PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

Analysis & Plot of Heat Rate

Characteristics of Thermal
Generating Units using:
a)
b)

Heat Rate Data of Given System.

Characteristic Equation of Given System.

Objective
a) To get familiar with different types of generator heat rate curves.
Forming Characteristic equation from Input/output curve.
b) Forming Input/output curve, Incremental heat rate curve and net
heat rate curve from given system characteristic equation.

Theory
Three types of curves are plotted:
1. Input/output curve (H vs. P)

2. Incremental heat rate curve (dh/dp vs. P)

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

3. Net heat rate curve (H/P vs P)

a) Heat Rate Data of Given System.

Observations and calculations
Characteristic equation can be formed using data of heat rates at different
power rating of different types of generators.
H=a+ bP+c ( P2 )
This is obtained from Input/output curve of machine in which input is in
form of heat or cost.
MBtu
Unit for heat measurement is British thermal unit
and for cost
hr

dollar/hour.
High degree polynomials give more accurate results then quadratic
polynomial but are not generally used due to complex handling of
equations. On the other hand use of linear equation disturbs the efficiency
of the machine.

Observations & Calculations

Given Data

The data in table is in MW (P) and BTU/KWh but we have to convert it into
MBTU/hr. To convert

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

Btu
Kwh
=

( MBtu
hr ) ( Kwh ) ( 1 0 )
6

Example
P=50kw.
Value in BTU/kWh=11000
Value in MBTU/hr=11000*50000/10^6

Results:
Generator 1

Code:
p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];
h=[550,444,343,243,168];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristic equation for input-output curve is

H=0.01052*P^2 + 9.504*P + 48.02

Generator 2
Code:
p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];
h=[575,464,358,254,175];
cftool(p,h)

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

The characteristic equation for input/output curve is

H=0.0112*p^2 + 9.936*p +49.71

Generator 3
Code:
p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];
h=[585,472,365,259,178];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristic equation of input/output curve is

H=0.009746*p^2 + 10.2 *p + 49.74

Generator 4
Code:
p=[200,160,120,80,50];
h=[1900,1532,1185,841,579];
cftool(p,h)

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

The characteristics equation is

H=0.002187*p^ + 8.227*p + 164.8

Generator 5
Code:

p=[200,160,120,80,50];
h=[1980,1597,1234,876,603];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.00232*p^2 + 8.568*p + 171.5

Generator 6
Code:
p=[200,160,120,80,50];
h=[2010,1621,1253,889,613];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.002413*p^ + 8.675*p + 175.7

Generator 7
Code:

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

p=[400,320,240,160,100];
h=[3600,2896,2221,1565,1067];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.001275*p^ + 7.784*p + 279.9

Generator 8

Code:
p=[400,320,240,160,100];
h=[3760,3023,2319,1635,1115];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.001389*p^ + 8.097*p + 296

Generator 9
Code:

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

p=[400,320,240,160,100];
h=[3800,3055,2344,1652,1127];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.001404*p^ + 8.183*p + 299.2

Generator 10

Code:
p=[600,480,360,240,150];
h=[5340,4315,3335,2362,1622];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.0005109*p^ + 7.855*p + 438.2

Generator 11
Code:
p=[600,480,360,240,150];
h=[5580,4509,3485,2468.6,1695];
cftool(p,h)

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

The characteristics equation is

H=0.0005315*p^ + 8.209*p + 458

Generator 12
Code:
p=[600,480,360,240,150];
h=[5640,4557,3523,2495,1713];
cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation is

H=0.0005323*p^ + 8.301*p + 462.3
Note: In all cases a=p3, b=p2 and c=p1

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

b) Characteristic equation of Given System.

Given Systems Equations
F 1=500+ (5.3 ) P+ ( 0.004 ) ( P2 )
F 2=400+ ( 5.5 ) P+ ( 0.006 ) ( P 2)
F 3=200+ ( 5.8 ) P+ ( 0.009 ) ( P2 )

Code:
clear all
clc
p1=[10:1:100];
h1=0.04.*p1.*p1+5.3*p1+500;
dh1=0.08.*p1+5.3;
h1op1=0.004.*p1+(500./p1)+5.3;
h2=0.006.*p1.*p1+5.5.*p1+400;
dh2=0.012.*p1+5.5;
h2op1=0.006.*p1+400./p1+5.5;
h3=0.009.*p1.*p1+5.8.*p1+200;
dh3=0.018.*p1+5.8;
h3op1=0.009.*p1+200./p1+5.8;
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(p1,h1,'r')
%input/output curve
hold on
plot(p1,h2,'b')
%incremental heat rate curve
hold on

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

plot(p1,h3,'g')
%net heat rate curve
hold off
legend('h1 vs p1','h2 vs p1','h3 vs p1')
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(p1,dh1,'r')
hold on
plot(p1,dh2,'b')
hold on
plot(p1,dh3,'g')
legend('dh1 vs p1','dh2 vs p1','dh3 vs p1')
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(p1,h1op1,'r')
hold on
plot(p1,h2op1,'b')
hold on
plot(p1,h3op1,'g')
legend('h1op1 vs p1','h2op1 vs p1','h3op1 vs p1')

Results:

Conclusion:

Characteristics of a generator input heat and output power can be shown

by quadratic curve.
Input/output curve: How much cost/hr is required to produce a particular
power.
Incremental heat rate curve: How much MBTU/MWhr is required for a
small increment in power.

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1

PSO

LAB No: 01

Date: 11-02-2016

Net heat rate curve: Plot average number of BTU/hr of fuel input needed
per MW output. It is the inverse of efficiency.

Name: Ahmed Bilal

Roll No: 12-EE-62

Group: B1