Activity 1.

Establish the difference between Phonetics and Phonology.

Strategy:
1
Write your own definition /explanation of Phonetics.
2
Write your own definition /explanation of Phonology.
3
Explain the aspects each discipline deals with.
4
Explain the difference between these disciplines.
5
Illustrate your explanation with examples of the components proper for
Phonetics and
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Phonology.

The study of the sounds of speech is divided into the disciplines of phonetics and
phonology.
PHONETICS is a field of linguistics that studies speech sounds, therefore deals with the
capacity of human to producing sound and analyzes the range of possible speech sounds.
Phonetics also studies how sounds are received and decoded by the brain.
Phonetics studies speech sounds as physical objects, how sounds are produced and methods
for their classification. It includes an analysis of the physical properties of speech sounds
such as: physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception and
neurophysiological status.
Phonetics is sub-divided into several branches.
Articulatory phonetics: it studies how the air is modified by the structures of the
respiratory and digestive systems to produce sounds. These structures are calledN, and are:
trachea, larynx, vocal cords, glottis, epiglottis, pharyngeal-throat, nasal- nose, and oral mouth cavities.
Acoustic phonetics: it studies the acoustic and physical properties of speech sounds, and
how that speech is perceived by the listeners ears. It deals with amplitude during sound
transmission from speaker to hearer, from mouth to ear.
Auditory phonetics: it focuses on the listener rather than the producer of speech, studies of
how sounds are decoded by the brain after they are received by the ear.

Example. If a person wants to deliver the word pet, firstly he or she need to put the lips
together, then air is expulsed from your lungs to the vocal chords, therefore the vibration
began and produce noise. The process results in the production of the P sound.
PHONOLOGY is a field of linguistics that studies speech sound system, therefore deals
with the systems of phonemes in particular languages. It is concerned with the systematic
organization of sounds of particular human languages, but also covers all levels of language
where sound conveys linguistic meaning or levels beneath the word.
Phonology studies how languages organize sounds to distinguish different words, it is
concerned with scientific theory and the study of the linguistic functions of sounds. In other
words, phonology is both physical and meaningful and analyses how languages organize
sounds into different patterns.
Activity 2. Describe Remedial and Practice lessons and write classroom
activities for each kind of the lesson.
STRATEGY:
1

Read and study the corresponding information in your textbook. You may also
consult the necessary information in the Internet.
2 Use your own words.
3 Write the definitions of each kind of lesson and mention its purpose.
4 Provide practical and concrete examples of activities to teach pronunciation
used during each kind of lesson. Minimum required is two classroom
activities for each lesson.
5 Be sure to write clear instruction for the class activities.
6 Describe the steps how each activity would be carried out.
7 You may attach photocopies of extra material necessary for the lesson (pictures,
flashcards, charts, tables , etc.)
8 Follow the example lessons given in your textbook.
9 Use additional sheet(s) of paper.
10 To do this activity, follow the suggested format below.

Remedial lesson:
Remedial or reactive lessons are the kind of lesson which are appropriate where a
pronunciation difficulty arises in class, therefore the problem is dealt with there and then.
This kind of lesson in useful to improve a successful achievement of classroom task,
furthermore mistakes are detected at the moment the teacher could correct them.

This kind of lesson is useful because a lot of pronunciation teaching tends to be done in
response to errors which students make in the classroom. Such reactive teaching is
absolutely necessary.
To put in practice remedial lesson teachers could plan class activities in which they could
realize a contrast between sound systems of the students native language and the target
language. This kind of contrast can be made through minimal pair contrast.
Classroom activity 1:
Wh Questions: Remedial Lesson - Listen and repeat (elementary)
Materials: whiteboard, markers
Teacher has to introduce the concept and the use of Wh Questions, through daily life
activities teacher emphasize the importance of know the correct use and pronunciation of
the Wh Questions. Then teacher tells students Wh Questions examples in their mother
tongue, and writes the examples on the whiteboard.
Cul es tu nombre?
Cuntos aos tienes?
Dnde vives?
De dnde eres?
Cmo ests?
Cuntos aos tienes?
Quin es tu mam?
Por qu trabajas en la noche?
Cunto dinero tienes?
Cuntos lpices tienes?
Then, teacher ask students to translate the question using Wh Question, the purpose is to
encourage students to participate and familiarize with the language. Teacher has to write in
the white board the new translated sentences just in front of the original sentences.
Cul es tu nombre?

What is your name?

Cmo ests?

How are you?

Cuntos aos tienes?

How old are you?

Dnde vives?

Where do you live?

De dnde eres?

Where are you from?

Quin es tu mam?

Who is your mother?

Por qu trabajas en la noche?

Why do you work at night?

Cunto dinero tienes?

How much money do you have?

Cuntos lpices tienes?

How many pencils do you have?

Then, teacher has to explain to students that they are going to listen and repeat the
sentences one by one. At the first moment, listen and repeat has to be done in group, and
the sentences could be repeated three times or more if it is necessary. Then teacher could
ask to one student to read out loud one sentence, and so on with the other students. The
activity has the purpose of practice in group, and then detects possible individual errors in
the pronunciation, so teacher could correct errors at the moment of the mistake.

Classroom activity 2:
Wh Questions: Remedial Lesson - Use minimal pairs (intermediate)
Materials: whiteboard, markers
Use minimal pairs:
Teacher says to students that they need to have cardboards of two different colors. In the
cardboards they should write these following minimal pairs.
hot hat
1 sock sack
2 mop map
3 born worn
4 track trek
5 bin win
6 buy why
7 vet- wet
8 hat get
9 cat get
10 wood good

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goat coat
right-light
rock- walk
yet jet

The words which are in the first column must be written in cardboards of the one color, and
words of the second column must be written in cardboard of other color.
Then teacher has to say one of the words which are in the list, and students have to raise the
cardboard with the correct color. Furthermore, teacher could ask to students to say a word
which sound corresponds to the color he or she indicates, so teacher could diagnostic
mistakes

and

correct

rock
Practice Lesson:

errors

which

could

be

group

or

walk

individual.

Practice lessons, in which a particular feature of pronunciation is isolated and practiced for
its own sake, forming the main focus of a lesson period.
While planning, teachers should decide what pronunciation issues are relevant to the
particular structures and lexis being dealt with in the lesson.

Activity 3. Write some practical activities that you may use in the classroom to
teach English sounds .
STRATEGY:
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Read the corresponding units in both the textbook and the didactic guide.
Choose some vowels and consonants ( at least two vowels and two
consonants ).
Provide a detailed description of class exercises you may use to teach each
sound.
Be sure to provide clear instructions for each class exercise.
Describe the steps how each activity would be carried out.
Write at least two exercises for EACH sound chosen .

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You may attach photocopies of extra material necessary for the lesson
( pictures, flashcards, charts, tables , etc.
--Use additional sheet(s) of paper.

Activity 4. Write a short essay explaining your point of view regarding

the importance of teaching pronunciation. What are the challenges
that teachers face in EFL class?
STRATEGY:
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To carry out this activity you can make use of the Internet, available textbooks,
magazines, etc., to learn more about the topic. (Include the list of used
bibliography.)
Write your own opinion about the topic .
Provide your reasons for or against teaching pronunciation. Be convincing.
Provide good reasons why teaching pronunciation is a challenging process,
explain the possible difficulties that teachers may face in EFL class.
Be creative;
Be succinct as possible.
Do not copy.
Use additional sheet(s) of paper.
The aspects that will be taken into consideration for grading this activity are:
1 pertinence of ideas, correct grammar , punctuation and orthography,
2 creativity,
3 completeness of sentence thoughts and ideas,
4 coherence
5 the use of the course terminology
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