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Safety and health in the use of machinery

The abolition of child labour

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1.2. Conventions and Recommendations on occupational safety
and health and working conditions

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2. Selected ILO codes of practice with provisions
which are relevant and applicable to safety and health
in the use of machinery
Safety, health and working conditions in the transfer of technology to developing countries

Safety and health in construction,


Safety in the use of chemicals at work

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Safety and health in forestry work
Safety and health in the non-ferrous metals industries
Ambient factors in the workplace
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Safety and health in the use of machinery

Safety and health in the iron and steel industry


Safety and health in agriculture
3. Relevant publications

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Safety and health in the use of machinery

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Appendices
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91

Appendix I
Types of different guarding for machinery
1. Methods of safeguarding machinery

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2. Safeguarding with guards

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92

Appendix I

2.1.1. Fixed guards

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93

Safety and health in the use of machinery

2.1.2. Interlocking guards

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covered by the guard automatically shuts off or disengages. The dangerous
part or hazardous function cannot operate until the guard is back in place and
closed, but closure of the guard does not automatically initiate operation of the
dangerous part or hazardous motion.

94

Appendix I

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2.1.4. Adjustable guards


2.1.4.1. Manually adjustable guards

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Safety and health in the use of machinery

Adjustable guards allow flexibility to accommodate the various sizes


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3. Safeguarding with protective devices


3.1. General description

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Appendix I

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3.4. Basic types of protective devices
3.4.1. Presence-sensing devices

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Appendix I

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Safety and health in the use of machinery

5. Emergency stops

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100

Appendix II
Detailed supplementary technical information
for certain specific machinery types
1. Supplementary information to offset hazards due to
the mobility of machinery (such as vehicles, earth-moving
machinery, excavators, harvesters and tractors)
1.1. General considerations

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1.2.2. Seating

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1.3. Control systems
1.3.1. General considerations

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102

Appendix II

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103

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104

Appendix II

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106

Appendix II

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107

Safety and health in the use of machinery

1.4.6. Towing devices

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108

Appendix II

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1.5.1. Batteries

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109

Safety and health in the use of machinery

1.5.2. Fire

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110

Appendix II

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111

Safety and health in the use of machinery

2. Technical information to offset hazards due to lifting


operations (such as those involving cranes or hoists)
2.1. General

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112

Appendix II

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should be established and applied to ensure good coordination on the
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113

Safety and health in the use of machinery

2.2. Protection against mechanical hazards


2.2.1. Risks due to lack of stability

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ZD\WKDWLWVVWDELOLW\LVPDLQWDLQHGERWKLQDQGRXWRIVHUYLFHLQFOXGLQJ
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2.2.2. Machinery running on guide rails and rail tracks

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WKHJXLGHUDLOVRUWUDFNVWRSUHYHQWGHUDLOPHQW
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2.2.3. Mechanical strength

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DVVHPEO\DQGGLVPDQWOLQJ

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114

Appendix II

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2.3. Pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and chains
(refer to paragraphs 8.5.5 and 8.5.6 of the code)

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115

Safety and health in the use of machinery

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2.4. Lifting accessories and their components
(refer to paragraphs 8.5.5 and 8.5.6 of the code)

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116

Appendix II

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2.5. Control of movements

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117

Safety and health in the use of machinery

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2.6. Movements of loads during handling

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2.7. Machinery serving fixed landings
2.7.1. Movements of the carrier

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118

Appendix II

2.7.2. Access to the carrier

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2.7.3. Risks due to contact with the moving carrier

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2.7.4. Risk of loads falling off the carrier

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2.7.5. Landings

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119

Safety and health in the use of machinery

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2.7.6. Fitness for purpose

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2.8. Information for machinery with a power source
other than human effort
2.8.1. Control of movements

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120

Appendix II

2.8.2. Loading control

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2.8.3. Installations guided by ropes

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2.9. Information on use
2.9.1. Chains, ropes and webbing
(refer to paragraphs 8.5.5 and 8.5.6 of the code)

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121

Safety and health in the use of machinery




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2.9.2. Lifting accessories
(refer to paragraphs 8.5.5 and 8.5.6 of the code)

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D  WKH PDWHULDO RI ZKLFK WKH\ DUH PDGH ZKHUH WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ LV
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WKHDFFHVVRU\

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2.9.3. Lifting machinery

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PDUNHG RQ WKH PDFKLQHU\ 7KLV PDUNLQJ VKRXOG EH OHJLEOH LQGHOLEOH
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122

Appendix II

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YLVLEOHDWHDFKSODFHZKHUHDFFHVVLVSRVVLEOH
2.10. Instructions for lifting accessories
(refer to paragraphs 8.5.5 and 8.5.6 of the code)

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D  WKHLQWHQGHGXVH

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2.11. Instructions for lifting machinery

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123

Safety and health in the use of machinery

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3. Supplementary safety information for machinery
presenting particular hazards due to the lifting of persons
3.1. General

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WKDWDUHGHVLJQHGDQGPDQXIDFWXUHGIRUWKLVSXUSRVH

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HTXLSPHQW 7KH OLIWLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI D IRUNOLIW WUXFN VKRXOG EH DW OHDVW

124

Appendix II

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3.2. Mechanical strength

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3.3. Loading control for machinery used for lifting persons
and operated by power other than human effort

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125

Safety and health in the use of machinery

3.4. Control devices

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the carrier should as a general rule be designed and constructed in such
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3.5. Risk to persons in or on the carrier
3.5.1. Risks due to movements of the carrier

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3.5.2. Risk of persons falling from the carrier

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126

Appendix II

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3.5.3. Risk due to objects falling on the carrier

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3.6. Machinery serving fixed landings
(such as construction site hoists)
3.6.1. Risks to persons in or on the carrier

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127

Safety and health in the use of machinery

3.6.2. Controls on landings

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3.6.3. Access to the carrier

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3.7. Markings

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128

Appendix III
Example of a lathe as a prompt to assist in the
risk assessment process for any machinery
Materials/substances
t-VCSJDBUJOHPJMT
t%VTU
t$MFBOJOHBHFOUT
t$PPMBOUT
t'VNFT
t.JTUT
t8BTUFQSPEVDUT

Equipment
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t$VUUJOHUPPMT
t"DDFTTPSJFT
t(VBSEJOHGFODJOHTIJFME
t$PNQSFTTFEBJS
pressurized liquids
t7JCSBUJPO
t&OFSHZTPVSDFT
t/PJTF
t3BEJBUJPO
t$POUSPMT

Procedures
t6TF
t4FUUJOH
t$MFBOJOH
t*OTQFDUJPO
t4FSWJDJOH
t.BJOUFOBODF
t8BTUFEJTQPTBM
t-PTTPGTUBCJMJUZ
t&SSPSTJOmUUJOH

Workplace
t-PDBUJPO
t4FSWJDFTOFDFTTBSZ
to operate
t7FOUJMBUJPO
t8PSLTQBDFBSFB
t-JHIUJOH
t4MJQUSJQGBMM
t'BMMJOHPCKFDUT
t5FNQFSBUVSF

Workers
t0QFSBUPST
t4FUUFST
t$MFBOFST
t.BJOUFOBODF
t4FSWJDFDPOUSBDUPST

129

Appendix IV
Generic risk assessment template
Risk assessment template: Machinery
Hazards
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Noise
Vibration
Radiation
Materials and substances
Ergonomic
Environmental
Biological
Unexpected start-up, overrun
and overspeed
Inadequate stopping
Rotating parts
Energy supply failure
Control circuit failure

130

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes/No

Likelihood

Severity

Appendix IV

Task

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Risk = severity x likelihood

Date

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Actions to be taken

By whom

By when

131

Safety and health in the use of machinery

Risk assessment template: Machinery


Hazards

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes/No

Likelihood

Severity

Errors of fitting
Break-up during operation
Falling or ejected objects or fluids
Loss of stability and overturning
of machinery
Slipping, tripping and falling
Others

Likelihood

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Severity

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132

Appendix IV

Task

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Risk = severity x likelihood

Date

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Actions to be taken

By whom

By when

KDSSHQ

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133

Appendix V
Ergonomic risk assessment template
Risk assessment template: Machinery
Hazards/posture
Ergonomic
Operators variability
Physical dimensions
Strength
Stamina
Space for movements
Enough space for movements
Posture
Dynamic
Work rate
Machine-determined work rate
Pace
Speed
Concentration
Lengthy concentration
Vigilance
Mental operations

134

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes/No

Likelihood

Severity

Appendix V

Task

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Risk = severity x likelihood

Date

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Actions to be taken

By whom

By when

135

Safety and health in the use of machinery

Risk assessment template: Machinery


Hazards/posture
Humanmachine interface
Adapted to the foreseeable
characteristics of the operator
Visual
Auditory
Sensitivity
Sensory
1. Carrying of heavy loads
2. Stoop work or trunk bending
3. Non-neutral postures
4. Working in awkward postures
5. Working above shoulder height
6. Excessive forward reach
7. Fatigue from task frequency/
lack of breaks
8. Highly repetitive hand work
9. Excessive amount of hand-arm
force
10. Vibration
11. Environmental exposures

136

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes/No

Likelihood

Severity

Appendix V

Task

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Risk = severity x likelihood

Date

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Actions to be taken

By whom

By when

137

Safety and health in the use of machinery


Machinery is used in virtually all work activities, and thus presents
certain safety and health risks in a large number of workplaces all
over the world. Many new types of machinery are also introduced
into the market each year. This code of practice sets out principles
concerning safety and health in the use of machinery and defines
safety and health technical requirements and precautions,
including those relating to the working environment, control
systems, machinery guarding and protection against hazards,
information and marking, and supplementary measures relating
to specific machinery types. The code applies to any work activity
in which machinery is used and to all stages of the life cycle of
machinery, including second-hand, rebuilt or redeployed machinery
used in workplaces.

I S B N 978-92-2-127725-5

789221 277255

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