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1. Find the Fourier transform of a single sided exponential function e−bt u(t) and draw
the spectrum. Where u(t) is the unit step function. [16]
2. The rms voltage of a carrier wave is 5 volts before modulation and 5.9 volts after
modulation. What is the percentage of modulation? Calculate the modulated
power if the unmodulated power is 2kw. [16]
3. Show that the noise output power density in a phase modulation receiver is uniform
over the baseband. [16]
4. Draw and explain the PAM modulator. [16]
5. (a) Describe different types of signaling formats with neat sketches.
(b) Explain the features of Flat top Sampling and Aperture effect. [8+8]
6. (a) What is m-ary FSK scheme and derive the average probability of error for
coherent m-ary FSK.
(b) Distinguish between QPSK and MSK. [8+8]
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7. (a) What is the significance of coding? Explain the principles of any one type of
source code.
(b) Derive expression for channel capacity for infinite bandwidth.
(c) A source is delivering 3 messages with probabilities 1/2, 1/4, 1/4 What is
the entropy of second order source. [6+6+4]
8. Construct a code tree for the following encoder and explain the sequential decoding
method. Shown in figure 8 [16]
Figure 8
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(b) Explain the relationship between minimum bandwidth required for an FSK
system and bit rate. [12+4]
7. (a) Consider a telegraph source having two symbols, dot and dash. The dot du-
ration is 0.2s. The dash duration is 3 times the dot duration. The probability
of the dot’s occurring is twice that of the dash, and the time between symbols
is 0.2s. Calculate the information rate of the telegraph source.
(b) A system has band width of 4Khz and SNR of 28 db at the input of the
receiver. Calculate
i. It’s information carrying capacity
ii. The capacity of channel if it’s bandwidth is double while the transmitted
signal power remains constant. [10+6]
1 0 1 1 0 0
8. For a(6,3) linear black code, the parity check matrix is H = 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
For all the possible data words, find the corresponding code words. [16]
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4. Explain the cross-talk in PAM due to the HF and LF limitations of the channel.
Which one of two affects more than one channel and why? [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of Adaptive delta modulation system with neat block
diagram.
(b) Clearly bring out the difference between granular noise and slope over load
error. [8+8]
6. (a) Compare ASK, FSK and PSK systems with respect to bandwidth, power used,
and equipment complexity.
(b) Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain. [9+7]
7. (a) Establish the two shannon’s theorems associated with channel capacity. What
is Shannon’s limit.
(b) An analog signal band limited to BHz is sampled at Nyquist rate. If the sam-
ples are quantized into 4 independent levels, occurring with equal probability
of 1/4 each, find the entropy and information rate. [10+6]
8. (a) Design a linear block code with a minimum distance of 3 and a message block
size of 8 bits and find first five code words.
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1. Find the highest value of auto correlation of a function f(t), where f(t) = 2cost +
3cos3t + 4 sin4t. [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of an A/D converter suitable to generate PCM words for
speech signals. Comment on its quantization noise, dynamic range and SNR
characteristics. Why is companding used in such codes?
(b) A signal x(t) band limited to 15kHz is sampled at 50 kHz and the samples
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are transmitted using PCM/PSK. An output S/N of at least 40 dB is desired.
Assume that x(t) has a uniform pdf. Find the bandwidth requirements of the
system. [12+4]
6. (a) Draw the modulation waveforms for transmitting binary information over
bandpass channels, for the following modulation schemes.
ASK
FSK
PSK and
Baseband pulse shaping followed by DSB modulation.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes
over analog modulation methods? [8+8]
7. (a) A DMS X has four symbols x1 , x2 , x3 , and x4 with P (x1 ) = 1/2, P (x2 ) =
1/4, and P (x3 ) = P (x4 ) = 1/8. Construct a Shannon-fano code for X, and
show that this code has the optimum property that ni =I(xi ) and that the
code efficiency is 100 percent.
(b) If a discrete memoryless source whose alphabet consists of K equiprobable
symbols. Explain why the use of a fixed-length code for the representation of
such a source is about as efficient as any code can be. [12+4]
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