-

. (
. (
.
. –

. -

Base
.
. Base Shear,V ) (Frame
. Bearing Wall System
)) Shear Walls Bou
ndary . ) ) Diaphragm Element )
Truss ( Braced ) Co
ncentric . ) ( Eccentric Frame
. Building frame system
. Collector
(Axial ) Forces . Concentric braced
 .
) (Diaphragm ) (Shear Walls
) (Axial ) (Flange . (
(
) (Diaphragm
. .
.
frame Diaphragm Diaphragm chord
Strut Diaphragm
Drift Storey Drift
) Dual System SMRSF
) IMRSF ) (Shear Walls
) (Braced Frames ) – – -
. ) .
)) SEAOC Eccentric Braced Frame
. Essential Facilities
) (Deformation
. Flexible Element or System
) (Truss .) (Diaphragm Ho
zontal Bracing System
. )98 - (ACI 318M IMRSF
.
 Lateral Force Resisting System
. Moment Resisting
pace Frame
. ) (Ductile Ordinary Momen
t Resisting Space Frame
Ortho
gonal . Effects
. P
Effect ) (Plan Shear W
all . ) (Stiffness 07 Soft
Storey .
. Soil Structure R
ce Space Fram
e
) (Diaphragm .
) ) Ductile
)98- (ACI 318M
. SMRSF . S
rey .
 .
.
.
.
( ( .
Story Drift Ratio Story Shear ,Vx Strength
ructure
Tower Vertical Load Carrying Space Frame
) (Strength 08 Weak Storey .
– ) ( – )
(
–
: - - Seismic
Zone .
) 1 . ( Fig . - - Seismic Zone Number, SZN
. ) ( SZN
) 1 . ( Table - - Occupancy Cate
gories, OC . )
( OC ) 2 ( Table ) ( I
. - - Seismic Performance Categories, SPC
) ( A ) ( C
) 3 . ( Table ) ( A
. - - Configuration Requirement
 ) ( Irregularities
.
. )
5 ( Table . ) 6 ( Table
. - - Structural Systems
) 7 ( Table
) ( Rw . ) ( Rw
: - : A-Moment Resisting Frame System
. -
: B-Building Frame System
( ) Shear Walls ) . ( Braced Frames -
: C-Dual System
: -
. -
: ) (
) ( Base shear / . ) ( Shear walls
) . ( Braced frames - ) (
) ( . -
: System D-Bearing Wall .
) ( Shear Walls ) . ( Braced frames –
: E-Undefined System
) 7 . ( Table :
. - - *
. * : The Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure, DLF
. *
: The Static Lateral Force Procedure, SLF
) ( Regularity ) ( Occupancy .
) ( Irregularity types : A, B
, C ) 5 : ( Table (
) 1 . ( SZN (
) 1 . ( SZN (
) ( )
7 ( Table ) 4 ( S
) 4 ( Table ) ( .
 ( ) ( Irregular Structures
) ( . - - System Limitations
.
( ). ( Discontinuity
) ( Capacity ) ( E
) 5 ( Table
) ( Strength ) ( Weak Storey
. :
) 8/ ( Rw
– . ( .
) 7 ( Table
) ( Rw
. (
) 5
( & Tables . - -
Static Lateral Force Procedure
. - - -
: Design Base Shear ) ( V
:
: = Z ) ( Seismic Zone Factor ) 1 .
( Table = I ) ( Importance Factor ) 2 . ( T
able = Rw ) ) 7 (
Table ( . = W
: -
. -
) ( Partitions
/ . - . = C
:
: = S ) 4 .( Table
= T ) ( Fundamental Period ) (
: ) ( T

: 530.0 = Ct . 030.0 = Ct
. Ecc
entric Braced Frames 020.0 = Ct . = H ) (
Base . 57.2 = c
.
) 8/ ( Rw
C/Rw ) ( . - - - :
Base Shear :
: = Ft ) ( n :
) (
. = ) . ( i = n
. Base
Shear ) ( ) ( n :
: : Fx x
) Mass (Distribution .
: W x . i - - -
: Horizontal Distribution of Shear : (
x :
( Vx
Rigidity Diaphragm . (
: Accidental Eccentricity
) ( ) ( Dimension
.
) ( Torsional moment ) (
. - - - Torsional
Moments Torsional Eccentricities
. Torsional
.
) A (
) ( :
: = Displacement . =
. - - - Overturning -
Overturning Moments Ft Fx
. Rigidities -
. -
Stiffness
. - ( ) C ( ) B
Discontinuous
Irregularity ) ( D ( ) D
 Axial Force
: DL + 0.8 LL + 3 (Rw / 8 ) E DL + 3 (
Rw / 8 ) E ( ) DL ) ( LL ( ) E
. ( Axial F
orces . (
Axial Forces
. Working st
ress ) ( . (
: – ) – – – – (
. - - - : Storey Drift Limitation
.
. -
: · ) / Rw)h h (=h (
Fundamental Period ) ( . · ) / Rw)h
h ) ( .
Base . sh
ear ( ) h . -
. -
[ C ) (]
Period
) ( C/Rw ) ( . - - - : - Ef
fects P )
( P- Effects Stability
. - - - Vertical Components
) :( C ( Hor
izontal Cantilever Components
. (
. - - : Dynamic Lateral Forc
e Procedure
. –
)- LATERAL FORCE ON ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURES
AND NON ( SUPPORTED BY STRUCTURES STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS – –
 Nonstruct
ural Components Equipment
: (
Attachments Anchorages Bracing
. . (
Equipment
. :
. - - Elements Components
: ) ( Fp = Z I Cp W
p : = Wp = Cp ) 8 . ( Table
- ) ( Z ) ( I .
: -
) ( I ) ( . -
) ( I ) ( . - ) ( Panel C
onnection ) ( I ) ( . -
) ( Cp
Supported .
Fixed Base Period ) ( .
) ( . –

) ( Cp ) 8 ( Table
) ( Cp
) 8 ( Table
) ( . - ) (
. –
) (
. -
Diaphragms
) – – – - ( ) – – – – (. -
. - SYSTEM DES
IGN REQUIREMENTS - - Detailed Systems Design Re
quirements – – – :
) - (
.
 ) - ( ACI : -
Combined Vertical and Horizontal Forces
. -
Uplift Effects
. Working Stress
) (
. - Orthogonal Effects (
) ( B ) ( A
: ( Irregularity
) ( E ) 6 .( Table (
) ( A ) 6 ( Table
. (
. : Axial Load
. (
. Combinations .
– – – -
) - – (
) 7 ( Table
) - - ( . -
system Detailing Requirements for Combination
. - Connection ) (
.
- Deformation Compatibility
) 8/ ( Rw
. -
Effect) - (P Working Stres
s ) ( . -
Ties and Continuity
 ( .
.
) 3/ ( Z
. ( ) ( Truss
) 3/ ( Z
. - Concrete Ele
ments ) ( Collector Elements
. -
Concrete Frames
: (
) ( C ) ( SMRSF (
) ( B )
. ( IMRSF - Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry
Walls
) - - (
) / ( .
Anchors
) ( .
. Diaphr
agm Deformations . - Boundary
Members flexure
governed by . -
Diaphragms Diaphragm
.
. - Diaphragm F
orces
:
· ) ( Fpx ) ( Z I Wpx ) . (
I Wpx Z
 · ) ( Diaphragm
)
) ( ( stiffness
. - Diaphragm Ties
Ties
Struts Chords
. Chords
. Main Cross Ties - Framing Be
low Base
Overturning
. - Building Separations
Displacement
) 6/ . ( Rw - - Framing S
ystems - - - : .
) 7 . (
Table - - - Combination of Framing Systems
: - Rw ) ( Rw
. - ) ( Rw C
omponents
) . ( Rw - - - Limitation on Framing Systems -
) : ( A
) ( A . - ) : ( B
) ( B : –
: ·
) . ( IMRSF · ) . ( Dual System ·
) ( Braced Frames ) ( Shear Walls
) . ( Torsional
) ( . - ) : ( Interaction Effects

.
Storey Drifts
.
 - :
. - ) ( SMRSF
.
) ( Supported
) ( Rigid ) ( Rw . -
) : ( C ) ( C
) ( B ) 7 . ( Table
- - Design And Detailing Requirements
: - - - )
: ( A ) ( A
( M-89) ACI ) . ( Chapter - - -
) : ( B ) ( B
) 98- ( ACI-318M ) 9.12 " ( Section
" ) - - - (
. - - - ) : ( C
) ( C ) 98- ( ACI-318M
) 12 .( Chapter – Foundations – –
) ( C ) . ( B – –
Soil Capacities Load
Combinations Strains
.
. – – Superstr
ucture
. – – Foun
dation - soil Interface ) ( Ft
Overturning . Moment – –
( ) (
A ) - - ( ) - - (
) . ( A ( ) ( B ) ( C
) ( B ) ( C
) ( A ) - - ( ) – – –
( . ( Investigation ) – -
( ) - – (
: · .
 · . Liquefaction ·
. – – Piles . Cais
sons ( Design For Earthquake Motion
.
. ( Footing Interconnection –
. –
.
-
– –
.
: ( . (
. (
. – – Ductility
Ductility
.
Distortion
.

. ) (
Elastic ) ( B
. Elasticity
 ) ( Level A
Plastically .
.
) ( A ) ( B .
– –
) (
Trusses .
Frames .
. – – Diaphragms
) (
. – - Shear Walls
Cantilever
.
.
– –
Joints ) (.
 ) (
. ) (
Deformation .
Ductile .
Brittle – – Deformation Reversal I
nelastic . Ductile
) (

Deflection
.
Deformations Ductility . Capacit
y Inela
stic Reversal
Panel Zone
Bending .
) Panel Zone ) (( Stirrups
.
.

. Yield
.
. –
 . ·
. ·
.
.
.
Liquefacation . ·
) ( bracing
.
. Ductility
.
. · Redundancy
. ·
. . ·
.
) ( . ·
.
Soft Storey
. . ·
. ·
Stiffness
. ·
. ·
. ·
Counter Weights
. ·
. ·
. ·
Parapets Exterior Panels
. ·
.
 · Pre-cast . ·
. - -
. -
. -
.
-
/ . -
. - )
...( . -
. - .
- .
-
. / .
. . . .
" "
) ( . Reference .Al-Hadad ,M.S, Dr. G. H. Siddiqi,
Dr. R. Z. Al-Zaid, Dr. A. M. Arafah, Dr. A Necioglu, and Dr. N. Turkelli. “ A St
udy Leading To Preliminary Seismic Design Criteria For The Kingdom “ King Abdu
l aziz city for science and technology .

Z Table 1. Seismic Zone Number (SZN) and Seismic Zone Factor

SZN Z
0 50.0
1 570.0
2A 2B 51.0 02.0 Table 2. Occupancy Category
Occupancy Type or Function Category Occupancy of Structure Description Design
on Hospitals and other medical ES facilities having surgery, and emergency
ment areasFire Essential and police stations.Tanks or other structures containin
g
housing, or supporting water or other fire-suppression materials or equipment re
quired for the protection of essential or hazardous facilities, or special occup
ancy structures.Emergency I = 1.25 vehicle and equipment shelters and garages.St
ructures and equipment in emergency preparedness centers. Stand-by power generat
ing equipment for essential facilities. Structures and equipment in communicatio
n centers and other facilities required for emergency response.Structures housin
g, supporting or containing sufficient quantities of toxic or explosive substanc
es to be dangerous to the safety of the general public if released. MosquesCover
ed structures whose primary occupancy is public assembly capacity more than 300
persons.Buildings for schools (through secondary) or daycare centers capacity mo
re than 250 students.Building for colleges or adults education schools capacity
more than 500 students.Medical facilities with Special SPI = 1.1 50 or more resi
dent incapacitated patients, but not included above.Jails and detention faciliti
es.All structures with occupancy more than 5000 persons.Structures and equipment
in power generating stations and other public utility facilities not included a
bove, and required for continued operation. All structures having ST Standard oc
cupancies or function not I = 1.0 listed above. Table 3. Seismic Performance Cat
egory
Seismic Zone number Standard ST Special SP Essential ES (SZN) B C C 2B A B B 2A
A A B 1 No seismic requirement on the structures in 0 this zone
Table 4. Site Profile and Site Factor , S
Occupancy Category
Description
Profile A soil profile with either:(a) A rock-like material characterized by a s
hear-wave velocity greater than 760 m/s or by other suitable means of classifica
tion, or (b) Stiff or dense soil conditions where the soil depth is less than 60
m. A profile with dense or stiff soil conditions, where the soil depth exceeds
60 m or more. A soil profile 12 m or more in depth and containing more than 6m o
f soft to medium stiff clay but not more than 12m of soft clay. A soil profile c
ontaining more than 12m of soft clay. Irregularity Definition
Profile Type
1.0
S1
1.2
S2
1.5
S3
2.0 Reference section
S4
Table 5. Vertical Structural Irregularities
Type
Stiffness irregularity-soft story A soft story is one in which the lateral stiff
ness is less than 70 2-1-72-1-10 percent of that in the story (*) immediately ab
ove or less than 40 percent of the combined stiffness of the three stories above
. Weight ( mass ) 2-1-72-1-10 IrregularityMass irregularity (*) shall be conside
red to exist
A
B
where the effective mass of any story is more than 150 percent of the effective
mass of an adjacent story. A roof, which is lighter than the floor below, need n
ot be considered a mass irregularity. Vertical Geometric IrregularityVertical ge
ometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the horizontal 2-1-72-1-
82- dimension of the lateral force C 1-10 (*) resisting system in any story is m
ore than 130 percent of that in an abject story. One story penthouse need not be
considered. In- plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral Force Resisting Element
. An in-plane offset of 2-1-9-5 d D the lateral load resisting elements greater
than the length of those elements. Discontinuity in Capacity weak StoryA weak st
ory is one in which the story strength is less than 80 percent of that in 2-1-8
a E the story above. The story strength is the total strength of all seismic res
isting elements sharing the story shear for the direction under consideration. D
ynamic Lateral Load procedure shall be used (*) Table 6. Plan Structural Irregul
arities Reference section Irregularity Definition Torsional irregularity, to be
considered when diaphragms are not flexible Torsional irregularity shall be cons
idered to exist when the maximum story drift, computed including accidental tors
ion, at one end of the structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times th
e Type
2-1-9-5 d 2-3-1-1 c 2-3-1-2 g
A
average of the story drifts of the two ends of the structure. Reentrant cornersP
lan configurations of a structure and its lateral force resisting system contain
reentrant corners, where B both projections of the structure beyond a reentrant
corner are greater than fifteen percent of the plan dimension of the structure
in the given direction. Diaphragm Discontinuity Diaphragms with abrupt discontin
uities or Variations in stiffness, including those having C cutout or open areas
greater than fifty percent of the gross enclosed area of the diaphragms Out-of-
plane offsetsDiscontinuities in a 2-1-9-5 d lateral force path, such as outD of-
plane offsets of the vertical elements. Nonparallel systems The vertical lateral
load resisting elements are neither parallel to 2-3-1-1 c E nor symmetric about
the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force resisting system. Table 7. Struc
tural System, Rw and Height Limits
2,7
H meters
R5w
Lateral Load Resisting System Description
BSS1
N.L. 4N.L.
8 8 5 6 2
75
8
ResistingFrame 1- Special Moment Resisting Space Frames ( SMRSF ) steel Reinforc
ed Concrete A. 2- Concrete Intermediate Moment Moment Resisting Frames (IMRSF)6
3- Ordinary Moment Resisting Space Frames steel 6 Reinforced Concrete 3 FrameSys
tem B. Building
75 60 50
6 4 6
N.L 160 N.L. NL 50 50 35
8 5 8 8 6 4 3
1- Steel Eccentric Braced frame (EBF) 2- Shear walls Reinforced Concrete Reinfor
ced Masonry3-Steel Concentric Braced Frames 1- Shear walls concrete with SMRSF c
oncrete with IMRSF6 2- Steel EBF with steel SMRSF 3- Concrete Braced Frames stee
l with steel SMRSF steel with concrete SMRSF 1- Shear walls Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced Masonry
C. Dual System
D. Bearing wall System Inverted Pendulum Structures E. 3 Tanks, Vessels, Trussed
Undefined 3 Towers System : Notes . BSS = Basic Structural Systems ( ) applicab
le to Seismic Performance Category C H = Height Limit ( ) Performance Category C
and B Prohibited in seismic ( ) N.L = No limit ( ) b) for combination of Struct
ural System See section (2-3-2-2 ( ) category C Prohibited in Seismic performanc
e ( ) performance See section (2-3-2-3 b) for height limitations in seismic ( )
.Category B Items Table 8. Horizontal Force Factor Cp Applicable to Rigid Elemen
t of Structures and NonStructural Components 2.00 I. part or portion of structur
e 1. Walls, including the following a. Un0.75 braced (cantilevered) parapets b.
Other (1) 0.75 exterior walls above the ground floor c. 0.75 All interior bearin
g and nonbearing walls 0.75 and partitions d. Masonry or concrete 0.75 fences ov
er 6 feet high — 2. Penthouses (except where framed by 2.00 an extension of the
building frame) (2),(3),(4)(3),(5) 2.00 3. Connections for prefabricated 0.75 st
ructural elements other than walls, with 2.00 force applied at center of gravity
0.75 4. DiaphragmsII. Non-structural Note Cp
0.75 components 0.75 1. Exterior and interior ornamentation’s 0.75 and appendage
s 0.75 2. Chimneys, stacks, trussed towers, and 0.75 tanks on legs a) Supported
on or projecting as an un-braced cantilever above the roof more than one-half it
s total height b) All others, including those supported below the roof with un-b
raced projection above the roof less than onehalf its height, or braced or guyed
to the structural frame at or above its center of mass 3. Signs and billboards
4. Mechanical, plumbing, and electrical equipment and machinery and associated p
iping 5. Tanks and vessels ( plus contents) including support system and anchora
ge 6. Storage racks (includes contents) 7. Anchorage for permanent floorsupporte
d cabinets and book stacks more than 1.5 meter in height ( includes contents) 8.
Anchorage for suspended ceilings and light fixtures9. Access floor systems :Not
es to such items as Equipment and machinery shall include but not be limited ( )
units, cooling boilers, heat exchangers, chillers, pumps, motors, air-handling
equipment. It towers, transformers switch gear control panels, and life safety c
onduit, cable shall include sprinkler systems, other major piping, and ducting
.trays, etc. serving such equipment and machinery weight shall include all light
fixtures and other equipment or partitions, Ceiling ( ) are laterally, supporte
d by the ceiling. For purposes of determining the which . seismic force, a ceili
ng weight of not less than 0.2 kpa shall be used lateral Applies for seismic zon
es 2A and 2B ( ) plaster or gypsum board screw or nail Ceiling constructed of la
th and ( ) a ceiling in a single plane attached to suspended members that suppor
t provided the walls are not over extending from wall to wall need not be analyz
ed 15 m apart shall be the dead load of the access floor system Wp for access fl
oor system ( ) . load plus a 0.5-kpa-partition load allowance plus 25% of the fl
oor live
!Error
!Error
!Error
!Error
!Error