EE6002 POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS

PART-A (2 marks)
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY
1. What are the various sources of transients?
2. What are the different types of power system transients?
3. State the importance of transient study in planning.
4. List out the various effects of transients in power system.
5. Listout the various types of transients in power system.
6. What are the effects of lightning transients?
7. Define Transient
8. What is meant by ferroresonance?
9. What is meant by lightning?
10. What are the various types of lightning?
PART-B (16 marks)
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Explain in detail, the various types of power system transients.

Explain in detail, the source of transients.
Explain in detail, the voltage surge.
Explain in detail, the effects of transients on power system.
Explain in detail, the importance of study of transients in planning.
Explain in detail, the sources and effects of transients on power system.
Explain in detail, the significance of transient studies in power system planning.
Explain in detail, the various sources and types of electrical transients in power system.
Explain in detail, thedouble frequency transients with necessary waveforms.
Explain in detail, the resistance and capacitive switching.

UNIT II

SWITCHING TRANSIENTS
1. What are the various causes of switching surges?
2. What is meant by resistance switching?
3. What is meant by capacitance switching?
4. Define Current Chopping
5. What are the observations in RLC circuit?
6. Draw the equivalent circuit for interrupting the resistor current.
7. What is meant by load switching?
8. Define Normal Switching Transients and Abnormal Switching Transients
9. What are the various effects of source regulation?
10. What is meant by restriking voltage?
11. Draw the double frequency transient circuit.
12. Write the relation between time constant of parallel and series circuit.
13. What is the need for resistance switching?
14. What is meant by Ferro resonance condition?
15. What is meant by abnormal switching transients?
16. What is meant by arcing ground?
PART B (16 Marks)
1. Explain the following with appropriate waveforms:
(i) Current suppression
(ii) Current chopping
(iii) Capacitance switching with one and multiple restrikes
(iv) Ferro resonance
2. Explain the following:
(i)
Resistance switching and
(ii)
Load switching with their equivalent circuits
3. Explain in detail, the load switching in both normal and abnormal conditions.
4. What is capacitance switching? Explain the effects of source regulations and capacitance
switching with a restrike.
5. Explain in detail, the load switching with equivalent circuit.
6. Explain in detail, the ferroresonance effect.
7. Explain in detail, the capacitance switching with one and multiple restrikes.
8. Explain in detail, the switching in both normal and abnormal conditions.
9. Explain in detail, the Current chopping phenomenon in ac system.
10. Explain in detail, the effects of switching surges on the capacitive circuits.

UNIT III

LIGHTNING TRANSIENTS
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List out the characteristics features of lightning strokes.

What is meant by tower footing resistance?
What is meant by arcing ground?
What are the various causes of over voltage?
Define Lightning Phenomenon
Define Basic Impulse Level
What are the various types of protection afforded by ground wires?
Define Dart Leader
Write short noteson stepped leader and pilot streamer.
Differentiate lightning over voltagesfrom switching over voltages.
Define Overvoltage Factor
State Masons theory of lightning.
What are the various characteristics of lightning strokes?
What are the causes of over voltages in power systems?
What is meant by over voltage protection?
What are the different types of strokes?
What is meant by direct lightning strokes?
What is the necessity of insulation co-ordination?
What are the basic steps involved in insulation co-ordination?
What is meant by back flashover?
PART B (16 Marks)

1. Explain in detail, the mechanism of lightning strokes and over voltages on transmission lines.
2. Explain in detail, the different theories of charge formation of thunder clouds.
3. Explain in detail,the charge formation in the clouds.
4. Explain in detail, the interaction of lightning with power system.
5. Explain in detail, the various factors contributing to good line design.
6. Explain in detail, the counter-poise method of protection.
7. Explain in detail, the mathematical models for lightning discharges.
8. Explain in detail, the different characteristics of the lightning strokes.
9. Explain in detail, the mathematical model for lightning discharges.
10. Explain in detail, the principles and functioning of expulsion gaps and protector tubes.
11. Explain in detail, the various techniques of protection of power system against lightning.
12. Explain in detail, the mathematical model of lightning.

UNIT IV

TRAVELLING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINE COMPUTION OF TRANSIENTS

1. What are the specifications of a traveling wave?
2. Write the expression for series and shunt lumped parameters in distributed lines.
3. Define Standing Waves and Natural Frequencies
4. What is meant by reflection and refraction of traveling waves?
5. What is meant by travelling waves?
6. What are the damages caused by the travelling waves?
7. What is meant by surge impedance of a line and why is it also called the natural impedance?
8. What is the application Bewleys lattice diagram?
9. What are the specifications of a travelling waves?
10. Define Tail and Polarity of a wave
11. Why step waves are considered to be dangerous to the apparatus?
12. What is the effect of shunt capacitance at the terminal of a transmission lines?
13. What is meant by attenuation?
14. What are called standing waves?
15. Define Standing Wave Ratio

PART B (16 Marks)

1. Explain in detail, the transient response of systems with series and shunt lumped parameters
and distributed lines.
2. Explain in detail, the Bewleys lattice diagram.
3. Derive the reflection and refraction coefficients of a traveling wave.
4. Explain in detail, the standing waves and natural frequency.
5. Explain in detail, the various type of traveling wave concept in step response.
6. Derive the expressions for the voltage and current waves on long transmission line.
7. Explain in detail, the behavior of travelling waves at open circuited lines.
8. Explain in detail, the behavior of travelling waves at reactive termination.
9. Explain the phenomenon of current interruption in a lumped capacitive circuit and a distributed
constant transmission lines?

UNIT V

TRANSIENTS IN INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM

1. What is meant by load rejection?
2. How does a surge occur during switching?
3. What is meant by kilo metric fault?
4. What is meant by distribution of voltage in a power system?
5. What is meant by line dropping?
6. Write short notes on the over voltage induced by faults.
7. What are the switching surges on integrated system?
8. Write short notes on EMTP for transient computation.
9. What are the causes of over voltage?
10. What is meant by switching surges?
11. Define Reflection Coefficient
12. Define Transmission Coefficient
13. What is meant by EMTP?
14. What are the effects of load rejection in power systems?
15. What are the effects of transients when a switch a switch is closed?
PART B (16 Marks)
1. Explain in detail, the short line kilometric fault.
2. Explain in detail, the line dropping and load rejection.
3. Explain in detail, the switching surges on integrated system.
4. Explain in detail, the EMTP for transient computation.
5. Explain in detail, the over voltage induced by faults.
6. Explain in detail, the occurrence and effects of kilometric fault in a power system.
7. Explain in detail, the network modeling for EMTP calculation.
8. Explain in detail, the modeling of lumped parameters R, L & C for EMTP calculation.
9. Derive the expression for response and recovery voltage of a shorted line.
10. Explain in detail, the causes of transient on closing and reclosing of transmission line.