Garbage Power Plant

As A Solution To Reduce The Effect of Global Warming

Created By :
Linda Lestari

(4201412053)

Dwi Nur Indahsari

(4201412069)

Ratih Triana P.

(4201412086)

Novita Tri W.

(4201412088)

Syarofina Adilla

(4201412098)

Annisa Rahma Fauzia

(4201412099)

Agus Priyono

(4201412119)

Rahmat Istiawan

(4201412121)

Physics Education
Semarang State University
2013

CHAPTER 1
Preface
Garbage is one of the biggest problem in everywhere in the world, include in our
region (Semarang-Wonogiri). In our region, the amount of garbage increases each day
without good handling. This condition makes landfill full. Not only makes area dirty, the
garbage gives big contribution to the greenhouse effects too. The garbage contributes the
amount of CO2 and CH4 that can damage ozone at atmosphere. We already know that if we
burn something, like garbage, it produce CO2 gas. And the scientific fact provides that
decomposed organic garbage produces methane gas (CH4). As you know, methane gas has
20-30x damage power than CO2, whereas garbage decomposed organic produces methane gas
with average composition each 1 ton garbage produces 50 kg methane gas. It refuses opinion
that garbage gives contribution to the greenhouse effect if the anorganic garbage burned only.
Because of that, we need method that can solve that problem. Nowadays, the garbage
handling in our region just only with usual effort likes doing the 3R(recycle, reuse, reduce),
composting, and making the biogas. Those programs cannot solve problem clearly. So, we
suggest to make the garbage power plant to solve it.

CHAPTER 2
Explanation
Garbage is what someone leaves behind that they do not want to use anymore. It can
also be called waste or rubbish. A definition of garbage is anything left behind at a place
where you used to be, but are not anymore. In modern homes and businesses, however,
garbage is normally separated and put where it can be collected and taken to a place designed
to hold (landfill), burn (incinerate), or recycle garbage. In every daily activity, we always
produce garbage. It includes different garbage like vegetable peels, chemical substances,
polythenes, paper, metals, etc. According to Ari Nilandari (2006: 58), based on origin, solid
garbage can be classified as:
1) Organic Garbage, and
2) Anorganic Garbage.
Anorganic garbage comes from non-renewable natural resources such as minerals and
petroleum, or garbage from industrial processes. Some of this kind of garbage is not found in
nature such as plastic and aluminum. Most anorganic garbage as a whole can not be
decomposed by nature, while others can only be decomposed in a very long time.
Whereas organic garbage comes from plants and animals taken from the wild or
produced from agricultural activities, fisheries or the other. This garbage can easily be
decomposed in a natural process. Including in organic garbage, such as garbage from the
kitchen, the remaining flour, vegetables, fruit skins, and leaves.The buried organic garbage
decomposes an-aerobically, and this process produces CH4 (methane). The methane has
destructive power up to 20-30 times greater than CO 2. Per one ton of solid garbage produces
50 kg of methane gas. The methane gas in the atmosphere within a period of about 7-10 years
can increase the temperature of about 1.3 degrees Celsius per year.
To handle the an-organic garbage, we can do 3R (reuse, reduce, and recycle). But
the handling of the organic garbage has not been effective and efficient enough. Until this
time, act which we have done is only making compost and biogas. The result of those

programs hasnt solved the problem totally. So, it needs more effective and efficient handling.
From our group we have one great idea to manufacture this organic garbage. That idea is
garbage power plant. It means that we use garbage to produce electric for community. The
working principle of garbage power plant (in Indonesia PLTSa) almost likes PLTU, the
difference is only in the fuel source.
Garbage Power Plant

The Process

The process of changing garbage into energy (garbage to energy), can be explained as follows
:
1. The selection of garbage (whether it is organic or an-organic garbage).
a. Garbage from city which is amount + 500-700 tons will be collected in a place which
name TPA or Final Preparation Place.
b. The selection of garbage is done appropriate with criteria that needed PLTSa.
c. After that, garbage was saved in bunker which use RDF (Refused Derived Fuel)
technology. It use to change waste garbage from city into solid waste so has high heat
value.
d. Saving is do during 5 days until the content of water only 54% and then is burning.
2. Burning Garbage
a. At the beginning, PLTSa banker uses fossil fuel to ease the burning process of
garbage.
b. After the temperature reaches 850oC - 900 oC, garbage will be entered into incinerator
which works 7800 hours.
c. The burning result will produce emitted gases which contain CO, CO 2, O2, NOx, and
SOx.
d. But, in that process also happened an incident which causes the amount of O 2
decrease. The decrease of O2 will affect the efficiency of the process.
e. Water Boiling
f. The process of burning garbage emits heat which will be used to boil water. And then,
the boiling water produces high pressure water vapour.
3. The movement of turbine
a. High pressure water vapour will wind turbine, because the turbine is connected to the
generator, so automatically when the turbine rotates, the generator will do same. And
the rotating generator will produce electric which can be distributed to the PLN. From
that process, 2000 tons garbage every can be changed 183 MW electric.

The advantages of the Garbage Power Plant:

1. It just needs an area which is least than the area for sanitary.

2.
3.
4.
5.

It can be built near the industrial location.

The residue which is produced is stable, and almost has organic properties.
Ashes from the burning process can be used to make brick.
It is safer than nuclear power plant or fossil fuel power plant

The disadvantage of PLTSa :

1. It produces dioxine. Dioxine is dangerous organic substance which is produced from
chemical synthesis which comes from the burning process of organic material and halogen
unsure at high temperature.

Steps to decreasing the disadvantage :

1. The residue gas will be flowed to sequencing chamber. In here, the residue gas will be
syringed to decrease the temperature quickly to avoid the dioxine is formed again.
2. Then, the gas which is flowed to the reactor will be added CaO as much as 12 kg/ton
garbage. The purpose is to eliminate acid gasses, Sox, HCl, and ash.
3. When the gas flows out from reactor, it will be syringed with active carbon as much as 1
kg/ton garbage. The purpose is to absorb mercury vapour, dioxine, and CO.
4. Then, the gas will be flowed to the bag filler. The purpose is to filter PM10 and PM 2.5.
5. And the last, the residue gas will be released to the environment through chimney which
has height 70 m.

CHAPTER 3
Conclusion

The disposal of garbage is one of the biggest problems everywhere, include

Semarang. In some places, garbage isnt handled properly. As we know, garbage emits
methane or CH4 which is more destructive than CO2. So, when there is so much garbage, it
will add greenhouse effects and cause global warming. Garbage itself is divided into 2 kinds,
organic and an-organic. An-organic garbage can be handled with the principe of 3R. But,
organic garbage hasnt been handled effectively. Through some processes that organic
garbage can be changed into electrical energy. The process almost like vapour power plant,
the difference is only in the fuel. The garbage power plant (PLTSa) has disadvantage and
advantages. Yet the advantages given is much more than the disadvantages.

CHAPTER 4
Enclosure

(Final Garbage Disposal)

(The Manufacture)

(The Process)