Ko University

SPRING

2016

CHEM 102 GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 3
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES:
FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION AND BOILING POINT ELEVATION
OBJECTIVES

Learn about colligative properties in solutions

Investigate the effect of solute on the freezing point of a solvent
Investigate the effect of solute on boiling point of a solvent
Calculate molecular weight of solute from the freezing point
depression and the boiling point elevation it causes

INTRODUCTION
Colligative properties are a subset of intrinsic properties of solutions,
which means they do not depend on the size of the sample. They depend
on the relative ratio of the solvent and the solute. Some of the colligative
properties you may learn during this semester are:

Freezing point depression

Vapor pressure depression

Boiling point elevation

Osmotic pressure

In this experiment we will investigate two of these colligative properties,

freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.
Boiling point elevation:
Boiling point is directly correlated to the vapor pressure of the solution.
Boiling occurs when the kinetic energy of the molecules at the surface is
enough to overcome the intermolecular forces and the atmospheric
pressure and escape from the solution, going into gas phase.
1

The change in boiling point is directly proportional to the molality of the

solution.

Freezing point depression:

The solute will interfere with the formation of the ice crystal lattice.

MATERIALS

Solution
bottles

Glass
stirring rod

Beaker

Wash bottle

Weighing
boat

Balance

Thermomete
r probe

LabQuest
Mini

Beaker tongs

Graduated
cylinder

Heater

Test tube

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

Data Collection:
1. Connect the LabQuest Mini to the computer.

2. Connect the temperature probe to LabQuest mini. Turn on the Logger Pro
software on the computer by double clicking on the icon.

3. You should immediately see the screen displaying a time and temperature
graph (See Figure 2)
4. On the top menu, select the Data Collection icon.
5. Select the mode to be time based, duration: 10 minutes, sampling rate: 6
samples/minute (See Figure 2 below).

6. When you are ready to record data, press the Collect button.
7. When you are done with collecting the data, hit Stop to end the data
collection.

8. Save your data:

File Export as CSV

Save your file on the desktop with the name of the solvent as the file
name.
Open the fle you saved and make sure that the excel columns contain the
same data as n the columns of the LoggerPro software.

9. Clean the temperature probe by gently wiping the probe with a dampened
paper towel.

A. Experimental procedure for boiling point determination

10.

Measure and place 50 ml of distilled water into a 150 ml beaker and

start heating on the heater.

11.
12.

Start recording the temperature of the solution.

Bring the water to a rolling boil and measure and record the boiling
point of the distilled water at ambient conditions (i.e. at room temperature,
under normal atmospheric pressure.)
13.
Discard the hot water carefully into the sink. CAREFUL: The water
and the vapor will be extremely HOT.
14.
Measure and place 50 ml of distilled water into a 150 ml beaker.
15.
Measure 10 g of NaCl in a plastic weighing boat and quantitatively
transfer into the water in the beaker. In order to do this you will need to
rinse the weighing boat with some of the distilled water in the beaker.
16.
Stir the contents until a homogeneous mixture forms.
17.
Start heating on the heater and start recording temperature vs.
time.
18.
Bring to a rolling boil and measure the boiling point of the solution.
19.
Discard the hot water carefully into the sink. CAREFUL: The water
and the vapor will be extremely HOT.

20.

Repeat steps 14-19 for sucrose.

B. Experimental procedure for freezing point determination

21.
Add 10 ml distilled water into a test tube.
22.
Place into a salty ice bath in a 250 ml beaker.
23.
Start recording the temperature.
24.
Record the temperature without disturbing until you see the
supercooling, and then mix the slurry to obtain homogeneous mixture.
Stop recording when the temperature reaches a plateau (about 10
minutes)
26.
Discard the frozen slurry.
27.
Weigh 5 grams of sucrose on a plastic weighing boat and
quantitatively transfer into a test tube. To do this, add the sucrose into the
test tube and then rinse the weighing boat with 10 ml of distilled water
into the test tube.
28.
Repeat steps 22-26.
29.
Prepare a 15% by volume ethylene glycol solution by mixing 1.5 ml
ethylene glycol in a total solution of 10 ml.
30.
Repeat steps 22-26.

25.

31.

Once you collect and save the data for all the solvents, e-mail the
data to yourself and your partners.
32.
Erase your data from the desktop.
33.
Clean up your hood, bench and the set-up materials.
Wipe the countertop of the hood with a dampened paper towel.
Place the cleaned temperature probe in its cover.
Place the LabQuest Mini and the cable inside the box.
34.
Return the borrowed equipment to your lab TA.

DATA:

Record the following data in your notebook

Boiling point elevation
Solution

Boiling point

Distilled water
Distilled water + 10 g NaCl
Distilled water + 10 g
sucrose

Freezing point depression

Solution

Freezing point

Distilled water
Distilled water + ethylene
glycol
Distilled water + 10 g
sucrose