Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF
SCIENCE
(HONS)
QUANTITY
SURVEYING
QUS
2207
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
2
GROUP
ASSIGNMENT
GROUP MEMBERS:
NG SOO KEEN
I12001951
I12001417
LEE FANG
I12000853
I12001237
1S3
SESSION:
JANUART 2015
I12000904
TABLE
OF
CONTENT
1
INTRODUCTION
OF
GREEN
BUILDING
...............................................................
5
2
BACKGROUND
OF
GREEN
BUILDING
.................................................................
6
3
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
(TAN
HOW
YEONG
I12001417)
.........................................
8
3.1
DEFINITION
...........................................................................................................
8
3.2
KEY
AREA
IDENTIFY
...............................................................................................
8
3.2.1
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
LIGHTING
..............................................................................
8
3.2.2
NATURAL
LIGHTING
.............................................................................................
10
3.2.3
MOTION
DETECTOR
LIGHTING
............................................................................
11
3.2.4
SOLAR
PANAL
......................................................................................................
12
3.3
ANALYSIA
AND
EVALUATION
..............................................................................
13
3.3.1
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
LIGHTING
............................................................................
13
3.3.2
NATURAL
LIGHTING
.............................................................................................
17
3.3.3
MOTION
DETECTOR
LIGHTING
............................................................................
19
3.3.4
SOLAR
PANEL
.......................................................................................................
20
3.4
FINDING
.............................................................................................................
21
3.4.1
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
LIGHTING:
...........................................................................
21
3.4.2
NATURAL
LIGHTING
.............................................................................................
23
3.4.3
MOTION
DETECTOR
.............................................................................................
24
3.4.4
SOLAR
PANEL
.......................................................................................................
24
3.5
RECOMMENDATION
...........................................................................................
24
4
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY
(NG
SOO
KEEN
I12001951)
....................
25
4.1
DEFINITION
.........................................................................................................
25
4.2
KEY
AREAS
IDENTIFIED
........................................................................................
25
4.2.1
ACOUSTICS
(WALLS,
CEILINGS
AND
FLOORINGS)
................................................
25
4.2.2
VISUAL
COMFORT
................................................................................................
25
4.2.3
INDOOR
AIR
QUALITY
..........................................................................................
26
4.2.4
THERMAL
COMFORT
...........................................................................................
26
4.3
ANALYSIS
AND
EVALUATION
...............................................................................
27
4.3.1
ACOUSTICS
(CEILING,
WALL
AND
FLOORING)
.....................................................
27
4.3.2
VISUAL
COMFORT
................................................................................................
30
4.3.3
INDOOR
AIR
QUALITY
..........................................................................................
31
4.3.4
THERMAL
COMFORT
...........................................................................................
34
4.4
FINDINGS
............................................................................................................
35
4.5
RECOMMENDATION
...........................................................................................
37
5
SUSTAINABLE
SITE
AND
MANAGEMENT
(LEE
FANG
I12000853)
......................
38
2
Figure
1:
Bangunan
Suruhanhaya
Tenaga.(Source:
GBI.org,
2015)
5
Figure
2
:
Project
(McDonalds
Nilai
Negeri
Sembilan)
The
location
of
the
project
we
selected
is
McDonalds
Nilai
as
shown
in
the
map
below
Figure
3:
Google
map
showing
the
location
of
McDonalds.(Google
Maps.
2015)
Why
did
we
choose
McDonalds
and
this
location?
The
location
above
here
is
close
to
INTI
International
University
Nilai.
It
is
convenient
for
us
to
do
our
research
there.
Since
were
all
college
students,
surely
wed
eat
a
lot
of
fast
food
like
McDonalds.
We
had
eaten
there
before
and
6
3 ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Energy
efficiency
is
one
of
important
in
green
building,
in
this
section
focus
will
be
define
of
energy
efficiency
and
Key
area
identified
in
Energy
efficiency.
3.1 DEFINITION
Energy
efficiency
is
to
control
energy
usage
and
cost.
Control
energy
not
means
that
do
not
use
energy.
Energy
efficiency
core
idea
is
using
less
energy
to
provide
same
service.(Lawrence
Berkeley
National
Laboratory,
2015)
For
example
for
an
area
have
ten
traditional
incandescent
bulbs,
switch
off
9
traditional
incandescent
bulbs
for
save
energy,
use
the
energy
saving
light
bulb
to
replace
the
traditional
incandescent
bulbs,
and
provide
same
service
like
ten
traditional
incandescent
bulbs.
Energy
efficiency
is
not
means
that
reducing
the
light
to
save
energy
or
without
light
to
save
energy,
energy
efficiency
is
meaning
use
the
energy
saving
item
to
provide
same
service.
Energy
efficiency
can
achieve
in
few
ways.
First
is
increase
natural
lighting
input
by
change
the
design
and
facade
of
the
building.
Second
is
the
building
material
used.
For
example,
insulating
paper
allows
a
building
reduce
air-conditioning
usage.(Wikipedia,
2013)
There
are
few
benefits
of
energy
efficiency
that
are
save
costs
and
reduce
pollution.
Reducing
energy
use
it
will
show
result
in
energy
cost
saving
to
the
consumer.
Reducing
energy
use
also
is
a
solution
to
reduce
carbon
dioxide
emissions.
(Wikipedia,
2013)
but
the
lifetime
is
short.
There
are
several
types
of
energy
efficient
lighting
to
provide
strongly
light
to
bright
the
building
and
produce
low
heat
from
the
lighting.(Michigan,
2014)
Figure
4:
Philips
CFL
(source:
Philips
Malaysia,
2012)
Figure
x
is
the
example
of
compact
fluorescent
lamps.
Compact
Fluorescent
Lamps
are
using
advanced
technology
than
traditional
incandescent
light
bulbs;
there
is
available
size
of
the
light
bulbs
based
on
brand
and
purpose.
It
can
use
on
any
place
such
as
bathroom,
living
room,
bedroom
and
so
on.
It
provide
same
service
as
traditional
incandescent
bulbs
but
the
lifetime
of
CFL
is
longer
than
traditional
incandescent.
Figure
5:
LED
bulb
(source:LEDbenchmark.com,
2012)
9
Led
lamp
is
assembled
light-emitting
diode
(LED)
product
into
a
lamp
or
light
bulbs
for
use
in
the
lighting
fixture.
There
are
few
different
characteristics
for
LED
lighting
and
incandescent
and
fluorescent
lighting.
LED
lighting
can
be
more
durable,
efficiency,
versatile
and
longer
lasting.
LED
lighting
is
use
the
lighting
diode
to
produce
the
light,
but
the
lighting
diode
is
more
efficiency
material
to
produce
light.
(Energystar.gov,
2011)
figure
6:
Natural
lighting
design.
(archdaily.com,
2012)
Figure
7:
Transparent
glazing
roof
(Source:
Living
in
Monrovia,
2014)
10
Transparent
roof
and
large
windows
both
are
great
way
to
get
the
natural
lighting.
It
can
achieve
from
the
design
of
the
building
or
using
reflective
surface
during
the
natural
light
to
provide
internal
lighting.
Windows
is
the
most
common
way
to
admit
daylight
into
building.
Different
types
and
grade
of
windows
will
affect
amount
of
light
transmission.
Figure
8:
Diagram
of
a
light
tube
(Source:
Wikipedia,
2012)
11
Figure
9:
Motion
Detector
with
Light
on
outside
building.
(Source:
lowes.com,
2013)
12
Figure
10:
Solar
Energy
Home
(Sourche:
Fred
Eilers,
2014)
The
reason
of
population
of
solar
panel
is
because
solar
energy
is
totally
free,
it
can
convert
solar
energy
into
hot
water
or
electricity.
Even
it
is
free
of
charge
of
the
power
source,
but
the
solar
collectors,
panels
and
cells
it
is
costly.
The
cost
depending
the
size
of
the
panel
or
cells,
if
the
panels
and
cells
are
bigger
the
price
will
get
higher.
When
the
solar
panel
during
the
daytime,
it
is
used
to
charge
the
batteries
so
it
can
be
use
in
the
night.
The
batteries
are
requiring
a
storage
space
and
also
need
replacing
time
to
time.
(Techonologystudent,
2012)
13
Figure
11:
CFL
light
in
McDonald
CFL
compare
to
the
standard
traditional
incandescent
light
bulbs
there
is
save
about
2/3
energy
in
electric
use.
Provide
same
service
as
traditional
incandescent
bulbs
but
lifetime
is
the
traditional
incandescent
bulbs
6
to
10
times
longer.
If
talking
about
the
light
bulbs
it
cannot
leave
with
two
things.
First
is
Watts,
second
is
typical
lumens.
Number
of
watt
is
the
energy
used
of
bulbs,
number
bigger
the
energy
used
is
bigger.
Typical
Lumens
is
the
light
output,
in
other
words
is
amount
of
light.
Figure
12:
Light
output
equivalency
(source:
whitson
gordan,
2012)
14
From
Figure
12
shows
that
the
nowadays
the
light
bulbs
that
have
a
common
energy
star
qualified
compare
with
traditional
incandescent
light
bulbs,
traditional
incandescent
light
bulb
energy
usage
is
the
4
times
of
energy
star
qualified
light
bulbs.
3.3.1.1.a
Advantages
of
CFL
The
advantage
of
CFL
is
energy
saving.
It
can
use
low
electricity
used
to
provide
high
lumens
for
a
building.
The
lifetime
is
last
from
8-10
time
of
incandescent
bulbs
and
it
does
not
require
special
lighting
fixture
to
install.
CFL
are
available
in
three
lighting
color,
which
are
warm
white
(white
balance
2700k
3000k),
cool
white
(white
balance
3500k
4100k)
and
daylight
white
balance
5000k
6500k).
It
is
also
available
for
few
shape
and
pattern.
(Energy
star
program,
2013)
Figure
13:
type
of
CFL
(Source:
123rf.com,
2013)
3.3.1.1.b
Disadvantages
of
CFL
The
disadvantage
of
it
is
even
it
have
8,000hour
lifetime,
but
there
still
is
not
durable
because
the
glass
can
break
easily.
CFL
also
take
time
warm
up
to
achieve
maximum
output.
While
CFL
turn
on
or
off
too
frequently
it
will
reduce
the
lifetime
substantially.
If
the
CFL
use
at
the
exterior
it
is
need
to
be
covered
to
protect
the
elements.
It
will
affect
by
low
temperature.
It
does
not
suitable
use
in
spotlights
and
something
that
need
to
use
the
light
in
one
way.
Because
the
CFL
is
ambient
light,
the
light
cannot
focus
on
one
point.
Mercury
is
a
toxic
metal,
it
does
not
have
dangerous
when
the
bulb
is
used
but
if
the
bulb
is
broken.
(A.Abbas,
2013)
15
Figure
14:
LED
light
bulb
(ledke,
2009)
3.3.1.2.a
Advantages
of
LED
LED
light
becomes
popular
is
because
it
have
a
small
size,
that
convenient
to
fix
in
any
shape
lighting
fixture.
LED
lighting
designs
are
similar
to
the
light
bulb
and
some
may
not,
but
the
performances
are
definitely
better
then
traditional
light
bulbs.
(Energystar.gov,
2011)
LED
lighting
can
provide
average
50,000hours
lifetime,
low-
voltage
to
light
up
the
led
lighting,
it
is
means
that
high
luminous
efficiency
and
use
less
power
consumption.
LED
light
are
different
with
other
lighting
when
they
spoil,
LED
light
when
it
is
spoil
it
will
not
directly
stop
working
or
burn
out,
it
will
become
less
bright.
It
will
not
produce
any
toxic
chemicals
and
UV
rays
it
is
also
reduce
carbon
dioxide
to
save
the
environment.
Compare
to
CFL
light,
LED
light
being
solid
component,
it
is
difficult
damage
with
external
shock.
(T.Daniel,
2012)
LED
lighting
are
directional
light
sources
product,
which
means
that
the
light
only
in
a
specific
direction,
unlike
the
incandescent
and
fluorescent
bulbs
are
light
and
heat
all
directions.
It
is
because
this
reason,
LED
lighting
is
able
to
use
more
efficiency
in
many
applications.
Such
as
spotlight,
torchlight
and
now
also
use
in
cars
headlight.
16
Figure
15
:
large
transparent
roof.
(source:
MaterialRoof,
2013)
Achieve
natural
light
from
building
design
most
effective
way
is
use
transparent
roof,
natural
light
can
directly
through
the
roof
surface
area
into
the
building.
But
some
of
people
think
that
transparent
roof
would
not
have
a
good
aesthetic
for
a
building.
So
the
design
can
be
using
large
windows,
double
pane
windows
to
achieve
energy
efficiency
with
trees
besides
the
building
can
provide
shade
to
prevent
the
sun
will
direct
from
warming
the
house.
Roof
is
a
way
to
achieve
natural
light
efficiency
17
method,
it
can
direct
delivering
light
into
building.
It
can
save
the
cost
of
electricity
bills
and
provide
more
natural
feel
for
the
building.
3.3.2.1.a
Advantages
of
Transparent
roof
and
large
window
The
advantage
of
using
transparent
roof
and
large
window
obviously
it
can
easily
to
bring
light
into
the
building.
No
need
worry
about
heat
gain
in
the
building
if
using
double-glazing
with
low-emissivity
glass.
3.3.2.1.b
Disadvantages
of
Transparent
roof
and
large
window
For
the
transparent
root
it
is
need
to
ensure
that
there
has
nothing
block
space
between
the
roof
and
floor.
Some
of
the
building
there
is
wiring
and
piping
system
is
hide
in
the
ceiling,
so
the
electronic
electrical
installation
and
piping
system
needs
to
arrange
into
another
limited
area.
(J.Howell,
2009)
Sunlight
is
always
available
during
daytime,
but
it
is
hard
to
control
glare
from
sun.
If
there
is
no
shade
of
tree
to
cover
or
protected
the
building,
the
building
will
get
heat
gain
just
like
an
oven.
Unless
the
building
has
special
design
for
allowing
sunlight
admit
into
building
for
a
period
time
only.
Sometime
the
sun
is
usually
block
by
clouds.
Weather
is
the
main
reason
affected
lighting
admits
into
building.
(facilitiesnet
staff,
2009)
18
Figure
16:
sun
tube
light
(source:
LowEnergyHouse.com,
2015)
Figure
16
is
show
how
the
light
tube
work,
natural
light
through
the
transparent
plastic
cover
of
light
tube
head,
the
light
reflect
with
the
mirror
finishing
internal
of
tube
to
the
internal
room.
3.3.2.2.a
Advantage
of
light
tube
Using
light
tube
it
can
reduce
artificial
light
using
and
reduce
the
electric
cost
during
the
daytime.
Light
tube
does
not
require
structural
framing,
tunneling
or
painting,
it
can
increase
the
installation
time
and
easy
installing
method.
3.3.2.2.b
Disadvantage
of
light
tube
Even
it
can
use
a
free
lighting
from
sun
during
daytime,
if
the
sun
is
cover
by
cloud,
during
raining
and
night
the
light
tube
is
not
work
during
these
reason.
Figure
17:
McDonald
basin
area
and
toilet.
As
Figure
17
shows
there
is
no
one
are
using
basin
area
and
toilet,
but
the
artificial
light
are
turn
on.
Using
motion
detector
light
can
reduce
the
electricity
used.
3.3.3.a
Advantages
of
Motion
Detector
Lighting
It
is
convenience
for
the
user
if
at
the
darkness
environment,
detector
will
detect
object
are
moving
it
will
swift
on
the
light.
3.3.3.b
Disadvantages
of
Motion
Detector
Lighting
Motion
detector
is
easily
to
detect
moving
objective
it
can
happen
the
people
are
just
pass
through
the
area
only,
it
will
increase
the
lighting
use.
Figure
18:
Solar
Panel
install
in
the
rooftop.
(source:
solar
power
authority,
2011)
3.3.4.a
Advantages
of
Solar
Panel
Solar
panel
can
save
the
electricity
into
battery
when
there
have
too
much
electricity.
Furthermore,
it
can
earn
money
when
sell
back
to
the
TNB.
3.3.4.b
Disadvantages
of
Solar
Panel
There
is
a
primary
disadvantage
of
solar
power
is
there
is
not
available
during
night,
rains
and
other
conditions
will
prevent
suns
power
to
reach
the
solar
panel.
If
battery
capacity
require
large
amount,
the
battery
are
require
large
space
for
the
heavy
batteries.
Batteries
also
need
to
replaced
from
time
to
time.(Process
industry,
2012)
3.4 FINDING
Compare
few
components
to
find
out
suitable
for
the
McDonald
use.
Energy Efficiency
LED lighting
7. Failure modes
CFL
lighting
8,000
hours
13
15
watts
Yes
Mercury
is
very
toxic
to
your
health
and
environment
Yes
can
reduce
lifespan
Table
1:
Energy
Efficiency
compares
LED
and
CFL
(source:
designrecycle.com,
2012)
Light
output
LED lighting
CFL lighting
Lumens
450
800
1,100
1,600
2,600
watt
4-5
6-8
9-13
16-20
25-28
watt
9-13
13-15
18-25
23-30
30-55
Table
2:
Light
output
compare
LED
and
CFL
(source:
designrecycle.com,
2012)
Compare
this
two
lighting
with
the
table1
and
table2,
it
can
realize
that
the
LED
lighting
is
more
durable
and
efficient
than
the
CFL
lighting.
Especially
for
McDonald
this
type
of
business
are
24
hour
operate.
Even
initial
cost
of
LED
lighting
is
expensive
but
for
a
long-term
compare
it
can
reduce
the
environment
pollution,
reduce
the
repair
times
for
lighting
cost
and
also
reduce
the
cost
of
electricity
bill.
22
Figure
19:
Transparent
roofing
(Source:
Weiko.com,
2014)
Get
the
natural
lighting
with
using
large
transparent
roof,
as
Figure
19
show,
then
installation
of
electronic
electrical
wiring
and
piping
system
need
to
arrange
in
a
limit
area.
But
it
is
most
efficiency
and
directly
admits
the
natural
light
into
building.
Light
tubes
also
can
efficiency
to
admit
the
natural
light
into
buildings.
But
light
tube
can
provide
more
area
space
for
installation
of
electronic
wiring
and
piping
system
compare
with
transparent
roof
and
large
windows.
Figure
20:
artificial
light
in
McDonald
As
Figure
20
shows
above,
if
using
light
tube
during
the
daytime,
there
can
save
a
lot
cost
for
electricity
cost
of
artificial
lighting.
23
Figure
21:
McDonald
in
USA.
(Source:
solarchoice.net,
2014)
3.5 RECOMMENDATION
For
recommendation
of
all
items,
which
are
LED
lighting
system,
natural
lighting,
motion
detector
and
solar
panel.
Every
item
has
a
same
achievement
to
achieve,
which
are
reducing
electricity
used,
reduce
electricity
bill
and
produce
less
environment
pollution.
Malaysia
government
should
encourage
Malaysian
to
use
those
green
item,
some
of
them
may
think
why
should
use
a
lot
of
initial
cost
to
build
up
the
building.
So
government
should
provide
some
subsidy
such
as
tax
free
item,
electric
use
below
RM400
can
get
a
discount
and
so
on.
Government
also
should
popularize
green
building
benefit
for
long
term.
24
Figure
22:
Ventilator
to
remove
greasy
air.
ANALYSIS
Plasterboard
ceiling
with
double
layer
gypsum
absorbs
less
vocal
screeching
and
also
reflects
them
back
to
the
customers.
Figure
23:
Suspended
ceilings
in
McDonalds.
27
ANALYSIS
Semi-glass
wall
protects
the
inside
of
McDonalds
from
external
disturbance/noise.
Aesthetically
appealing
as
well
Even
though
McDonalds
is
well
developed,
there
are
always
minor
problems
faced
by
every
restaurant.
Semi-glass
wall
like
this
will
somehow
direct
the
sunlight
from
outside
to
the
customer,
which
is
a
no
no
situation.
Since
Malaysia
is
a
humid
and
hot
country
customers
cannot
take
the
heat
from
direct
sun
light.
Figure
25:
Direct
sunlight
focused
inwards
of
the
restaurant
28
Such
glare
will
cause
irritation
to
the
eye
and
skin,
which
is
not
really
convenient
to
the
customers
of
McDonalds.
ANALYSIS
Tiled
floors
cause
the
sound
to
reverberate
because
of
the
enclosed
particles
of
the
tiles.
Regular
floor
tiling.
(needs
to
be
replaced
with
acoustic
floor)
The
tiled
floor
is
hard
and
solid
below
it
with
no
absorption
sheet
to
take
in
the
sound
directed
to
the
floor.
29
Figure
27:
Lightings
in
McDonalds.
From
the
image
above
we
know
that
the
lightings
are
aesthetically
bright
and
clear.
Next
portion
of
visual
appearance
would
be
the
wall
paintings.
We
all
know
dark
colour
signifies
dull
feeling,
which
reduces
the
comfort
of
people
in
the
building.
McDonalds
then
use
white
with
their
own
patterns
wallpaper.
Figure
28:
Showing
the
special
wallpaper
that
improves
visual
quality.
30
Figure
29:
Plants
indoor
Indoor
plants
improve
on
the
air
quality
in
the
building,
also
gives
a
very
fresh
feeling
to
people
who
enter
the
building.
This
type
of
plantation
can
easily
be
managed,
because
it
only
requires
watering
off
and
on.
31
This
is
the
type
of
natural
ventilation
that
exchanges
air
directly
from
plants
to
human
being.
As
mentioned
earlier
on,
plants
release
oxygen
which
gives
a
fresher
feeling
while
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
discharged
by
people.
Figure
30:
Showing
air
conditioner
replacing
air.
Air
conditioning
is
essential
because
excessing
amount
of
CO2
will
be
rated
as
unhealthy
or
hazardous
and
will
then
lead
to
Sick
Building
Syndrome
such
as
lethargy,
headache,
restlessness,
throat,
eye,
and
skin
irritation
etc.
McDonalds
building
is
a
restricted
area
for
smokers.
Smokers
are
not
allowed
in
the
premises
and
signs
are
show
beside
the
entrance.
Tobacco
is
strictly
prohibited
to
prevent
the
smell
and
poisonous
tobacco
from
affecting
the
mood
and
health
of
the
respecting
people
who
enters
McDonalds
Air
conditioner
is
another
way
of
exchanging
air
in
the
building
but
also
costly
at
the
same
time
because
McDonalds
have
to
pay
a
monthly
rate
depending
on
the
usage
of
air
conditioner.
The
air
conditioner
does
not
only
ventilate
the
building
but
also
controls
the
humidity
of
the
building
considering
how
humid
Malaysia
is.
Reducing
humidity
causes
the
room
to
be
dry
but
also
reduces
the
rate
of
sweating.
People
in
Malaysia
would
seek
for
any
caf
or
restaurant
with
air
conditioner.
32
Figure
31:
Ventilator
to
remove
greasy
air.
This
ventilator
is
used
in
McDonalds
at
the
frying
section
of
the
French
fries.
The
ventilator
removes
heat
and
also
greasy
smoke
from
the
fryer.
Every
restaurant
needs
a
ventilator
similar
to
the
vent
as
shown
in
the
figure
above.
Besides
this,
one
of
the
most
toxic
contaminants
is
the
Carbon
Monoxide
caused
by
fumes
from
the
exposed
heating
furnace.
The
ventilator
also
helps
discharge
carbon
monoxide
outside
of
the
premises.
Since
the
air
level
is
controlled
(humid
level)
there
will
not
be
any
presence
of
mould
in
the
premises.
Mould
would
only
be
form
when
the
temperature
is
at
medium
with
high
humidity
level.
Increase
of
water
vapour
develops
an
ability
of
the
mould
to
form
and
multiply.
33
Using the air conditioner the humidity of the building can be reduced to minimal.
34
4.4 FINDINGS
I
have
noticed
that
the
plasterboard
ceiling
used
in
McDonalds
is
cheap
and
recycled
plasterboards.
I
suggest
using
Acoustic
Ceiling
boards
because
it
gives
comfort
to
visitors
hearing
and
also
provide
good
ventilation.
Figure
33:
Suspended
acoustic
ceiling
(affordable
and
environmentally
good).
(Pream
Fono.
2015)
Apart
from
ceilings,
Ive
also
noticed
that
the
glass
wall
should
be
tinted
in
order
to
reduce
glare
from
sunlight.
It
is
not
costly
and
also
increases
the
comfort
rate
for
the
people
that
enters
McDonalds.
Figure
34:
Tinted
glass
wall.
(Gualos.
2015)
35
The
flooring
should
include
3
acoustic
flooring
panels.
With
sound
resilient
polymer
barrier
sheets
above
and
below
the
surface
using
viscoelastic
isolation
foam
sandwiched
in
between.
Figure
35:
Acoustic
flooring
panels(Sound
Sorba.
2015)
36
4.5 RECOMMENDATION
It
is
highly
recommended
that
the
usage
of
indoor
environmental
quality
under
the
green
building
concepts
should
be
pressed.
This
way
it
would
improve
on
the
air
quality
of
McDonalds.
Using
air
conditioner
might
be
costly,
but
it
pays
in
terms
of
reducing
contaminants
and
increasing
the
rate
of
ventilation.
This
method
can
reduce
heat
in
the
building
and
also
improve
on
a
healthy
basis.
Compared
to
natural
ventilation,
the
air
intake
by
the
air
conditioner
is
cleaner
because
it
filters
dust
and
dirt
from
outdoors.
Natural
ventilation
is
not
so
efficient
because
it
depends
on
the
wind.
Outdoor
activities
produce
a
lot
of
sound
pollution,
for
example
a
car
honking
for
no
good
reason.
I
recommend
sound
proof
glass
wall
as
a
thin
sheet
of
sound
insulation
along
with
tint
to
reduce
noise
and
sunlight
glare
directing
inwards
to
the
building.
Using
acoustic
cotton
sheet
behind
the
wall
helps
reduce
sound
pollution
as
it
is
made
of
flexible
fibers
that
are
resistant
to
merely
fungus.
It
should
be
placed
right
behind
the
plastered
wall.
The
government
should
push
on
the
usage
of
these
materials
as
it
helps
improve
the
environment
quality
of
the
building
despite
its
cost.
The
cost
is
bared
only
once,
and
the
benefits
are
received
in
long
terms.
The
government
should
also
remove
taxes
on
these
green
materials
as
it
will
encourage
people
to
go
green.
37
5.1 DEFINITION
Sustainable
building
is
start
with
proper
site
selection.
This
is
because
the
location
of
a
building
totally
will
affect
a
wide
range
of
environmental
factors.
The
factors
affects
environmental
such
accessibility,
security,
and
energy
consumption.
Besides
that,
it
also
includes
the
impact
on
local
ecosystems
and
energy
consumed
by
transportation
needs
of
occupants
for
commuting.
(WBDG,
2014)
Sustainable
site
and
management
is
selecting
a
suitable
site
with
planned
access
to
open
spaces
and
landscaping,
community
services,
public
transportation.
Suitable
site
and
management
provide
a
conservation
environmental
sensitive
area
and
avoid
the
redevelopment
of
existing
site
and
brownfields
cause
the
environmental
sensitive.
In
addition,
implemented
proper
construction
management,
storm
water
management,
storm
water
management
and
reducing
the
strain
on
existing
infrastructure
capacity
(GBI,
2013).
Totally,
a
sustainable
site
plan
is
reaching
the
clients
project
goals
and
has
the
least
environmental
impact.
(B.Faulhaber,
2011)
personnel
for
major
renovations
included
specified
all
interior
finishes,
replacing
light
and
etc.
In
addition,
minimize
development
of
open
space
not
only
for
retrofit
an
existing
buildings,
it
also
can
reuse
disturbed
land
or
brownfield
sites.
(WBDG,
2014)
Figure
36:
Old
building
(
Source:
Build
It,
2014)
Figure
37:
Reconstruct
the
old
building
(Build
It,
2014)
39
Figure
38:
Green
vehicle
preferred
parking
(
source:
Radials
O,
2012)
40
5.2.3 LANDSCAPING
Landscaping
is
using
the
landscape
to
design
for
preserve
and
restore
the
regions
natural
habitat.
Landscaping
include
green
wall.
Figure
39:
Green
Wall
(source:
Amit
Tyagi,
2014)
41
42
Figure
40:
McDonald
parking
lots
near
the
entrance
Otherwise,
the
green
vehicle
priority
has
stated
only
the
hybrid
or
electric
vehicles
only
can
park.
Hybrid
or
electric
vehicles
are
providing
the
function
of
low
emitting
and
fuel-efficient.
Under
the
Green
Building
Index
(GBI),
shall
provide
5%
of
the
total
car
parks
of
the
building
for
green
vehicles.
Normally,
the
preferred
parking
is
closet
to
the
main
entrance
of
the
project.
This
is
because
it
needs
to
promote
the
use
of
green
vehicles
to
reduce
the
pollution
from
automobile
use.
(GBI,
2013)
Green
vehicle
priority
will
reduce
the
pollution
and
land
development
impacts
from
automobile
use
43
Figure
41:
Green
Vehicle
Priority
at
KLIA2
(Source:
KLIA2,
2015)
4.3.2.1.a
Advantages
of
Green
Vehicle
Priority:
i.
Green
vehicle
priority
has
provide
preferred
parking
areas
ii.
The
parking
area
near
the
building
entrance
iii.
Reduce
air
pollution
come
from
automobile
use.
iv.
Reduce
usage
of
fuel
and
money
saving
due
to
lesser
fuel
consumption.
4.3.2.1.b
Disadvantages
of
Green
Vehicle
Priority:
i.
ii.
iii.
Affect
the
business
of
the
building
due
to
no
enough
car
parks
provided.
Causing
traffic
jam
because
double
parking
due
to
no
enough
car
parks
provided.
Figure
42:
Bus
and
Bus
stop
(source:
Wikimedia
commons,
2011)
45
Times
are
not
flexible
and
need
take
longer
time
to
wait
the
bus
come.
Limit
amount
of
space
of
the
public
transportation
system,
which
may
need
stand
for
a
longer
time.
iii.
No
privacy
in
public
transportation
due
to
nothing
can
prevent
other
people
sitting
beside
you.
iv.
Self-belongings
will
loss
due
to
theft
occurred
and
dangerous
when
you
are
alone.
(Misty
Barton,
2015)
46
Figure
43:Bicycle
Storage
(Source:
vehicle
BD,
2015)
4.3.2.4.a
Advantages
of
Bicycle
Storage
and
Changing
Room:
i.
Cycling
does
not
contribute
to
air
or
noise
pollution.
ii.
Reduce
land
development
due
to
reducing
need
for
parking
lots.
iii.
Reduce
the
traffic
accidents.
4.3.2.4.b
Disadvantages
of
Bicycle
Storage
and
Changing
Room:
i.
ii.
5.3.3 LANDSCAPING
Landscaping
is
the
area
use
for
planting
and
green
wall.
Planting
and
green
wall
can
reduce
the
heat
due
to
the
shade
of
planting.
Other
then
that,
well
arrangement
of
landscaping
will
increase
the
aesthetic
for
the
building.
47
Figure
44:
External
wall
of
McDonald
Figure
45:
Internal
wall
of
McDonald
Green
wall
can
use
in
the
interior
and
exterior.
Green
wall
is
increasing
the
aesthetic
value
for
the
building.
For
interior
green
wall,
it
is
not
only
provide
a
good
aesthetic
for
building,
it
is
also
improve
indoor
air
quality
due
to
plant
will
purify
the
indoor
air.
Plant
will
metabolize
carbon
dioxide
and
release
oxygen
into
interior.
Green
wall
can
reduce
noise
reduction
into
the
building.
For
the
exterior
the
green
wall
can
reduction
of
the
urban
heat
island
effect,
it
is
also
providing
shade
to
effects
of
direct
sunlight.
Plants
can
create
enough
turbulence
to
slow
and
cools
down
the
air.
(Peck
et
al.
1999)
Green
wall
are
natural
air-filters,
creating
a
cleaner
and
more
invigorating
environment
to
lead
better
healthy
and
production.
It
can
also
give
the
buildings
protection,
not
only
from
temperature
fluctuations
but
also
during
heavy
rain
will
diverting
water
away
from
walls
and
provide
protection
from
uv
radiation.
(ambius.com,
2013)
48
Figure
46:
Green
wall
in
Restaurant
(source:
El
japanonez,
2015)
4.3.3.1.a
Advantages
of
Green
Wall:
i.
Improve
aesthetic
value
due
to
it
can
add
colour
and
texture
to
complete
wall
or
section.
Reduce
urban
heat
island
effect.
Improve
air
quality
by
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
and
releasing
oxygen.
(Green
Wall
Benefits)
ii.
iii.
For
interior
green
wall
will
cause
dirty
if
not
has
a
good
management.
Costly
for
maintenance
Will
cause
mosquitoes
breed
5.4 FINDING
From
the
analysis
and
evaluation,
minimize
develop
on
new
space
like
retrofit,
renovation
or
reconstruct
an
existing
building
is
suitable
for
McDonald.
Because
nowadays
has
some
area
which
is
already
discard.
So
McDonald
can
retrofit
or
renovate
that
place
for
their
business
no
need
to
develop
a
new
place.
Based
on
above
analysis
and
evaluation,
public
transportation
is
more
suitable
for
this
case
study.
This
is
because
public
transportation
compare
with
other
will
bring
more
advantages
for
McDonald.
For
green
vehicle
priority
and
parking
capacity,
although
it
has
provide
preferred
parking
for
green
vehicle,
carpools
and
vanpools,
49
but
it
no
so
more
effective
and
sometime
the
preferred
parking
will
be
parked
with
no
green
vehicle.
Green
vehicle
has
higher
maintenance
cost
and
McDonald
should
provide
electric
charge
station
for
them.
Bicycle
storage
and
changing
room
are
not
suitable
in
this
case
study
is
because
the
McDonald
is
located
in
busy
roadway
it
may
cause
accident
and
dangerous
for
the
road
user.
Public
transportation
like
bus
it
will
bring
more
convenience
for
citizen
with
provide
a
good
bus
transportation
system
including
bus
stop
and
good
arrangement
of
route.
The
cost
of
public
transportation
is
lower
then
other
and
brings
more
consumers
to
McDonald.
In
addition,
around
this
McDonald
have
two
universities,
which
is
Nilai
University
and
INTI
University.
Then
has
a
lot
of
student
and
has
90%
of
student
are
not
have
own
vehicle.
So,
public
transportation
is
more
suitable
for
this
case
study.
Green
walls
are
suitable
for
this
case
study;
it
is
because
Malaysia
is
the
tropical
country.
Because
it
is
tropical
country
it
should
have
the
green
wall
and
landscaping
design
to
provide
a
shade
for
the
building
to
reduce
the
heat
in
the
building.
It
is
suitable
for
the
plant
metabolize.
5.5 RECOMMENDATION
At
1st
April
2015,
the
GST
is
implemented
at
Malaysia.
The
commercial
property
is
subject
standard
rate
supplier.
For
recommendation,
if
any
commercial
property,
which
is
under
retrofit
an
existing
building,
it
can
claim
back
the
tax.
Furthermore,
the
McDonald
own
management
when
open
a
new
stores,
shall
select
the
place,
which
already
develop
before.
For
facilities
on
transportation,
management
has
a
good
planning
in
the
route,
good
facilities
such
as
bus
stop,
bicycle
storage
lock.
For
the
McDonald
management
shall
encourage
the
worker
using
public
transportation,
green
vehicle
and
carpools.
The
government
also
should
encourage
citizen
to
buy
the
hybrid
car
with
tax-free,
it
can
reduce
the
environment
pollution.
Moreover,
can
provide
roof
cover
for
walking
area
from
bus
stop
to
the
building.
Government
also
shall
encourage
citizen
to
use
the
green
wall
with
subsidy.
It
can
provide
shade
for
the
building
and
increase
the
aesthetic
building
value.
50
6.1 DEFINITION
The
resources
can
be
the
materials
which
able
to
produce
benefit.
The
natural
resources
also
consider
as
a
resources
which
able
to
obtain
from
the
environment
to
make
a
product.
We
should
efficiently
and
fully
use
of
the
materials
and
resources
to
prevent
any
waste
production
which
may
influence
our
environment.
51
52
Figure
47:
Plasterboard
as
ceiling
finishes
in
McDonald
53
Figure
49:
Rubber
flooring
in
playground
area
in
McDonald
54
VOC
may
affect
our
health.
It
is
suitable
to
replace
the
wall
tiles
as
it
is
high
quality
and
economical
paint.
(King
McCarthy,
2014)
Figure
54:
AMAZON
recycled
paint(
Source:
King
McCarth,
2014)
56
6.4 FINDINGS
From
the
analysis
and
evaluation,
we
found
that
the
recycled
materials
are
suitable
used
in
the
selected
building
for
our
case
study.
For
ceiling,
I
suggest
use
the
recycled
plasterboard
because
it
can
reduce
waste
and
it
has
same
function
with
the
standard
plasterboard.
For
flooring,
the
recycled
rubber
flooring
is
suitable
used
in
the
playground
area
of
this
building
as
the
advantages
of
recycled
rubber
flooring
are
more
than
the
original
rubber
flooring.
Recycled
glass
tiles
suitable
used
for
flooring
as
it
can
provide
aesthetic
purpose
if
compare
to
ceramic
tiles.
As
the
recycled
paint
is
a
type
of
surplus
and
quality
paint
which
collect
from
the
government,
business,
etc.
Therefore,
it
can
be
used
in
this
building
to
improve
the
environmentally
friendly.
6.5 RECOMMENDATION
The
government
or
private
construction
company
shall
be
encouraged
to
use
or
adopt
recycled
materials
in
the
construction.
This
is
because
recycled
materials
are
saves
a
lot
of
energy
and
it
may
lead
to
reduction
of
environmental
impact
due
to
reduction
of
materials
waste.
Besides
that,
using
the
recycling
materials
on
site
may
also
reduce
the
greenhouse
gas
emission
due
to
lower
demand
of
raw
materials
which
may
lead
to
less
transportation
of
materials.
Reuse
or
recycling
materials
can
also
conserves
the
natural
resources,
landfill
space
and
reduce
the
transportation
cost,
disposal
cost
and
new
material
cost.
More
and
more
of
the
recycled
company
shall
be
established
in
our
country
to
provide
us
more
recycled
materials
and
encourage
more
people
to
use
this
kind
of
materials.
Therefore,
more
supply
of
the
recycled
materials
may
cause
lower
price
of
the
materials,
so
more
peoples
will
able
to
purchase
and
more
people
will
use
it.
Establish
more
recycled
industries
in
our
country
not
only
can
save
our
environment
but
also
can
increase
the
employment
opportunities
in
recycle
industries
or
company.
The
recycled
industries
shall
able
to
create
more
technology
to
recycle
more
materials
which
still
cannot
be
recycled
nowadays.
57
7 WATER
EFFICIENCY
Water
efficiency
is
a
major
key
area
of
green
building
same
as
energy
efficiency.
The
definition
of
water
efficiency
and
key
area
identified
will
discuss
as
below.
7.1 DEFINITION
Water
efficiency
is
means
to
reduce
the
water
wastage
and
being
smart
in
using
the
water
in
our
daily
life.
Many
people
will
misunderstand
or
confused
with
the
water
conservation
and
water
efficiency.
Water
conservation
is
has
restricting
use
of
water,
and
the
core
idea
of
water
efficiency
is
not,
it
is
target
on
reducing
the
wastage
of
water.
Why
need
has
water
efficiency?
In
2014,
Negeri
Sembilan
and
Selangor
were
facing
the
worst
problem
of
water
crisis
after
the
Klang
Valley
water
crisis
1988.
This
crisis
is
caused
by
the
weather
is
too
hot
and
too
dry
due
to
the
El
Nino
phenomenon
(Wikipedia,
2014).
Nowadays,
our
country
just
has
the
three
main
water
sources
such
as
river,
ground
water
and
storage
dam.
Besides
that,
according
to
the
research
from
internet,
we
found
that
Malaysian
is
using
the
water
average
250liter
per
person
per
day
(EPA,
2015).
This
is
also
will
cause
the
water
crisis
on
us.
If
human
do
not
want
to
change
now
and
to
be
continued
like
that,
most
of
us
will
meet
the
problem
and
live
in
the
area
of
water
stress
very
soon.
This
is
why
the
reasons
we
need
to
use
the
water
efficiently
and
reduce
the
wastage
of
water.
Water
is
very
important
to
everyone.
Without
water,
any
development
is
impossible
to
be
happen;
without
water,
we
cannot
do
any
things
in
ours
life;
without
water,
our
life
will
be
end
very
soon.
The
green
roof
is
act
as
a
natural
filter
to
rainwater.
The
plants
will
absorb
more
than
fifty
percentages
of
rain
water
so
that
the
rainwater
would
not
run
to
the
sewage
system.
After
the
plant
absorbed
the
rainwater,
the
plant
also
will
evaporate
the
rainwater
back
to
the
air
(Green
Roof
Today,
2014).
The
green
roof
is
normally
constructed
by
few
layers
above
the
concrete
slab.
The
top
of
cause
is
the
plant,
second
is
growing
medium,
and
third
is
filter
and
then
the
drainage
and
the
waterproof
membrane
(Green
Roof
Today,
2014).
The
green
roof
is
distributed
into
two
types
which
are
intensive
roof
and
extensive
roof.
The
intensive
roof
is
heavier
than
the
extensive
roof.
The
minimum
depth
of
intensive
roof
is
12.8cm
and
the
extensive
roof
is
from
2cm
to
12.7cm
depth.
Because
the
intensive
roof
is
deeper
and
heavier
so
that
it
will
require
more
maintenance
if
compare
with
extensive
roof
(Green
Roof
Today,
2014).
Figure
55:
Green
Roof
Structure
(Source:
Green
Roof
Today,
2014)
59
60
These
two
systems
can
also
be
installed
the
sensor
to
block
off
the
irrigation.
When
it
rain
or
the
soil
is
has
the
enough
moisture,
the
sensor
will
sensor
it
and
close
off
the
irrigation
system
to
prevent
over
watering.
(Autodesk
Education
Community,
2014)
Figure
58:
Sprinklers
irrigation
(Source:
Autodesk
Education
Community,
2014)
Figure
59:
Drip
irrigigation
(Source:
Autodesk
Education
Community,
2014)
61
Figure
60:
Flat
roof
structure
(Source:
Greenspec,
2015)
McDonalds
roof
is
using
the
flat
roof
design.
What
is
flat
roof?
Flat
roof
is
constructed
with
a
horizontal
cover
on
the
top
of
the
house
(ASHI,
2013).
The
flat
roof
are
constructed
by
the
waterproofing
layer/
damp
proof
membrane,
insulation
paper,
vapour
control
layer,
decking,
existing
(sound)
roof
joints,
and
lastly
is
the
ceiling.
The
flat
roof
cannot
like
the
green
roof
as
absorbed
the
rainwater
by
the
plants.
When
the
rain
is
falling
dawn,
it
just
let
the
rainwater
flow
to
the
gutter
and
downpipes
or
the
roof
drain
and
lastly
is
wasting
the
water.
6.3.1.a
Advantages
of
flat
roof:
-
-
-
Flat
roof
is
needed
to
do
maintenance
every
few
year
to
make
sure
the
flat
roof
still
in
the
good
condition.
62
Figure
61:
Flat
roof
of
McDonald
Figure
62:
Flat
roof
of
McDonald
63
Figure
63:
Outside
tap
in
McDonald
Figure
64:
Wash
basin
in
McDonald.
64
Figure
65:
Toilet
fixture
in
McDonald.
6.3.2.a
Advantages
of
direct
water
supply
system:
-
-
-
-
No
matter
direct
or
indirect
system
is
not
using
the
water
efficiency.
Unlike
rainwater
harvesting
system,
it
uses
the
water
very
efficiency.
For
example,
the
rainwater
harvesting
system
is
collect
the
rainwater
and
can
use
for
the
toilet
flushing,
wash
hand,
and
also
for
the
outside
tap.
It
is
not
only
using
the
water
efficiency
and
also
save
a
lot
of
cost
for
that.
6.3.2.e
Advantages
of
rainwater
harvesting
system:
-
-
-
-
Save
cost
Can
use
the
rainwater
for
many
purpose
as
the
examples
mention
above
Reduces
flood
possibilities
and
the
soil
structure
will
not
be
spoil
Low
cost
in
maintenance
Figure
66:
Rainwater
Collection
(Source:
DH,
2008)
66
Figure
67:
Landscape
in
McDonald
and
the
plants
start
withered.
Figure
68:
Landscape
in
McDonald
and
the
plant
still
in
good
condition.
67
7.4 FINDING
From
the
analysis
and
the
evaluation,
we
found
that
for
the
water
efficiency,
the
green
roofing
is
very
suitable
for
the
McDonald
as
our
study
case.
Although
it
will
be
have
a
very
high
cost
in
the
initially,
but
it
bring
out
the
many
benefit
for
us.
For
example,
it
will
help
the
McDonald
building
rise
up
its
value
and
attract
more
customer
because
of
the
green
roof
is
not
only
aesthetic
and
also
functional.
Besides
that,
McDonald
original
is
a
flat
roof,
it
will
be
more
easy
to
construct
a
green
roof
if
compare
to
the
pitch
roof.
McDonald
should
that
the
advantages
of
it
and
build
up
the
green
roof
as
soon
as
possible.
Moreover,
the
rainwater
harvesting
system
also
will
be
suit
to
the
McDonald.
I
believe
that
the
McDonald
one
month
must
pay
a
lot
of
money
for
the
water
bill.
But
if
McDonald
willing
to
install
the
rainwater
harvesting
system,
I
sure
the
monthly
bill
must
become
very
less
and
less.
Nowadays,
more
and
more
people
just
know
how
to
open
the
water
and
use
it
and
dont
know
how
to
close
it,
save
it
and
at
the
same
time
to
save
our
earth.
Nobody
will
care
for
it,
so
McDonald
should
start
to
do
it
and
affect
other
people
and
not
only
just
care
about
how
to
earn
the
money
from
us.
Lastly
is
for
the
landscape
and
the
landscaping
irrigation.
McDonald
should
change
all
the
plant
for
the
landscaping
and
install
sprinklers
or
drip
irrigation
and
using
the
rainwater
collected.
McDonald
does
not
have
any
irrigation
system
until
today.
It
should
install
and
prevent
the
overwater
the
plant
and
make
the
plant
sick
or
die.
Although
some
plants
still
in
the
good
condition,
but
as
longer
as
long,
those
plants
will
be
sick
and
die
soon.
7.5 RECOMMENDATION
For
the
recommendation,
I
will
recommend
that
the
government
should
force
some
commercial
building
or
industry
building
which
had
many
branch
in
Malaysia
such
as
McDonald,
KFC,
Jusco,
Tesco,
Nippon,
Proton
and
etc.
to
build
their
building
or
office
at
least
half
to
build
as
a
green
building.
Malaysia
should
encourage
more
people
to
go
green
by
using
the
big
company
affect
other
people.
Besides
that,
government
also
can
give
the
incentive
to
those
people
who
build
their
house,
company,
or
any
building
to
be
green
building.
For
example,
once
my
house
build
as
green
building,
then
the
government
will
sponsor
me
50%
of
the
total
cost
of
the
building.
68
8 CONCLUSION
69
9 REFERENCES
2)
3)
70
73
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2014.
1998
Klang
Valley
water
crisis.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Klang_Valley_water_crisis.
[Accessed
04
April
15].
3) Astro.
2014.
Malaysians
must
stop
wasting
water
Read
more
at:
http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/malaysians-must-stop-wasting-
water-34654?cp.
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04
April
15].
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04
April
15].
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Education
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Landscaping.
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2010.
direct
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RAINWATER
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