajunctiontransistoris.
OptionA.
lowimpedance.
OptionB.
currentoperated.
OptionC.
highimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. highimpedance.
Explanation. ThebiggestadvantageofaFETisitshighinputimpedance.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Onecharacteristicoftheemitterfolloweris.
OptionA.
lowresistanceoutput.
OptionB.
lowcurrentamplification.
OptionC.
highvoltageamplification.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistanceoutput.
Explanation. Theemitterfollower(commoncollector)hasthelowestoutputresistanceofallthreeconfigurations.
QuestionNumber.
9.
An amplifier current gain will be slightly less than 1, but its voltagegainwillbehigh,ifitisconnected
inthe.
OptionA.
commonbaseconfiguration.
OptionB.
commonemitterconfiguration.
OptionC.
commoncollectorconfiguration.
CorrectAnsweris. commonbaseconfiguration.
Explanation. Onlythecommonbaseconfigurationprovidesacurrentgainoflessthan1.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thecommoncollectoramplifierissometimescalledtheemitterfollowercircuitbecause.
OptionA.
theemittervoltagefollowsthecollectorvoltage.
OptionB.
theemittercurrentfollowsthecollectorcurrent.
OptionC.
theemittervoltagefollowsthebasevoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. theemittervoltagefollowsthebasevoltage.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Amplifiersmaybeclassifiedas.
OptionA.
voltageamplifiersorpoweramplifiers.
OptionB.
voltageamplifiersorimpedanceamplifiers.
OptionC.
commonemitterorcommoncollectoramplifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. voltageamplifiersorpoweramplifiers.
Explanation. Amplifiersareclassifiedaseithervoltageorpoweramplifiers.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Anamplifiercanprovidebothvoltagegainandcurrentgainwhenitisconnectedinthe.
OptionA.
commoncollectorconfiguration.
OptionB.
commonemitterconfiguration.
OptionC.
commonbaseconfiguration.
CorrectAnsweris. commonemitterconfiguration.
Explanation. Onlythecommonemitterconfigurationprovidesbothcurrentandvoltagegaingreaterthan1.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Howdoyouincreasevoltagegainofanamplifier?.
OptionA.
decreasebasecircuitbias.
OptionB.
decreaseinputresistance.
OptionC.
decreaseoutputresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. decreaseinputresistance.
Explanation. Amplifiergain=feedbackresistance/inputresistance.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Inthediagramshown,whatisresistorRusedfor?.
OptionA.
Amplification.
OptionB.
Bias.
OptionC.
Stabilisation.
CorrectAnsweris. Stabilisation.
Explanation. The resister R is used to provide thermal stabilisation to the transistor by supplying negativefeedbackifthequiescent
pointmoves.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Theinputandoutputsignalsofacommonemitteramplifierare.
OptionA.
inphase.
OptionB.
equal.
OptionC.
outofphase.
Explanation. Thecommonemitteramplifieristheonlyconfigurationwhichprovidesanoutputwhichisantiphasewiththeinput.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Atransistorissaidtobeinthequiescentstatewhen.
OptionA.
nocurrentsareflowing.
OptionB.
itisunbiased.
OptionC.
nosignalisappliedtotheinput.
CorrectAnsweris. nosignalisappliedtotheinput.
Explanation. ThequiescentstateofatransistoriswhenDCissuppliedtothebasetobiasthetransistor.Nosignalisapplied.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Acommonbasetransistorcircuitissocalledbecause.
OptionA.
thebaseiscommontotheemitterandcollectorcircuits.
OptionB.
thebaseregionislocatedbetweentheemitterandcollectorregion.
OptionC.
thebaseisntypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. thebaseiscommontotheemitterandcollectorcircuits.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Withreferencetothecircuitshownbelow,howisthetransistorconfigured?.

OptionA.
Commonemitter.
OptionB.
Commoncollector.
OptionC.
Commonbase.
CorrectAnsweris. Commonemitter.
Explanation. Thediagramshowsacommonemittercircuit.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Inthecircuitdiagramshown,R1andR2areusedto.
OptionA.
setthetransistorgain.
OptionB.
increasethebasevoltage.
OptionC.
settheDCbiaslevel.
CorrectAnsweris. settheDCbiaslevel.
Explanation. TheresistorsR1andR2aretosetthebiaslevelofthetransistor,i.e.toputthetransistorintoquiescence.
QuestionNumber.
20.
InaFET,thejunctionconnectionsarecalled.
OptionA.
drain,sourceandgate.
OptionB.
drain,collectorandjunctions.
OptionC.
base,collectorandemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. drain,sourceandgate.
Explanation. TheleadsofaFETarecalleddrain,sourceandgate.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Howisapushpulltransistorarrangementconnected?.
OptionA.
Collectortocollector.
OptionB.
Emittertoemitter.
OptionC.
Basetobase.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertoemitter.
Explanation. Apushpullamplifieriswiredemittertoemitter.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Thermalrunawayinatransistoriscausedby.
OptionA.
excessiveheatcausingmaximumcurrentflow.
OptionB.
excessiveheatcausingminimumcurrentflow.
OptionC.
lowheatcausingminimumcurrentflow.
CorrectAnsweris. excessiveheatcausingmaximumcurrentflow.
Explanation. Thermal runaway is caused by excessive temperature creating an increase in current flow and hence an increase in
temperatureetc.etc..
QuestionNumber.
23.
Anadvantageofacommonemitteris.
OptionA.
ithashighpowergain.
OptionB.
itisavoltagefollower.
OptionC.
ithashighvoltagegain.
CorrectAnsweris. ithashighpowergain.
Explanation. Commonemitterconfigurationhasahighpowergain.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Whatclassofamplifierisbiasedatcutoff?.
OptionA.
C.
OptionB.
B.
OptionC.
A.
CorrectAnsweris. B.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Whentestingatransistorwithanohmmeter,whatistheresistanceoftheemitter/collector?.
OptionA.
Lowresistancebothways.
OptionB.
Highresistanceoneway.
OptionC.
Highresistancebothways.
CorrectAnsweris. Highresistancebothways.
Explanation. Draw a transistor as 2 back to back diodes and work it outfromthere(sameforPNPasNPN).AircraftElectricityand
QuestionNumber.
26.
Atransistoratsaturationhas.
OptionA.
lowresistance.
OptionB.
zeroresistance.
OptionC.
highresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistance.
Explanation. Atransistoratsaturationisswitchedonthereforehaslowresistance.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Acapacitorresistorcoupledmultistageamplifierlets.
OptionA.
DCpassonly.
OptionB.
ACandDCpasstothenextstage.
OptionC.
ACpassonly.
CorrectAnsweris. ACpassonly.
Explanation. AcapacitorletsACpassonly.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Anoscillatoroperatingatitsnaturalfrequencyhasfeedbackwhichis.
OptionA.
90degreesoutofphase.
OptionB.
OptionC.
inphase.
CorrectAnsweris. inphase.
Explanation. Anoscillatorprovidespositiveinphasefeedbacktoswitchitselfover.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Whichmathematicaloperationisperformedbyamodulatoramplifier?.
OptionA.
Addition.
OptionB.
Subtraction.
OptionC.
Multiplication.
CorrectAnsweris. Multiplication.
Explanation. A modulator amplifier is a basic input/output amplifier used for amplifying a signal. It 'multiplies' the input signal by
thevalueofthegain.
QuestionNumber.
30.
AJFETis.
OptionA.
eitheroftheabovedependingonresistanceinthecircuit.
OptionB.
currentsensitive.
OptionC.
voltagesensitive.
CorrectAnsweris. voltagesensitive.
Explanation. A JFET is voltage sensitive, whereas a normal transistor is current sensitive. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
QuestionNumber.
31.
Thermalrunawayinatransistorrefersto.
OptionA.
highcurrentflowwhentemperaturedecreases.
OptionB.
lowcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
OptionC.
highcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. highcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
Explanation. Thermal runaway iscaused by the'negativetemperature coefficient'ofsemiconductors.Moreheat,lessresistant,hence

morecurrent.Morecurrent,moreheatetc.etc..
QuestionNumber.
32.
Resistorsandcapacitorsareusedtocouplestagesofamplifierssothat.
OptionA.
onlyDCcanbeapplied.
OptionB.
onlyACcanbeapplied.
OptionC.
equalamountsofACandDCcanbeapplied.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyACcanbeapplied.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
33.
AnadvantageofaFETwhencomparedtoabipolartransistoris.
OptionA.
theswitchingtimeisquicker.
OptionB.
theinputresistanceishigher.
OptionC.
theinputresistanceislower.
CorrectAnsweris. theinputresistanceishigher.
Explanation. AFEThasahighinputresistanceandalowoutputresistance.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Thetypicalbandwidthforanaudiofrequencyamplifierisshownbyline.
OptionA.
OptionB.
Z.
X.
OptionC.
Y.
CorrectAnsweris. X.
Explanation. Audiofrequencyistypically15Hz20kHz,soXistheclosest.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Wherearedecouplingcapacitorsusedindigitalcircuits?.
OptionA.
Betweenpins1&8.
OptionB.
Closetothepositivepin.
OptionC.
Closetothenegativepin.
CorrectAnsweris. Closetothepositivepin.
Explanation. Close' is an important requirement. The capacitorhastobeascloseas possibletothe+vepowersupplypin.Answera)

could also betrueassumingpin8tobeground,but inthe realworldnotallpin8sarenegative,especiallyinDILpackageswithmore
than8pins.
QuestionNumber.
36.
ACommonCollectorcircuithasthefollowingcharacteristics.
OptionA.
MediumVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,NonInvertedOutput.
OptionB.
LowVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,InvertedOutput.
OptionC.
MediumVoltageGain,LowCurrentGain,InvertedOutput.
CorrectAnsweris. MediumVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,NonInvertedOutput.
Explanation. Commoncollectorisavoltagefollower,withhighcurrentgain.
QuestionNumber.
37.
InaCommonEmitterAmplifierREisusedfor.
OptionA.
loadcontrol.
OptionB.
biasing.
OptionC.
stabilisation.
CorrectAnsweris. stabilisation.
Explanation. Theemitterresistorisastabilizingresistor.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Inthediagramtherelationshipoftheinputtotheoutputis.
OptionA.
OptionB.
OptionC.
inphase.
CorrectAnsweris. 180degreesoutofphase.
Explanation. ACommonEmitterconfigurationinvertsthesignal.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Themostsuitableclassofamplifierforahighfidelityradiotransmitteris.
OptionA.
B.
OptionB.
C.
OptionC.
A.
CorrectAnsweris. A.
Explanation. BestamplifierisaClassA.
QuestionNumber.
40.
WhichcurveisfromaBroadbandamplifier?.

OptionA.
C.
OptionB.
A.
OptionC.
B.
CorrectAnsweris. A.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
41.
AtransistorinCommonEmittermodegives.
OptionA.
highvoltagegainonly.
OptionB.
highcurrentgainonly.
OptionC.
highpowergain.
CorrectAnsweris. highpowergain.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Foratransistorincommonemittermode,thetermHfeindicates.
OptionA.
theVoltagegainVce/VbeatIbconstant.
OptionB.
thePowergainPin/Pout.
OptionC.
thecurrentgainIc/IbatVceconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. thecurrentgainIc/IbatVceconstant.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.vishay.com/brands/measurements_group/guide/glossary/commodvt.htm
QuestionNumber.
43.
Inadifferentialamplifiertheterm'commonmodevoltage'means.
OptionA.
outputvoltagewithoneinputconnectedtocommonground.
OptionB.
outputvoltagewithnoninvertinginputat0volts.
OptionC.
outputvoltagewhenbothinputshaveequalvoltages.
CorrectAnsweris. outputvoltagewhenbothinputshaveequalvoltages.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Inanidealcurrentamplifier.
OptionA.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputhigh.
OptionB.
inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputlow.
OptionC.
bothinputandoutputimpedancesmustbelow.
CorrectAnsweris. inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputhigh.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.safarix.com/0131470469/ch11lev1sec6
QuestionNumber.
45.
Inanidealvoltageamplifier.
OptionA.
inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputimpedancelow.
OptionB.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputimpedancehigh.
OptionC.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputimpedancelow.
CorrectAnsweris. inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputimpedancelow.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.safarix.com/0131470469/ch11lev1sec6
QuestionNumber.
46.
ThetermICErelatedtotransistorincommonemittermodemeans.
OptionA.
leakagecurrentflowingbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseopencircuited.
OptionB.
forwardcurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtosignal.
OptionC.
leakagecurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtoground.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardcurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtosignal.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Acommonbaseamplifierhas.
OptionA.
highinputandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
lowinputandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionC.
lowinputandmediumoutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowinputandhighoutputimpedance.
QuestionNumber.
48.
The emitter, base and collector currents in a common emitter circuit, follow ohm's and kirchoff's law,
whichis.
OptionA.
Ie=IcIb.
OptionB.
Ib=Ie+Ic.
OptionC.
Ie=Ib+Ic.
CorrectAnsweris. Ie=Ib+Ic.
Explanation. NIL.
1.3a.IntegratedCircuits.
QuestionNumber.
1.
WhataretheidealcharacteristicsofanOpAmp?.
OptionA.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandinfiniteoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
OptionC.
Lowgain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
2.
WhatgatedoesthefollowingBooleanexpressionrepresentF=A.B.C.
OptionA.
AND.
OptionB.
OR.
OptionC.
NOT.
CorrectAnsweris. AND.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
WhatgatedoesthefollowingBooleanexpressionrepresentF=A+B+C.
OptionA.
NOR.
OptionB.
OR.
OptionC.
NOT.
CorrectAnsweris. OR.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsaremounted.
OptionA.
bymetalscrews.
OptionB.
bymetaloxidefilm.
OptionC.
bymeansofwiresconnectingthem.
CorrectAnsweris. bymeansofwiresconnectingthem.
Explanation. AthinfilmofaluminiumiscoatedovertheoxidefilmontothesurfaceoftheICtomaketheconductors.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Anoninvertingopamp.
OptionA.
hasaninvertinginputandanoninvertingoutput.
OptionB.
anoninvertinginputconnectiononly.
OptionC.
hasanoninvertinginputandaninvertingoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. anoninvertinginputconnectiononly.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
In an operational amplifier, the two input waves are the same amplitude, same frequency, but exactly
antiphase.Whatwouldtheoutputbe?.
OptionA.
Double.
OptionB.
Zero.
OptionC.
Half.
CorrectAnsweris. Double.
Explanation. Although the input waves are antiphase, the inverter input of the op amp inverts one of the inputs, so the two waves
actuallyaddtoeachother.
QuestionNumber.
7.
InthefollowingBooleanalgebrastatement,whichgateisdescribed?.F=A+B+C.
OptionA.
And.
OptionB.
Or.
OptionC.
Not.
CorrectAnsweris. Or.
Explanation. A+B+CrepresentsanORgate.
QuestionNumber.
8.
"IntheBooleanalgebrastatementbelow,thegatedescribedis
F=A.B.C."
OptionA.
Nand.
OptionB.
And.
OptionC.
Nor.
CorrectAnsweris. And.
Explanation. A.B.CrepresentsanANDgate.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputimpedanceandzerooutputimpedanceischaracteristicofa.
OptionA.
ClassBamp.
OptionB.
ClassAamp.
OptionC.
Opamp.
CorrectAnsweris. Opamp.
Explanation. impedanceandzerooutputimpedancearecharacteristicsoftheidealopamp.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Whatismeantbyabistablecircuit?.
OptionA.
Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinwhichoneitisput.
OptionB.
Thecircuithas1stablestateanditcanbenegativeorpositive.
OptionC.
Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinbothatthesametime.
CorrectAnsweris. Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinwhichoneitisput.
Explanation. Abistablecircuithas2stablestatesanditwillbeinonlyoneatatime.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Whatdoestheoutputvoltageofanopampdependupon?.
OptionA.
Theopampbandwidth.
OptionB.
Thegainoftheopamp.
OptionC.
Theresistorsinthecircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Theresistorsinthecircuit.
Explanation. Theoutputofanopampiscontrolledbytheexternalresistorcircuit.
QuestionNumber.
12.
WhattypeofgateisanORgatewithbothinvertedinputsandinvertedoutputs?.
OptionA.
NANDgate.
OptionB.
NORgate.
OptionC.
ANDgate.
CorrectAnsweris. ANDgate.
Explanation. AnANDgatecanbemadebyinvertingboththeinputsandtheoutputofanORgate.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Diodesconnectedinparallelwouldactlikean.
OptionA.
anNANDgate.
OptionB.
anANDgate.
OptionC.
anORgate.
CorrectAnsweris. anANDgate.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Theoutputofthecircuitshownwillbe.
OptionA.
15V.
OptionB.
0V.
OptionC.
+30V.
Explanation. NIL.
1.3b.IntegratedCircuits.
QuestionNumber.
1.
ThevoltagesupplytoaComplimentaryMetalOxideSemiconductor(CMOS)integratedcircuitmustbe.
OptionA.
0Vis5VDC.
OptionB.
3Vto18VDC.
OptionC.
3Vto15VAC.
CorrectAnsweris. 3Vto18VDC.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thisisadiagramofa.

OptionA.
differentiator.
OptionB.
adder.
OptionC.
integrator.
CorrectAnsweris. differentiator.
Explanation. Adifferentiatorusesaresistorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thisisadiagramofa.
OptionA.
adder.
OptionB.
integrator.
OptionC.
differentiator.
CorrectAnsweris. differentiator.
Explanation. Adifferentiatorusesaresistorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Thisisadiagramofa.
OptionA.
integrator.
OptionB.
adder.
OptionC.
differentiator.
CorrectAnsweris. integrator.
Explanation. Anintegratorhasthecapacitorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
4.
HowarethepinsnumberedonanopampIC?.
OptionA.
fromlefttorightfromthedot.
OptionB.
counterclockwisefromthedot.
OptionC.
clockwisefromthedot.
CorrectAnsweris. counterclockwisefromthedot.
Explanation. Pins on an IC are always numbered counterclockwise from the dot. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Onanintegratedcircuittheholeinthetopleftcornerispin1.Thepinsarecounted.
OptionA.
clockwise.
OptionB.
fromlefttoright.
OptionC.
anticlockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. anticlockwise.
Explanation. OnanICthepinsarecountedanticlockwise.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
6.
AsingleintegratedcircuitOpAmphashowmanypins?.
OptionA.
7.
OptionB.
8.
OptionC.
4.
CorrectAnsweris. 8.
Explanation. Inverting and noninverting input, output, positive and negative supply, two offset null connections (for a
potentiometer)plusonelegnotused=8.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatistheoutputoftheamplifiershown?.
OptionA.
5V.
OptionB.
3V.
OptionC.
0V.
Explanation. Abasicaddingopamp.4+0+1=5.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Alogiccircuitwithmorethanonegatewillhave.
OptionA.
2ormoreoutputs.
OptionB.
oneof2statesoflogicoutput.
OptionC.
ananalogueoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. oneof2statesoflogicoutput.
Explanation. Logiccircuitoutputsareeither0or1,regardlessofthenumberofgatesinthecircuit.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Componentsonanintegratedcircuitare.
OptionA.
onthesurface.
OptionB.
inthesolid.
OptionC.
don'tneedthem.
CorrectAnsweris. onthesurface.
Explanation. Componentsonanintegratedcircuitareonthesurfaceofthesubstrate.
QuestionNumber.
10.
AVLSIChas.
OptionA.
morethan10,000gates.
OptionB.
lessthan1000gates.
OptionC.
morethan1000gates.
CorrectAnsweris. morethan10,000gates.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verylargescale_integration,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergrated_circuit
QuestionNumber.
11.
Amomentaryinputattheresetinputofaflipflopwill.
OptionA.
resetthetrueoutputto0.
OptionB.
clockinnewdatafromthedatainputs.
OptionC.
resetthetrueoutputto1.
CorrectAnsweris. resetthetrueoutputto0.
Explanation. Whenthevalueonreset(R)is1,thevalueofQissetto0andviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Whichtypeofflipflophasonly1datainput?.
OptionA.
JK.
OptionB.
D.
OptionC.
RS.
CorrectAnsweris. D.
Explanation. TheDtypeFlipFlophasonly1input(besidestheclockinput).
QuestionNumber.
13.
Whenyouuseanopampasabufferithas.
OptionA.
lowinputimpedanceandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
highinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.
OptionC.
thesameinputanoutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. highinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.
Explanation. An op amp is characterised by itshighinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.AircraftElectricityandElectronics
QuestionNumber.
14.
Whatisrequiredfortheswitchingofamonostablemultivibrator?.
OptionA.
Onetriggerpulsetobothswitchonandoff.
OptionB.
Onetriggerpulsetoswitchonandtwotriggerpulsestoswitchoff.
OptionC.
Onetriggerpulsetoswitchonandanothertoswitchoff.
CorrectAnsweris. Onetriggerpulsetobothswitchonandoff.
Explanation. Monostable multivibrators can remain only in one state permanently. When an external trigger pulse is applied, the
circuitmovesfromitspermanentstablestatethendropsbackafterashortwhile.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Anastablemultivibratorisa.
OptionA.
onewhichrequiresnoinputwhatsoever.
OptionB.
onewhichrequiresaninputtoswitchonandoff.
OptionC.
freerunningvibrator.
CorrectAnsweris. freerunningvibrator.
Explanation. Anastablemultivibratorflipson/offcontinuouslyprovidingithasapowersupply.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Opampsusewhatpowersupply?.
OptionA.
26VAC.
OptionB.
515VDC.
OptionC.
26VDC.
CorrectAnsweris. 515VDC.
Explanation. Powersuppliesvaryfromopamptoopamp(manufacturertomanufacturer)butmostare+/5vto+/15v.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Adevicewhichhasahighinputimpedance,lowoutputimpedanceandhighvoltagegainisa.
OptionA.
OpAmp.
OptionB.
ClassAamp.
OptionC.
ClassBamp.
CorrectAnsweris. OpAmp.
Explanation. ThisisthedefinitionofanOpAmp.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsaremountedby.
OptionA.
athreedimensionalprocesswithnoconnectionsbetweenthemrequired.
OptionB.
wiresconnectingthemusingconformalcoating.
OptionC.
metaloxidefilmetchedontothesurface.
CorrectAnsweris. metaloxidefilmetchedontothesurface.
Explanation. All three answers are close to the truth. c) is probably the closest. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage138.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsareinserted.
OptionA.
automatically.
OptionB.
bydopinginsuccessivelayers.
OptionC.
manually.
CorrectAnsweris. bydopinginsuccessivelayers.
Explanation. An integrated circuit is produced by masking and doping each P and N component successively. Aircraft Electricity
andElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
20.
In an electronic circuit with an operational amplifier connected in the pushpull configuration, the
circuit.
OptionA.
utilizesbothsidesoftheinputsignal.
OptionB.
decreasesimpedance.
OptionC.
blockshalfoftheinputsignal.
CorrectAnsweris. utilizesbothsidesoftheinputsignal.
Explanation. During the positive portion of the AC input signal, the NPN follower drives the output, and during the negative half,
thePNPdrivestheoutput.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Pin3onanopamphasa+symbol.Thisdesignates.
OptionA.
positiveinputDCpin.
OptionB.
noninvertinginput.
OptionC.
positiveoffsetnull.
CorrectAnsweris. noninvertinginput.
Explanation. 741OpAmp(forexample)isthenoninvertinginput.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Thesemiconductorsubstrateusedin'chips'ismostcommonly.
OptionA.
silicon.
OptionB.
phiidide.
OptionC.
germanium.
CorrectAnsweris. silicon.
Explanation. Siliconismostcommonlyused.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Anintegratedcircuitismanufacturedby.
OptionA.
dopingimpuritiesintolayersofintrinsicmaterial.
OptionB.
etchingcoppertracksontoaninsulatingboard.
OptionC.
computerhardware,whichuseindividualcircuitsonribbon.
CorrectAnsweris. dopingimpuritiesintolayersofintrinsicmaterial.
Explanation. AircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemsPallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Amonostablevibrator.
OptionA.
isswitchedonbyatriggerpulsethenwithinapresettimewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginalstate.
OptionB.
usesatriggerpulsetoturnonandthesamepulsetoturnoff.
OptionC.
usesonepulsetoturnonandanothertoturnoff.
CorrectAnsweris. isswitchedonbyatriggerpulsethenwithinapresettimewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginalstate.
Explanation. A monostable vibrator is switched on by a trigger pulse then within a preset timewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginal
state.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Thenegativefeedbackforanopampintegratorisconnectedacrossa.
OptionA.
resistor.
OptionB.
inductor.
OptionC.
capacitor.
CorrectAnsweris. capacitor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
26.
The input resistance to an invertingopampis100Ohms.Thefeedbackresistanceis100kilohms.What
istheamplifiergain?.
OptionA.
1000.
OptionB.
1/1000.
OptionC.
1000.
CorrectAnsweris. 1000.
Explanation. Gain=Feedback/inputresistance=100,000/100=1000(minusbecauseitisinverting).
QuestionNumber.
27.
Inanintegratedcircuit,active,passiveandconnectingcomponentsare.
OptionA.
connectedbyfinegoldwires.
OptionB.
mountedontheoutsideofthesolidblock.
OptionC.
embeddedwithinthesolidblock.
CorrectAnsweris. embeddedwithinthesolidblock.
Explanation. Hencetheterm'integratedcircuit'.
2.PrintedCircuitBoards.
QuestionNumber.
1.
When compared to a system that is constructed on one board, a modular system using Printed Circuit
Boards(PCBs)is.
OptionA.
hardertofaultfind.
OptionB.
moreexpensiveforspares.
OptionC.
easiertofaultfind.
CorrectAnsweris. easiertofaultfind.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
2.
A Printed Circuit Board (PCS) is constructed of a plastic laminate which has bonded to one or both
sides.
OptionA.
athinsheetofcopper.
OptionB.
variousthicknessesofcopper.
OptionC.
athicksheetofcopper.
CorrectAnsweris. athinsheetofcopper.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
HowisaPCBprotectedaftermanufacture?.
OptionA.
Byconformalcoating.
OptionB.
Withnonconductivevarnish.
OptionC.
Withwax.
CorrectAnsweris. Byconformalcoating.
Explanation. Although varnish is often used on PCBs, 'conformal coating' is the name of the process usually applied toaircraftuse
PCBs.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
4.
AmultilayerPCBhas.
OptionA.
twoormorelayersononeorbothsides.
OptionB.
onelayeroneitherside.
OptionC.
twoormorelayersconnectedinseries.
CorrectAnsweris. twoormorelayersononeorbothsides.
Explanation. CAIPsMMC/11Para15.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Whenremovingamicroprocessor.
OptionA.
ensurethepowerisOFFtoavoidstaticdischarge.
OptionB.
nodamageisdonebystaticdischarge.
OptionC.
considerabledamagecanbedonebystaticdischarge.
CorrectAnsweris. considerabledamagecanbedonebystaticdischarge.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
OnaPCB,adecouplingcapacitorisusedtogetridoftransientcurrentsbetweenwhichpoints?.
OptionA.
Theelectroniccircuitandtheaircraftground.
OptionB.
Thenegativerailandtherestofthecircuit.
OptionC.
Interspacedalongthecircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Interspacedalongthecircuit.
Explanation. ThedecouplingcapacitordecouplestheACsignalfromtheDCquiescentcurrent.
QuestionNumber.
7.
AdecouplingcapacitorinaPCBisusedto.
OptionA.
minimisetransientcurrents.
OptionB.
passDConly.
OptionC.
passAConly.
CorrectAnsweris. passAConly.
Explanation. AdecouplingcapacitordecouplestheACfromtheDCinasignal,andblockstheDC.
QuestionNumber.
8.
WhatisthebasematerialofaPCB?.
OptionA.
Insulator.
OptionB.
Semiconductor.
OptionC.
Conductor.
CorrectAnsweris. Insulator.
Explanation. Insulator.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage122.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Inaprintedcircuitboard,thesurfaceresistancetestingis.
OptionA.
insulationresistancebetweenadjacentprintedconductor.
OptionB.
theresistancebetweenthetowinductors.
OptionC.
betweentheboardandtheconductor.
CorrectAnsweris. insulationresistancebetweenadjacentprintedconductor.
Explanation. CAIPsMMC/11para4.1.7.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Whatareprintedcircuitboardsmadeof?.
OptionA.
Fibreglassboardcoatedwithcopperinwhichcircuitsareetched.
OptionB.
Syntheticresinboardetchedwithcopper.
OptionC.
Matrixboardwithcomponentssolderedon.
CorrectAnsweris. Fibreglassboardcoatedwithcopperinwhichcircuitsareetched.
Explanation. NIL.
3a.Servomechanisms.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Theoutputofatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
proportionaltospeedofrotation.
OptionB.
proportionaltoposition.
OptionC.
proportionaltoacceleration.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltospeedofrotation.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
ACpowertoasynchrosystemissuppliedto.
OptionA.
torquetransmitteronly.
OptionB.
boththetorquereceiverandtorquetransmitter.
OptionC.
torquereceiveronly.
CorrectAnsweris. boththetorquereceiverandtorquetransmitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Adifferentialsynchro.
OptionA.
canbeusedaseitheratransmitterorareceiver.
OptionB.
canonlybeusedasareceiver.
OptionC.
canonlybeusedasatransmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. canbeusedaseitheratransmitterorareceiver.
Explanation. TheTDXisatransmitter,theTDRisareceiver.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Aresolverhas.
OptionA.
3coilsontherotorand2coilsonthestator.
OptionB.
OptionC.
CorrectAnsweris. 2coilsontherotorand2coilsonthestator.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
The'null'pointonacontrolsynchroiswhenthetworotorsare.
OptionA.
wiredinseries.
OptionB.
at90toeachother.
OptionC.
paralleltoeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. at90toeachother.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Therotorofadesynnindicatoris.
OptionA.
anelectromagnet.
OptionB.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionC.
anACmagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. apermanentmagnet.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Thepositionfeedbackfromapotentiometeris.
OptionA.
antiphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
CorrectAnsweris. antiphase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Adifferentialsynchrohas.
OptionA.
singlephasestator,2phaserotor.
OptionB.
3phasestator,3phaserotor.
OptionC.
3phasestator,singlephaserotor.
CorrectAnsweris. 3phasestator,3phaserotor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Whenaservomotorhasstopped,theratefeedbackfromatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
maximumandinphase.
OptionB.
maximumandantiphase.
OptionC.
zero.
CorrectAnsweris. zero.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Atachogeneratorisusuallyusedfor.
OptionA.
angularfeedback.
OptionB.
ratefeedback.
OptionC.
positionfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. ratefeedback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Differentialsynchroshave.
OptionA.
atransmitterandareceiver.
OptionB.
atransmitteronly.
OptionC.
areceiveronly.
CorrectAnsweris. atransmitterandareceiver.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Inatorquesynchrosystem,thepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
therotorwindingsofboththetransmitterandreceiver.
OptionB.
thestatorwindingsofthetransmitter.
OptionC.
therotorwindingsofthetransmitteronly.
CorrectAnsweris. therotorwindingsofboththetransmitterandreceiver.
Explanation. Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page185/6.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Toreduceovershooterrorsinasynchro.
OptionA.
thegainoftheamplifierisincreased.
OptionB.
thesystemwillhavevelocityfeedback.
OptionC.
thesystemwillhavepositionfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. thesystemwillhavevelocityfeedback.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackisusedtoreduceovershootandoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Asynchrotransformerisusedto.
OptionA.
addtheoutputoftwosynchrotransmitters.
OptionB.
deriveanerrorvoltagefromasynchrotransmittersignalandashaftposition.
OptionC.
obtaina26voltACreference.
CorrectAnsweris. deriveanerrorvoltagefromasynchrotransmittersignalandashaftposition.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControlpg135.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Reversalofthecompletepowertoatorquesynchrosystemwill.
OptionA.
displacethereceiverrotorby180o.
OptionB.
causereverserotationofthereceiverrotor.
OptionC.
havenoeffect.
CorrectAnsweris. havenoeffect.
Explanation. SincebothrotorsaresuppliedwiththesameAC,reversingtheconnectionstobothwillhavenoeffect.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Thepowersupplytoatorquesynchrosystemis.
OptionA.
ACorDC.
OptionB.
AC.
OptionC.
DC.
CorrectAnsweris. AC.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Anopenloopsystemisonewhichhas.
OptionA.
nodirectfeedbackloop.
OptionB.
ratefeedbackloop.
OptionC.
positionfeedbackonly.
CorrectAnsweris. nodirectfeedbackloop.
Explanation. Openloophasnofeedback.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Mechanicalfrictioninaservoresultsin.
OptionA.
increasedinertia.
OptionB.
increaseddamping.
OptionC.
reducedgain.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseddamping.
Explanation. Frictiondevicesaresometimesusedtoincreasedampingandthusdecreaseoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Thepositionfeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
phaseadvancedby90withrespecttotheinputsignal.
OptionB.
inphasewiththeinputdemandsignal.
OptionC.
inantiphasewiththedemandsignal.
CorrectAnsweris. inantiphasewiththedemandsignal.
Explanation. Thepositivefeedbackmustbeinantiphaseifitistoopposethedemandinput.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Aservosystemthatovershootsandoscillatesis.
OptionA.
underdamped.
OptionB.
overdamped.
OptionC.
criticallydamped.
CorrectAnsweris. underdamped.
Explanation. Oscillationsarecausedbyanunderdampedsystem.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Thepowersupplytoatorquesynchrosystemisconnectedto.
OptionA.
thetransmitterrotoronly.
OptionB.
thetransmitterstator.
OptionC.
thetransmitterandreceiverrotors.
CorrectAnsweris. thetransmitterandreceiverrotors.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraft|InstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Inatoroidalresistancetransmitterindicatorsystem,thepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
theresistorslab.
OptionB.
therotor.
OptionC.
thebrushes.
CorrectAnsweris. thebrushes.
Explanation. AtoroidalresistanceindicatorisbetterknownasaDesynnindicator.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Whenaservohasreacheditsnullandstopped,thevelocityfeedbackis.
OptionA.
maximumandantiphase.
OptionB.
maximumandinphase.
OptionC.
zero.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackwillstopwhentheloadisatrest.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Theprimarypurposeofratefeedbackinapositionalservosystemisto.
OptionA.
ensuresystemlinearity.
OptionB.
preventexcessiveovershoot.
OptionC.
ensureminimumresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. preventexcessiveovershoot.
Explanation. Ratefeedbackistopreventexcessiveovershootandoscillation.
QuestionNumber.
25.
InanACrateservo,asteadyinputwillresultintheservomotor.
OptionA.
rotatingtoanewdatumposition.
OptionB.
rotatingataconstantspeed.
OptionC.
oscillatingaboutanewdatum.
CorrectAnsweris. rotatingataconstantspeed.
Explanation. AnACrateservoisdesignedtorotateaload(suchasaradardish)ataconstantspeedcontinually.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Inatorquesynchrothatincludesadifferentialsynchrothepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
allthreerotors.
OptionB.
thetransmitterandreceiverrotorsonly.
OptionC.
thetransmitterrotoronly.
CorrectAnsweris. thetransmitterandreceiverrotorsonly.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Adifferentialsynchrorotorhas.
OptionA.
threewindings.
OptionB.
twowindings.
OptionC.
onewinding.
CorrectAnsweris. threewindings.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Inaresolversynchrothestatorwindingsareelectricallydisplacedby.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
180.
OptionC.
120.
Explanation. PallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Aresolversynchrooutputisobtainedfromarotorwith.
OptionA.
twocoilsat90.
OptionB.
onesinglecoil.
OptionC.
threecoilsat120.
CorrectAnsweris. twocoilsat90.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Inaspeedcontrolservosystem(ratecontrol),thepurposeofthetachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
tomakethevelocityproportionaltoservodemand.
OptionB.
tomakethedeflectionproportionaltoservodemand.
OptionC.
tomakeitrunatconstantspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. tomakeitrunatconstantspeed.
Explanation. Thetachogeneratoristomaketheloadrunataconstantspeed.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Therotorofatorquesynchroindicatoris.
OptionA.
suppliedwithanexcitationvoltage.
OptionB.
connectedinserieswiththetransmitterstatorcoil.
OptionC.
shortcircuited.
CorrectAnsweris. suppliedwithanexcitationvoltage.
Explanation. Theexcitationvoltageisthatnecessarytomagnetisetherotor.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Toincreasetheoutputofaservoamplifier,itisnecessaryto.
OptionA.
reducethetachofeedback.
OptionB.
increasethepositionfeedback.
OptionC.
increasethetachofeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. reducethetachofeedback.
Explanation. Tachogeneratorfeedbackopposestheerrorsignalandthusreducesamplifieroutput.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Angular displacement of the control coils with respect to the reference coils in a two phase induction
motorare.
OptionA.
90,270.
OptionB.
0,180.
OptionC.
90,120.
CorrectAnsweris. 90,270.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Aservomotorhavingonlyatachogeneratorasafeedbackdevicewill.
OptionA.
varyitsspeedwithinputerrorvoltage.
OptionB.
nulloutatapositiondependantuponinputerrorvoltage.
OptionC.
haveaconstantspeedforanygiveninputvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. haveaconstantspeedforanygiveninputvoltage.
Explanation. Withonlyatachofeedbackitisarateservo.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Thenullpositionofatorquesynchrosystemiswhen.
OptionA.
theTXandTRrotorsareparalleltoeachother.
OptionB.
theTXandTRrotorsare90toeachother.
OptionC.
theTXandTRrotorsare120toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. theTXandTRrotorsareparalleltoeachother.
Explanation. TXandTRrotorsmustbeparalleltobeatthenullposition.
QuestionNumber.
36.
AnACtachogeneratorstatorhas.
OptionA.
twowindings180apart.
OptionB.
threewindings120apart.
OptionC.
twowindings90apart.
CorrectAnsweris. twowindings90apart.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
37.
WhentherotorofanACtachogeneratorisstationary,therotorhas.
OptionA.
nomagneticfields.
OptionB.
nocirculatingcurrents.
OptionC.
lowcirculatingcurrents.
CorrectAnsweris. lowcirculatingcurrents.
Explanation. AsmallamountofresidualvoltageexistsontheoutputwindingofanACtachogeneratorwhenitisstationary.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Aclosedloopservomechanism.
OptionA.
mustonlyhavepositionfeedback.
OptionB.
musthavebothpositionandvelocityfeedback.
OptionC.
canhaveeitherpositionorvelocityfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. canhaveeitherpositionorvelocityfeedback.
Explanation. Aclosedloopservomechanismcanhaveeitherpositionfeedbackorvelocityfeedbackorboth.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Inacontrolsynchrosystemthepowersupplyisconnectedtothe.
OptionA.
transmitterandreceiverrotors.
OptionB.
transmitterrotorandamplifier.
OptionC.
receiverrotorandamplifier.
CorrectAnsweris. transmitterrotorandamplifier.

QuestionNumber.
40.
Velocityfeedback.
OptionA.
opposesthedemandinput.
OptionB.
assiststhedemandinput.
OptionC.
preventsdeadspaceerrors.
CorrectAnsweris. opposesthedemandinput.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackisantiphasetothedemandinputandopposesit.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Anincreaseinvelocityfeedbackwill.
OptionA.
decreasethespeedtheloadmoves.
OptionB.
havenoeffectonspeed.
OptionC.
increasethespeedtheloadmoves.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasethespeedtheloadmoves.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackopposesdemandinputthereforeitreducesthewspeedtheloadmoves.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Ratefeedbackcanbeobtainedfroma.
OptionA.
tachogenerator.
OptionB.
synchro.
OptionC.
potentiometer.
CorrectAnsweris. tachogenerator.
Explanation. Atachogeneratorproducesratefeedback.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Positionalfeedbackcanbeobtainedfroma.
OptionA.
synchro.
OptionB.
potentiometer.
OptionC.
tachogenerator.
CorrectAnsweris. potentiometer.
Explanation. Apotentiometerproducespositionalfeedback.
QuestionNumber.
44.
The'null'pointinacontrolsynchroiswhenthetworotorsare.
OptionA.
at90toeachother.
OptionB.
wiredinseries.
OptionC.
paralleltoeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. at90toeachother.
Explanation. In a control synchro the null position is when the rotors are 90 degrees to each other (unlike a torque synchro where
theymustbeparalleltoeachother).
QuestionNumber.
45.
Inacontrolsynchrothestatorcurrentceasestoflowwhenthe.
OptionA.
CTrotorisatnull.
OptionB.
powerisremoved.
OptionC.
tworotorsarealigned.
CorrectAnsweris. powerisremoved.
Explanation. Inacontrolsynchrocurrentflowsinthestatorlinesatalltimes,regardlessofthepositionofthetransformerrotor.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Inarateservo(speedcontrol)thesignalintotheservoamplifieris.
OptionA.
inputvoltagepluspositionfeedbackvoltage.
OptionB.
inputvoltageplustachogeneratoroutput.
OptionC.
inputvoltageminustachogeneratoroutput.
CorrectAnsweris. inputvoltageminustachogeneratoroutput.
Explanation. In a rate servo the input voltage makes the load rotate and the tachogenerator output (which is negative feedback)
preventsitrotatingtoofast.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Toreduceoscillationsaboutademandposition.
OptionA.
theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
OptionB.
theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbedecreased.
OptionC.
theamountofpositionfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
CorrectAnsweris. theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
Explanation. If velocity feedback is increased, there is more opposition to the demand signal and the load will move slower and
oscillationswillbereduced.
QuestionNumber.
48.
Positivefeedbackappliedtoaservomechanism.
OptionA.
increasestheresponseofthesystem.
OptionB.
opposesthedemandsignal.
OptionC.
decreasestheresponseofthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. increasestheresponseofthesystem.
Explanation. Positivefeedbackwilladdtotheinputoftheamplifierandincreasetheresponseofthesystem.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Adifferentialsynchrorotorconsistsof.
OptionA.
twowindingsat90apart.
OptionB.
onewindingparalleltothetransmitterrotor.
OptionC.
threewindingsat120apart.
CorrectAnsweris. threewindingsat120apart.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Adifferentialsynchrotransmitterusedforadditionhas.
OptionA.
theTDXS1andS3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
OptionB.
theTDXS1andS3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTR.
OptionC.
theTDXR1,R3andS1,S3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
CorrectAnsweris. theTDXR1,R3andS1,S3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
Explanation. To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to additionyoumustswaptwoofthestatorleadsANDswap two of

therotorleadsatthedifferentialtransmitter.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Differentialtransmittersareusedto.
OptionA.
addorsubtracttwoelectricalsignals.
OptionB.
addorsubtractamechanicalsignaltoanelectricalsynchrosignal.
OptionC.
increasetheoperatingspeedofthesynchroreceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. addorsubtractamechanicalsignaltoanelectricalsynchrosignal.
Explanation. A differential synchro is used to add or subtractamechanicalsignalfromanelectricalsignalderivedfromthesynchro
transmitter.
QuestionNumber.
52.
WhenresolvingaCartesianinputtoaPolaroutput.
OptionA.
theoutputsaretwovoltages.
OptionB.
theinputsareashaftangleandavoltage.
OptionC.
theinputsaretwovoltages.
CorrectAnsweris. theinputsaretwovoltages.
Explanation. Cartesian inputs are the X and Y coordinates and are represented by two voltages. The outputs are represented by a
voltageandanangularposition.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Aresolversynchrooutputisobtainedfromarotorwith.
OptionA.
onesinglecoil.
OptionB.
twocoilsat90toeachother.
OptionC.
threecoilsat120toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. twocoilsat90toeachother.
Explanation. Aresolversynchrohastwocoilsat90degreestoeachother.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Theoutputofaresolversynchrois.
OptionA.
dependantuponthepositionoftherotoronly.
OptionB.
proportionaltothespeedofinputrotation.
OptionC.
afunctionoftherotorpositionandexcitationvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. afunctionoftherotorpositionandexcitationvoltage.
Explanation. Theoutputofaresolversynchroisangularpositionandavoltagetorepresentthedistance.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Therotorofanautosynpositionindicatingsystemis.
OptionA.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
springcontrolled.
OptionC.
anelectromagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. anelectromagnet.
Explanation. Therotorofanautosynpositionindicatingsystemisanelectromagnet.
QuestionNumber.
56.
Therotorofamagnesyntransmitteris.
OptionA.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
anacelectromagnet.
OptionC.
adcelectromagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. apermanentmagnet.
Explanation. Therotorofamagnesyntransmitter(andreceiver)isapermanentmagnet.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Torquesynchrosystemsarenormallyusedwhenthe.
OptionA.
systemaccuracyisofextremeimportance.
OptionB.
mechanicalloadishigh.
OptionC.
mechanicalloadislow.
CorrectAnsweris. mechanicalloadislow.
Explanation. Torquesynchrosareusedforindicationonly,i.e.whentheloadislow.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Inaresolversynchrothestatorwindingsareelectricallydisposedby.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
120.
OptionC.
180.
Explanation. Aresolversynchrohasthewindings90degreesapart.
QuestionNumber.
59.
Torquesynchrosystemsarenormallyusedwhenthe.
OptionA.
systemaccuracyisofextremeimportance.
OptionB.
mechanicalloadishigh.
OptionC.
mechanicalloadislow.
CorrectAnsweris. mechanicalloadislow.
Explanation. Atorquesynchroisonlyusedforindicationi.e.theloadislow.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Whatdevicetransfersoneenergytypetoanother?.
OptionA.
Transponder.
OptionB.
Transducer.
OptionC.
Transmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Transducer.
Explanation. The device that transfers one energy type to another is called a transducer. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
QuestionNumber.
61.
Electricalpowerissuppliedtoasynchrorotor.
OptionA.
throughsliprings.
OptionB.
throughacommutator.
OptionC.
directly.
CorrectAnsweris. throughsliprings.
Explanation. Electricalpowerisconnectedtoasynchrorotorthroughsliprings.
QuestionNumber.
62.
Inasynchroresolver,thestatorcoilsareatwhatangleinrelationtooneanother?.
OptionA.
45degrees.
OptionB.
80degrees.
OptionC.
90degrees.
CorrectAnsweris. 90degrees.
Explanation. Inasynchroresolverthestatorcoilsare90degreestoeachother."
QuestionNumber.
63.
Anincreaseinnegativefeedbacktotheservoamplifier.
OptionA.
hasnoeffect.
OptionB.
increasesamplifierstability.
OptionC.
decreasesamplifierstability.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesamplifierstability.
Explanation. Negativefeedbackhelpstoincreasethestabilityofanamplifierwithchangesintemperatureandtheeffectsofage.
QuestionNumber.
64.
Inasynchro,whatisusedtoconvertsignalsfromoneformtoanother?.
OptionA.
Transducer.
OptionB.
Transmitter.
OptionC.
Transformer.
CorrectAnsweris. Transducer.
Explanation. A'transducer'convertsonesignaltypetoanother.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage171.

QuestionNumber.
65.
Acontrolsurfacepositionfeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltosurfaceposition.
OptionB.
proportionaltosurfaceposition.
OptionC.
nonlinear.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltosurfaceposition.
Explanation. Position feedback is proportional to surface position. Meaning, as control surface deflection increases, so does the
feedback.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Apositiongyrowillprovide.
OptionA.
accelerationfeedback.
OptionB.
velocityfeedback.
OptionC.
positionalfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. positionalfeedback.
Explanation. Referringtoa'positiongyro'asinartificialhorizonanddirectionalgyro.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Invelocityfeedbackthesignalis.
OptionA.
outofphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
equaltotheerrorsignal.
Explanation. Thevelocityfeedbackmustbeantiphasewiththeerrorsignalinordertoopposeit(andthusbenegativefeedback).
QuestionNumber.
68.
Ifvelocityfeedbackinaservosystemisaboveoptimum,thiswillcause.
OptionA.
noeffect.
OptionB.
sluggishoperation.
OptionC.
hunting.
CorrectAnsweris. sluggishoperation.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackslowsdowntheoperationoftherotor.
QuestionNumber.
69.
Theamountofratefeedbackfromatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
proportionaltospeed.
OptionB.
constantforallservospeeds.
OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltospeed.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltospeed.
Explanation. Atachogeneratorprovidesfeedbackproportionaltoitsrate(speed).
QuestionNumber.
70.
Whatcontrolsystemisusedonaninputthatgivesacontrolledpredeterminedoutput?.
OptionA.
ControlServo.
OptionB.
ClosedLoop.
OptionC.
OpenLoop.
CorrectAnsweris. ClosedLoop.
Explanation. Onlyaclosedloopcontrolsystemcangiveapredeterminedoutput.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Increasingvelocityfeedbackfromoptimumwillgive.
OptionA.
fasterperformance.
OptionB.
sluggishperformance.
OptionC.
nochangeontheoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. sluggishperformance.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackissubtractedfromtheerrorsignaltoreducetherateoftheoutput.
QuestionNumber.
72.
Aratecontrolservosystemwithasteadyinputvoltagewillgive.
OptionA.
decreasingspeed.
OptionB.
increasingspeed.
OptionC.
constantspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. constantspeed.
Explanation. Aratecontrolsystemwithasteadyinputvoltagewillgiveaconstantspeedoutput.
QuestionNumber.
73.
Anincreaseinamplitudeofaratefeedbacksignalwillcause.
OptionA.
sluggishservooperation.
OptionB.
unstableoperation.
OptionC.
reducedhunting.
CorrectAnsweris. reducedhunting.
Explanation. Rate feedback is to reduce overshoot and oscillation (hunting), therefore, increasing the amplitude (size) of the rate
feedbackwilldecreasetendencytohunt.
QuestionNumber.
74.
Anincreaseinnegativefeedback.
OptionA.
decreasessystemsensitivity.
OptionB.
increasessystemsensitivity.
OptionC.
willmakethedrivendevicecontinuouslyrotate.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasessystemsensitivity.
Explanation. Negativefeedback(positionand/orrate)increasesstabilitybutmakestheservounresponsivetosmallchanges.
QuestionNumber.
75.
Positionfeedbackisusedto.
OptionA.
indicatetothepilotthepositionoftheload.
OptionB.
topreventcontrolsurfaceoscillationswhilethesurfaceisbeingmoved.
OptionC.
ensurecontrolsurfacemovestothedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. ensurecontrolsurfacemovestothedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
Explanation. Positionfeedbackistoensurecontrolsurfacemovesto(andstopsat)thedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
QuestionNumber.
76.
Theoutputfromacontroltransformeris.
OptionA.
torque.
OptionB.
ACvoltage.
OptionC.
DCvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ACvoltage.
Explanation. ThecontroltransformerprovidesACvoltageinproportiontotheerrorsignal.
QuestionNumber.
77.
Thestatoroutputvoltagesfromasynchroresolverare.
OptionA.
3phase.
OptionB.
ACsinglephase.
OptionC.
DC.
CorrectAnsweris. ACsinglephase.
Explanation. ACsinglephasefromeachwinding.
QuestionNumber.
78.
Atypicaluseforresolversynchrosis.
OptionA.
flybywiresystem.
OptionB.
enginepowerinstrumentation.
OptionC.
incompasscomparatorunits.
CorrectAnsweris. incompasscomparatorunits.
Explanation. A resolver synchro converts Cartesian coordinates (grid refs) to polar (compass reading) and can be usedtocheckthe
accuracyofthecompasssystem.
QuestionNumber.
79.
Whatdoesaresolverdo?.
OptionA.
Addstwosignals.
OptionB.
Resolvesamovementintosineandcosinecomponents.
OptionC.
Resolvesapositionintosineandcosinecomponents.
CorrectAnsweris. Resolvesapositionintosineandcosinecomponents.
Explanation. Aresolverconvertsapositionfrompolarcoordinatesintocartesiancoordinates,and/orviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
80.
Ifthefeedbackisideallydamped,thesignalwill.
OptionA.
overshootsonceandreturnback.
OptionB.
notovershoot.
OptionC.
oscillate.
CorrectAnsweris. overshootsonceandreturnback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
81.
Inatachogeneratortheoutputvoltageis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltothespeed.
OptionB.
zero.
OptionC.
directlyproportionaltothespeed.
CorrectAnsweris. directlyproportionaltothespeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
82.
Theprimarypurposeofratefeedbackinapositionalservosystemisto.
OptionA.
ensuresystemlinearity.
OptionB.
preventexcessiveovershoot.
OptionC.
ensureminimumresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. preventexcessiveovershoot.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
83.
Inacontrolsurfacepositionindicatingsystemthefeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
inphasewiththecontrolsurfaceposition.
OptionB.
indirectlyproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
OptionC.
proportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
84.
Synchrosystemsdependontheprinciplesof.
OptionA.
electromagneticinduction.
OptionB.
capacitivereaction.
OptionC.
mutualInductance.
CorrectAnsweris. mutualInductance.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
85.
Apiezoelectriccrystalisanexampleof.
OptionA.
ananaloguetransducer.
OptionB.
aPneumaticTransducer.
OptionC.
aElectroAcousticTransducer.
CorrectAnsweris. ananaloguetransducer.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
86.
Thedifferencebetweenanopenandclosedloopis.
OptionA.
errorsignal.
OptionB.
feedback.
OptionC.
correspondence.
CorrectAnsweris. feedback.
Explanation. NIL.

QuestionNumber.
87.
InaDesynnindicatorsystem,whereispowersuppliedto?.
OptionA.
Transmitterandindicator.
OptionB.
Indicatoronly.
OptionC.
Transmitteronly.
CorrectAnsweris. Transmitteronly.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
88.
WhatdoestheDesynnindicatorrotorconsistof?.
OptionA.
Electromagnet.
OptionB.
PermanentMagnet.
OptionC.
Aluminiumcoredcoil.
CorrectAnsweris. PermanentMagnet.
Explanation. NIL.
3b.Servomechanisms.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Whenaservomotorovershootsafterastepinputandoscillatesitis.
OptionA.
underdamped.
OptionB.
overdamped.
OptionC.
criticallydamped.
CorrectAnsweris. underdamped.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Areductionfromtheoptimumsettingofthevelocityfeedbackinaservoloopcouldcause.
OptionA.
instability.
OptionB.
slowresponse.
OptionC.
owservogain.
CorrectAnsweris. instability.
Explanation. SeePallettAutomaticFlightControlpg88.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Thephasedifferencebetweenthesuppliesofatwophaseinductionmotoris.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
180.
OptionC.
0.
Explanation. Thephasedifferenceofthetwophasesappliedtoaninductionmotoris90.
QuestionNumber.
4.
If the rotor of the receiver in a torque synchro system was prevented fromaligningwiththetransmitter
rotor,then.
OptionA.
thetransmitterrotorwillturntoalignwiththereceiverrotor.
OptionB.
thereceiverwillhunt.
OptionC.
thereceiverwilloverheat.
CorrectAnsweris. thereceiverwilloverheat.
Explanation. Currentflowsinthestatorwhenevertherotorsarenotincorrespondence.
QuestionNumber.
5.
AnE&Ibaroutputatdatumhas.
OptionA.
animbalanceofvoltagesinthesecondarywindings.
OptionB.
noinducedvoltageinthesecondarywindings.
OptionC.
equalandoppositevoltagesinducedinthesecondary.
CorrectAnsweris. equalandoppositevoltagesinducedinthesecondary.
Explanation. SeePallettAutomaticFlightControlpg130.
QuestionNumber.
6.
The result of cross connectingtwoofthetransmissionleadsinatorquesynchrosystemandthenturning
therotorofthetransmitter60clockwisewouldbe.
OptionA.
thereceiverwouldmove60clockwise.
OptionB.
thereceiverwouldmove60anticlockwise.
OptionC.
thereceiverwouldmove120anticlockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. thereceiverwouldmove60anticlockwise.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
ThecontrolwindingsofatwophaseservomotorissuppliedwithACvoltageof.
OptionA.
variableamplitude,variablephase.
OptionB.
variablephase.
OptionC.
constantamplitude.
CorrectAnsweris. variableamplitude,variablephase.
Explanation. The control windings are fed with variable amplitude AC but the amplitude can be positive (in phase) or negative
(antiphase).
QuestionNumber.
8.
Iftherotorofacontrolsynchrosticks.
OptionA.
thesystemhunts.
OptionB.
thepositionfeedbackwilloscillate.
OptionC.
highcurrentwillflow.
CorrectAnsweris. highcurrentwillflow.
Explanation. Highcurrentflowsinthestatorswhenevertherotorsarenotincorrespondence.
QuestionNumber.
9.
With the reversal of the connections to the rotor of the transmitter of a torque synchro, the position of
thereceiverrotorwillbe.
OptionA.
changedby120.
OptionB.
unchanged.
OptionC.
changedby180.
CorrectAnsweris. changedby180.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Theapplicationofa'stickoff'voltagetoacontrolsynchroservosystemis.
OptionA.
toovercometheeffectofstaticfriction.
OptionB.
toovercometheeffectofviscousfriction.
OptionC.
topreventalignmenttoafalsenull.
CorrectAnsweris. topreventalignmenttoafalsenull.
Explanation. Stickoffvoltageistopreventalignmenttoafalsenull(i.e.180degreesout)whensystemisswitchedoff.
QuestionNumber.
11.
A servo system may include a brake, an automatic trim system is one example where a brake is used.
Thebrakeis.
OptionA.
appliedwhentrimmingiscompletetopreventstabilizercreep.
OptionB.
appliedduringtrimmingtopreventoscillationsaboutthedemandposition.
OptionC.
appliedduringtrimmingtopreventservorunaway.
CorrectAnsweris. appliedwhentrimmingiscompletetopreventstabilizercreep.
Explanation. Thetrimswitchoftenconsistsof2separateswitches.Oneistoreleasethebrake,theotheristoswitchonthemotor.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Inacontrolsynchrothestatorcurrentceasestoflowwhen.
OptionA.
theCTrotorisatnull.
OptionB.
whenpowerisremoved.
OptionC.
whenthetworotorsarealigned.
CorrectAnsweris. whenpowerisremoved.
Explanation. Inacontrolsynchro,thestatorissuppliedwithcurrentatalltimes,whateverthetransformerrotorposition.

QuestionNumber.
13.
The result of reversing the rotor connections to the receiver of a torque synchro systemisthattherotor
position.
OptionA.
ischangedby180.
OptionB.
isunchanged.
OptionC.
ischangedby120.
CorrectAnsweris. ischangedby180.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Atwophaseinductionmotorusedinaservomechanism.
OptionA.
willalwaysrequireastarter.
OptionB.
runswithnoslip.
OptionC.
isselfstartingunderlightloads.
CorrectAnsweris. isselfstartingunderlightloads.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Ahysteresisservomotorisusedinaservomechanismbecause.
OptionA.
ithasgoodstartingcharacteristics.
OptionB.
goodspeed/voltagerelationship.
OptionC.
lowinertia.
CorrectAnsweris. ithasgoodstartingcharacteristics.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Reversaloftwoofthestatorconnectionsonatorquesynchroreceiverwouldcause.
OptionA.
thetransmittertobecomethereceiver.
OptionB.
theoutputtomovethesamedirectionastheinput.
OptionC.
theoutputtomovethereversedirectiontotheinput.
CorrectAnsweris. theoutputtomovethereversedirectiontotheinput.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Theoutputofatachogeneratorshouldbe.
OptionA.
exponential.
OptionB.
linear.
OptionC.
sinusoidal.
CorrectAnsweris. sinusoidal.
Explanation. Theoutputshouldbethesamewaveformastheinput,i.e.sinusoidal.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Withaconstantinputtoaspeedcontrolservo,theservomotor.
OptionA.
movestoacertainposition.
OptionB.
movesataconstantspeed.
OptionC.
oscillates,butotherwisedoesnotmove.
CorrectAnsweris. movesataconstantspeed.
Explanation. Aspeedcontrolservomovestheload(e.g.aradardish)atconstantspeed.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Criticaldampinginaservomechanismis.
OptionA.
thepointwhichallowsjustoneovershootbeforetheloadcomestorest.
OptionB.
theamountofdampingthatresultsintheloadjustnotoscillating.
OptionC.
thecriticaldampingrequiredfortheoptimumdampingoftheservomechanism.
CorrectAnsweris. theamountofdampingthatresultsintheloadjustnotoscillating.
Explanation. dampingresultsinthefastesttimetodemandpositionwithoutanyovershoot.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Reverserotationofacontroltransformerrotorcanbecausedby.
OptionA.
connectionstothetransmitterrotorreversed.
OptionB.
connectionsbetweenthetransformerrotorandtheamplifierreversed.
OptionC.
shortcircuitbetweentwotransmissionlines.
CorrectAnsweris. connectionsbetweenthetransformerrotorandtheamplifierreversed.
Explanation. Reversing the connections to the amplifier will make the motor run backwards. Then the feedback will drive the
transformerrotorinthewrongdirection.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Velocitylagcanbedecreasedby.
OptionA.
keepingtheerrordetector(summingpoint)outputaslowaspossible.
OptionB.
introductionofanintegrator.
OptionC.
decreasingthecoulombfrictioninthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingthecoulombfrictioninthesystem.
Explanation. Coulombfrictionisoneofthethingswhichcausesvelocitylag.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Atwophasemotorwillstopwhen.
OptionA.
thecontrolphaseisreversed.
OptionB.
thereferencephaseisreversed.
OptionC.
thecontrolphaseiszero.
CorrectAnsweris. thecontrolphaseiszero.
Explanation. Atwophasemotorwillstopwhenthecontrolphaseiszero(i.e.nooutput).
QuestionNumber.
23.
Atachogeneratoroutputis.
OptionA.
variablefrequency,constantvoltage.
OptionB.
variablefrequency,variablevoltage.
OptionC.
variablevoltage,constantfrequency.
CorrectAnsweris. variablevoltage,constantfrequency.
Explanation. Atachogeneratoroutputisthesamefrequencyastheinput(i.e.constant)butthevoltagevaries.

QuestionNumber.
24.
If two ofthestatorleadsare crossconnectedinacontrolsynchrosystem,a25clockwiserotationofthe
inputrotorwouldresultintheoutputrotor.
OptionA.
moving180torectifythedefect.
OptionB.
moving25anticlockwise.
OptionC.
moving25clockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. moving25anticlockwise.
Explanation. Cross connecting two stator leads of a control synchro will make the magnetic field in the receiver rotate in the
oppositedirectionasthetransmitter.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Dampinginaservomechanismiseasiertoapplyif.
OptionA.
themechanismislightandhashighinertia.
OptionB.
themechanismislightandhaslowinertia.
OptionC.
themechanismisheavyandhashighinertia.
CorrectAnsweris. themechanismislightandhaslowinertia.
Explanation. Overshootandoscillationisgreatestwhenthemechanismisheavyandhasahighinertia.
QuestionNumber.
26.
If the electrical connections to the feedback generator in a control synchro system were disconnected,
the.
OptionA.
motorwouldruninthewrongdirection.
OptionB.
inputsignaltotheamplifierwouldreduce.
OptionC.
systemwouldtendtooscillate.
CorrectAnsweris. systemwouldtendtooscillate.
Explanation. Feedback from the tachogeneratorpreventsoverspeedandovershoot,so disconnectingthefeedbackwillcausetheload

toovershootandoscillate.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Anincreaseinservoamplifiergain.
OptionA.
increasessystemresponse.
OptionB.
reducestendencytohunt.
OptionC.
reducesthespeedofthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. increasessystemresponse.
Explanation. Increasing servoamplifier gain will make the system respond faster but will also cause it to overshoot and oscillate
(hunt).
QuestionNumber.
28.
Theterm'velocitylag'referstoa.
OptionA.
speederror.
OptionB.
accelerationerror.
OptionC.
positionerror.
CorrectAnsweris. positionerror.
Explanation. Velocitylagisthedifferencebetweenthedemandinputandtheloadposition.Itisthereforeapositionerror.
QuestionNumber.
29.
TherotorofanACtachogenerator.
OptionA.
rotatesatconstantspeed.
OptionB.
hasskewedslots.
OptionC.
hasacopper,brassoraluminiumcylinder.
CorrectAnsweris. hasacopper,brassoraluminiumcylinder.
Explanation. AnACgeneratorrotorismadefromadiamagneticmaterialsuchascopper,brassoraluminium.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Aservosystemwithtransientnegativevelocityfeedback.
OptionA.
isdampedwithlittlevelocitylag.
OptionB.
isunderdampedwithhighvelocitylag.
OptionC.
isdampedwithhighvelocitylag.
CorrectAnsweris. isdampedwithlittlevelocitylag.
Explanation. Transient velocity feedback is a variable feedback which can be switched on when the system is about to overshoot
(andanticipatestheovershoot).Butitcanalsobeswitchedoffwhenitisnotrequiredtoreducethevelocitylag.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Toreversethedirectionofrotationofatwophaseinductionmotor.
OptionA.
reversethepolarityofboththecontrolphaseandreferencephase.
OptionB.
reversethepolarityofthecontrolphase.
OptionC.
shiftthereferenceby90.
CorrectAnsweris. reversethepolarityofthecontrolphase.
Explanation. To reverse the direction of a two phase induction motor the control phase must be out of phase with the reference
phase.
QuestionNumber.
32.
LossofDCtoaservoamplifiercausesthemotorto.
OptionA.
reverse.
OptionB.
stop.
OptionC.
runcontinuously.
CorrectAnsweris. stop.
Explanation. LossofDCtotheservoamplifierwillcausetheamplifiertostopworkingandthemotorwillthereforestoprunning.
QuestionNumber.
33.
AnACservodemandcanbeconvertedtodriveaDCmotorbytheintroductionofa.
OptionA.
rectifier.
OptionB.
demodulator.
OptionC.
modulator.
CorrectAnsweris. demodulator.
Explanation. A demodulator differs from a rectifier in that it can sense the phase of theACinput,andgiveanoutputeitherpositive
DCornegativeDCaccordingly.ThisthendrivestheDCmotorinthecorrectdirection.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Synchroindicatorsystemsareusedwhentheindicationisrequiredtomove.
OptionA.
afractionoftheinputdistance.
OptionB.
atthesamerateastheinput.
OptionC.
slowerthantheinputrate.
CorrectAnsweris. atthesamerateastheinput.
Explanation. Asynchroindicatormovesatthesamespeedastheinput.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Alinearvariabledifferentialtransformerisusedtomeasurepositionfeedbackwhere.
OptionA.
anoutputwhosephaseisrelatedtodirectionofmovementandamplitudelinearoverawiderange.
OptionB.
360ofrotationandhighangularaccuracyisrequired.
OptionC.
isoflimitedimportancebutrobustconstructionandreliabilityisimportant.
CorrectAnsweris. anoutputwhosephaseisrelatedtodirectionofmovementandamplitudelinearoverawiderange.
Explanation. AnLVDTmeasurespositionandprovidesadifferentphaseaccordingtothedirectionofmovement.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Alowfrequencysinusoidalinputwillcauseaclosedloopservomechanismloadto.
OptionA.
movebackwardsandforwardsattheinputfrequency.
OptionB.
movebackwardsandforwardsattheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
movetoademandpositionwithnoovershoot.
CorrectAnsweris. movetoademandpositionwithnoovershoot.
Explanation. Aclosedloopservomechanism(whateverfrequency)willmovetothedemandpositionwithnoorminimalovershoot.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Ifaservoamplifierissufferingfromdrift.
OptionA.
theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandthenreturnbacktothedatumposition.
OptionB.
theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandstaythere.
OptionC.
theloadwouldoscillateaboutthedatumposition.
CorrectAnsweris. theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandstaythere.
Explanation. If a servo amplifier suffers from drift (e.g. due to age or temperature), the load will move to a new position and stop
whenthepositionfeedbackcancelsoutthedriftsignal.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Inatransientvelocityfeedbackcircuit,thetachogeneratoroutputissummatedwiththedemandvoltage.
OptionA.
atalltimeswhentheloadismoving.
OptionB.
onlywhentheloadisspeedinguporslowingdown.
OptionC.
onlywhentheloadisslowingdown.
CorrectAnsweris. onlywhentheloadisspeedinguporslowingdown.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlEHJPallettPage91.
QuestionNumber.
39.
AnLVDThas.
OptionA.
anoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
OptionB.
aninputwindingwhosevoltagewillchangewithloadmovement.
OptionC.
anoutputwindingwhosevoltageandfrequencyislineartoloadangularmovement.
CorrectAnsweris. anoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
Explanation. AnLVDThasanoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Toconvertadifferentialsynchrofromsubtractiontoadditionyouwould.
OptionA.
changeovertworotorandtwostatorconnections.
OptionB.
changeoverallthreestatorwindings.
OptionC.
reversethereferencephasesupply.
CorrectAnsweris. changeovertworotorandtwostatorconnections.
Explanation. To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you must swap twooftherotorleads ANDswaptwoof
thestatorleads.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Ingeneraltheaccuracyofasynchrosystemincreasesifthe.
OptionA.
statorcurrentislow.
OptionB.
rotorcurrentishigh.
OptionC.
statorcurrentishigh.
CorrectAnsweris. statorcurrentislow.
Explanation. Thesynchrosystemisonlyaccuratewhenthetworotorsareincorrespondence.Atthistimethestatorcurrentiszero.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Theinducedsignalintheoutputcoilsofthemagnesynsystem.
OptionA.
desaturatesthesoftironcore.
OptionB.
isofavalueof800Hz.
OptionC.
dampsthepointeroscillations.
CorrectAnsweris. isofavalueof800Hz.
Explanation. A signal from the permanent magnet flux is induced every time the soft iron comesoutofsaturation.Therefore,ifthe
supplyis400Hztheinducedsignalis800Hz.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Thedirectionoftheinduced(secondary)magneticfieldinasynchrotransmitter.
OptionA.
inthesamedirectionastheprimaryfield.
OptionB.
isintheoppositedirectiontotheprimaryfield.
OptionC.
is90totheprimarymagneticfield.
CorrectAnsweris. isintheoppositedirectiontotheprimaryfield.
Explanation. The rotor of a synchro transmitter induces a current into the stator coils. The stator coils produce a magnetic field
whichopposesthefieldintherotorwhichcreatedit.(Similartothesecondaryfieldofatransformer).
QuestionNumber.
44.
Thecoggingeffectinsynchrosisrectifiedby.
OptionA.
usinganellipticalcog.
OptionB.
skewingtherotor.
OptionC.
usingcarbonbrushes.
CorrectAnsweris. skewingtherotor.
Explanation. Thecoggingeffectinasynchroispreventedbyskewing(ortwisting)therotor.
QuestionNumber.
45.
Reversalofthepowersupplytoeitherthetransmitterorthereceiverofatorquesynchrosystemwould.
OptionA.
makethereceiverrotorrotateintheoppositedirection.
OptionB.
causea180displacementbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.
OptionC.
havenoeffectontheindication,butwouldcauseaheavycurrenttoflow.
CorrectAnsweris. causea180displacementbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.
Explanation. Reversal of the power supply to either the transmitter or the receiver will cause a 180 degree displacement of the
receiverrotor.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Thepurposeofaflywheelincorporatedinasynchroisto.
OptionA.
increasethedrivingforce.
OptionB.
preventinsectingress.
OptionC.
preventoscillations.
CorrectAnsweris. preventoscillations.
Explanation. Thepurposeofaflywheelonasynchroisaspartofaeddycurrent(coulombfriction)dampingmechanism.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Inasynchrosystem,iftwostatorlinesarecrossedthereceiverwill.
OptionA.
be180out.
OptionB.
notbeaffected.
OptionC.
reversedirection.
CorrectAnsweris. reversedirection.
Explanation. Iftwostatorlinesarecrossedthereceiverwillreverseindirection.

QuestionNumber.
48.
InanEandIsignalgeneratoratdatum,thevoltageonthesecondarywindings.
OptionA.
iszero.
OptionB.
ismaximum.
OptionC.
areequalandopposite.
CorrectAnsweris. areequalandopposite.
Explanation. Since an EandI bar transformer secondarywindingiswoundinseriesopposition,atdatumthevoltagein thesecondary

windingswillbeequalandoppositeandcancel.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Inasynchrotel,the.
OptionA.
statorcoilisfixedandtherotorcoilmoves.
OptionB.
rotorcoilandstatorcoilisfixed.
OptionC.
rotorcoilisfixedandthestatorcoilmoves.
CorrectAnsweris. rotorcoilandstatorcoilisfixed.
Explanation. AircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemsPallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
50.
AnE&Itransformeroutofdatumhas.
OptionA.
equalandoppositevoltagesineachwindings.
OptionB.
unequalandoppositevoltagesinbothwindings.
OptionC.
novoltageineitherwinding.
CorrectAnsweris. unequalandoppositevoltagesinbothwindings.
Explanation. Offdatum,theE&Itransformerhasunequalandoppositevoltagesinthewindings(andhenceanoutput).
QuestionNumber.
51.
Whenismaximumvoltageinducedintotherotorofacontrolsynchrotransformer?.
OptionA.
90degrees(nullposition).
OptionB.
0degrees.
OptionC.
Whenspinningfast.
CorrectAnsweris. 0degrees.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
52.
Tochecktheoutputofasynchrostatoritwouldbepreferabletouse.
OptionA.
aValveVoltmeter.
OptionB.
aCambridgeBridge.
OptionC.
anAvometer.
CorrectAnsweris. aValveVoltmeter.
Explanation. Since the synchro stator output is a very low voltage, a high impedancemultimeterwouldbeused.Since thisisnotan
answerprovidedthemostsensitiveofthethreeistheValveVoltmeter.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Synchrocapacitorsareconnectedintosynchrosystemsto.
OptionA.
actassparksuppressionduetowearofthesliprings.
OptionB.
increasetheaccuracyofthecontrolsynchro.
OptionC.
minimizethetorquesynchrostatorcurrentatnull.
CorrectAnsweris. increasetheaccuracyofthecontrolsynchro.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsincreasetheaccuracyofthesynchrosystem.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Inaslabdesynntransmitterthe.
OptionA.
pickoffsformpartofthecircuitresistance.
OptionB.
pickoffsrotateontheslabresister.
OptionC.
pickoffsareconnectedtoasparksuppressor.
CorrectAnsweris. pickoffsrotateontheslabresister.
Explanation. Thepickoffsrotateontheslabresistor.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage352.
QuestionNumber.
55.
If,inaservosystem,theamplitudefromthefeedbacksystemisbelownormal,theservowill.
OptionA.
besluggishinoperation.
OptionB.
oscillate.
OptionC.
beoverdamped.
CorrectAnsweris. oscillate.
Explanation. Thefeedbacksystemisdesignedtopreventovershootandoscillation(hunting).
QuestionNumber.
56.
Adesynninstrumenthasapositiveregularincreasingerror,youwouldadjust.
OptionA.
leverlength.
OptionB.
leverangleandleverlength.
OptionC.
leverangle.
CorrectAnsweris. leverangle.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Torquesynchroreceiverbearingfrictionwillcause.
OptionA.
improvedaccuracy.
OptionB.
misalignment.
OptionC.
hunting.
CorrectAnsweris. misalignment.
Explanation. Bearingfrictionwillcausethedelicaterotortostopbeforethedesiredposition.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Acontrolsynchrosystempointeris.
OptionA.
actuatedbyapermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
displacedbythetorqueofthestator.
OptionC.
motordriven.
CorrectAnsweris. motordriven.
Explanation. Thereceiverofacontrolsynchroiseffectivelyaslowspeedsynchronousmotor.

QuestionNumber.
59.
AD.C.signalconvertedtoaphasesensitiveA.C.is.
OptionA.
modulation.
OptionB.
demodulation.
OptionC.
phaseconversion.
CorrectAnsweris. modulation.
Explanation. DCtophasesensitiveAC='modulation'.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Therotorcoilofasynchrotel.
OptionA.
rotatesonlywhenacurrentflowsinit.
OptionB.
rotates.
OptionC.
isstationary.
CorrectAnsweris. isstationary.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
61.
Thepurposeofsynchrocapacitorsinadifferentialsynchrotransmissionsystem.
OptionA.
reducestatorcircuitimpedance.
OptionB.
toreducestatorcurrent.
OptionC.
reducerotorcurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. toreducestatorcurrent.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsreducestatorcurrentandmakethesynchrosystemmoreaccurate.
QuestionNumber.
62.
Thepurposeofaflywheelinasynchroreceiverindicatoristo.
OptionA.
increasedrivingtorque.
OptionB.
preventspinningoroscillation.
OptionC.
encouragespinning.
CorrectAnsweris. preventspinningoroscillation.
Explanation. Theflywheeliscoupledtosomeformofbrake(e.g.magnetic)toreduceoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
63.
Alinearvariometeris.
OptionA.
aspecialsynchrogivingacoutputproportionaltoshaftangle.
OptionB.
aspecialautotransformerforsynchrosystempowersupplies.
OptionC.
analternativetermforadesynnsystem.
CorrectAnsweris. aspecialsynchrogivingacoutputproportionaltoshaftangle.
Explanation. A linear variometerisadevicewhichgivesanoutputvoltagedirectlyproportionaltoanglewhencoupledtoagyro(for

example).
QuestionNumber.
64.
Inasynchroteltherotatingwindingis.
OptionA.
thestator.
OptionB.
rotor.
OptionC.
neither.
CorrectAnsweris. neither.
Explanation. This is a trick question, because a synchrotel has NO rotating winding. Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems
PallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
65.
The receiver rotor in a torque synchro system oscillates over anarcofapprox75degrees.Theprobable
causeis.
OptionA.
onestatorlineopencircuit.
OptionB.
twostatorlinesreversed.
OptionC.
shortcircuitbetweentwostatorlines.
CorrectAnsweris. onestatorlineopencircuit.
Explanation. A'possible'symptomofastatorlineopen.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Synchrocapacitorsarefitted.
OptionA.
toimprovesensitivityandaccuracy.
OptionB.
toprovidecriticaldamping.
OptionC.
tomakeadditionaldampingfeaturesunnecessary.
CorrectAnsweris. toimprovesensitivityandaccuracy.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsreducestatorcurrentandmakethesynchrosystemmoreaccurate.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Theoutputofacontroltransformerismade.
OptionA.
phaseandamplitudesensitivebydirectionandmagnitudeofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
OptionB.
phaseandamplitudesensitivebymagnitudeanddirectionofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
OptionC.
phasesensitivebytransmitterrotorexcitationandamplitudesensitivebydirectionoftransmitterrotormovement.
CorrectAnsweris. phaseandamplitudesensitivebydirectionandmagnitudeofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
Explanation. PhaseprovidedbyTXrotordirection,amplitudeprovidedbyTXrotordisplacement(magnitude).
QuestionNumber.
68.
Theletter'B'followingtheidentificationcodeonthecaseofasynchrodenotes.
OptionA.
thatthesynchroissecondhand.
OptionB.
themodificationstatus.
OptionC.
thatthestatorisrotatable.
CorrectAnsweris. thatthestatorisrotatable.
QuestionNumber.
69.
TXistheabbreviationfora.
OptionA.
torquetransmitter.
OptionB.
controltransformer.
OptionC.
torquereceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. torquetransmitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
70.
TRistheabbreviationfora.
OptionA.
transmitterResolver.
OptionB.
torquereceiver.
OptionC.
torquesynchro.
CorrectAnsweris. torquereceiver.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Whenasynchrosystemisincorrespondence,itstransmitterandreceiver.
OptionA.
areinphase.
OptionB.
areantiphase.
OptionC.
areat90toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. areinphase.
Explanation. NIL.
4.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Thereferencephasetoasynchrois.
OptionA.
50Hz.
OptionB.
28VDC.
OptionC.
400Hz.
CorrectAnsweris. 400Hz.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics,TKEisminPage353.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Inratefeedback,whenthemotorhasreachedthecommandedposition,theoutputwillbe.
OptionA.
maximumandinphasewiththeinput.
OptionB.
maximumandoutofphasewiththeinput.
OptionC.
zero.
Explanation. Assumingitisapositionservo,notarateservo(butallthreeanswersareincorrectifitisarateservo).
QuestionNumber.
3.
Whatpowerisrequiredforadesynnindicatorsystem?.
OptionA.
DC.
OptionB.
AC400Hz.
OptionC.
AC50Hz.
CorrectAnsweris. DC.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Whatmaterialwouldhave3electronsintheoutermostorbit?.
OptionA.
MajorityCarriermaterial.
OptionB.
ThedonortoanNTypesemiconductormaterial.
OptionC.
TheacceptortoaPTypesemiconductormaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. TheacceptortoaPTypesemiconductormaterial.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
amicroprocessoronaPCB.
OptionA.
isnoteasilydamagedbystaticelectricity.
OptionB.
iseasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifmishandling.
OptionC.
isonlyeasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifremovedfromtehPCB.
CorrectAnsweris. iseasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifmishandling.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Onatorquesynchro,theACpowersupplyisappliedto.
OptionA.
therotorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
OptionB.
therotorofthetransmitteronly.
OptionC.
thestatorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. therotorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
TheCharacteristicCurveofatransistorisplottedonaxisof.
OptionA.
basecurrentagainstVec.
OptionB.
collectorcurrentagainstVbe.
OptionC.
collectorcurrentagainstVec.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorcurrentagainstVec.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.standrews.ac.uk/~jcgl/Scots_Guide/info/comp/active/BiPolar/bpcur.html
QuestionNumber.
8.
Amplifieroutputcharacteristicsaredefinedby.
OptionA.
thecollectorresistance.
OptionB.
theeffectoftheloadresistor.
OptionC.
theconfigurationofthetransistor.
CorrectAnsweris. theconfigurationofthetransistor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
WhatTypeofDiodeisthis?.

OptionA.
VaractorDiode.
OptionB.
DoubleActingDiode.
OptionC.
ShottkyDiode.
CorrectAnsweris. ShottkyDiode.
Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/varactor.html
QuestionNumber.
10.
Adevicewhichprovidescheapandconvenientvariablepowersupplyisa.
OptionA.
Diac.
OptionB.
Variac.
OptionC.
Triac.
CorrectAnsweris. Variac.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotransformer

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Module04.

Explanation. To switch off a thyristor (such as an SCR)youmustdisconnectthesupplyvoltage.AircraftElectricityandElectronics

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op_amp#DC_behavior

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varactor_diode

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pn_junction

Explanation. A bandpass filterexcludesfrequenciesaboveandbelowaparticularfrequency.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th

Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/photdet.html#c2

Explanation. NIL. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14179/css/14179_131.htm

Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/voldoub.html

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIAC

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptype_semiconductor

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiodes

Explanation. For a transistor to switch on, the baseemitter(orjust emitter)junctionmustbeforwardbiased.AircraftElectricityand

Explanation. The collector onaNPNtransistor ismorepositivethanthebaseandtheemitter.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th

Explanation. Thermal runaway iscaused by the'negativetemperature coefficient'ofsemiconductors.Moreheat,lessresistant,hence

Explanation. Close' is an important requirement. The capacitorhastobeascloseas possibletothe+vepowersupplypin.Answera)

Explanation. NIL. http://www.vishay.com/brands/measurements_group/guide/glossary/commodvt.htm

Explanation. NIL. http://www.safarix.com/0131470469/ch11lev1sec6

Explanation. NIL. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14180/css/14180_48.htm

Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verylargescale_integration,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergrated_circuit

Explanation. To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to additionyoumustswaptwoofthestatorleadsANDswap two of

Explanation. Feedback from the tachogeneratorpreventsoverspeedandovershoot,so disconnectingthefeedbackwillcausetheload

Explanation. Since an EandI bar transformer secondarywindingiswoundinseriesopposition,atdatumthevoltagein thesecondary

Explanation. A linear variometerisadevicewhichgivesanoutputvoltagedirectlyproportionaltoanglewhencoupledtoagyro(for

Explanation. NIL. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14187/css/14187_18.htm

Explanation. NIL. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/varactor.html

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