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Cluster Sampling
In cluster sampling, we divide the population into groups or clusters and then select a random sample of
these clusters. We assume that these individual clusters are representative of the population as a whole.
If a market Research team is attempting to determine by sampling the average number of television sets
per household in a large city, they could use a city map and divide the territory into blocks and then
choose a certain number of blocks (clusters) for interviewing. Every household in each of these blocks
would be interviewed. A well designed cluster sampling procedure can produce a more precise sample at
considerably less cost than that of simple random sampling.
Sampling distribution
Sampling distribution is the distribution of all possible values of a statistic from all possible samples of a
particular size drawn from the population.
Standard Error
Standard deviation of the distribution of the sample means is called the standard error of the mean.
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Numerical on Sampling
A jar contains 3 red marbles, 7 green marbles and 10 white marbles. If a marble is drawn at random,
what is the probability that marble drawn is white?
a. 2/5
b. 1/2
c. 3/8
d. 10/13
Ans b
Solution :
Here Red = 3
Green = 7
White = 10
Hence total sample space is (3+7+10)= 20
Out of 20 one ball is drawn n(S) = {c(20,a.} = 20
To find the probability of occurrence of one White marble out of 10 white ball
n(R)={c(10,a.} = 10
Hence P(R) = n(R)/n(S)
= 10/20 = 1/2
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A sack contains 4 black balls 5 red balls. What is probability to draw 1 black ball and 2 red balls in one
draw?
a. 12/21
b. 9/20
c. 10/21
d. 11/20
Ans c
Solution :
Out of 9, 3 (1 black & 2 red) are expected to be drawn)
Hence sample space
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n(S) = 9c3
= 9!/(6!3!)
= 362880/4320
= 84
Now out of 4 black ball 1 is expected to be drawn hence
n(B) = 4c1
=4
Same way out of 5 red balls 2 are expected be drawn hence
n(R) = 5c2
= 5!/(3!2!)
= 120/12
= 10
Then P(B U R) = n(B)n(R)/n(S)
i.e 410/84 = 10/21
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