2.

3 Useful Chemicals (Building Key Points Key terms

blocks)
Syllabus Summary (H) = higher only Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Element
You should be able to: • Elements contain only 1 type of atom, compounds contain at least 2 different atoms Product
Compound Balanced
• define an element, compound and mixture; joined together
Mixture Formula
• match up symbols and names of elements • Compounds are very difficult to separate into their elements
Atom Organic
• recall some chemical symbols • Mixtures are two substances that are not chemically combined
Nucleus Inorganic
• classify materials as elements, compounds • Mixtures are easy to separate
Proton
or mixtures using information provided
Neutron
• State that all matter is made up of atoms
Electron
• recall the structure of the atom
Reactant
• recall that all of the atoms that make up an
element have the same number of protons
and electrons in their atoms.
• Match up formulae and names of some
compounds
• Recognise reactants and products in a Element Compound Mixture
symbol equation
• name the some compounds listed given The Atom
• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are
their formulae;
found in the nucleus, electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. The first shell can hold a
• write word and symbol equations to show
max of 2 electrons, the second and third shells hold a max of 8
how atoms are rearranged in the chemical
• Protons are positive and have a mass of 1, neutrons are neutral and have a mass of 1
reactions
and electrons are negative and have a mass of 0
• recall and use the formulae of some
compounds l to write balanced symbol Chemical Symbols and Formulae
equations (H)
• Most element symbols are the first letter of the name e.g. Carbon = C
• state that scientists sort out chemicals into C2H7N
• Some are the first two letters of the name e.g. Cobalt = Co
two groups, those that contain carbon and
those that do not; • A few are the first letter and another letter from the name e.g. Magnesium = Mg
• state that living things all contain the • Some are the first letter or letters of the latin name e.g. Sodium = Natrium = Na
element carbon and non-living usually don’t • The formula of a compound tells us which atoms and how many it contains e.g.
• recall the names of some chemicals that do CO2 = 1 x carbon atom and 2 x oxygen atoms
not contain the element carbon
• recognise inorganic and organic Equations
substances; • An equation can be written in words or symbols
• use the words organic and inorganic
correctly and explain the words origin E.G. Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
• use chemical formulae to recognise a 2 Mg + O2 → 2MgO (must be balanced)
substance as organic or inorganic
(reactants) → (products)
• recall that there are many useful
substances that contain carbon atoms
Organic compounds
• explain why fossil fuels are a source of
• Organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compound don’t
organic substances;
• Livings things all contain the element carbon
• state that organic chemicals are very • Many useful substances contain carbon e.g. plastics, petrol, products from oil
important in our lives and most are derived
from crude oil.